1
40
755
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/8040918c77659e7c59e6a86151df1557.png
1e0be576de9c38893f04ff4604fbbbab
Website
A resource comprising of a web page or web pages and all related assets ( such as images, sound and video files, etc. ).
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
North Carolina Maps
Description
An account of the resource
A database of maps of North Carolina with information on metadata. North Carolina Maps contains more than 3,000 maps, ranging in date from the late 1500s to 2000, and including detailed maps for each of North Carolina's one hundred counties.
North Carolina Maps is made possible by the Institute of Museum and Library Services under the provisions of the Library Services and Technology Act as administered by the State Library of North Carolina.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
<a href="http://www2.lib.unc.edu/dc/ncmaps/">http://www2.lib.unc.edu/dc/ncmaps/<br />North Carolina Maps is hosted and administered by the Carolina Digital Library and Archives at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. <br /></a>
Language
A language of the resource
English
Subject
The topic of the resource
North Carolina--History
North Carolina--Maps
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
North Carolina Maps is a collaborative digitization project by the North Carolina State Archives, the Outer Banks History Center, and the University Library at UNC-Chapel Hill.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
North Carolina State Archives
Outer Banks History Center
University Library at UNC-Chapel Hill
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
website
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
online exhibit
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
||||osm
North Carolina
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
In addition to offering an online exhibit and database of North Carolina maps, the website's <a title="guide to digitization and description" href="http://www2.lib.unc.edu/wikis/ncmaps/index.php/Main_Page">Guide to Digitization and Description</a> offers several useful resources for those preparing to describe, digitize and display maps.
<p><span class="mw-headline"><strong>Describing North Carolina Maps</strong> <br /></span></p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Subject - Details" href="http://www2.lib.unc.edu/wikis/ncmaps/index.php/Subject_-_Details">North Carolina Maps Metadata Schema</a></li>
<li><a title="Subject - Details" href="http://www2.lib.unc.edu/wikis/ncmaps/index.php/Subject_-_Details">Describing Layers of Detail in Maps</a></li>
<li><a title="Relief" href="http://www2.lib.unc.edu/wikis/ncmaps/index.php/Relief">Describing Relief in Maps</a></li>
<li><a title="Cataloging Tools" href="http://www2.lib.unc.edu/wikis/ncmaps/index.php/Cataloging_Tools">Map Cataloging Tools Available Online</a></li>
<li><a title="General information on Georeferencing" href="http://www2.lib.unc.edu/wikis/ncmaps/index.php/General_information_on_Georeferencing">General information on Georeferencing</a></li>
<li><a title="Steps for Georeferencing Historic NC Maps" href="http://www2.lib.unc.edu/wikis/ncmaps/index.php/Steps_for_Georeferencing_Historic_NC_Maps">Steps for Georeferencing Historic NC Maps</a></li>
<li><a title="Compound Objects" href="http://www2.lib.unc.edu/wikis/ncmaps/index.php/Compound_Objects">Compound Objects</a></li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<p><strong><span class="mw-headline">Studying North Carolina Maps<br /></span></strong></p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Glossary" href="http://www2.lib.unc.edu/wikis/ncmaps/index.php/Glossary">Glossary</a></li>
<li><a title="Bibliography" href="http://www2.lib.unc.edu/wikis/ncmaps/index.php/Bibliography">Bibliography</a></li>
<li><a title="North Carolina Counties: Date Founded" href="http://www2.lib.unc.edu/wikis/ncmaps/index.php/North_Carolina_Counties:_Date_Founded">Table of North Carolina Counties by Date Founded</a></li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<p><strong><span class="mw-headline">Digitizing North Carolina Maps<br /></span></strong></p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Digitization at UNC-Chapel Hill" href="http://www2.lib.unc.edu/wikis/ncmaps/index.php/Digitization_at_UNC-Chapel_Hill">Digitization at UNC-Chapel Hill</a></li>
<li><a title="Digitization at the North Carolina State Archives" href="http://www2.lib.unc.edu/wikis/ncmaps/index.php/Digitization_at_the_North_Carolina_State_Archives">Digitization at the North Carolina State Archives</a></li>
</ul>
history of cartography
maps
website
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/c99368253e9c1340349334dda4881f08.jpg
fbb2fe4ab21685b99d422a6757b741e4
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1810
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
ca. 1810
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1810
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1810
Related Maps
There will be many cases where multiple maps are in effect only slight variations on a single original. If we are certain, or even pretty sure, that one map is just a slightly altered version of another,the related versions should be listed here.
A 20th century copy of this map, with the same title and several additions/modifications, is in the Saratoga Springs City Historian's Office. A brittle contemporary copy, is in the Saratoga County Historian's office.
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
City Plan
Early maps
Manuscript maps
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
Plats – scale divisions of land or property – are an important form of urban cartography. Three versions of this 1810 plat, one of the earliest of Saratoga Springs, show founder Gideon Putnam’s properties shortly before his death, mapping out Saratoga Springs’ transition from rural land to urban settlement. Putnam and his wife Doanda settled in the area 1789. As he cleared his several hundred acres, Putnam found a number of springs along the fault line, realized their potential, and established Putnam’s Tavern and Boarding House in 1802, beginning Saratoga Springs’ rise as a tourist destination and thriving resort center.
The Scott map is both foundational and influential. It exists in as an elegant original, drawn in red and black, in the New York State Archives. There are at least two later versions, all of them manuscript (hand-drawn): an 1825 copy, drawn by G.G. Scott, son of the original surveyor and held by Saratoga County; and a twentieth-century tracing, with a few buildings added for good measure, in the City Historian’s Office. This plat continued to be cited in property cases well into the 20th century.
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Property and Development
Manuscript Maps
Religion and Spirituality
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Scott, James
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
New York State Archives
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
Property
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Maps
Subject - Name
Names of individuals associated with the item. Last name first.
For Maps: People represented on the map itself. In nearly every case, this field will be used when people are pictured on the map (several maps in this project are decorated with photographs or engravings in the margins). Use authorized versions of the name from the Library of Congress Name Authority File where possible.
Scott, James. Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Jordana Dym
Deirdre Schiff
Emily Sloan
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of a number of building lots near the Congress Spring in the town of Saratoga Springs in the county of Saratoga : being the property of the heirs of Gideon Putnam deceased as the same was surveyed in April 1810
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Manuscript
Language
A language of the resource
English
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
POLYGON((-8214665.9307504 5324326.5962501,-8214594.2710364 5324030.4027655,-8213591.0350403 5324087.7305368,-8213586.2577261 5324560.6846492,-8214665.9307504 5324326.5962501))|15|-8214063.9891528|5323966.2822506|osm
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1810
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Scott, James
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Paper
Description
An account of the resource
Three versions of this 1810 plat, one of the earliest of Saratoga Springs, show founder Gideon Putnam’s properties shortly before his death, mapping out Saratoga Springs’ transition from rural land to urban settlement. Putnam and his wife Doanda settled in the area 1789.
19th century
Gideon Putnam
manuscript
plat
springs
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/6069bfb1a8c70c2b89d60f6f9b48dab4.jpg
2168aebe0dce5c26b3ffa3633d64d0af
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/064f60ac2cf08b5008cc1a04c5375766.jpg
2575c7cfe19298b9f657a6e959f88b63
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/309c8cd2a4b75d72c9419f0a0b76a2f4.png
11cb1bdf794017a2798eeb2be3f7110c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Saratoga Springs History
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1706-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Jordana Dym
Allie Smith
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Founding Documents
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
Text of the act creating the town of Saratoga Springs as separate from the town of Saratoga in 1819.
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Saratoga (N.Y.)
Creator - Organization
Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map).
New York (State)
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
2/9/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Description
An account of the resource
The 1819 act separating the towon of Saratoga Springs from Saratoga. April 4, 1819
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1819
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
statute
legal code
act
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
googlebooks
Title
A name given to the resource
An Act to Divide the Town of Saratoga, in the County of Saratoga
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Printed by J. Buel, Printer to the State, for Websters & Skinners
Date Issued
Date of formal issuance (e.g., publication) of the resource.
1819
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Laws of the State of New York Passed at the 42nd Legislature, Begun and Held at the City of Albany, The Fifth Day of January, 1819
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Paper
19th century
boundaries
city government
city planning
Founding Documents
History
Saratoga Springs
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/fa5ae9585f5f1724e2719dba06b5a28b.jpg
6c500f478535b70f5ad886d8a981ff4f
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/d8061233b8655435c228dc341a8f340a.jpg
8df66cc5e61ec618450c2a9c1120188b
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/73001ee619a9389dfac91681f02303d1.jpg
8c00a3d7260824e37af160c4680bee09
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/b6cbb967fe4d9e4b96f294696996e661.jpg
6e8ec3a4d6c96e887cf140bea031d62d
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Scott, James
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1900
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
ca. 1900-1950
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1810
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
April 1810
Related Maps
There will be many cases where multiple maps are in effect only slight variations on a single original. If we are certain, or even pretty sure, that one map is just a slightly altered version of another,the related versions should be listed here.
A 20th century copy of an original 19th c map, with the same title and several additions/modifications. An elegant item is in the New York State Archives, and a brittle contemporary copy, is in the Saratoga County Historian's office.
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
Although undated, details on this larger and linen-backed version of the map suggest a twentieth-century copy. The drawings of the schoolhouse and meeting house represent buildings that did not exist in 1810; such pictorial images do not generally form a part of official plats (property maps). This map is Number 7 in the Ted Gray collection now held at the City Historian’s office, and could be the work of city engineer Samuel J. Mott or another early city planner. The Gray collection includes many redrawings of foundational Saratoga Springs maps and plans in the County records office. The maps in the collection likely served public and private surveyors and engineers.
Bibliographic Note
This field is used to describe two distinct things: cataloging information about a specific item, and information about an item's sources and edition. The first area incorporates information about where a cataloger found a title, publication date, or author attribution (for example, "Title supplied by cataloger" or "Publication date from copyright statement"). The cataloger should take care to use it only for bibliographic issues -- general descriptions and historic information belong in the Abstract and Historic Note fields.
For maps: It also includes information about scale calculation (for instance, if the cataloger found the scale by translating chains into a modern measurement), situation dates (i.e. "The absence of Durham and Vance counties, created in 1881, suggests that the map shows North Carolina at an earlier date than the copyright of 1889 states"), and, in the case of many maps from the Outer Banks History Center, former call numbers. Information about sources and edition will most often describe notable features on the map that were used to distinguish it from a similar, but separate printing. It can also include the source for information in the abstract (often a gazetteer), the cartographer's source for a map ("This map is based on John Ogilby's 1672 map with few omissions"), the original publication date or the publication date of the map's first edition, names of additional books containing the map (in addition to the one from which it was detached), and a note if the map is of uncertain authorship.
Map suggests that there were earlier surveys of the same area of land- property of Gideon Putnam
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
High Rock Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Maps
Property-- Saratoga Springs-- New York
Church-- Baptist
Iconography -- school
Iconography -- church
Iconography -- hotel
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Jordana Dym
Allie Smith
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
Neighborhood/District
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Plat maps
Early maps
Manuscript maps
Property maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Property and Development
Manuscript Maps
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Subject - Name
Names of individuals associated with the item. Last name first.
For Maps: People represented on the map itself. In nearly every case, this field will be used when people are pictured on the map (several maps in this project are decorated with photographs or engravings in the margins). Use authorized versions of the name from the Library of Congress Name Authority File where possible.
Putnam, Gideon, 1763-1812. Landowner, Developer, Entrepreneur. Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Scott, James. Mapmaker. Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
J. S. Mott & Son
Civil Engineers
Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/2/2014
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of a number of building lots & buildings near the Congress Spring in the county of Saratoga : being the property of Gideon Putnam as the same was surveyed in April 1810 per James Scott
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
POLYGON((-8214255.0817231 5324353.4313203,-8214415.1217511 5324057.2378358,-8213665.0834111 5323818.3721224,-8213559.9824972525 5324312.824149039,-8213989.940781266 5324336.710720396,-8214255.0817231 5324353.4313203))|15|-8213989.9407813|5324114.5656070|osm
Description
An account of the resource
Three versions of this 1810 plat, one of the earliest of Saratoga Springs, show founder Gideon Putnam’s properties shortly before his death, mapping out Saratoga Springs’ transition from rural land to urban settlement. Putnam and his wife Doanda settled in the area 1789. This 20th century copy includes sketches of original buildings.
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/919b211cb5f4f8a75f590732ceabc7d1.jpeg
9badfc2c1145556485041c66258692f2
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Description
An account of the resource
Photo courtesy of <a title="Michael McCabe" href="http://michaelmccabe.com/">Michael McCabe</a>
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/290d1e2947d6d835fdadaa4879df2249.jpg
d60b801e0c5d01ff3c29919201ef3bd2
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Saratoga County Historian's Office (Saratoga County, N.Y.)
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1825
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1825
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1810
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1810
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Jordana Dym
Allie Smith
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Aerial views
Property maps
Related Maps
There will be many cases where multiple maps are in effect only slight variations on a single original. If we are certain, or even pretty sure, that one map is just a slightly altered version of another,the related versions should be listed here.
This is an 1825 copy of the 1810 Scott map, with the same title and several additions/modifications, It is in the Saratoga Springs County Historian's Office. A 20th century illustrated copy, is in the Saratoga City Historian's office, and an elegant, colored ms. is in the NY State Library.
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
The original Scott map is both foundational and influential. It inspired at least two later versions, all of them manuscript (hand-drawn): this 1825 copy, drawn by G.G. Scott, son of the original surveyor and held by Saratoga County. Since the map is cited in the 1826 charter incorporating Saratoga Springs, perhaps G.G. Scott made it to help establish the corporation line.
This map, drawn to indicate the properties belonging to Gideon Putnam, served as a document to detail the inheritance of his heirs after his death. This map is particularly damaged and several tears have compromised the readability.
Road widths are indicated in some instances.
This copy is drawn by G.G. Scott, son of the original mapmaker, It includes pencil annotations suggesting later city planners or agents consulted this original as property ownership changed and the lot was further divided.
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
Property
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Property and Development
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Bath House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Boarding House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Compass rose
Congress Bath (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Meeting House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Property
School House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Subject - Name
Names of individuals associated with the item. Last name first.
For Maps: People represented on the map itself. In nearly every case, this field will be used when people are pictured on the map (several maps in this project are decorated with photographs or engravings in the margins). Use authorized versions of the name from the Library of Congress Name Authority File where possible.
Putnam, Gideon, 1763-1812. Landowner, Developer, Entrepreneur. Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
5/27/2014
2/9/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
A map of a number of building lots lying near the Congress [Spring] in the town of Saratoga Springs and county of Saratoga : [being] the property of the heirs of Gideon Putnam [deceased] as the same was surveyed in April 1810 by James Scott Surveyor
By G.G. Scott, Ballston
August, 1825
Subject
The topic of the resource
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Maps
Putnam, Gideon
Language
A language of the resource
English
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1825
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Scott, James
Description
An account of the resource
Three versions of this 1810 plat, one of the earliest of Saratoga Springs, show founder Gideon Putnam’s properties shortly before his death, mapping out Saratoga Springs’ transition from rural land to urban settlement. Putnam and his wife Doanda settled in the area 1789.
manuscript
plat
Putnam
springs
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Saratoga Springs History
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1706-
Map
Cartographic document
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Postcard
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
5/27/2014
6/9/2014
2/28/2015
Creator - Organization
Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map).
Saratoga Lions Club
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
(recto):
" Map prepared by Saratoga Lions Club'"
(verso):
Map of Colorful Attractions of Saratoga Springs, N.Y. Saratoga Springs, mecca for those who seek health and recreation, has many outstanding attractions. Plan to visit this World-Famous Resort."
Published by Walter M. Stroup, Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Tichnor Quality Views Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. Made only by Tichnor Bros., Inc., Boston, Mass. 70068
Place One Cent Stamp Here
Made in U.S.A.
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This 1940s pictorial postcard map by the Lions Club (local chapter est. 1925) introduces a new kind of twentieth-century mapmaker, the civic organization, in this case boosting their hometown as a tourist’s paradise. The postcard’s back tells its story: “Map of Colorful Attractions of Saratoga Springs N.Y. Saratoga Springs, mecca for those who seek health and recreation, has many outstanding attractions. Plan to visit this World-Famous resort.” The pocket-sized souvenir map echoes nineteenth-century pictorial maps (albeit in a smaller package), featuring people enjoying the city’s leisure activities from recreational sports to relaxing at the spa. The map also highlights new cultural and intellectual institutions, including Skidmore College, Yaddo, and Irish tenor Chauncey Olcott’s Inniscara cottage. By 1940, cars had become a popular means of transportation for visitors, and the map reflects the ability and desire to explore beyond the city; arrows point the way to distant sites, including Albany and the Saratoga Battlefield. <br /><br />This postcard was printed by the Tichnor Brothers company of Cambridge, MA, which created thousands of postcards, mostly of U.S. vacation destinations, in the 1930s and 1940s. Take some time to browse the <a title="Boston Public Library, Tichnor Postcards" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/boston_public_library/collections/72157624096090138/">Boston Public Library collection of Tichnor postcards on Flickr</a>. There are over 100 postcards of<a title="Boston Public Library, Tichnor Postcards, Saratoga Springs" href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?q=saratoga%20springs%20tichnor"> Saratoga Springs, with emphasis on the racetrack, recreation (from skiing to golf), Saratoga Spa State Park, churches, libraries, private residences and downtown hotels.</a>
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Private Collection
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Pictorial maps
Mental maps
Color maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Travel and Tourism
Recreation
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Saratoga Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Lake Lonely (N.Y. : Lake)
Loughberry Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
ca. 1940
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
ca. 1940
Related Maps
There will be many cases where multiple maps are in effect only slight variations on a single original. If we are certain, or even pretty sure, that one map is just a slightly altered version of another,the related versions should be listed here.
A similar map, on a yellow background, was also prepared for a Lions Club brochure. This map and brochure can be seen at the Saratoga Maps digital collection at Skidmore College Library, <a title="Saratoga Springs: America's Greatest Spa" href="http://cdm15968.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15968coll2/id/23/rec/17">Saratoga Springs: America's Greatest Spa</a>.
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Downtown--Businesses
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Broadway
High Rock Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
City Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Golf Club (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Loughberry Lake (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Park (N.Y.)
Post Office (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Racecourse (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
United States Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Grand Union Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Hospital (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Spa State Park (N.Y.)
Experimental Fur Farm (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Inniscarra (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Skidmore College (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Convention Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Yaddo (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Lake Lonely (N.Y. : Lake)
Inconography--driving
Iconography--golf
Iconography--swimming
Iconography--mineral springs
Iconography--race track
Compass Rose
Saratoga Drink Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Hayes Well (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.) [City Park]
Subject - Organization
Names of individuals associated with the item. Please put "Tje" at the end:
University of Chicago Press, The
The Saratoga Springs Lions Club (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Jordana Dym
Allie Smith
Allie Amith
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
POLYGON((-8214381.6805514 5325203.7932596,-8214381.6805514 5319547.4531673,-8206355.792582546 5318400.897743216,-8210101.206968 5326235.6931413,-8211056.6698215 5326044.6005706,-8214381.6805514 5325203.7932596))|12|-8210368.7365669|5322318.2954422|osm
20th century
automobile
boosterism
car
caricature
civic life
clubs
color map
humor
parks
postcard
recreation
Skidmore College
tourism
travel
-
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PDF Text
Text
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1978
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1978
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
Front page photograph ca. 1870
Guidebook ca. 1978
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Jordana Dym
Allie Smith
Allie Smith
Related Item
If the item is a part of a book or a manuscript or archival collection, that should be noted here. Think of this field as the "parent item" or "parent collection". Entries in this field should generally be written as full citations.
The Saratoga Downtown Map and Guide
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
"Middle Left of Map: '*Note: Page numbers refer to feature ads in main booklet.'"
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
Recto: Front of map depicts street-level views of Broadway in Saratoga Springs, N.Y. including architectural drawings of buildings, business names and placement as well as corresponding page numbers to those businesses. (i.e. Owl Real Estate of Saratoga, 339 Broadway, Pg. 9) Map also depicts some of the foliage in the area of Broadway at the time. Includes directions to free parking spaces.
Broadway from Spring Street to Caroline Street.
Verso: Back of map also depicts a front view of Broadway in Saratoga Springs, N.Y. This part of Broadway is located to the North of the previous view of Broadway. Includes business names and locations based on the outline of the building. Includes foliage as well.
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library
Private Collection
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Owl Real Estate of Saratoga (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)The Shoppe (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Barclay's (N.Y.)
Patricia's (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
The Clothes Horse (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Les Frankel Jewelers (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
C'est Cheese (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Downtowner Motel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
The Sewing Room (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Image (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Lillian's Steak House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Iconography--gazebo
Saratoga Men's Shop (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Travel Bureau (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Dayspring Gallery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Mrs. London's Bake Shop (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Stitchin Post (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Iconography--tree
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Broadway
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Downtown--Businesses
Soave Faire (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
McGirr Specialty Shop (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Sound (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Mountain Book Co. (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Mabou (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
The Adirondack Trust Co. (N.Y.)
City Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Post Office (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Farmer's Hardware (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
The Mane Event (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
The Old Firehouse Restaurant (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Transportation--parking
Gold Lion Restaurant & Cocktail Lounge (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Gaffney's Off Broadway Dining Saloon (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Rodney Peters (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Tin & Lint, Co. (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
E.H. Holland (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
The Photo House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Sage's Casa 13 (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Chez Sophie (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
Neighborhood/District
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Pictorial maps
Tourist maps
Index maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Property and Development
Travel and Tourism
Recreation
Subject - Name
Names of individuals associated with the item. Last name first.
For Maps: People represented on the map itself. In nearly every case, this field will be used when people are pictured on the map (several maps in this project are decorated with photographs or engravings in the margins). Use authorized versions of the name from the Library of Congress Name Authority File where possible.
Bolster, George S., -1989. Saratoga Springs
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
High Rock Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Deer Park Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Larry Craven
Creator - Organization
Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map).
Saratoga Downtown Association, Saratoga County Chamber of Commerce
Subject - Organization
Names of individuals associated with the item. Please put "Tje" at the end:
University of Chicago Press, The
Saratoga County Chamber of Commerce
Saratoga Downtown Association (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
5/27/2014
6/9/2014
2/28/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Saratoga Downtown Map & Guide
20th century
architecture
Broadway
business
commerce
map
pictorial
plan
stores
tourism
urban history
-
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Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Photograph
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Jordana Dym
Allie Smith
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Downtown--Businesses
W.A. Guernsey & Co, Paper, Frames. (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
J.S. Mott & Son (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Profession--Civil Engineer
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Broadway
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1/27/1903
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
A photograph of 466 and 468 Broadway, with storefronts of J.S. Mott & Son, Civil Engineers, and W.A. Guernsey & Co, Paper, Frames. Can also see part of 470 Broadway, which sells wallpaper and window shades
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Subject - Name
Names of individuals associated with the item. Last name first.
For Maps: People represented on the map itself. In nearly every case, this field will be used when people are pictured on the map (several maps in this project are decorated with photographs or engravings in the margins). Use authorized versions of the name from the Library of Congress Name Authority File where possible.
Mott, Samuel J.
Mott, Jesse S. Civil Engineer (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
5/31/2014
6/10/2014
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
466 and 468 Broadway, Saratoga Springs, 1903
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
1/27/1903
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
POINT(-8213698.5246109 5324642.4588332)|18|-8213693.7472966|5324631.7098761|osm
20th century
Broadway
business
civil engineer
downtown
Mott
picture
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/c475ded80275057ba5530fdf80e7554e.PDF
2f6d1769ab84c372b95ce4b07f8c8b29
PDF Text
Text
li-;q
'l '?+9'
fal-,'. {4*'r''-,
Samuel J. Mott, Saratoga
Engineersiirce 1893, Deacl
CureerEn"ds
Samuel
J.
Mot
city engineer,
*tlr""'""tttt""t'
ins profession uPstate, died last
niEirt at the Saratoga HosPital
after a brief illness.
Mr. Mott was village engineer
with his father, the late Jesso S.
Mott, from 1893 until his father's
death in 1913, when he continued
as village engineer and became
city engineer at the tlme the pres-
|1
,
"
J
iProminent Enginegr
ir
I
, Samuel J. Mott Blilt Hydro-ElecfricI
'
Plsnt ffiffian
ManufacI
j
i
turing c'r4pany.
I eni charter was adoPted.in 1916.
In recent Years he had also been
in charge of the citY WPA Projects.
Born In Dcan's Corners
IIe was born in Dean's Corners
Feb. 22, 1869. He rvas educated st
Yates Saratoga Institute in North
Broadway, this city, and received
his engineering tlaining in appren,ticeship to his father, who rvas
II'
the late L
associated with
Cramer in the flrm of Cramer &
Mott. Upon the withdrawal of Mr.
'Cramer
in 1892 Samuel J. Mott
'became bis father's
Partner in the
ffrm of J. S' Mott & Son.
' As
and constructiolt
designer
engineer Mr. yott was connectecl
\yith many pi"ojects in lilorthern
Nerv York over a long term of
years. In 1892 he built the Sara'
He
rnac and Lake Placid Bailroad.
designed and constructed the Corinth sewage system and treatment
rplant. in 1904 and rvas in charge
ro! the constl'uction of the Saratoga
disPosal
sewage
Plant
Spfings
under Snow & Barbour in 1902.
IIe was resident representative of
,Nicholas S. tIill, consulting engineer, during the construction of
the modern waterworks sY6te6 ilr
thi! cltY tn 1e36' t)^1
q Q
Surve]'ed Raccway VAI*'
'
Mr. Mott surveYed the grounds
and did a major Portion of the
and. engineering for
Llayout wolk
harness
Sarptog;a RacewaY
tle
'tfgck
bullt here two Years ego.
yearb ho had -been a
F6t'nrany
corriultant with.ofticials of the Sary
over
Association
Racing
atoga
at
track and engineeling )g,olli9t
the t'acecourse.
I 7
Y/r,
.
c
I over a long pef iod h0 \va.s- nSl\[anufaci neer for the American
I turin8 Co. at Victory Mills and
tl-J^171
a Not/, l+-S--rF
seliunr,
J. }IOTT
built the hydro-electlic plant there. I I
His advice was frequently sought l.
on engineering ploblems throughout Northern Nerv York, where his
integrity of chalacter and ability
as an engineer were widely recogn ized.
I{r. Mott was a }fason, and a
the
Plesbytilian
member
of
Chul'ch, tbe Old Guard AsspciatioB
of Company L and' the Tt'i-CountY
Chapter of the New York State
Society ef Prgfessional . Engineers.
I{e .b survived bv his wife and *
. -.^;
sister, Mlss. Cira- E.-NelL.
The funeral rvill .be.';!g_ldFetaurl
day at 2 p.m. at the late lesidence, | |
157 Spling St. The Rev.. Reuben lt
of
Saratoga
Samuel J. Mott,
''d'
Via"ty*tio*tfr'
engineer of
;Springsf
upper New York state, and a promi,nent figure in this vicinity over a
;long period when he acted as engineer
the - American Manufacturing
ifor
lcompany a't Victory Mills, died ThursI day night in the Saratoga hospital,
I
lf ollowing a brief ,illness. 'r.He was
I born in Deans Corners, February 22,
| 1869.
I Mr. Mott was a designer and cone;rgineer. He wae connectlstruction 'manf
led with
brajects in northern
I New York over & long term of years.
lHe built the Saranaq and I,ake Placid
I railroad, designed . and constructed
Ithe,Corinth sewage.system and treatlment plant, and was in charge of the
l.construction of thb Saratoga Springs
I sewage disposal plant in 1902.
I Mr. Mott sulveyed the grounds and
ldid a major por,tion.ofl the layout
I work and engineering for the SaraItoga Raceway harness track buil.t at
lblie Spa two years ago.
I As engineer for the Arnerican Manthe
I ufacturing company, he built
lhydro-electric plant. At bhe time of
lhis death, he was city engineer of
l Saratoga Springs.
I The funeral took place at the late
lresidence .in Saratoga'Springs Satlurday afternoon. Burial was in the
Greenrid8e cemetery.
I
I
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Allie Smith
Allie Smith
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
Obituaries dated:
10/29/1942
11/02/1942
The obituary of Samuel J. Mott as written in the Saratogian and another newspaper following his death. This article not only remembers Mott as a person but focus on his career as a prominent city engineer for Saratoga Springs (N.Y.).
Information includes some of Mott's projects during his career including part of the Saratoga Raceway, as well as personal information such as his father's name and profession as an engineer.
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Church-- Presbyterian
Saratoga Racecourse (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
American Manufacturing Company (Victory Mills, N.Y.)
Saratoga and Lake Placid R.R. (N.Y.)
Yates Saratoga Institute (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Downtown--Businesses
J.S. Mott & Son (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Greenridge Cemetery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
The Saratogian (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Victory Mills (N.Y.)
Subject - Name
Names of individuals associated with the item. Last name first.
For Maps: People represented on the map itself. In nearly every case, this field will be used when people are pictured on the map (several maps in this project are decorated with photographs or engravings in the margins). Use authorized versions of the name from the Library of Congress Name Authority File where possible.
Hill, Nicholas S. Consulting engineer. Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Mott, Samuel J.
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Civic Life
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
The City Archives (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Related Maps
There will be many cases where multiple maps are in effect only slight variations on a single original. If we are certain, or even pretty sure, that one map is just a slightly altered version of another,the related versions should be listed here.
Item 64
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Newspaper article
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/9/2014
2/28/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Obituaries of Samuel J. Mott
Subject
The topic of the resource
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Business--Development
Mott, Samuel J. -- Obituary
Civil Engineer
Description
An account of the resource
Obituaries for Samuel J. Mott published in the Saratogian and another newspaper 10/29 and 11/2/1942
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1942
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Newspaper
Language
A language of the resource
English
20th century
city government
city planning
civil engineer
mapmaking
Mott
obituary
Saratogian
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/5a744830a82d7a1567c6d0fac05aa766.jpg
7f322d5ab132a5d911e2291caffd3c45
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Organization
Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map).
Saratoga Estates, Inc.
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
New York, N.Y.
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1928
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1928
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This map depicts the Town of Saratoga, the City of Saratoga Springs and the planned Saratoga Court housing development, in relation to the surrounding natural (geysers, lakes, creeks) and urban (railroads) landscape.
Note: references the dimensions of Saratoga Lake as follows: 9 miles long and 2 miles wide.
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Property maps
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Saratoga Racecourse (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Spa State Park (N.Y.)
Yaddo (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation (D &H, R.R.)
Saratoga Court (Saratoga, N.Y.)
Geyser Park (Saratoga, N.Y.)
Lincoln Park (Saratoga, N.Y.)
N.Y. State Reservation (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Lincoln Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Hudson Valley R.R. (N.Y.)
Polo Field (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
N.Y.S. Forest Nursery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.) (formerly Tree Nursery)
Saratoga Golf Links (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Deirdre Schiff
Allie Smith
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Morris, H.A.
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Property and Development
Environment and Conservation
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Kayaderosseras Creek (Saratoga County, N.Y.)
Saratoga (N.Y.)
Saratoga County (N.Y.)
Saratoga Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Lake Lonely (N.Y. : Lake)
Adirondack Mountains (N.Y. : Mountain Range)
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1928
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1928
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
Saratoga Estates, Inc.
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
C1F 54850
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/1/2014
3/12/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Saratoga Court, Saratoga Springs, N.Y. owned by Saratoga Estates, Inc. 347 Fifth Ave., New York City
development
environment
housing
parks
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/e570f904f38ffa5c0bc2e6f0d477bbdf.jpg
0a75ef33dc90fbbb77c5bd5a12f38bde
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/99cb22f3931b6a8f45ed76c08831a439.png
84a5ca256ddbe9bb255a1504f736f5c5
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Mott, Samuel J.
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
Lester Brothers, Inc., Real Estate Brokers
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1937
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
January 7, 1937
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1937
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
Bottom of map:
1- Drink Hall
2- Washington Baths
3- Lincoln Baths
4- To Geyser Park and New Development
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This map served as a principal perspective used by mapmakers for many years after its publication, and was revised for several years by Samuel J. Mott, city engineer, to depict the changes of the city over time.
The map demonstrates the city limits, streets, and major landmarks such as the United States and Grand Union Hotels, as well as including every day locations like the Post Office and Saratoga National Bank.
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Church-- Catholic
Church-- Baptist
Church-- Methodist
Church-- Episcopal
Church-- Presbyterian
Masonic Temple (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Hospital (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Racecourse (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Broadway
Saratoga Springs Public Schools (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Public works (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)-- water works, water supply
Canfield Casino (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Adirondack Trust Co. (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation (D &H, R.R.)
Convention Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Skidmore College (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Boston and Maine Railroad (B&M Railroad)
Transportation--trolley station
Saratoga National Bank (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
United States Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Grand Union Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Post Office (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Compass Rose
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Corporation Line
Washington Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Lincoln Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Drink Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Racing Association
Greenridge Cemetery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Deirdre Schiff
Allie Smith
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
City Plan
Outline maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Infrastructure and Communication
Transportation
Property and Development
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
High Rock Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Loughberry Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/1/2014
3/12/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of the city of Saratoga Springs N.Y.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
POLYGON((-8217320.3697529 5321066.7179422,-8215868.0662157 5330315.5983634,-8207192.4635066 5329513.0095665,-8209829.540982 5320149.4736029,-8212390.1814292 5320531.6587442,-8213651.3923958 5320722.7513149,-8213727.829424 5320722.7513149,-8217320.3697529 5321066.7179422))|0|0.0000000|0.0000000|osm
churches
lakes
parks
religion
transportation
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/a13f0a080f32a0164e1e90cf4d0b9aad.jpg
0d7b9ac9c52804cb92bf766ef3601bce
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Burr, David H.
Creator - Organization
Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map).
Rawdon, Clark & Co.
Rawdon, Wright & Co.
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
Surveyor General
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
David Rumsey Map Collection
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1829
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1829
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
"Bottom left of map: 'Entered according to Act of Congress Jan[uary] 5th, 1829 by David H. Burr of the State of New York'"
"Bottom right of map: 'Eng[raved] by Rawdon, Clark & Co. Albany & Rawdon, Wright & Co. N. York'"
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This colored map depicts Saratoga County in 1829 as it was presented to the U.S. Congress. The map details town lines, allotments, and city locations as well as a number of water ways, lakes, roads, churches, and industry buildings. A key at the bottom of the map explains marks indicating sites such as town lines, stage roads, county roads, villages, flouring mills, factories, forges, saw mills, and churches. Latitude and longitude are provided on the map's edges with longitude being referred to as "Longitude East from Washington." Saratoga Springs come from the Fifteenth (entire) and Sixteenth (lots 9-13) allotments.
Saratoga Springs' surrounding towns include, Saratoga, Ballstown [today Ballston], Malta, Wilton, Milton, Greenfield, Providence etc.
From the David Rumsey site, "This atlas is the second atlas published in the 19th century of one of the individual states in the U.S., preceded only by Mill's Atlas of South Carolina, issued in 1825, and followed closely, also in 1829, by Greenleaf's Atlas of the State of Maine (Ristow, p96)."
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Early maps
Color maps
County maps
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
County
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Deirdre Schiff
Allie Smith
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
County Maps
Transportation
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Kayaderosseras Creek (Saratoga County, N.Y.)
Saratoga (N.Y.)
Saratoga County (N.Y.)
Saratoga Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Mohawk River (N.Y.)
Erie Canal (N.Y.)
Hudson River (N.Y.)
Rotund Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Long Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Sacandaga River (N.Y.)
Owl Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1829
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1829
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Roads
Saratoga County (New York)--Landowners
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
Albany, NY and New York, NY
URL
<a href="http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~20022~510018">David Rumsey Collection</a>
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
48 x 33 cm
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
1:151,000
Related Maps
There will be many cases where multiple maps are in effect only slight variations on a single original. If we are certain, or even pretty sure, that one map is just a slightly altered version of another,the related versions should be listed here.
1840 edition
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/1/2014
3/12/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of the County of Saratoga
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
David H. Burr, <em>An atlas of the State of New York, containing a map of the State and of the several counties ... under the superintendance & direction of Simeon DeWitt, Surveyor General, pursuant to an Act of the Legislature, and also the physical geography of the State & of the several counties & statistical tables of the same</em>, by David H. Burr. New York, published by David H. Burr. 1829. Engravd. by Rawdon, Clark & Co. Albany & Rawdon, Wright & Co., New York.
canals
color map
county
lakes
rivers
topography
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https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/35662cb5e3c9c2dbaf5d6c55d6ed2790.jpg
46c2aba47bba12341ebc3bc2acb0580a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
Bernard Brunner
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
Saratoga, N.Y.
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
15.5 (in?) x 17.75 (in?)
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1898
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This maps depicts 1898 Saratoga Springs at the turn of a century. It includes an index at the bottom right, which lists businesses, residences, government buildings, and religious buildings, amongst others. Drawn into the map are the town lines (East, South, and West) and the corporation lines.
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
City Plan
Outline maps
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
American Adelphi Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Cemetery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Church-- Baptist
Church-- Presbyterian
Church-- Catholic
Church-- Congregational
Church-- Congressional Methodist
Church-- Episcopal
Church-- Methodist
Church-- Zion M.E.
Clarendon Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Columbian Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Commercial Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Compass Rose
Congress Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Convention Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
D & H Freight House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation (D &H, R.R.)
Dr. Strong's Sanitarium (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Excelsior Spring Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Fitchburg R.R. (N.Y.)
Grand Union Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Greenridge Cemet[e]ry (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Huestis Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Kensington Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Mt. McGregor R.R. (N.Y.)
Mt. McGregor R.R. Station (N.Y.)
Pumping station
Saratoga Golf Links (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Corporation Line
Saratoga Traction Co. RR
Temple Grove Seminary (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Town Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
United States Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Windsor Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Woodlawn Oval (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Woodlawn Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Worden Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Yaddo (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
R (Zach) Mooring
Allie Smith
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Brunner, Bernard
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
Kodaks Eastman Kodaks best made and thoroughly reliable Kodaks and photo supplies at Brunner's News Room, 376 Broadway, Saratoga. Films and plates developed.
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Civic Life
Property and Development
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1898
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Champion Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Columbian Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Empire Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Eureka Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Excelsior Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Geyser Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Geyser Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Hathorn Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
High Rock Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Kissingen Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Lincoln Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Loughberry Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Patterson Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Peerless Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Red Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Royal Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Seltzer Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Star Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
\Vichy Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Victoria Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/2/2014
3/21/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/e422c829a8d5f4a6f5989b83eb814116.jpg
aefe25d5eaf077b695325821ac5e9391
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/cb497546a149c142cd41c53daa521c47.jpg
73f7574143ca7ab0d7ab7ddd2f489438
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Held Jr., John
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
Charlie Springs
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1976
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
[1926-1976]
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
"Top of Map: 'One of the charms of a map like this is that nothing is anywhere.'"
"Top right side of Map: 'The scale is nobody's business; near correct.'"
"Middle right of Map: 'There is a difference of opinion as to where north is- not that it matters.' 'This locality has something to do with horses.'"
"Middle of Map: 'Mayor Knapp, Walker's Saratoga Rival- A Great help with this map.'"
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
John Held Jr., a well-known Connecticut illustrator originally drew this lively mental map of Saratoga Springs in 1926. In 1976, "Charlie Springs" (a suspiciously apt name) published it. Hence the dual chronology: although this version is from the 1970s, its content is 50 years older.
Held Jr.’s map offers an amusing (lack of) geography of the Spa City, bottling its essence in three main themes: humor, geography, and history. Not all humor seems funny today; Held reveals his racism in the alcohol bottles littering the map that are labeled “Indian Relic[s].”
Held plays with mapping conventions, offering a useless scale and track marks for made-up railroads. Also, “Unexplored,” “Unknown Regions,” and “Unknown Parts” describe spaces beyond the city center. Such labeling of “terra incognita” was common in the age when mapmakers collected information from intrepid travelers to fill in the blanks on their world maps. Here, however, Held hints that tourists might not leave downtown, winking at fellow visitors.
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Manuscript maps
Mental maps
Pictorial maps
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
High Rock Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Racecourse (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Maps
Canfield Casino (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Yaddo (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Grand Union Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
United States Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
N.Y. State Reservation (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saraspa Manor (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Oklahoma Race Course (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Golf Club (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Polo Field (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Frank's Barber Shop (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
McGregor Golf Club (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Woodlawn Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Compass Rose
Saratoga Battlefield (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Bathing Beach (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Convention Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
City Casino (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Washington Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Lincoln Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Yearling Sales Ring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
N.Y. State Drink Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Allie Smith
Allie Smith
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Discovery and Exploration
Travel and Tourism
Manuscript Maps
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Saratoga (N.Y.)
Saratoga Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Lake Lonely (N.Y. : Lake)
Subject - Name
Names of individuals associated with the item. Last name first.
For Maps: People represented on the map itself. In nearly every case, this field will be used when people are pictured on the map (several maps in this project are decorated with photographs or engravings in the margins). Use authorized versions of the name from the Library of Congress Name Authority File where possible.
Knapp, Clarence H. Mayor of Saratoga Springs, N.Y. 1924-1927
Vanderbilt, W. K. (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Washington, George. First President of the United States.
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Saratoga County Historian's Office (Saratoga County, N.Y.)
Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1926
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
[Saratoga Springs]
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
14 x 19 ''
35.6 x 48.3 cm.
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
Flexible
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/2/2014
3/21/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Saratoga Springs, 1976, 1926 A Map by John Held, Jr, who wishes he had never started the idea
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Published by Charlie Spring
Language
A language of the resource
English
20th century
humor
pictorial
tourism
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/c1d377679f8543b153f1dc8862f2264e.jpg
d3e27f7322cc830e113177611549b449
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
Lester Brothers
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1887
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
July 16, 1887
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
ca. 1887
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
"Top right of Map: '18366'"
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
Map that depicts an overview of the city of Saratoga Springs and the surrounding areas. This includes rings of circles moving by one mile per ring. Also depicts water routes and geographical landmarks in the area (e.g. Saratoga Lake, Kayaderosseras Creek, Lake Lonely, Mt. Pleasant, etc.) Some railroad lines depicted.
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Yaddo (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Woodlawn Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Maps
Adirondack R.R. (N.Y.)
Snake Hill (Saratoga Springs,N.Y.)
Saratoga Battlefield (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Grove Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Orchard Lawn Grove (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Excelsior Springs (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Mt. McGregor R.R. (N.Y.)
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Allie Smith
Allie Smith
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
County
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Outline maps
Physical maps
County maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Travel and Tourism
County Maps
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Kayaderosseras Creek (Saratoga County, N.Y.)
Lake Lonely (N.Y. : Lake)
Round Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Lake Desolation (N.Y.: Lake)
Victory Mills (N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Saratoga Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Saratoga County (N.Y.)
Saratoga (N.Y.)
Loughberry Lake (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Hudson River (N.Y.)
Fish Creek (N.Y.: Creek)
Middle Grove (N.Y.)
Greenfield (N.Y.)
Ballston Lake (N.Y.: Lake)
Charlton (N.Y.)
Stillwater (N.Y.)
Wilton (N.Y.)
Malta (N.Y.)
Champlain Canal (N.Y.)
Quaker Springs (N.Y.)
Malta Ridge (N.Y.)
Porter Corners (N.Y.)
Mt. Pleasant (Saratoga County, N.Y.)
Milton (N.Y.)
Subject - Name
Names of individuals associated with the item. Last name first.
For Maps: People represented on the map itself. In nearly every case, this field will be used when people are pictured on the map (several maps in this project are decorated with photographs or engravings in the margins). Use authorized versions of the name from the Library of Congress Name Authority File where possible.
Hilton, Henry. Landowner. Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
1 Ring= 1 Mile
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/2/2014
3/21/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Drives in the Vicinity of Saratoga Springs published by the Lester Bros Real Estate Dealers Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
POLYGON((-8198635.6527268 5303228.1476308,-8191068.3869276205 5314999.449985059,-8188698.8390511 5329522.4853572,-8199858.645179135 5342516.780163847,-8209795.45885485 5342440.343135599,-8217744.90979542 5341140.913654957,-8232115.071111 5332121.3443185,-8226305.85696219 5293902.830181328,-8202151.7560274 5297571.8075385,-8200928.763575 5299559.1702736,-8198635.6527268 5303228.1476308))|10|-8209948.3329115|5317904.0570595|osm
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Organization
Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map).
Saratoga Springs Chamber of Commerce
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
Saratoga Springs Chamber of Commerce
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1950
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
ca. 1950s
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1950
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
ca. 1950s
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
"Bottom of map: 'For information on hotels, guest houses, and restaurants: Write for Chamber of Commerce List or Ask at Information Center' and 'Bus service provides easy access to all parts of the city.'"
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This color pictorial map is a fold-out brochure created by the Saratoga Springs Chamber of Commerce to serve tourists.
Recto:
The brochure titled "Visit Saratoga Springs: King of Resorts, Queen of Spas" promises "Recreation and Relaxation" in Saratoga. The top panels of the brochure detail some of the summer highlights of Saratoga Springs (eg. Saratoga Lake, horse racing, golf courses, spas, and historic sites). There is an inset map that details the modes of transport to access Saratoga Springs (by motor, rail, or air). The bottom half of the brochure outlines winter attractions in Saratoga (eg. skating, Skidmore College Winter Carnival, bowling etc.) as well as year-round activities (eg. ice fishing, baths, concerts, and dining). Black and white drawings accompany each activity/site outlined in the brochure.
Verso: This side of the brochure includes a colored map as well as a list of "points of interest." The map focuses on downtown Saratoga Springs and offers an outline of streets (not drawn to scale) and modes of transport to and from the city. Larger than life-size drawings depict iconography of Saratoga Springs (eg. golf course, race horses, colonial solider from the Battle of Saratoga 1777, boating on Saratoga Lake, and mineral springs). The points of interest key (that uses numbers to mark important sites) offer brief explanations of the attractions/activities of Saratoga during the summer as well as offer information about the public or private accessibility of the attraction.
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Pictorial maps
Tourist maps
Color maps
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Bathing Beach (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Boston and Maine Railroad
Canfield Casino (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Convention Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation
Grand Union Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Iconography--mineral springs
Iconography--race track
Iconography--horse
McGregor Golf Club (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Petrified Gardens (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Battlefield (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Golf Club (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga National Historical Park (N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Broadway
Saratoga Springs Public Schools (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Skidmore College
Yaddo (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Transportation--airport
Transportation--railroad
Transportation--highways
N.Y.S. Forest Nursery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.) (formerly Tree Nursery)
Saratoga Springs Chamber of Commerce
Saratoga Racing Association
Inniscarra (Chauncey Olcott Cottage) (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Ash Grove Farms (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
U.S. Government Fur Animal Experimental Station (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Spa State Park (N.Y.)
Geyser Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs Public Library (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Lincoln Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Recreation
Washington Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Broadway Drink Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Post office (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Theatre (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Iroquois Indians
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Deirdre. Schiff
Allie Smith
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Travel and Tourism
Recreation
Transportation
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Hathorn Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
High Rock Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Lake Lonely (N.Y. : Lake)
Loughberry Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Saratoga County (N.Y.)
Saratoga Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/1/2014
3/21/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Visit Saratoga Springs, King of Resorts, Queen of Spas
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1950s
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Saratoga Springs Chamber of Commerce
Language
A language of the resource
english
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Saratoga Springs Chamber of Commerce
business
color map
nature
parks
race tracl
railroads
recreation
schools
transportation
-
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2c65e49cdcbc9042e686e61150711e69
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1870
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
ca. 1870
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
Top Middle text reads: 32
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This map depicts the Union Hotel in approximately 1870, providing the names and usage of certain buildings and rooms, such as the Grand Hotel stables and piazzas. The map also includes nearby streets such as Broadway, Congress Street, and Federal Street.
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Broadway (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Union Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Grand Union Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
R (Zach) Mooring
Allie Smith
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1870
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
ca. 1870
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
Property
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Property maps
Site plans
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
The City Archives (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Property and Development
Travel and Tourism
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/2/2014
3/23/2014
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
"Map of Hotel Union Property Saratoga Springs"
-
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27bc3d1a3fa6b09c33824e04ad8a63df
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
Vatalie, N.Y. :
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1890
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1890
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1890
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1890
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This map is a detail of the upper right corner of a county map of Saratoga. as it was is 1890. It does not focus on specific properties, but rather places cities and It depicts the roads and train routes that run through the county.
Numbers refer to the farmers listed in the directory of which the map was originally a part.
Advertisers include the Albany Business College and A.E. Carroll Real Estate and Loan Office at 5 Division St., Saratoga Springs, N.Y., and Att'y & Counselor at Law"
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
R Mooring
Jordana Dym
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Transportation--highways
Transportation--railroad
Saratoga County (N.Y.) -- Directories.
Saratoga County (N.Y.) -- Maps.
Saratoga County (N.Y.) -- Agriculture.
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Highway map
Railroad map
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Saratoga County Historian's Office (Saratoga County, N.Y.)
Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
County
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Cities and Towns
County Maps
Transportation
Infrastructure and Communication
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
New York (State) -- Saratoga County.
Corinth (N.Y.)
Hadley (N.Y.)
Luzerne (N.Y.)
Moreau (N.Y.)
Palmer (N.Y.)
Wilton (N.Y.)
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Burr, David
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/3/2014
3/28/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of Saratoga County New York 1890
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
||||osm
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1890
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Farmers' pocket directory and map of Saratoga County, N.Y., 1890: including the names of subscribers and advertisers.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Lant & Silvernail
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Burr, David
color map
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/d1bc4083ac5cbef7a60e23b6d0741f95.jpg
227552f3678857eaf1f43e13a703e4e6
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/46f9e77e67cc82a098ab9af7c433da0b.jpeg
8da2ad949d7f049892fa979424a67413
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The proposed park to be created from the existing valley of the springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1894
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Souvenir of Floral Festival No. 1
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Albany Engraving Co.
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Smith, Franklin W. (Webster)
Albany Engraving Co.
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/89f92decf89d58c7b1e7eee59b2e5518.jpg
e6bb7827db14720d2918ffca2eb79ea1
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Plan of Proposed Park, Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1894
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Souvenir of Floral Festival No. 1
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Smith, Franklin W. (Webster)
Cramer, Louis H.
Eldridge, Thomas
Cramer and Eldridge, civil engineers
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/e434806efeca171478d5eba93d8c8cf3.jpg
0c454b4ec8eede8e614c3b42482d6ef9
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/0a8aa74e817f6b5efef141aeb6aaef7a.jpg
d63c69ac4b04c7b94bb2188bd7725cd1
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Allie Smith
Allie Smith
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Smith, Franklin W.
Cramer, Louis H.
Eldridge, Thomas
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
Future
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
[1894]
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
"Bottom left of map: 'Apartments on Broadway and Park with Roof Garden and Elevated Views. Terrace for Restaurants &e. &c.'"
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Bird's-eye views
Color maps
Mental maps
Pictorial maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Property and Development
Travel and Tourism
Civic Life
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
Albany Engraving Co. Def.
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This pictorial view and plan depict Franklin W. Smith's vision of Saratoga Springs in the late nineteenth century. The pictorial map illustrates buildings thought up by F. W. Smith in 1894 for a renovated and renewed future of Broadway and Saratoga Springs. It includes an index of planned buildings including 'Public Spring,' 'Chinese Restaurant,' 'Garden Concert Pavilion,' 'Playstead,' 'Monkey House,' 'Sand Court,' 'Moorish Restaurant,' 'Museum Aquarium,' 'Tennis Court,' 'Public Library,' and an 'Archery Court.'
While Smith designed (des.) both maps, the pictorial view was brought to life by the Albany Engraving Company, whereas the plan was the work of village surveyors and civil engineers Louis H. Cramer and Thomas Eldridge
This is the first time that a planning map includes a plan for a Public Library in Saratoga.
The view is colored and uses foliage to create a vision of Saratoga that could be applied in the future.
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library
The Saratoga Springs History Museum (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Special Collections and Archives, Lucy Scribner Library, Skidmore College (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Broadway
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Downtown--Businesses
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Fiction
Saratoga Springs--Mental Map-- Business
Saratoga Springs--Mental Map-- Drawings
Creator - Organization
Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map).
Albany Engraving Co.
Subject - Name
Names of individuals associated with the item. Last name first.
For Maps: People represented on the map itself. In nearly every case, this field will be used when people are pictured on the map (several maps in this project are decorated with photographs or engravings in the margins). Use authorized versions of the name from the Library of Congress Name Authority File where possible.
Franklin W. Smith
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/11/2014
3/23/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Souvenir Floral Festival Sept 4th 1894 (No. 1) at Saratoga Springs & Prospectus of A Greater Saratoga with Views and Plans of Proposed Park,
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1894
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
The Daily Saratogian
Description
An account of the resource
In 1893, wealthy Boston merchant Franklin Webster Smith, a regular summer resident of Saratoga Springs, established The Floral Festival Association of Saratoga Springs as part of his vision for "a greater Saratoga." Attempting to counter Saratoga's popular image as a haven of vice and gambling, Smith urged a number of civic improvments as well as public events including the annual grand floral fête, featuring a parade and ball, inaugurated in September of 1894. The festival became a popular annual event extending its reach to include a literary and historical conference (added in 1895). By 1902, however, the event became too expensive, and after that fall's festival (which featured 20 huge floats purchased directly from the Mardi Gras in New Orleans and shipped to Saratoga by rail) the floral festivals were discontinued. (cf. Jeff Durstewitz and Teri Blasko "Floral Fete", Saratoga Living Magazine, Vol. 15, No. 2, Summer 2013). <br /><br />This supplement to the Daily Saratogian both celebrated the first festival and planned for its future. Click <a title="Digital Collections, SSPL, Floral Fete 1894 Program" href="http://cdm16694.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/sspl/id/105/rec/1">here</a> for an image from the program of the first fete.
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
9 x 12 ''
Park : 7.5 x 5.25''
Plan: 7.75 x 4.5 ''
19th century
Broadway
business
civic life
development
Floral Fete
illustration
map
parks
pictorial
plan
restaurants
tourism
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/644530cfc267c55700a585bb9cbc4314.jpg
8ce8c31e53bbb21257d8b7ecdc71d549
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
Nineteenth-century Americans moved increasingly into cities. At the same time, lithography revolutionized printing and mapmakers realized that they could profit by turning city plans into decorative wall hangings. By 1848, Saratoga Springs had attracted an outside, city-boosting mapmaker. Surveyor, lithographer and printer John Bevan’s 1848 map features a familiar-looking city center. If read closely, this detailed map reveals the who, what, where, and why of the city’s growth.
A list of map subscribers displaying personal and civic pride (on the right) includes prominent town residents like the Putnam family and Chancellor Reuben Hyde Walworth. Building outlines and footprints show the increase in businesses and attractions, such as the United States Hotel, Congress Hall, mineral springs, and the Saratoga & Schenectady Railroad. The eye follows the town’s growth up Broadway, tracking the line of mineral springs anchored at High Rock to the north and Congress Spring to the south, mapping both spatial development and the reason for it.
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
ca 1848
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Bevan, John
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
(Zach)R. Mooring
Jordana Dym
Emily Sloan
Allie Smith
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Church-- Baptist
Church-- Catholic
Church-- Episcopal
Church-- Methodist
Church-- Presbyterian
Circular Railroad (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga and Washington Railroad
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
City Plan
Property maps
Road maps
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
Jersey City, NJ and New York City, NY
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
Top Left: " Ca 1848"
Bottom Right: "21"
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
John Bevan
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1848
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
ca 1848
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1848
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
The Saratoga Springs History Museum (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Civic Life
Property and Development
Transportation
Subject - Name
Names of individuals associated with the item. Last name first.
For Maps: People represented on the map itself. In nearly every case, this field will be used when people are pictured on the map (several maps in this project are decorated with photographs or engravings in the margins). Use authorized versions of the name from the Library of Congress Name Authority File where possible.
Clarke
Walton
Putnam
Livingston
Hamilton
Reference
If an item is described in any standard bibliographies., we'll note both the title and the number. Articles and relevant books that reference the map should also be listed here.
Boston Rare Maps located only four examples in institutional collections. >References OCLC #606022877 (British Library) and #46859539 (Library of Congress, Penn State, Capital District Library-New York).
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
37.5”h x 27.75”w plus margins (Boston Rare Maps)
73 x 62 cm (LOC)
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
400 feet to the inch
URL
LOC copy is <a href="http://www.loc.gov/item/2001620479/">digitized</a>.<br /><br />Additional information on the map available at Boston Rare Maps. The first published map of Saratoga Springs, and a considerable rarity. - See more description & a zoomable color copy of the at <a href="http://www.bostonraremaps.com/catalogues/BRM1627.HTM">Boston Rare Maps</a>, which sold a copy. Not only does it depict the city’s topographical features, street plan, and rail lines, but it also includes property boundaries and the footprints of individual buildings. The many springs and bathhouses that drove the town’s economy are shown in some detail, including in many places the canals and channels used to move the healing waters from their source to the paying customers. Also shown are the many grand hotels built to house visitors, including the enormous United States and Grand Union Hotels on the west side of Broadway. The race course for which the town is now famous was built along Congress Street in 1863, on a parcel just southeast of the area shown on the map. The visual appeal of the map is enhanced by a fine lithographic vignette of the Empire Springs establishment, an ornate compass rose, and a finely-wrought foliate border. A list at left identifies more than 100 individuals and firms who paid subscriptions to help fund the map’s production. According to OCLC John Bevan published dozens of separately-issued town maps between 1850 and 1860, mostly for towns in New York, but also in Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Ohio and Pennsylvania. Though the Saratoga Springs map is undated, the layout and the known dates of Bevan’s other maps strongly suggest an early-mid 1850s date of publication. Most Bevan maps are extremely rare, with OCLC recording but one or two institutional holdings for each and Antique Map Price Record listing none at all offered for sale in the past quarter century. http://www.bostonraremaps.com/catalogues/BRM1627.HTM
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Columbian Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Empire Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Flat Rock Springs (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Hamilton Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
High Rock Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Iodine Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Washington Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/3/2014
6/21/2014
3/26/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of Saratoga Springs Saratoga Co. New York
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1848
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
John Bevan, City Surveyor, Jersey City, New York
Description
An account of the resource
Shows Saratoga Springs, including corporation lines. Map included many businesses, civic institutions, and personal properties. Subscribers are listed on the right side.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
John Bevan
Subject
The topic of the resource
Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Subscribers listed on map
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Map
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Nineteenth-century Americans moved increasingly into cities. At the same time, lithography revolutionized printing and mapmakers realized that they could profit by turning city plans into decorative wall hangings. By 1848, Saratoga Springs had attracted an outside, city-boosting mapmaker. Surveyor, lithographer and printer John Bevan’s 1848 map features a familiar-looking city center. If read closely, this detailed map reveals the who, what, where, and why of the city’s growth.
A list of map subscribers displaying personal and civic pride (on the right) includes prominent town residents like the Putnam family and Chancellor Reuben Hyde Walworth. Building outlines and footprints show the increase in businesses and attractions, such as the United States Hotel, Congress Hall, mineral springs, and the Saratoga & Schenectady Railroad. The eye follows the town’s growth up Broadway, tracking the line of mineral springs anchored at High Rock to the north and Congress Spring to the south, mapping both spatial development and the reason for it.
Bibliographic Citation
A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible.
“Map of Saratoga Springs Saratoga Co. New York,” Skidmore Saratoga Memory Project, accessed March 23, 2015, http://ssmp.skidmore.edu/items/show/27.
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1848
Rights Holder
A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.
The Saratoga Springs History Museum (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
19th century
churches
color map
Corporation Line
railroad
schools
springs
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Gigapan photos of Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2012
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
A collection of Gigapan photos of Saratoga Springs & Skidmore College, taken by LP Cooper and Alex Chaucer. Full Collections at <a title="LP Cooper Gigapans" href="http://gigapan.com/profiles/LPCooper">http://gigapan.com/profiles/LPCooper</a>
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/9c16f7ad7666122fe30d242a9e0f8285.tif
9985195bf245037a70ef663a42437b43
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/bb8c55ff66efceeb7bd622d0fded8432.jpg
19d26fe80e5a253d788d032f8ceaf15d
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
URL
<a title="Saratoga, 1846, watercolor" href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2004676837/">Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2004676837/</a>
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Health resorts--New York (State)--Saratoga Springs--1840-1850.
Hotels--New York (State)--Saratoga Springs--1840-1850.
Pavilions--New York (State)--Saratoga Springs--1840-1850.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--1840-1850.
Landscape drawings--1840-1850
Watercolors--1840-1850.
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Jordana Dym
Allie Smith
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
July 20, 1846
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
7/20/1846
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Watercolor Painting
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
A watercolor of Congress Hall in Congress Park from the mid-nineteenth century.
Summary: Drawing shows a view across an expanse of lawn, with trees in the foreground, of a pavilion, the original Congress Hall Hotel, and other buildings.
Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-06562 (digital file from original drawing)
Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication.
Call Number: DRWG 1 - Seymour, no. 6 (A size) [P&P]
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Travel and Tourism
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Library of Congress
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/4/2014
3/23/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Saratoga, Monday, July 20th, 1846 - Congress Hall Hotel
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1846
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Joseph Smith
Creator - Organization
Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map).
Life
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Travel and Tourism
URL
http://books.google.com/books?id=ZSPOAAAAMAAJ
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Allie Smith
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
11/24/2014
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Life's Personally Conducted Tours. Saratoga
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Chambers, Fred C., C. E.
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1858
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1858
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Allie Smith
Allie Smith
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
"Top Left of Map: 'Residence of Charles Burr, Broadway, Saratoga Springs'"
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
Richard Clark
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
307 Wharton St. Philadelphia
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
City Plan
Outline maps
Pictorial maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Civic Life
Property and Development
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Circular Railroad (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Index-- Property Holders
Greenridge Cemetery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Columbian Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Index-- Businesses
Putnam Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Hamilton Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Temple Grove Seminary (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Iconography--tree
Broadway House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Church-- Presbyterian
Water Cure (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Empire Spring House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Empire Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga and Washington R.R. (N.Y.)
Church-- Methodist
Empire House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)-- maps
Compass Rose
Crescent Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Energy-- Steam mill
Union Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Ainsworth Place (Saratoga Springs, N.Y)
United States Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
American Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Church-- Baptist
Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad Company-- Machine Shop
Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad Company-- Engine House
Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad Company
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Corporation Line
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
1in:200ft
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This map depicts the village of Saratoga Springs as seen in 1858. It is a black and white print of the village that demonstrates school districts with the use of color.
There are numerous small details of property ownership with the name of the landholder and the number of the specific plot of land.
The map also uses drawings of buildings in the area of Broadway such as the residence of Charles Burr, the Presbyterian Church, the residence of H. T. Walbridge, and the Saratoga Water Cure, a place of healing.
Small drawings of trees are used to demonstrate areas of high amounts of foliage.
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/11/2014
3/24/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of the Village of Saratoga Springs, Saratoga Co. New York
19th century
business
color map
demographics
development
pictorial
property
schools
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/6c5cd3cf0d59c572be5dcdadf18178bc.jpg
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
References in the Map of Saratoga
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1841
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/cc7285aa723323bee0bca55524ebf412.png
897fc67a3bc3d70e29f3ee2e740011ab
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Detail, Map of Saratoga, Faxon & Reed, 1841.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1841
Description
An account of the resource
The Railroad House is located at point O, the Railroad Depot is located at point P. Points A, B, C, F, and G are hotels.
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/c33c5a1b20546da07c0bcca8cf0283c6.jpg
a85e7877dd6c5f1e273e7ab6ad5cefad
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/f2adce0b707251ba49cc9ca42e244bce.pdf
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PDF Text
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�Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques
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Transparence
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Quality of print varies/
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de la nettetd de l'exemplaire film6, et en
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in printed paper covers are filmed
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THE
TRAVELLERS' OWN BOOK,
TO
SARATOGA SPRINGS,
NIAGARA FALLS AND CANADA,
CONTAINING
noUTES, DISTANCES, CONVEYANCES, EXPENSES,
CSR or MINERAL WATERS, BATHS, DESCRIPTION OF SCENERY, ETC.
A COMPLETE GUIDE,
FOR THE VALETUDINARIAN AND FOR THK TOURIST,
8EEKINO FOR PLEASURE AND AMUSKMENT.
^V
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T H
MAPS AND ENGRAVINGS.
BY
"And
still
DE VEAUX.
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thunder down
Willi a silver robe and a rainbow crow n,"
BUFFALO:
FAXON
& HEAD,
1841
.//
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A P
F N
AND
Being a complete Directory nnd tlnidc to
[
A
A
(i
(iUlDE
'
Fulls mid viriiiity
tlie
DIRECTIONS TO HASTY
m
1h<. Slarl from the HolcU,
Miiii stroet, Ningnrn Falls Vi 11 n<r>?—^j wcrtt to Pro^peH Plato fbe hridgn—^iizr !~cr()fH (he hri.lire (o Iris klnnd—-rise the hill—
take the rood to tlio liglit—
tlio
Piospoct Tower, and round
"-id.
At more
leisure
tli;'
l-laiid.
wnlknloug the high bank of the
or ride lo the WbirlpoDl, and
rivir,
vis
REFERENCES TO THE mi
I
On
1.
the Canada Side.
BciiderV-J
Cavp.
\;
4.
Concert Mouse.
(i.
Col. Clark's old plwo.
P.
Wlicre
tliR
stood.
IJiirnt
rios, Sept.
0.
Gull
»»
Episcopal CliurcH
hy incoiidia-
(adjoin IN C;
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)
SHOHES.)
J
Isliinil.
BUFFAJbO.
10.
Site of Briilgewairr A'illn;;"
11.
Cliipprwa Battle
"Table Hock."
It
several feet.
here
Bc'ciul
shc-c;
is
to
FaxDii
<*i
Read.
Groiiini.
projrris over
Visitors dc-
go under
of water, or
(lie
to wli;u
called Teriuiiiation Jfocfc.
" Clifton IJouse." on
tlir
l:ill,
where
llie
lirow of
'y^
''//////
the road rises
fronj the ferry.
3.
Where stood
the Pavillion.
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J
iiim>!'^i rrrt-ii-ra^/
1«. C:irrin|jc
13.
Koad down
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the hank,
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House
106 rods.
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liundy's
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thr Fulls mid viplnity,
for reninrk
on the spot, or for rcfereiire at home.
lECTIONS TO HASTY TRAVELLERS.
go
—
^.j vvccil (o Prn-f|)Pol
-take Ihc road
—
Pla-p and Ware's Obacival'My gaze on the K'cnr!
rotiim cmfcrly along the river
thcnco to
at the point of the Islmid look tironnil!-^\n\'H to (he Biddio stairs
;
to the riglit
ride to the Wbirlpoul, and visit
—
other places of noloricty.
fiEFEREM'KS TO THE
On
MV.
the American Side.
A—Tatifrnct Hotel.
Tl— l'as1«
.,
llntH.
-Kxfhunjn'
Whirlpool
lfoti-1, i>H(l
Omnibus
oflU'*!
fouTirtation,
r.-R»llilM...V^ '"?:«
Falls
I'-Lockport an'd >'i»P'ni
r.iiirdad office.
*<-i-l?i»fraJ()
and Niagara T^'"^
"'•'^'
loali ollu-c.
II— Ferry, uml WarP's Observatory,
^I—"Wliere Francis Abiiott livcd-
'T— Where Alexander went
off lie
bank.
'K— l'r()|>oi!ed
road
Aown
(l>c
bank.
— Old Indian liaddcr.
M— C'liapln's Island.
>i — Hobinson's IslandTj
>0
— Prospect Mmid.
{[»'Q— Sloop and Bay Islands.
iU— Prospect Tower
and Terrapin
Hocks.
S~Hoad, washed away.
T_.^Ioss Island.
under
V—L"re^ce.nt^ or Centre Fall,
wWdi
V_PapTr
is
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a
Cave.
.Hill.
•'2— Presttytcrian Cliurch-
7
>!{
— Pro^pn-t
T/Jwrr
aJjil
'r<Tr:i|Mii
�I.e.
To
Clinon House
i06 rods.
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o ,„
j
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f^jiring,
"
IJciider's
Cave,
"
liUnil} 'd
Lane
hdp
>.
i
3.1 .^
IRIS
Ilatlle
Ground.
j
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t'liippewft Bat. Gr'«<I, 2
«'
"
Wliirlpool
4
.1
"
Stamford,
4
..
"
Mount
D
"
"
Rl.DavidH,
c
u
'•
Brock's P.Ionunifnt,
H
"
"
Qupenstoii,
h
.»
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"
"
"
"
^n.,.^
DorcJiester,
F.CeorgcnndNiag'n.
H
10
14
<«
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.1
^Valcrloo Ferry,
iv
"
St. CatliorinpH,
V\
tu
..
Fort Kric,
City of Toronto,
Tlio
II. Xifigiira
r)0
'
Whirlpool.
Wivcr,
22. Pl;;cc to dcsci-iid ihc
i,,„)k%
A. Prosppct
33.
Poiiii.
Snioolli rock,
from wIiciut
Ktonchas bcpn
llii-o\vii
a
ncro^s
the IJivcr.
41. Flsliln? croiinds,
C. Outlet.
1).
iJefeclory, British side.
y. e-'nmnuT House,
American
C^iJ^!L3^1^•^£^.^^.IJ^
m
4
L, t^::
frou. the Fulls
aus,
^:
,^
,t ci^'
d^sc^.ub 104 feet
d.sco„d, Oir ,
to
'''''
r
:!'
^''
"^^^ ^-'^'-
iM^imzs^im
^^-At^oncn mn,
''."""^^^ to the Islands, passing over the rapids.
t"
Lew..(on; from thenoe seven t^.ile.,
to Lake
about 320 v.
6-where
Ontario, 2 i^,L
�>1{— i'rn:|nTt
Ave
^h^^^\-^(""^^'^HP\ %v
Towrr
sujii
r«'riiit
m
l'^'
S— noiiil, wiislieil nwny,
V—t'rPM*wn«>r Centre
IRIS
wldMi w
i
Ingrnliiuii's riivt*.
V— Pn|i»r .lini.
N
"
under
Fall,
:i2— ''resliVlcrian C'liurcli.
/r.
''/'
Distances frora the Araerifcan 1l6tcls,
/
8.
II.
/
40
rollliitli aiid Iris T. Iirjdt.'r,
rnd<i|
" Ferry, and Wiirc's Oli-
^^
^
^{\'^
/
i
-
.
srrvatory,
V n
^
k.
100
" rVrry I^uiding,
'"
Horse Shoe
.^
•'
"
Walk
Falls, crof!-
bridgcand
siiig
"
»2.1
Frtniid
tJ»r.
1-1
i.'^huid,
Isliind, \ 1-1
I'diiuV'irw,
3-t
.Mineral .Spring,
'i.
Whirlpodl,
8
"
ncvil's Hole,
3 1-2'
"
Tuswirora Indian Village 8
"
" JjPwis'on
""
7
I'orlNiat'ara
" Loikport
liy
raflroad
i-.
24
i"--
2
V.
11
fi
'io
\i
i^cli'oss'^r s. Ijoat !un(I'g,
:'.
Tonawanda, and Erie
canal
|fn^
-j^^j^^r^^^jt^Tj^.r^jO'C^raa^:^.
\mcricnn
inted nl
)iir
about
foot.
TySO
yards nrounrl, 104
Ferry below the Falls,
From 200 to 250 feet, is
rapids.
6-where Robinson
Lours.
over the
)
Fall,
90
Lake Ontario, 2
{<iQ\,
is
frcl hi,c4,.
r'_rrr,.ent
50 rods wide; pas^aae from
Fall,
five
the average height of the batiks of
about 33 yards
nrn,u>r?,
to ten minutop.
5,084,-
the river around the Fall?,
dceccnd.'d in the rapids to enve Chapin.
The
river in six miles
ii
14
::
3
'
i:
Buffdlo Ciiy
�Entered urcording to Act of Congress,
hundred and forty-one, by
in
tlie
year eighteen
FAXON & HEAD,
in
tiie
Clerk's Ofl'ice of
llie
of Ne\v-Yori«.
PRESS OP ROBT.
D. FUV.
Disiricl
Court of
tlie
Norlliern District
�TO THE PUBLIC.
A
former publicnlion of Ihc
Ningnra,
aiillior
on
another
it
interesting to the travelling community.
and revised
eeveral subjects
As
travellers
l)ook
his
move
them some
along,
the
tourist had
at hand, as this
him
it
came
He
Falls,
has cur-
and added
late occurrence.
is
a satisfaction
names of
book
is
when
places
—
be-
to
to
havo
arrived at the spot to
directed his course,
a directory
intended to be, to point out to
the object he seeks to obtain,
terest he
alike
subject,
notice or remark upon them, without
the trouble of inquiry; and
which the
on the
and incidents, of
come acquainted with
before
he haa
very favorably received,
having been
been induced to combine with
tailed
Falls of
tlic
to view, will prove to
or
the scenes of in-
him
a valuable desi-
deratum.
On
much
the
subject
of the
mineral waters of Saratoga,
valuable information, as to their qualities, use,
effects,
and
has been derived from highly respectablo citizens
of that place.
�IV.
To
vifiitors
to
little leigurc to
the
Sprinps,
who
grncrnlly hnvo but
look over inedical niilhorities, and but Bniall
chance of gouiing correct inlurination from personal
quiry of individuals
to
fall,
compendium
this
cautions
and
directions
Those who wish
those pages
into
to
references
will prove
as
to
the
investigate
lo
in-
whose company they happen
very
use
useful,
of the waters.
further,
some of
in its
will
find
in
most approved
the
writers on these subjects.
As
not unfitting to th'i work, the author has
thought
proper in
many
places, to introduco
interesting from tbolr locality
fare—and
some
— incidents
descriptions peculiar to the
subjects, alone
of border war-
two great points
of attraction of which he treats.
The author
flatters
not only perform the
to travellers
office
his
])ul)lication
will
of a useful and faithful guide
while on their tour, but that
prove an agreeable
when
himself that
present
to
friends
it
and
will
also
children,
they return refreshed to their homes.
THE AUTHOR.
Niagara Falls
,
May, 1841.
I
�COxN
TENTS.
PART
I.
page
Torn TO Raratooa
Fstiin.i'c of
Tlif tour
Scrincis,
Niagara Falls and Canapa.
Expenses
14
IS
10
20
21
22
I'f^^'tm
JIikIsoii river siuMirry
V<»iil<ors. 'rujipjm. o't
I\Io\Mit I'lf'jis.-uit. Siiij; Sine, fitTill- Hii;lil;iii(ls. WcsT l'oiiit,t''c
r()iii;likf(*psic. Hyde I'iirk, etc
2.")
y of Alhnny
Route to the Springs, via Schenectady
C'i
"
"
"
vlii
Troy
Lnnsinirlinrjrli. Waterford. etc
I?oii*e from /Ml)iiny to Niagara Falls
li'tle F;dls, I'ticu, Syracuse, etc
Roij'e from Syracuse, liy canal, to Ninfffira Falls
.
3.>
from liockport to Nia'iara Falls
Route ^rom Syracuse, l»v Lake Ontario
"
"
by Aulturu, cuCity of BuflTalo, and distances from thence on the Lakes.
Routes from Niasrara r'alls throu<;ii Canatia
Rrantford, Toronto, etc
37
38
'Ri'ilrojid
'
Socket's Harlior. Kinjrston, etc
Montreal, Qnehec, etc
Route from Albany
to
Boston
PART
>
I
Ballston
Spa
Observations on mineral waters
I
.30
.
.
41
42
44
45
47
49
II.
Jattnt to Sarat ioa Springs.
Arrival at the Snrlnjrs
«
A''ipit to (^on^res^ Spring
Hamilton, 1»'
"ud the Pavilion Springs
Analvsis ol
u rs
• ,e Springs
Flat Hock, fii,
HlL'h Hock Spt.u.„
2H
29
30
31
32
34
53
rt4
56
o7
58
50
63
04
�-
VI.
pnf6
nnrl tnfrlirlnnlly
In llie balli, uiul hiiiliiiij,'
Thrlr wnonn n drink,
"
•'
[]JJ
i"^
Thr
V{
cold lialll
T\i>' tepid and wiirin hiith
Tin* viipor linth
Diseases
The
t'nr wiiii-li
i'*
'
the Sarat()<;a watets
i'
Lj^
I
are let'oniuiendcil.
r*
.
of tSiirato^a
vill.ijie
f]
Mouses
IMil.tir
'"
AiiiiiseMieiit<
;
Coveiit (iardt'ii,
Hides, halls, and
fanilihiiir. t'tc
j
asseiiililics
jl'l
Churches
'
PART
III.
WlIIIU.l'OOI,, ISLAXnS,
TllK FaI.T.S of XiAOAnA,
Jaunt to tiie I'alls of Niagara.
Descrip'ion of the I'alls
Incpiiries
.
&c.
%
\]>y
j
answered
Villa<re ot Nia^rara Falls
Hides of pleasure
Jaunt to Iris and olhcr islands
to the island
l)rldy;e
Bath
island
A darinu enterprise
Prospect island
Ijij/raham's
The
Cave
Hi Id'e staircase
Horse Shoe Falls
Prospect Tower..
Impressions of visitors
^Vinter scenery
ghrnhs
a. d pi
Vei^s.
Is
Ttloii:
mts
over the Fulls
islui.d
'
It
"J
J"
Ml
and initials on llic ro(d;s and trees.
Mists around the l''iills, and op;ii'al illusions
Francis Aliliott, the licruiit
Alevandei's lea])
Fisii and anjilint:
Hunting irrounds and frame
Road down the hank
Point View
Names
The
*
H'^i
J
'4
'"ff
[•*
I'-^I*
IxJ.
\}»
-
•
•
''^'^
'•''•
l'|P^
^j-
J|^
]
jjj
J;"'
*'''|
'•''
jC'J
l-.''*
1''4
]•;?«
'-^^
!•'>"
|5i
Th« Low Familv
l';-*
William Chamliers
|Vi»
Expedition to Navy island, and steamboat Caroline
IhY
Ownnunffa. or (irand island
Jaunt to the Whirlpool
Ond Pierce, Esq
Mineral Spring
IJ^
1^7
Description of the WHiirlpool
Benjamiu Ilaihbun
'
'»
*J^
1|"l^**
^
�'
vu.
pnte
0(1
.
of tlio DoviVs Hole
Tusnir«»ra IndiuiH
OH
"0
71
Littl«"v;i:i.f
.
.
7H
Esiiipc from
.
H'i
.
H7
Lpu
.
to
Five
.
1>1
Fort
.
J»'i
•Willi.iiri
.
SI.3
.
1)1
htoii
.
\\\\\v
Jidiii
Tal.l.-
.100
.101
•
•
•
•
.
•
*'*
MorjiHU
f^^
f^^
llie
*
.
•
•
•
Citv of
1
\'ii
•
•
r
»
Me
.1.10
13-2
*
•
•
•
•
•
«
•
•
•
•
•
.145
.110
.110
•
.l.)0
•
•
•
•
• •
•
.152
.l.»3
•
•
•
•
•
•
.156
.158
•
•
•
.154
• •
• •
.159
.101
• • • • .103
.105
•
•
• • • .107
.170
•
• • • .177
• • • .179
• • • .181
• • • • • .1F2
• .195
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
-
»
•
liriiial
vitu
's
ot
ieolo'iv of Niairara
Distances
.151
• •
-\'*
-s^"
t
lie
air
I'^ali-*
...»•.... !••..•••••
.
•
•
.lolm Uownin'-'aiid the Wliirli)ool
l)(>ath of Dr. lluML'erford
Ailventure anioiii.' the rapi Is
Clirono'ou'ii'al la'.dc of events at Xiau'ara Fulls
.ll'i
.
4
.134
.130
«
ille
of MaL'ara
:>fH(Ki r.ANKors NoTirFS.
•.!(•)
.
a
-•'"
Town
.
«
I*;*'!
lark
;^J
--j-
.1-24
•
•
<
-s-'J
|ji>4
Tails
•
•
•
liic
i
-*"
f^.
thf "^liect of water
over the I'alls
DrnmiHonK
•
1
•
IJroi-U's :Mnnnineiit
•
•
Clitioii
C^aiial lioat incident
Col.
f3:ininel S rei'f.
ll'i
•
1
(idiiiL'
I(H
•
•
ot'
I{.).'l<
.111
•
•
'-^•'
ladder
'f;;-
.li'i
•
•
•
llic
Ciivf.
•
•
1
^-^
"•*
stairs
Vi\<A\\'J. miller
.III
•
*
Carroll
Villa"!'
•
f\\
*
.
.
meadow
Jaunt to Canai.a
C.-.tlhi's
•
*"»
NiJiL'Jirii
View from
•
*J*
^««
liidinns
Pcriloim dos'Tiit of
I
'^<[l
n.ittlf
.
***
'il!>
|-'»'J
'-J^
'iu
'^^
I
�!
^
i
^
Note.
— The
having been prepared
following Ehceis
during the past winter, the rates of fare arc inserted as es-
H
On
tablished last season.
this ycQx
the following routes they have
now
been reduced, and ore
New- York
as follows:
Albany, by steamboat, $1,00, board extra.
to
Syracuse to Rochester, by packets, $3,00, and found.
Rochester
H
to
Lockport,
to Buffalo,
"
"
.f
2,C0
$2,75,
ERRATA.
Page
**
88, 9(h line, for
45,
"
" G3," read " 87."
"from," read "to," and for "of,"
"on."
30th line, for " intomperancc," read "temper-
2d
for
read
"
73,
>»
ance.
" wary," read " wavey."
**
78, 23d line, for
"
86, 2Gth line, for " fount," read
" 126, 14th hne,
for
"some
"
forest."
kind," read " the same
kinds."
" 188, 9th
" 196, 16th
line, for
line, for
ing."
"bridge," read "lodge."
" to calling," road " to the
call-
�prepared
ted as es-
hcy have
•
ird extra.
d found.
I.
%
((
THE TOURIST.
CONTAINIVO
HINTS TO TRAVELLERS,
for
"of,"
"temper-
>
PART
ROUTES, DISTANCES, CONVEYAx\C£S,
EXPENSES,
BESCRIPTlOxX OF SCENERY,
&c.
the
game
the call-
i&C.
�•%
•
I
�TO TRAVELT.ERS.
ESTIMATE OF EXPENSES, AND OTHER HINTS.
" Put
money
in thy purse."
In concluding upon a tour of business, of pleasure, or
of health to Saratoga Springs, to the Falls of Niagara, or
to
both of these
arrangements
it
is
jilacee,
among
and
calculations
otlicr
customary to make some euitablo pro-
modes of con-
vision for the expenses, to consider the
veyance, to count over the distances, and to
know
the
length of time that the journey will require.
Money.
erful
— This potent talisman,
this
than the sorcerer's wand, must
the traveller's attention.
appropriated
;
select
A
l)c
sufficient
charm more powthe
lirst
object of
amount must be
such a stock of bank
bills as will
currently through the country you intend to pass.
State of
New- York,
Safety
Fund and
go
In the
the General
Bank
which on the Bank Note List stand at no higher
discount than 2 per cent, will answer to pay expenses.
bills,
Upper Canada
Canada
hills
be
t
bills in
a
bills in
the
Upper Province, and Lower
Let your
the Lower, will do the best.
mixture of small
an.d
large,
that you
may
�TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS,
14
'
i
Bfi^'jjagc
— Cljoice of Borllis.
always be supplied with change.
It will
be bad policy
to carry with you foreign, uncurrent, or doubtful
unless you are disposed to quarrel with
all to
whom you
pay money, and to pass as a suspicious character.
a few
dollars in
your wallet
due of your money
Baggage.
compass as
Keep
present use, and the resi-
some secure
in
— Let
for
bills,
place about your person.
be as compact, and in as small a
it
Have your trunks firmly made and
them your initials, or full
possible.
well strapped, and painted on
name, with place of residence, in
,
fair
white characters.
If you travel alone, a simple valise or cloak bag only, will
The company of
cause you to feel very independent.
ladies will greatly increase your baggage; not only band-
boxes will be added, but one or two large trunks for every
Never carry with you what is superfluous, but just
lady.
what
A
is sufficient.
cloak, or over-coat, should not be
Paul Pry's indisijcnsable, an um.brella, can be
purchased any where on your route; and almost every
omitted.
other small
article that
you may require.
and take no medicine while travelling.
Never
consider medicine necessary.
you
pills,
your baggage unless
Steam-Boats.
as
you can.
it is
Stop when
lose sight of
locked up.
— Always
The
Put up no
engage your passage as soon
farther your berth
the more safe and pleasant
it
is
will be.
from the boilers
If
you come on
board late and should not like the remaining berths, or a
upon having one of the reserved berths.
When you go at an early hour on board of a steamboat,
and find a long list of names in the same hand writing,
settee, insist
i
M
the best berths of the boat, such
apparently engaging
all
as **Mr. Drain,"
Mr. Lane," and "ditto," "ditto,"
*<
�f
NIAGARA PALLS AND CANADA.
Railroad Cars
ad policy
billB,
Ifui
you
'horn
Keep
ir.
the reeiur person.
small a
8
made and
Is,
or full
haracters.
only, will
mpany of
inly
band-
for
every
I
but just
3,
lid
not be
la,
can be
lost
every
up no
Lit
(top
when
e sight of
some
15
— Packet Boats.
you may be sure that it is fictitious.
This is an every day practice; and in this way
acquaintances and favorites enjoy the best berths, and the
or
similar device,
uniniliated traveller has to put
— The
Railroad Cars.
centre have the
easiest,
least
and those
Do
little
motion, and are
considered
in the rear the safest.
upon
or in other respects,
Very
up with what he can get.
from the engine to the
cars
But
the
in these,
railroads, there is little choice.
advice can be given as to avoiding accidents.
not sufler yourself to sleep in the cars;
take your
and do not get out until they
have stopped. Always ascertain the hour of starting and
be on the ground a few minutes before.
Ever have your
seats before the cars start,
eyes around you, and keep out of harm's
way
Never
upon railroads in the night, unless it is really necessary that you should hasten your journey.
Railroad
ride
travelling at night is very uncomfortable, and
with more danger than during the day.
is
attended
—
Packet Boats.
Enter your name as soon as you get
on board, that you may have a berth if you should remain
over night.
Do
not put your head out of the cabin win-
dows; keep below as
much
and when on
and before passing them
as practicable,
e as soon
deck look ahead
he boilers
come down on the lower after deck. For the feeble, and
Ihose who are worn out with fatigue, the canal boat af-
L
come on
jrthe, or
a
fords the best
for the bridges,
accommodations.
It glides
along so quietly
berths,
that
you can repose and slumber as undisturbedly as
jteamboat,
your
own
;d
d writing,
boat,
"
such
ditto,**
Stage Coaches
little
in
c'aamber.
need be
with the back
— Of
said.
seat.
these old fashioned conveyances
Ladies are always accommodated
The middle
scat is the easiest, the
;i
�TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS,
16
— Price of lioard.
Fure
front seat the best to sleep on; but
when
sickness
if
riding, always avoid
many
not crowded with too
Potit coaches, if
passengers, over good roads,
most
in fair weather, ofibrd the
you arc subject to
it.
and agreeable mode
safe
of transit of any other; but the fly-away character of
travellers
is
them out of
fast driving
From
use.
these
vehicles the scenery of the country cnn always be advan-
tageously viewed; and as the wheels
roll
on, the hours
pass in social chat, free remark, amusing anecdotes and
gay
sallies,
often truly pleasant and interesting.
Newspapers.
— On
importance, before
leaving a city,
boat, or train of cars, have
other
move
the boat or cars
On
and most interesting papers.
latest
or
off,
place of
buy the
meeting another
some papers ready
to exchange.
In this way, as you will generally travel in advance of
c
the mail, you will
iatest
news.
On
,
;
find yourself in possession of the
boar, .f boats
papers, but abstract none.
papers
is
at public
not an original Yankee practice.
with others of a
ism,
and
houses leave
Destroying and stealing news-
like nature,
That Vandal-
should be frowned
Mii
down.
I
lii
From New- York
to Saratoga,
vin.
Albany and Troy,
the highest rate of fare usually charged
lowest rate will amount to very
little
is
The
$4,75.
more than half that
way of Schenectady it may cost $5.
The traveller may leave New- York in the afternoon
By
sum.
the
steamboat, and be in Saratoga the next day before dinner;
and
if
he pleases
may
be back again in
New- York
the
succeeding morning, having accomplished his visit in 36
n
hours.
Without reference
to
baggage and
superfluities,
$5,75
#
�i
NTACARA FALLS! AND CANADA.
17
lUffcTent Roiilos, and cost.
jubjcct to
is
ooches, if
York to Saratoga.
an ample
At
>od roads,
ible
mode
•om these
be advan-
The
tlH!
pay
all
necessary expenses from
week
best hotcJB; and per dny from
oflior
public liousoa ehnrgo from
week; and from $1
number,
dotes and
Of
New-
from $10 to
,f 1,50 to $2.
is
$i
$7
(o
per
to $'l,or, ^rr day.
Privnle boarding hoiiwH, of wbieb
there
the hours
arc
a
great
from ^'i to $12 per week.
other expenses at the Springs, it is
unnecessary
cliarge
speak: they
place of
to
Snratotrn the price of board per
$)2, nt
of
iracter
sum
1o
may
be moderate or cxtrnvngnnt, according
to the notions or rlmrneter of
the individnnl.
As the
pri^
buy the
g another
exchange,
dvance of
ion of the
uses leave
ing newsit
Vandal-
3
frowned
CCS of lu-ovisions have fallen, the
cost of living to traveilerf^ it is expected, will be
reduced.
P>om
the city of New- York to Niagnra
Falls, or to the
of T3nll)do, to the ordinary traveller
or tourist, the
usual expense, when the journey
is performed direct,
city
by
steamboats, railroads, stages and jiackets,
will be between
$20 and $22, and will include all that is respectable
and
necessary.
Three days
the journey.
nd Troy,
,75.
1
The
half that
afternoon
less
than three days, and
even at such a
is
rate, is often
varies but little
in diflbrent routes
very seldom done in
frequently more.
Travelling
it is
more fatiguing than
pleasant.
of living at Niagara Falls, and
Buffalo,
from the like expenses at Saratoga,
ex-
36
cepting at some of the most fashionable
Hotels; and those
being equal to similar establishments
in New- York city,
arc not backward in imitating
them
55,75
note paper, beautiful vignette, copy
hand, round numbers.
There is an economical mode of
conveyance
re dinner;
-York the
les,
as short a time as should be
allowed for
advertise a shorter period, but
The expenses
|5.
^ieit
is
Those who are interested
in
in their bills;
that
it
bank
may
ij
�TOUR TO SARATOC.A SPRINGS,
18
Stf*iuiil)0!itH
from Ncw-Vork.
I'l
be interesting
eniigrnntH'
for
nnd
study economy more tlinn speed, to know:
steam tow boats on the Hudson
on the
By
111
York
Bullido in six
to
for
is
by the
The
fare
New-
for j|ll,
and
is
carried through in seven days,
for 1^0,50.
,
board of the
cent, and
days, with board,
^7,50.
another line he
On
H
it
i'reight boats
through from
line the passenger is carried
without board,
is
and
canal.
one
without board
On
river,
who
Iruvcllcrs
lliuHo
freiglit
boats the passage
\k'Y
mile,
2 cents with board.
on board of the packet Iwats, with board,
is
usually 4 cents per mile.
THE TOIR BEGUN.
" Land of
'
flie
forest and tlie rock
Of dark blue lake and niighly river
Of mountains rcar'u aloft to mock
The storm's career, the lightning's shock—
•,
My own
green land forever
I
liand of the lieantiful and brave.
The freeman's
Much
I
liome, the martyr's grave."
of the information that follows has been obtained
from actual observation and experience;
M
the residue has
been gathered from, and collated with the best authorities.
!
i
i
The
boats.
usual
mode
of conveyance to Albany
Several pass and
re-
pass every day.
is
by steam-
The
passcn-
�1
AND CANADA.
NIA(}ARA FALLS
AVVpIiiiwlvPH
llcrs
who
gcr boats
by the
8
gilt
boats
H
Forry.
the foot of Courlland
foot of JJarclry street.
Jn Albany
from the pier at the foot of State street, and at
the foot of flnniilton street.
The day boats go at 6
o'clock in the morning, and the night boats at 5 o'clock
they
om Ncw|I1, and
ill
start
the
The
afternoon.
through is commonly f3,
Competition sometimes carries
fare
meals extra, 50 cents.
roil
IJiiIl's
New- York IVom
t^tart in
and from the
street,
—
10
the fare
days,
down
to
50 cents.
Besides the passenger boats there are also several freight
or tow boat?, which pass daily between the
per mile,
Their price
board,
is
$1
for passage,
and meals
two
cities.
extra,
or the
passenger finds himaelf.
is
i
To
those
passage
who have never been up
recommended.
is
this noblest
gated
Always
the Hudson, a day
to sleep in passing over
of rivers, and to loose the view of the varie-
scenery along
banks, evinces an unpardonable
ajiathy to the beauties of nature
and the improvements
of man.
Weehawkcn, New- Jersey, 3 miles from New- York,
and 145 from Albany, on the west side of the river
it
commands a line view of the city. The range
—
of rocks called the Palisadoes, begin to make their appearance here, and continue 22 miles.
The Monument
where Alexander Hamilton
Burr,
n obtained
esidue has
est
autlio-
is
when
York
duelling
fell
in a
sen place
it
was more
happily
is
'he
posscn-
with Aaron
In former days
practiced by the citizens of
at present, this spot
was
New-
the cho-
for settling points of honor.
Bull's Ferry, west side, New-Jersey,
by etcam-
duel
observed near the water's edge.
than
New- York, and 138 from Albany.
Palisadoes begin to assume
from 3 to 400
feet.
i
'A
its
is
10 miles from
Near
this place the
a perpendicular attitude of
�20
TOI'R
TO SAHATOC-A
KPRr\(JS,
— Vojikors — Pirrpoiii.
Fori Liv
Fort Lee, 11 miles Iroin Nnw-York,
bany, on tho brow of tbc
York
Opposite, on
wnter.
Fort VVnHbinfi;ton.
The
*
from Ibo
I^Innd, nrc
the
vcflti|TC8
of
In the llovolution, n finiiken chcvnnx
Yonkerrt, or riiinipfibiirgh,
is
side,
eaflt
WeslcheHler
ro.
New-York, and ]I)'2 from Albany.
of the church, and a men^ glimppo of the vil-
10 jMileH from
Bjiire
lage
from Al-
feet
exIciKh^l from one side of tho river to the other.
(Ic frine
N. Y.
niul i:J7
I'liIiHiulooH, !5()0
oblnined as the 8tenml)oa< pnenes Imnlily along.
is
I'i
Here
the
filands the
still
Phillips fnniily,
and a venerable
Episcopal
of the
fruit
settlers.
Tho
A
head of
church,
many
congregntion,
first
Hudson.
Etii,diHh
the
mansion
old
Hiibfelnntinl
once
still
Iiouho of
mnnor;
Phillipw'
by nn
oecujjied
of (hem the dcsccndnnts
fine mill
puts into the
slrt^nm
formation of the ground, and the large
and shade trees that cluster around, make
this a
beautiful place.
Between
heights,
is
and the city of New-York, the river on
with the exception of some rough and rocky
this
t\\e east side,
lined
with highly cultivated farms and
si)lcn-
did country scats.
Tappan, west side, Rockland co. N. Y. is 23 miles
from New- York, and 125 from Albany. From hence to
its source, the whole course of the Hudson is through
the State of
New- York.
Tappan
village
hid
is
from
view.
Pierpont, west
side,
Rockland
from New- York, and 123
southern railroad,
commences
at
which
this place.
is
co.
N. Y.
from Albany.
to
extend to
Here the
river
three miles in width and used to be called
!
Si
I
is
25 miles
The
great
Lake
Eric,
expands to
Tappan
sea;
it
I
�NIAGARA FALLS AND CANADA.
f^inir Sill!?
t'roni
Al-
from
llio
Cflli|TC8
of
is
now
Not
ffir
other.
ca.st side,
2li
mdes from New- York, and
'ace where Major An-
— Noted as the
dre
I
V22
21
— Aniliony's Nose;.
less dignilie.l, nnd is only
termed Tnpi.nn boy.
from this viUnge, Major Andre was
executed.
Tarrylovvn,
chcvnux
Prison
w
.108 (cr
CO.
Albany.
II
the
)f
ily
vil-
niong.
house of
'
iiiniior;
by mi
(1
iVoiM
Albmiy
wad ciii)lured.
Above 'i^ni-rylown, and extendir?
rises lioni the shore
on the east
Sing Si
side,
g, there
...ant Pleasant, a
commantbrig and delightful trad, presenting
iicin the
most beautiful prosjjoct of rural scenery.
river a
Sing Sing,
east side,
WcKlehester
New- York, and }W fr„m Albany,
of the New- York Slate Prisons.
co.
.-^2
nn'Ies
It
was
built
scciulnnts
into tlic
by the
convicts from Iho marble got from
the premises.
Croton AcqueducI, which is to supply the
city of
York wilh water, commences near this place.
I
Hie lar<^e
to
this a
Ilaverslraw, west
New- York,
)
river
on
ind rocky
nd
flplcn-
aiul
side,
]lockland
IJO from Albany.
from
the location of one
is
co.
The
The
New-
38 miles from
river
in
front
is called
llaverstraw bay.
Further up the river, in this
township, arc vestiges of Stony
Point, and Forts Clin,
ton and Montgomery, famous
in the events of the Revolution.
23 miles
Croton, east side, Westchester co.
hence to
through
bid from
Cortlajid,
'he
great
ke Erie,
qiande to
m
sea; it
44 miles from
New
York, and 104 from Albany.
The
25 miles
<<
<'
Peekskill, cast side, Westchester co.
Inst
mentioned village
planck's Point
is
in the
stood Fort Fayette,
now
is
a thriving place.
Ver-
same township, upon which onco
scarcely dieccrnable.
Anthony's Nose, on the east side, 44
miles from New.
York, and 104 from Albany, a high
bluff of 1128 feet,
in former days, before steamboals
abolished time
and
�«ik1
TOUR TO RARATOOA SPRINGS,
22
ill!
West
Point
Bpncc in travelling, Ihn
— Miiifary
Aciulciiiy.
i)aB8ing of the noec
wns
to the
is to
what crossing
sailors on the ocean; the novice was obliged to pay a
forfeit, which was devoted to the increase of red noses.
It is not contended hy those who have seen this promon-
nnvigntors of the
tory that
I
The
it
the line
ll\ulfl(>n,
hns any great resemhlnnce to a nose.
river narrows in jinssing through the Highlands,
miles, presenting
which extends nearly 12
on coch side
noble and picturesque scenes; high acclivities, sloping
heights, and deep ravines, advance and recede before the
!
i
opectator ab the boat drives along.
West
west
Point,
Orange
side,
New- York, and
miles from
1)5
from
Revolution,
in the
memorable place
Fort
co.
!
iitnam,
At
Albany.
there
was
53
this
a chain
stretched across the river, intended to cut off the navjtration
in
from below; but the British in 1777, succeeded
removing
and passed up the river as
it,
Academy was
established here
The
students arc only admitted.
officers
have the
first
the
The
which they mercilessly burnt.
village of Kingston,
Military
far as
250
in 1802.
sons of revolutionary
claim; those of deceased officers of
Pupils arc only admitted
the last war the second.
be-
tween the ages of 14 and 22. There are 30 Professors.
A cadet costs the government $336 annually. The period
They encamp 6 or 8 weeks each
of study is 4 years.
year.
A
for the
accommodation of
well kept hotel
may
Academy
It
be justly
—
tific
its
plebian
soldiers.
at
West
Point,
visitors.
observed
operation
and patrician
established
is
is,
officers,
as
respects
the Military
on one hand, to make scien-
and on the other degraded and
For republicans, the present military
�NIAfJARA FAF.LH
AND CANADA.
23
Milimry Aciidciny.
eyHlcni
to the
^'nH
to pay a
I
red nosofl.
promon-
is
a
is
|)rinciple8 of
line ia to
all
i
bad one, allogdher incompatible
with tho
democracy; principles so
parlies of the
Americnn
people.
d'^arly
At
cherished by
present, the sol-
dier, however meritorious he may
be, is cut of from all
chance of promotion, and all appointments to
office arc
made by the grace; and favor of the rich and
influential.
not denied but that the present officers
of the army
are highly respectable; eiiuaily true it
is, that the private
soldiers are in the very lowest state.
In so low an estiJt is
highlands,
each side
eloping
3B,
mation
before the
k
the
army
held, that
culty recruits are obtained to
lit
as a
with the utmost
diffi-
the ranks of the i)resent
small establishment.
this
chain
r the nav-
succeeded
far as
fill
is
Do away with favoritism; let the
government make every fort and garrison a military
school; illowof no promotion except from
the ranks: <'He
that would command, must first learn to
serve;" ^nd tho
profession would soon become honorable.
There would
be no need of increasing the pay, of giving
nam, 53
At
.
it
the
drumming up
bounties, or
the present vulgar way,
irnt.
The
of
.802.
250
and grog fihoi)8. A live years term of
service
would be but a course of education mixed with
military
duties.
Study, and the pursuits of useful knowledge,
would take the place of idleness and dissipation;
and tho
army, instead of being shunned as the last
resource of the
most degraded, would soon be filled with the
eUte of tho
brave and youthful of the country.
Such a system would
not only be novel, but great and exalting.
A national
army, composed of the youth of the land,
emulating each
at taverns
^olutionary
officers
mitted
of
be-
Professors.
The
period
veeks each
''est
e
Point,
other in the studies to
Military
citizens
and
soldiers;
fit
them
Jh
for the double capacity of
forming at
all times a powerful body
of men, to meet the exigencies of war;
or in peace, to
maintain the supremacy of the laws
and the integrity
of the Union.
lake scien-
graded and
it
for recruits in
military
I
/.
�TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS,
24
oM Spring — Nnwhui'.'li.
Putnam co. 53 niilea from
The West Point Fonn-
east side,
Cold Spring,
New- York, and 95 from Albany.
dry is at this village. Of the
in thia part of the
hills
side, is a
highlands, Crow's Nest, on the west
Butter Hill, is the last of the range of
west
It
side.
is
1589
Break-neck Hill, on
the
New
there
countenance.
still
A
and
is
Turk's
face.
side,
It
is
all
the winter of 1774.
C2 miles from New- York, and
the half-shire town of Orange
stream of water spreads over this township,
The farmers arc
affords many mill privileges.
fine
wealthy—-great
the
a part of the
a fancied resemblance to
on the west side. Near this village
stands a house in which General Washington
86 from Albany.
CO.
On
Windsor,
Newburgh, west
:.
mounts on the
feet.
It is called the
resided with his family nearly
\>
1480
is
the cast side.
rock on the south side, there
human
high peak.
feet high.
Bull Hill, on the cast side,
il:
from
is
Newburgh.
citizens of
this place,
enterprise
and much business
the distinguishing trait of
Many
is
roads concentrate at
done.
Large quantities
shipped for
of butter, and of the finest quality, arc here
Tlic place has a fine appearance
the New- York market.
from the
Passengers to the southern tier of coun-
river.
ties frequently
which runs
siness
disembark here, and take the Ithaca stage,
daily.
Fishkill Landing, cast
side,
Dutchess
New- York, and 80 from Albany.
Newburgh, and
is
It
co.
is
5 miles from Fishkill
C2 miles from
nearly opposite
village.
The
MatteaM-an Cotton Factory at this place, gives employ-
ment
to
300 persons.
New Hamburgh,
cast side,
Dutchess
co.
(>?
miles
i
�-
LI
NIA(JARA PALLS
Poiijihkocpsio
08
from
nt
Fonn-
good landing,
This
is
an active
Rtore-hoiieee,
drawand other improvements indicative of
prosperity.
Milton, west side, Ulster co. GS miles
from New- York,
and 80 milea from Albany. The
bridge,
gh peak.
on the
s
25
— Hyde Park.
h-om x\ow-York, and 81 from Albany.
liUlc village, with a
of the
rt
AND CANADA.
pally dcBcendants
inhabitants arc princiof English families settled here
at an
early period.
New
of the
rt
blance to
face.
!
portion of country.
village
8
The farms
arc good and well cul-
ijihabitunts
arc of Dutch descent,- their
ancestors settled here as long ago as
1G70.
Substantial
stone houses indicate the foresight
and good condition of
the citizens.
774.
f
The
tivated.
ishiiigton
fork,
west side, Ulster co. 70 miles from Newand 73 from Albany. This is a well
improved
Pnllz,
York,
and
Orange
Poughkeepsie, east side, 76 miles from
72 from Albany.
township,
mors arc
The
g trait of
river.
It is the
principal portion of
The
New- York, and
county town of Dutchess.
the
village is hid from the
kid out, and shaded with
creek with many mill privile-
streets are neatly
A
3ntratc at
ornamental
quanlitiea
run along the north part of the
village, aflbrding
many in-st rate sites for manufactories:
several of which
trees.
fine
ges,
lipped for
are already in successful operation.
the foremost river towns in
ppcurancc
of coiin-
among
aca stage,
siness,
r
nilcs
8
from
near the centre of the township,
several landing places oii the
river.
The
is
It
township
its
miles from
Hyde
but there are
is
a
beautiful
oi land,
and noted as being the residence
of
veral gcnllemen of eminence,
wealth and taste.
Rhinebeck, east side. Diiti'h"=-« r-i nA__-i- r
miles
o
I
bu-
inhabitants.
village of
Park
employ
Kff
its
Hyde Park, east side, Dutchess co. 82
New- York, and CG from Albany. The
/ opi)08itc
ge.
and wealth of
Poughkeepsie stands
the extent of
se-
'
i
�'
k
ini i
"4
1
TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS,
26
Kinsrstoii
m
— I'alHkill Mouiiliiiiis
York, and 58 from Albany.
nt
Many
an early day.
It
was
settled by
Germans
of the inhabitants arc tenants
estates are frittering
to large proprietors, but the great
number of freeholders are gradually inaway, and the
creasing.
NewKingston, west side, Ulster co. 90 miles from
county seat, and
York, and 58 from Albany. It is the
lies
three miles west of the
ding,
which
is
opposite
to
Hudson from Kingston LanKhinebeck. Before it was
Esopus. It
burnt by the British in 1777, it was called
On the south bounds
was settled by the Dutch, in IC16.
creek passes into
of the township of Kingston, Walkill
One mile
the Rondout, which here enters the Hudson.
and
is the termination of the Delaware
from the river
Hudson canal.
Lower Red Hook Landing, east side, Dutchess co.
New-York, and 52 from Albany.
is 9G miles from
—
PostThere is an Upper Landing of this name, and a
The township is wealthy, and among its
Office at each.
some of the oldest and most considerable
inhabitants are
Several branches of the Livingston
of the State.
names
are distinguished by
family reside here, and their seats
structure.
choice of location and elegance of
NewSaugerties, west side, Ulster co. 103 miles from
west of
York, and 45 from Albany. The village is a mile
the Landing.
Catskill,
west
side,
Greene
York, and 36 from Albany.
112 miles from Newline of stages run from
co.
A
Tasscngers
here to Ithaca, as well as from Newburgh.
distant
intending to visit the Pine Orchard, which is
HMi!'!
about 9 miles irom the Hudson, and
A
is
elevated 3000 feet
I
�l;i
NIACAl^A PALLS
Hudson
jrerinans
above
tenants
rittering
lally
— Atliciis — 0\
majestic* scenery
Mountains, are nnich frequented by
in-
The
city of
Hudson,
New-
im
county.
ton Lane
opus.
city,
been
was
it
Considerable
from this
and
seat,
travellers.
commerce
foreign
from New-
the capital of Columbia
is
is
carried
on
and especially the whaling business has
with much energy. Those who visit
hvhnium Springs,
aiul the Slinker's village, debark here,
take the Jludson and Borkehire railroad, which runs
through Lebanon, and conveys passengers to the
Springs
It
atid
h bounds
isses into
$1 ,()2|, The water of these Springs is at the uniform
temperature of 72^ Fahreidieit. It is agitated by a confor
One mile
ware and
stant ennssion of nitrogen and azotic gas,
and the place
bcconu'ngone of considerable .esort.
chess CO.
Llbany.
j)r()secutcd
The Moun-
of the Catskill
east side, 111) miles
York, and 29 from Albany,
27
erHluiijrli.
wafer, disembark at this place.
tide
H0U8C, and the
tain
AND CANADA.
Athens, 119
—
nu"les
dy, lies opposite
d a Post-
ted,
among
is
its
msiderablc
and the
from
Hudson,
New- York, and 29 from Alba-
in
Greene
village rises pleasantly
fuished by
co.
It is incorpora-
from the
river.
Here
the dose of ship navigation.
Coxsackie, west side, Greene
York, ajul 21 from Albany.
Livingston
is
Kinderhook Laiuling, east
127 miles from New-
co.
side,
Columbia
co.
132 miles
from New- York, and 16 from Albany.
rom Newile
I
I
rom NcwI
run from
Passengers
is
distant
a 3000 fuel
New
Baltimore, west side, Greene co. 134 miles from
New- York, and 14 from Albany.
west of
Coeymans, west side, Albany
York, and 11 from Albany.
co.
Schodack Landing, Rensselaer
York, and 10 from Albany.
The Overslaugh, 145
from Albany,
is
co.
137 miles from New138 miles from New-
miles from
a shallow and
New- York, and 3
difficult part
of the river,
i
�'f^l^w
TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS,
28
Ciiy of Albiiiiy.
where vcBsels are often grounded, and the
larger class of
Steamboats are occasionnUy obliged to stop,
!
ntul
have their
boats.
passengers conveyed to the city by smaller
THE CITY OF ALBANY.
"
Co
forth into the fioMs,
Ye denizens of tlio- pent city's mart
Go forth and know tlie jiladness nature yiehlg
To the cure wearied heart."
'.
The
capital of the State of
39' 99'' north.
New- York
is in
latitude
In magnitude and importance,
it
is
42°
the
eecond city in the State.
At Albany,
travellers usually
make such
stay as their
Few leave the
amusement, business or interest demands.
The obtheir arrival.
after
city by the first conveyance
to be seen, some
interest about the city are first
jects of
be performed, or some
new arrangements
business
is to
be made
i!
not direct to the Falls of Nidistinctly described
agara, the different routes will be here
Albany, if he takes
During his stay at
to the traveller.
the necessary ininto consideration, by having
the subject
enabled to make up
formation before him, he will be better
As
\i
I-
1,1
to
their journey.
for the further prosccul ion of
I
his
the tour to the Springs
mind
is
h]
as to his future progress.
w
�NTAOAriA FALLS AND CANADA.
f^cheiuTtJ'.dy
—
29
IJallsloii iSpa.
of
r class
tiave their
ROUTE TO SAIIAT0(^A RPRLXGS, FROM ALBANY,
VIA SCHENf^CTADY.
Tbo
try,
<Mi(l
railrond oflipo f )r Scbciicotndy
and wcetorn counSnraloga, will be readily found, at the upiicr
of State street, on the riirht Ride, a sliort distance be-
and
for
The
fore reaching? the capitol.
fnj-c,
usually $2, to Sara-
toga, is paid at this oillce.
The
city of Schenectady,
from Saratoga,
name
—
lK)unds
day the
l9
it
it
lies
3,
ie
the
ny as their
vv
leave the
The
:.
seen,
ob-
some
igemente
to
rncy.
Falls of Nily described
if
he takes
lecessary into
make up
by the side of the
on the west.
of the savages.
it
10 miles from Albany and 22
the capital of the county of the
Mohawk
it is
The
same
which
river,
ItiP an old place, and in
inhai)itnn(s sulTored severely
tady, and
atilude 42°
is
its
early
from the incursions
Erie canal passes through Schenec-
a great thoroughfare for travellers, but their
stay here
is very short, the greatest number having
barely
time to pass from one set of cars to another.
On leaving Schenectady, the cars pass over a fine rail-
road bridge, and then turn in a northern direction.
Ballston Spa, 31 miles from Albany, and 7 from
Saratoga, is the county scat of Saratoga county.
It is a place
of considerable importance, and
it is
evident that there has
been no lack of cntcrpise on the part of the inhabitants, yet
it is
equally plain that
it is
ical Si)ring8 at this place
not
now
advancing.
The med-
once stood in the highest estima-
the visiting community gathered round them,
and
the public houses were crowded.
The :San3 Sotici, a
very large and spacious hotel, was erected; but Saratoga
tion;
has grown into popularity, and Ballston has been
measurably deserted.
a*;
Still
however, in the summer season,
it
has
�I
"HI""
TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRIX08,
30
Wiitcrv
a shnro ot'lho
luisiir'ss;
lict
— Troy
ninny bunrders sojourn nl the \nih\\c
houses, mid the visitors nro conslnntly jmssinir iVoin one
viDnge
two
(licsn
•
L
l|ltl
.
t»)
PasflinS
and the
•
lis
Iho other.
jilaces,
fnMn
ifl
The
37i
line t»n the raih-oad hetweeii
i
cents.
IJallHton, the
7
niih^s nro
soon run over,
traveller is landed at {Saratoga, J58 miles
from Al-
bany.
1
,
11
i
1
ROUTE TO SARATOGA SPRINGS PROM ALBANY,
VIA TROY.
A
steamboat generally runs hourly back and forth from
Albany to Troy; the fare is usually 12J cents. Stages run
every half hour
ses,
is
— they will
and put you down
25
in
take you up at the public hou-
any place you
direct.
The
fare
cents.
West Troy, on the west side of tlie Hudfrom Albany, and IM from Saratoga, is a
son, 5 miles
smart and growing village. A United States Arsenal, of
Watcrvlict, or
;i!
considerable magnitude,
The
i
city of
is
maintained at this
Troy, on the cast Eidt of the
jilace.
river,
6 miles
from Albany, and 33 from Saratoga, is the county seat
The river is here about 900 feet wide, and
of Rensselaer.
the tides of the ocean arc perceptible in a slight rise and
This Troy is hardly less famed than its
fall of the water.
great namesake of antiquity.
It is distinguished for
rapid yet sure and etablc growth,
for
its
the untiring enter-
M
�111
NIAOAUA FALLS AND CANADA.
— Walorford,
LanHiiijrlmrjj:!!
he
i)ublic
81
priHc of its citizens, and for the stream of
prosperity and
opulonee Uiat pours in upon them.
The traveller to tho
Sj)ring8 here lakes the railroad cars.
The ffire is 1,50.
inun one
helweeii
,f
Lansinghurgli, on Ihc east side of the Hudson, in ReusRolaer county, is 9 miles fnmi Albany, and 30
from Saratoga.
It is seen from the cars, and is a flourishing
place.
run over,
from Al-
11
Waterford, Saratoga couniy, on the west side of tho
where it is intersected with the Mohawk river, is
Frudsoi),
10 miles from Albany, and
considerable place, and
Tho
and
LBANY,
traveller is ready
f
the
the villnge.
Huda
ounty scat
\
wide, and
it rise
and
ed than
hed
its
for its
ring enter-
J
town
in
Saratoga county,
8 from Saratoga.
There
is
i
Ballston Spa, and from thence the route
The whole
fare
21 miles
is
A canal
runs thro'
considerable water for hydraulic
the next 7 miles, as on the
"Wl
6 miles
and the people
purposes, and a Cotton Factory has been fbr
operation.
A.r8ennl, of
r,
how do all the cities
from Albany to Waterford,
that the country adjoining is rich,
from Albany, and
fare
ace.
is
Mechanicsville, a
hou-
toga, is
a
is
industrious.
Singes mil
The
It
to inquire,
villages so near together
swer
)ul)lic
from Saratoga.
head of sloop navigation.
continue not only to maintain their ground, but to
improve
and flourish in an unprecedented maimer ? The only
an-
from
forth
2S)
the
is
first
some years
in
same
for
is
the
route from Schenectady.
on the route via Troy to Saratoga Sprintre,
*
i8from$l,G2to$l,75.
If it is the intention of the traveller
on leaving the
Springs to go to Niagara Falls, he is advised
to take the
route to the Springs, by the way of Troy,
and to leave
them by the way of Schenectady.
direct
way
to the
West.
In
all
He
will
then be on his
cases the tourist is advi-
sed to go to the Springs in one direction,
and to return
fcV
I
�riiii
TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINOS,
32
Kciiiiirks lo Travellers.
another:
he will
lose
no lime by so doing,
more
Thnre nre m\ innncnsc
unci
will ace
of the coimlry.
and west
pa8sin<5 onst
nuni])er of trnvcUcrs cofislnnlly
throii<j;h
Ihn
cilii^R
of AlbaTiy niid
who have never been at the S})rin<,'8, but
would like to visit them. They have never troubled themselves to ascertain how easy, and cheap, such u very desiSchcneolady,
rable gratification
li'
To
in
is to
be obtained.
go from Albany lo Schenccfndy via Troy nnd Sam-
toga Springs, costs the traveller for
than
to
go direct to Schenectady.
bany.
'!
$2,25 more
The same
Who
that can afford
it
would
for so small
tlie
most hasty
traveller,
can be of
a
sum
The time
forego the pleasure of a visit to the Spring??
too, to
extra ex-
from Schenectady via Saratoga, &c. to Al-
iSense occurs
1
fare, only
little
conse-
quence; a single day, or a night and half a day, will
suffice for a very hurried visit.
ROUTE FROM ALBANY TO NIAGARA FALLS,
The railroad fare from Albany through to Utica
The distance is 94 miles; and to Syracuse 147.
n
After passing the uninteresting pine
hills
is
$3,75.
from Albany,
the cars descend the inclined plane to the city of Schenectady, which
is
16 miles from Albany, and 131 from Syra-
cuse; they stop in the spacious depot in that place, and
>
the passengers change their seals to the cars that carry
them through
i
i
!l
.
1
to Utica.
�NIAGARA FALLS AND CANADA.
Atiistertlairi
The
will ace
)aTiy
nml
in<^8,
but
cd thcm^cry dcsi-
uid Sarn-
e.
to Al-
ii
a
Bum
rhe time
Many
S3
i
Rocktoii.
villages are passed,
Mohawk
some
of
is
extremely
them memo-
rable for revolutionary events;
others are just springing into
existence, and are dietinguished
by their new and fresh
appearance.
An.slenlam, Montgomery county,
is 32 miles from Albany, and 115 from Syracuse.
The village is of old date;
of late years it has taken
a new start, and it is in a thriving condition.
,2o nioro
?xtrn ex-
--
ride through the valley of the
pleasant.
Dfislnnlly
— Fonda
Fonda, 42 miles from Albany,
and 105 from Syracuse,
new place of two or three years
growth onl-; it is the
county scat of Fulton, a county
lately formed irom Montgomery.
The court house is a very respectable
building,
an<' the prospects of
general improvement appear
'8
a
favorable.
conse-
le
dny, will
ALLS.
is
$3,75.
Here
Schencc-
Dm
Syra-
ilace,
and
hat carry
an excellent eating house
for railroad
passengers
—
they stop ten minutes; the
same at Amsterdam, St. Johnsvilk and Little Falls, for the
purposes of refreshment.
Though it is not customary for
travellers in this country
to dispense with a single
meal, yet the effects of the ride on
the railroad, and the attractions
of the luxuriously spread
tables are such at these houses,
that the passengers usually
cat, as if they had not broken
their fast before for a week.
St. Johnsville, a small
village,
and 84 from Syracuse,
its
Albany,
is
is
63 miles from Albany,
noted to railroad travellers by
house of refreshment.
Rockton, or Little Falls, Herkimer
county, is 73 miles
from Albany, and 74 from Syracuse.
This place has abundance of fine mill seats. The
Mohawk is here broken by
many httle islands and rocks past which
it descends with
much force, forming a variety of cascades
and little falls.
An acqucdact bridge crosses the river to
the Erie canal.
#1
I
�I
1
MHi
TOrR TO SAKATOdA SPRTNOS,
34
rticn
The
_ Uoiiu^— Svriu'usp.
very wild and bold Hccnnry nroiiiid llookton, uinkcB
a Bpot whicli the IravcUcr looks
Herkimer,
is
n post
The
Si)
town on
with
ii|)oii
miles from Albnny, nad
it
Krcnt interest.
()7
from Syrneiisc,
the Gcrmnii Flats.
city of Ulicn, the enpilal of
Oneida county,
is
i)4
The central
miles from Albnny, and 53 from Syracuse.
conmianding trade.
Bitualion of this city has long given it a
An
unostentatious opuleiux-, niul
a
competency,
happy
arc the characteristics of a large portion of
its
inhnbitnnts.
At Utica the traveller purchases a ticket in the oflice of the
Depository at which the cars stop for Syracuse, at $2, the
distance of 53 miles.
The
route of the Syracuse road goes through Whites-
town, distant 100 miles from iVlbany, and 49 from Syrah
-
cuse, situated on a level near the
The
v"
Inge of
Rome,
M(»hnwk
river.
miles from Albnny, and 40 from Syracuse.
After the
built by the British, in 1758.
war,
it
was
cnlled Fort Schuyler.
discernable, near the bnidv of the
The
is
107
Fort
was
formerly Fort Stnnwix,
The
revolutionary
Its ruins are slightly
Mohawk
river.
road passes through some other small villages that
are springing up at different intersecting thoroughfares.
Syracuse,
place has
is
53 miles from Utica, by the
grown
railroad.
This
into importance since the construction of
the Erie canal, and has become the county seat of OnThe manufacture of salt is here carried on exondaga.
by boiling the water and by evaporation.
More than one hundred acres are covered with sheds and
vats for evaporating; and the salt thus made is consid-
tensively, both
ered superior.
Syracuse
is
a central point for travellers; in going west
�—
1
m
NIAGARA FALLS AND CANADA.
85
i
t'annl Trav<!lliiip.
I
f
;
iimkcs
it
from
tjiis
place, throe diflercnt routes arc prcbeiitcd.
tcrest.
hy the Erie
iyrneiisc,
Lockporl; thence
and
Htuirc to
directly through
cniuil,
l)y
lo
Ono
Jldchesfcr
railroad to the Falls.
Oswego, thence hy steanihoats
One hy
1
i
and
canal
Lewiston,
lo
1
ly, is i)4
cent ml
3
trnde.
11^
ipotcncy,
and railroad
he
to
trails.
And
the other hy railroad to
Auburn, and stages thence to Rochester, or Canandaigua
to Bullalo, and railroad to the Falls; or
hy stages to
Lockport, and railroad to the Falls.
inbilnnts.
ice
of the
$2, the
I
ROUTE FROM SYRACrSE, BY CANAL, TO
NIAGARA FALLS.
Whitrs-
m
Syia-
wns
F«irt
lulionnry
3
After the fatigue of the cars,
107
is
c,
slightly
direct fr(,ni Albany,
the passenger has
if
147 miles,
it
is
on board of the Packets.
He can sit, or sleep, and in
other respects find himself entirely at his
ease.
The fare
to Rochester, 99 miles, is $4, with board.
The
is
igcs that
fnres.
uction of
t
of
On-
part,
if
there are
of,
yet
many
it is far
passcng.;^^..
better than
is
cannot be favorably
allowed by the jar of
the railroad cars, or the swing of post
coaches.
About
two days travelling on the canal is always an
agreeable
change from other modes of conveyance.
d on ex-
The
iporntion.
Miles from
Syracuse.
sheds
and
s consid-
aing west
tabic
provided about as well as at ihe good hotels;
the lodging
spoken
This
d.
come
a great relief to go
2
8
9
.
.
villages passed
.
.
on the canal are
Miles from
Rocliester.
.
.
Geddesburgh, Onondaga
Nine Mile Creek,
"
.ninilliifi.
co.
.
.
97
.
.
91
I
j>
•3
�—
TOUR TO SARATOr.A
36
^^m\
HPRINCff,
'
Canal Truvclling.
^H
I^^H
^^H'
^H
"\
Miles from
HyrucuHC.
^^H
14
20
26
27
29
35
46
55
i
^^^^H
^^^^^^^y
i
^H
^H
^H
^H
^H
^H
,,
ir
.
•
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Wecdsport,
.
.
Con Ire
.
.
.
.
.
Montc/iima,
.
.
.
.
.
Port,
.
)>
1*
Wayne
Clyde,
.
co.
>>
Port Byron,
.
Cayuga
Lyons,
co.
**
^
i
02
65
70
.
Newark,
.
Port Gibson,
M
.
Fairport,
.
.
^^1
83
89
^H
^H
^H
^H
^H
^H
^H
^H
.
Fill lam's
'
,
At
!
:
51
Rochester,
I i
slop
.
34
at the
.
29
Lewist
.
18
loconio
co.
.
10
.
10
Ridge
•
the disf
The
again puse nted to the
is
and
Milos
conveyances to Ni agara Falls,
.ock port.
continuance by the cnnnl
— a boat
after the arrival of the eastern boat.
;j
;
tt
The
ij-
fare is
shortly
from
11
$2
The
vi llages
.
19
.
40
.
43
passed are
.
35
to $2,50 to Lockport; the disl ance 63 miles.
'
•:
fr(
Iloclicsl
.
leiivcs
,
^
.
The
^
;
tei
.
1''
First,
ccn
.
1
vii.
.
Fron
»»
the city of Rochester, there
traveller difTerent routes
.
03
•
Monroe
Pittstbrd,
.
.
.
.
.
Basin
.
,
.
.
45
37
))
99
1
.
44
.
>»
^
.
.
.
>>
Palmyra,
.
.
Ontario co.
:
81
39
.
Lockvillc,
.
.
\
44
38
'
M
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
35
.
.
.
27
79
73
72
70
04
53
.
.
Jordan,
.
li
1
.
•
.
.
.
11
iiOrliC:^
'^^
co.
>>
61
i!
^^B
H^H
nondaga
Cnnlon,
.
.
.
Miles
Croiii
Hocliesier.
»•
^^^^^^^1
^^H(
Miles
.
1
iMilcs to
IMilos froii1
.plr'
^^1
-
'
;
y
Lockpori.
llniilicster •
^H
^H
^B
^H
10
i:
12
15
;::'
^
20
9i%
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Spencer's Basij 1,
Ogden,
Adams,
Brockport,
Hnllnv.
J
,
53
53
.
51
:.
.
48
1
.
.
.
.
co.
.
.
Monroe
.
43
1
.
.
2S
^
>»
>i
»>
Ol'lenns co.
'^'
1
^^^^H
\*f
61
.
.
And
,
The
G
lavia,
�—
MAfJARA FALLS ANL CANADA.
37
liockporl and Nia»(iira Full-i llailroarl.
from
.Miles Irorii
Itoi'linsKT.
Ilotlicstcr.
MiU',4
Miles to
Lockp'.irt.
.
85
27
.
.
Murrny,
.
7J)
35
.
.
Alliiori,
Orleans
co.
.
7:i
39
.
.
Portvillo,
»
72
70
.
44
.
.
Oiik Orchard,
n
45
.
.
Modinn,
.
.
.
f)4
.
.
.
.
51
.
.
53
44
38
(13
.
.
.
«
f^*y
.
18
.
10
Ridgc
Nia<mra
.
co.
12
n
Lockjjorf,
-
w
#
•
cars.
That
Canada take the
2 miles. Tho
village is di^^tant only
road.
The
fare is ,f<2,50 in
summer
the
ecason;
the distance 01 miles.
The
ted to the
INTilos
Falls,
villages paased arc
from
Milop to
Lockpwrt.
Itoclicsicr.
G
from
.
Greece,
.
.
Parma,
It
19
^2
.
11
vcs shortly
is
IJ)
18
locomotive and train proceed on, 7 miles, to
the Falls.
The second route from Rochester is hy stage, on
tho
•
i,fara
.
.
it
at the Junction, the passengers going to
Lewiston
IG
.
Miihilcport,
28
24
From Lockport to the Falla, hy railroad, 24 miles;
furc,
1/ cents. At the village ef Pokin, lU miles, the
cars
slop ten mimitcs, (o wood and water.
5J miles further,
37
34
.
36
(I
.
.
.
Clarksoji,
»»
Monroe
35
Gaines,
.
Oak
.
.
.
.
.
.
And
48
The
43
,
,A
lavia,
m\
42
Hartland,
Gl
51
55
50
Ridge way,
53
38
.
.
43
IMilcs to
Lockporl,
.
40
CO.
Orleans
^*>
co.
Orchard,
18
8
Lockport,
to tho Falls,
third route
by railroad, 24 miles.
from Rochester, is by
Gcncaec county;
fare, for
32 m\\v».
railroad, to
ia
*!
r^\
Ca-
n:
From
i]
�J
'
dl ll|)|
'»IW I»l|'WII!'iW
llll ll
III
TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS,
38
Coiupurutive ExpeiiscH.
Ihencc by singe
'.^2
miles,
iiire
Bullhlo, o9 niik-B, fare $2,50.
$\,^yO,
And
1o
road, or Btenmbonl, lo Niagara Falls,
Or
Loekporl.
Iroiii
to
by
rail-
fare
87
theiicc
22 miles,
cent 8.
These routes present
Bulls, as to
The
to the traveller the following rc-
expense:
and railroad from thence
by packet,
to
Lockport,
to the Falls, the cost is
$3,47 and
route from lloehester,
first
board, 63 miles.
2d. Stage by the Ridge road and railroad, $3,47.
3d. Railroad to Balavia, stage to Lockport,
4th. Railroad to Batavia, stage to BuiValo,
«fcc.
and
$3,97.
railroad
to the Falls, $4,87J.
ROUTE FROM SYRAtiUSE, BY LAKE ONTARIO.
Packet boat, or stage, to Oswego, at the month of Os-
iiiif:
on Lake Ontario, 38 miles; fare, $1,50. From
thence by steamboat, to Lewiston, on (he Niagara river,
150 miles; fare, $4. From thence to the Falls, by rail-
wego
Hill
river,
road, 7 miles; fare
As
its
it is
50
cents.
desirable to see
Lake Ontario, and
to pass over
deep green waters, either in going up or returning,
it
the tourist goes \o
reconmicnded to take this route, li'
Canada, the canal, or land route had bettor be taken in
going to the Falls, and the lake in pawaing down, or rcis
15
�NrAOARA FALLS AND CANADA.
Kates of Fare
Or
)rl.
to
turmiig.
cc by railfare
?,
to
87J
T.) persons
Upper
(lio
and
route,
is
e(;onoinieaI
time and money, preferable;
llowing rc-
Dislfiiict^fl.
bound to tbc
J.fikcH, Ibis
an
in
—
39
cily of
Bufiiilo,
or
a pleasant and expeditious
point of view, botb
and
travellers
as to
on busincBs
bavo an oi)i)ortunity of seeinor ibe Falls without exand without going out of their way. The time tlic
will
Vi'UBOy
>
Lockport,
proprietors ndvertise to carry passengers from
Syracuse to
$3,47 and
Niagnra Falls,
is 2-2
hours; and to Bufialo, in tbc short
space of 2'.H hours.
15,47.
Xsc. $:.{,97.
11(1
ruihoad
ROUTE FROM SYRACUSE, RY AUBURN.
To Auburn,
Auburn
i)u(h
to
distance
STAKIO.
is
of Os-
From
9
11
by
by
15
.
.
.
Cayuga Bridge, Cayuga
co.
.
.
.
.
.
Seneca
co.
.
.
.
.
2G
22
.
.
16
Falls,
to pass over
eturning,
rist
.
.
Waterloo,
.
.
.
Geneva,
.
.
.
Canandaigua,
Ontario
co.
28
"
From Canr.ndaigiia, this routes divides again into two
one leading to Rocheatcr, by railroad, 20
miles; faro
$l,12i; where the traveller will take one of the
it,
goes to
be taken in
own, or
Seneca
"
.
37
rail-
From
Miles Jo
Canaiulaigua.
21
ills,
railroad; fare,
.f 1,25.
JMilcs from
Au!)urii,
igara river,
,50.
2(5 miles,
Canndnigua, the conveyance is by stage; tho
37 miles, and the villages it passes through are,
routes
alrcatly described,
rc-
4
from that
city to the Falls.
�I
r-!!!|!r:'^r't;;i);n:Sttg*~!'s*^K
40
TOUR TO SARATOGA BPRINGS,
Avon
Or
Spritifrs,
he pleases, he may take the road
if
Btage, distance
88
inilce,
to
Buffalo by
and pass through the following
villages:
Miles from
Milos to
Caiiaiulaigua.
Bulialo.
8
.
.
East Bloomfield, Ontario
13
.
.
.
West Bloomfield,
18
il
.
,
t
.
Lima,
,
,
,
East Avon,
.
,
.
Avon,
23
25
[Two
J
They
80
co.
75
Livingston co.
>>
65
»
C3
miles north of Ihis village arc Ihe
The
are sulphurous.
70
Avon
Springs.
ncct)mniodations for visitors
nre such as are required, and Ihose Springs of late years
have been growing
in favor
with the public]
33
.
,
Caledonia,
39
il.l
.
.
.
.
Le Roy,
43
.
.
Stafford,
i»
.
45
.
.
Batavia,
If
.
39
49
56
62
70
78
88
I
Livingston
Genesee
.
.
.
.
.
Pembroke,
.
.
.
Clarence,
.
.
.
Williamsville.
.
.
.
City of Buffalo.
co.
East Pembroke,
.
co.
55
49
32
•I"
Erie CO.
26
18
10
*t
91
Pi
N. B.
On
some routes the
mated, as on such
periods
gaged
it
for,
it
price of fare is not esti-
has been found to vary at different
has been travelled over, upon the distance en-
and
for other causes, satisfactory to the propri-
etors of the differejit lines, if not to the traveller.
�I
NIACfARA FALLS
J)istiincc.s
AND CANADA.
J. t
41
from UurtUlo.
I
Buffalo by
following
5
THE CITY OF BUFFALO.
or
Milos to
Ihis rising city of Iho
Bulialo.
<»t
.
75
.
.
.
111
for
70
fipeak.
C3
lliat
It
there
•
late years
tfi
49
45
18
10
The
not
it
it
should be
over the deep green waan object cheering to the mind and
delightful to
Steamboats leave BuHiiio every evening
and morning;
and a stage leaves every morning for the
west.
The price
of cabin passage on the steamboats to
Detroit is eight dollars, and intermediate jiorts in
projjortion.
•
8
of the Lakes, as
the main chamiel of travel to the
great west is
through this city, some information
as to distances beyond
Buffalo, will here be given.
26
.
The City
As
32
.
all,
the eye of the tourist.
39
.
admitted by
cnlled, already rising beautifully
55
.
is
is
onward course.
ters, is
.
it
retard
visitors
.
suflicientto say, that
is
no location that can become its
rival, and no
untoward circumstances, can but for
a short period
Springs.
.
li
its
necessary to
65
.
West, of the high OBpirations
connnanding position as to comincrcAnl advantages, of tlie
proud eminence to which it has
already risen, and to the high
destiny of its future prosperity and greatness, it is not
in this volume
80
.
ilsntizcne, of
different
distances to various points on the lakes
itf^
arc—
esti-
From
"
ietancc entlie propri-
Portland,
Ene..
;;
......
.......
Buffalo to Dunkirk,
;;
Salem,
Miles.
45
60
90
jjg
Ashtabula,
130
Grand River,
153
Cleveland,
*
133
I*
4*
m
I
�Wi
TOUR TO BARATOOA SPRINGS,
42
(ioiiij;
from
~
Niag.'irii Fiills.
Miles.
13ii(r»ilo
235
SQiidiisky,
From
Huron,
to
250
Detroit,
"
"
"
For
600
750
Green Bay,
"
furflicr
810
Mackinaw,
"
"
information to emigrants and
are bound west from the city of Buffalo,
tern Guide
Book"
is
Pi
1000
Chicago,
recommended
"
who
Wes-
travellers
Steele's
as a very useful work.
ROUTES FROM NIAGARA FALLS, THROUGH
CANADA.
i
Travellers,
!
!
when
in
the western pari of the State of
i
New- York,
1|!
!
^M
frequently
come
to the conclusion to
make
a
tour in Canada, and not having provided themselves with
directions,
suitable
they
find
it
very
at
times require information which
difficult to obtain.
For the convenience of those who wish
to
extend their
journey beyond the Falls, the following information has
been brought together.
!
i
The
Falls,
of late years, have
I
i
become very
justly the great centre of attraction,
usually receive the
first visit
branch off to scenes of
less
which
of tourists, and thence they
magnitude, as business or
curiosity leads them.
The
It
'
city of Buffalo is the place of general
embarkation
^
III Iff,.
for
all
the countries, lakes, and
rivers
beyond.
The
traveller car* reach Buffalo from the Falls, on the Canada
nnrl
�t
!
NIAGARA PALLS AND CANADA.
St. Catherines
—
43
11
Haiiiiltoii.
Miles.
Bide,
235
1
250
by stage or
iilcnsnnt travelling
600
American side, he will find it
on 1 he Buffalo and Niagara Falls rail-
road, as a considerable portion of the route
750
eidc of the river.
1000
«aiul\vich,
who
Wes-
i^ellcrs
eful
Chippewa, two miles, and
or, by crossing the
ferry at the Falls, to the
310
cle's
raih'oad, to
hence by steamboat, twenty miles;
or other portions of
places, to take
runs by the
It is usual for person,? visiting
Canada
Maiden,
west of those
steamboat from Buffalo.
Jf the tourist confines his ramble within
a short
work.
com-
pass, there are, in the vicinity of the
Falls, several places
may attract his attention, not mentioned in the
jaunt
Canada, in the after part of this work.
AIlGiisburgJi, 8 miles west from the Falls,
and 596 from
Quebec, is a smoll village on the Wellond
canal; a good
that
to
LOU Gil
rond leads to H, which passes llirough
a fine country.
St. Davids, 6 miles nortji from
ihc Fulls,
i
and 588 from
e
to
Quebec,
State of
make
3elve8
tion
with
it
lies
10 miles west from the Falls, and
canal runs through it.
It is a thriving village, and of
considerable business.
Hamilton, is west 40 miles, by land,
and 50 miles by
steamboat navigation from Niagara,
and 630 from Quebec.
It is near the head of Lake
Ontario.
It is situated on a
beautiful plain, skirted on one
side by the mountain and
on the other by the green meadow
lands lying between it
and the lake. It is one of the first
class of Towns in the
595 from Quebec.
have
which
hence they
jusiness or
mbarkation
The
av
village;
St. Catherines, is
matiou has
ond.
retired
circumstance of the
W(;llnnd canal, at this place, being
cut nearly 100 feet in
the mountain.
ctend their
ion,
a pretty,
below the
mountain ridge, 2 mileg west of
Queenston.
The Deep Cut, 8 miles west from
the Falls, and 596
from Quebec, has its name from
the
a
which
l^ears,
is
nada
The Welland
i
li
I
.
�44
TO HAIIATOGA SPRINGS,
TOITR
Uraiilford
— Toronto.
Upper Provincp, and is n very business
taining nluMil oOOO iiilinbitnnte.
Grand River,
Brantford, on
like
plnce, con-
25 miles fiirlhcr, and is
and 080 from Quebec. Along
Ihe borders of (Jrand River reside Ibo renmant of the
65 miles from
Mobawk
tlic
is
Falls,
Indians, vvbo, mider Rrant, baving taken sides
witb Ibo Brilisb govorinnent,
in tbc revolutionary war,
bad a large tract of land allotted to tbem on tbc borders
of (bin river.
Tberc
is
a line of stages wbicb run daily from liowis-
lon and Queenslon, tbrougb Canada to Detroit, jjassing
";i:
;
tbrougb
ter,
SI. Davids, St.
Toronto,
Jianjilton,
Ancas-
44 miles from Ibo
is
side of tbc lake,
I'
Quebec.
If
Catbcrines,
Brantford and Jjondon.
It
Falls, on the nortbern
and 100 miles by land, and 550 from
contains
about
12,000
inbabitants.
It
is
'i
built
by tbc side of tbe bay of tbe same name.
tifications are at a sbort distance
from tbe
city,
Tbe
for-
on a point of
land wbicb conunands (be entrance into tbe harbor. Tberc
are several well built streets in Toronto, and
many
gov-
ennnent and other buildings of ample dimensions and in
good style. Tbe College at this place is well endowed,
and
is
a well conducted and an excellent institution.
precincts around tbe city are handsomely improved.
'U
chards, gardens,
l
and tbc dwellings of wealthy
Tbc
Or-
peojile arc
1,1
The lands
many miles in
seen in every direction.
about Toronto arc
very
all
fertile,
country
lliii
is
and
for
directions, the
well populated by able farmers.
Travellers from tbe American or British side, can cmbark on board of steamboats at Lcwiston or Queenslon, 7
miles from the Falls, and 585 from Quebec, or at any
�NIAGARA FALLS AND CANADA.
45
m
Oswego— Kiiifr.sion.
plnce, con-
hcr,
nnd
oc.
Along
is
mill of the
Inkoii sides
(uiaiy wnr,
the borders
om
liowis-
»i1,
Ancas-
the St. Lawrence.
If the tourist desires to go
to the
Province, he will take a steamboat
from the Niagara river, or, if he prefers an overland
route, he can take
the railroad cars, and pass through
the villages of Pekin
and Lockport, 24 miles from the
Falls, and 5C9
Lower
from
Quebec; thence by packet or stage,
and railroad, to the
cily of Rochester, the whole
distance 85 miles, and 507
from Quebec.
Those
]m8sijig
an,
of the i)ort8 on the river below,
for Hnmilton, Toronto,
Kingston, or from the American ports
on the lake, or of
The
e northern
550 from
I
It
Ills.
The
nn
for-
poiiit
)or.
is
of
There
nmny
gov-
ons and in
endowed,
1
tion.
The
3ved.
Or-
peojile are
oronto are
ctions, the
travellers
who
did not come to the Falls by
this
a very pleasant one on their
return.
ride on the railroad, along
the brow of the mountain
route, will find
is delightful.
it
I
The
great combined locks at Lockport,
and
the thousands of laborers now
engaged in blasting the
rocks and excavating the earth
fbr the enlarged canal,
are
well worth seeing.
The number, too, of beautiful and
Irt
flounshmg villages along this route
-the rich and prosperous country- the city of
Rochester -the great acque-
duct-the
falls
great interest.
of the Genesee river
At Rochester
-are
the tourist
is
all
objects of
again on the
great thoroughfare of travel;
and stages, railroad cars and
packet boats, are ready for his
accommodation.
To Oswego, from Lcwiston, by
the lake, is 150 miles,
and 452 from Quebec
To Sacket's Harbor, from Oswego,
40 miles; and is 197
from the Falls, and 412 from
Quebec.
To Cape Vincent, from Sacket's
Harbor, 20
and
IS
L57 from the
Falls,
miles
3,
can cm-
leension, 7
or at
any
Kmgston, Upper Canada, now
the capital of both Provmces, lies opposite Cape
Vincent, distant 11 miles,
and
.s 200 mdes
from Niagara Falls, and
392 from Quebec.
:'l;
I
�I
TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS,
46
Uidcaii Cuiial
It conlains nhont
GOOO
merly Fort FronliiiQc;
— Sf.
liiiwrrMKn Uivrr.
This place was
inlinbilnnls.
it is
for-
on tho northern shore of
built
Lawrence, at its junclion with Lake Ontario.
The river is here 10 miles wide. The Thousand Islands
commence immediately below Kint^slon, and are scattered
The fortifications
in the river for a distance of 50 miles.
the St.
at Kingston are of considerable strength, and in reference
to military
and naval operations,
it
is
considered an im-
portant point.
I
i
1
1
li
commences in the bay; and is five
It was built at the expense of the
miles from Kingston.
British government, and principally for military purposes, in aftbrding an internal communication between the
The Rideau
canal
i
The whole
Upper and Lower Provinces.
distance from
Kingston, by the Rideau canal, to Montreal,
1
There is a variety of r
the Rideau and Ottawa
!
dire, the
i
Rideau
falls,
is
280
miles.
3rc8ting objects along the canal
—
Chau-
rivers, the cataract of the
extensive lakes, and some pleasant
villages.
the St. Lawrence, the conveyance
By
to Dickerson's Landing,
110
is
by steamboat
miles, passing
Miles to
Miles from
Niagara Falls.
250
.
Ciuebec.
Upper Canada,
St. Lawrence county, N. Y.
Prcscott, Upper Canada,
Ojjdensljiirgh, St. Lawrence county, N. Y.
JM2
Ikockvillc,
Morristown,
4
270
.
310
.
322
.
363
.
379
.
103
.
112
=.
.
320
Dickerson's Landing, by stage, 12 miles, to
282
.
From
Cornwall,
Thence
Thence
Thence
Thence
Lower Canada,
by steamboat 41 m.
by stage 16 miles,
by
to
to
.
.
....
Coteau du
liac, li.
Cascade, L. C.
steanilioat 24 miles, to lia Chicn,
bv stage 9 miles,
I
to Montreal,
,
C
270
.
229
213
L. C.
IF!)
.
180
�;l
NfAr.ARA PALLS AND CANADA.
Moiiireal
ice
was
Drii
shore of
The
for-
47
— Quebec.
distance from Kingston, by the
St. Lawrence, to
Montreal,
is
2)2
miles.
The
fine
scenery along the river,
vG Ontario,
of lakes
and Islands
and picturesque views, of rising towns
and elegant seats,
and the many scenes made
memorable by historical
events, always chann and annise
the traveller.
re scattered
brtifications
in reference
^rcd
and
lapide, of islands
Besides the
an im-
many
objects
and rocky
shores, of wild
II
which the city of Montreal
afTords to attract the attention
of <he tourist, the village
of Varennes, on account of its
medical spring and
fine
and
prospect, has
is five
lensc of the
tary purpo-
stance from
8
280
miles,
—
the Chaune pleasant
steamboat
I
(iuebec.
where
•,
L. C.
L. C.
Some
miles up the St '
Shawinncgame, of 100
Richelieu rapids
commence 7
{^^\.
miles below the
Three Rivers, and is 504 miles from
Niagara Falls,
b8 from Quebec. The navigation
is considered
m the night,
a,id
danger-
2S2
ous
270
DS, to
village
it
gara Falls, and 95 from Quebec.
Maurice, are the flxlls of the
The
320
The
the bank of the river
unites with the St. Lawrence.
The next place of importance is the
Three Rivers at
the mouth of the St. Maurice,
and is 497 miles from Nia
Sorel,
Miles to
of nuich resort.
Pursuing the route down the river,
William Henry is
40 miles from Montreal, 4G7 miles from
Niagara Falls
and 125 from Quebec. It is on
'
J
])Iace
is 15 miles from the
city, 427 miles from
Niagara Falls,
and 165 from Quebec; and the spring
is about a mile from
the village.
A steamboat runs from Montreal to this
J)lace twice a day, and the
boats that ply lo and from
Quebec usually slop.
)etween the
the canal
become a
passed in the day time.
220
The
213
IB
IF!)
180
and by steamboats the rapids
are always
distance to Quebec from
Montreal, by steamboat,
180 mdes, and from Niagara Falls
592 miles.
traveller
having arrived
The
in this city, so
ceicbiated for the
11
�TOUR TO SARATOGA SPRINGS,
48
Uoiitc
Itptiirniin,'
many
great cveulsof vvhioli
from
it
(.iucli"*'.
been the theatre, and
lias
for its strong Ibrtiticatione, will, at liia leisure,
nied by tomo well informed citizen,
all
the
locations
around the
in
and
>r
accompa-
hired guide, visit
of attraction within and
objects
city.
Montmorcnei are eight miles northeast of
Quebec, on the river of the same name, and near the
The
St. Lawrence; being (iOO miles from Niagara Falls.
The
Falls of
height of the Fall
is
240
feet, or
feet higher than the
72
but the immense volume of water of
The falling sheet is about
the great cataract is wanting.
100 feet wide, or about the same width as that of the
Falls of Niagara,
centre
iil.
fall
of Niagara,
The
Cave.
which passes over
Ingrahain's
great height, however, of these
Falls,
and
the singular beauty which pervades the whole wild and
romantic scene,
is
the admiration of
who have had an
all
opportunity of beholding them.
On
the route between the Falls of
the city,
is
Montmorenci and
the Indian village Lorette.
Some
views of the surrounding and distant scenery
from
4
beautiful
is
afforded
this village.
There are several other places in the vicinity of Quebec
of considerable interest, which are pohited out to strangers,
and are frequently
visited.
In returning, the usual route
from thence by steamboat
is
back
to
Montreal
—
1
to
I'!'
Miles to
Albany.
Miles from
3Iontrcul.
7
.
La
24
.
Thence by
33
.
By steamboat
Prairie,
Lower Canada,
...
.
railroad to St. Johns, L. C. 17
to Isle
Aux
.
243
m. 226
Noix, L. C. 14 m. 212
The
public
c
sf
road to
;
'>!)cratior
�NIAGARA FALLS AND CANADA.
Itouto from
bcalrc,
and
giiidc, visit
To
and
60
'*
uorlbcast of
101
near Ibe
139
Bi-rlington,
,
Tbo
154
.
cr
tbau Ibc
178
.
ol"
water of
200
brails.
Allumy,
Rouse's Point, L. C. 10 miles,
Cbazy, Clinton county, N.
Y. 12 miles!
Plattsburgh, "
75
d
lo |]oBtoii.
Miles to
48
wit bin
.
Crown
i>
15
Vermont,
Hill,
203
.
15
Glen's Falls, N. Y.
.
Saratoga,
Falls,
le
and
will only depart
lave
Albany.
had an
Qorcnci and
ne beautiful
J is
afforded
|
M
3
l\
47
north, the tourist
about 15 miles out of the
direct route to
The whole tour from New-York
(o Saratoga Snr;„.e
N,agara Falls, Q„oboe, and
back ,o the .Ty of New!
York w,ll comprise a distance
of abo.U 1,W0 miles,
and
may be accompl.shed m the summer
season, by hose
whose ambition is rapidity of
moven.ent, in
y of Quebec
96
72
50
i>
20
And from thence to Albany, 38 miles
In going to the Springs
from the
wild and
140
111
22
223
Ingrabam's
175
24
N. Y.
about
190
38
Ticonderoga, N. Y.
Whiteball, N. Y.
Sandy
202
2C
Point, N. Y.
tbat of Ibc
icet is
49
Milea from
Montreal.
accjuipa-
,
Alhany
aays, and at an expense of
from
$50
to
less
than
,-
\
1(.
$70.
ut to etranr
Montreal
—
.
243
\ 17 m.
;.
ROUTE PIIOM ALBANY TO
BOSTON, (mass.)
Miles to
Albany.
14 m. 212
The
citizens of
Boston have ovmced a
i,reat
M.c.^ntind.Wngiorwardtbec^
^^
--i-_r- tM)ni Bo.tn„ to
Z:;^Zj^:^''1'T'''^^
Sprin,ri,eld:
de^rro
ot
completed, and ,n
!
uud
it
Ib
expected
I
�Mtfiil
iMlMM
50
ROUTE FROM ALBANY TO BOSTON.
Time
of IcuvinR Alhiiny
— Fare.
that from Springfield to Albany, a distance
the road will be completed in lees
fore that time, the
Buffalo, or
Lockport
the
will
6()
also
34
n.iles
ol"
104 miles,
Be-
than two years.
of railroad from Batavia to
Rochester to
mil^q of railroad from
be tinished.
There
will
then bo a
direct railroad conmiunication from Boston to Niagara
Falls, and Buffalo, a distance of about 520 miles.
The communication now between Albany and Boston
is
by stages and railroad
cars,
and the
fare
through
is
but
$6.
From Albany, there are two daily lines of stages.—
The Telegrai)h mail leaves at 5 o'clock, P. M. and arrives at Springfield the
next day in time
for
the afternoon
cars, and goes through to Boston, 204 miles, in 24 hours.
The Accommodation coach leaves every morning at 6
o'clock, and arrives at Springfield the same evening to
The passengers are the next day conveyed by
lodge.
railroad to Boston by 12 o'clock.
Hi.!
.!
�—
N.
104
milcfl,
Be-
rears.
Batavia to
ochester to
then bo a
Niagara.
to
'
I
lee.
and Boston
ough
if
is
but
stageB.
M. and
le
ar-
afternoon
n 34 hours,
orning at 6
evening
to
lonveyed by
ti
i
f
'
�^ J
@
fe
4
Hi
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I!
IC
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Descrip
DIRJ
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!
ill'
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1!'^
IH
�PART
II.
JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.
11
PUBLIC HOUSES,
Description of Springs, Virtue in
DIRECTIONS AS TO DRINKING
AND
tlie
USING
cure of Diseases
THE WATERS.
ANALYSIS.
BATHING— USE OF THE BATH.
SARATOGA VILLAGE — AMUSEMENTS,
I
&c.
,
�Thc(
porters
r.i
The
tra
room
th(
having
I
better
1
tc
hi the c
irrcFipoiif
bills
thr
never be
Lodgi;
the pnrlj
like, if
i
5
�JAUNT TO SARATOGA.
ARRIVAL AT THE SPRINGS.
"
Madam, this way, here is our sitting room.
The day is pleasant, Sir — Pray be seated —
Happy to serve you — Any orders, Sir ?
The baggage? It shall be seen too — A room ?
With pleasure I'll show you one or more."
;
i
The
cars with the passengers drive into the
depot, the
porters from the different public houses
surround them.
The travellers will observe painted on the sides of
the
room the names of 1he public houses, the porter
to each
having his appropriate stand.
In selecting a house,
it
is
better to depend
upon the advertisement of the proprietor
in the columns of some respectable
newspaper, than the
irresponsible recommendation of runners,
or of anonymous
bills
thrust into cars
and stages.
never be depended on.
Lodgings having been procured
Those things should
to the satisfaction of
the party; after ablutions, dressing,
rcfreshmcnis and the
like, if in health they
hasten to the fountains.
The first
5*
,
\
�SPIIINGS.
JAUNT TO SABATOGA
54
Congrosa Spring.
Visit to
"n
aircction
r^n.rrPHR Soring;
*
t
-l^-fl'l^-^ZJXi
It « nea
pre-eminent.
phil
of
tto southern „art
,
>^
wbieU hnkta three hnlf
lias lon«,' Blood
it
^^
tmnblerf,
l>o
^^_^
d pB
^^^^.^^_
m
he
to
:l,anar.»c»tho.parU.:,.s«a,.U.ecU^^^^^^
II
rise te
„3.,any
This
UUen.
is
eno„,b
nnU
of the
upon a mediea conrse
^siu' has determined
etlecis.
of their virtuca and
ters- or is
ll
II!
I
Hav n,
informed
tasted of these
the
wa
v. .tors
delightful waters the
visit UJio
Main street, in order to
oft" "eturn to the
comn.enee at the most
conrse: they
Springs in a regtUar
eouthern.
-
T, t,
Broadthe
at me lower end of
It IS
Wasuincton Speiso.
west
wav on Main street, on the
ZsTfme tninoral
cholvbeate, saline,
ZZu
dlL
t^
who
feeble
Slowness of
f
„._,,
They arc
reduced by
who have been much
any
and languid, without
,«amma,ion, and
In.
and catharUe.
diuretic
to persons
ar
ae.d gas.
and earbonie
n.ese waters are
This Sp ng pu
predominant .nahties are
its
water;
s,de.
who
"-"»-'
arc
local or
^^^^'^^f^'t^^i
^f"f;:^'^,X
rje::;g:L"rC\::u—tionofthe
—
:;rri:hfr:r:.-.spring^om.ur
to eight tumblers
may be
used each day.
improved
operate favorably, an
When
appetite will iollow.
the
When
1
�JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.
55
roluinbiiin and Coriffross S[)rinj;s.
they oppress the stomach, cause nausea, hot flushings with
diarrhoea, and at times costivcness, they should be imme-
g stood
part of
pring
—
^
he founitB
them
or
until the
the wa-
Garden surrounds the Washington
and the Washington Baths arc supplied with
and mineral water.
recreative
Spring;
the fresh
The CoLUMiuAN Spring.
nskcd,
One
'
The
frame
c
is
diately discontinued.
east of the
Washington
is
—A
few rode to the north-
Columbian Spring.
tlio
waters ore similar to the Washington.
many Springs near
at
hand of a more
As
The
there are so
pojjular character,
the waters of this are seldom used.
,e
This Spring
visitors
ait all
the
the most
the cast of the Spring passes the road that leads to the
rising
ground that
amid which
mlities arc
is
is
tioned as the one
is
to
surmounted with a grove of pine,
a circular railroad.
Congress Spring.
of BroadIpring pro-
a public park, or pleasure ground; to
is in
— This
Sirring already slightly
men-
on the arrival of the party,
a short distance from the Columbian.
It is convenient
some of the
first visited
principal hotels,
and has as yet been unri-
valled for the excellence of its water.
iny local or
It is eagerly sought
and has been transported to every part of the
United States, and to many foreign places. In some
brile irrita-
parts even in the United States
They
arc
reduced by
e remedied
tending to
They
will
ation of the
>»
from four
When they
tlow. When
for abroad,
than some qualities of wine.
ciate its superiority, but those
it is
sold for a higher price
But none can
who
fully appre-
quail" it at
the foun-
any portion of the gas has escaped.
The crowd of invalids and fashionables, that are frequently in a summer's morning, found around this Spring,
tain, before
is
truly surprising; and the quantity of water drank is
not only incredible,
alarming.
but in some individual
It is related that ten quarts
cases quite
have been known
'
!l
�JAUNT TO SAF VTOOA SPRTNOR.
56
llainillon
nnd
rmnam
Hprinps.
have been drank by a single individual before break,
The mineral combinations of this Spring ^ary in
fast.
to
rcHpccts from the Washington.
some
more magncHia and
tion
the
difti
cnco
The waurs
cases,
all
w
iron;
It holds
in
solu-
and of ca.Honic acid gas,
considerable in favor of Congress Spring.
is
of thi^ Spring, as a medicine,
ith propriety, in which the
may
be used in
Washington Spring
waters are reconnnended; and in i-evcral others.
Passing to the north on Putnam
Hamilton Spuing.
—
street,
Hamilton Bath House
This water
ed.
etic qualities.
is
nnd Spring are next observ
esteemed as
It is still a little
superior diur-
posseesii.
more charged wi
gas,
and
has more saline matter and soda, but less ini.^neBui
particulars are not conlime, but the difTerence in thcFeiderable.
The Baths
at this Spring are well fitted up, and nre
supplied with both pure and mincrni water.
Pursuing
Putnam's Congress Spring.
—
niM
III'
along
Putnam
street,
tlif?
Spring
is
next
i
the
route
older.
The
waters are of a quality equal to any already mentioned;
and a Bath Hour' wi1h every suitable convenience, hav-
.
ing also pure and mineral water,
The Pavilion
is
Springs. — SHU
near at hand.
further,
street, lying in the centre of the ravine,
litll
Springs.
is
on
liie
same
the Pavilion
In ISriO, some slight appcamnces of a Spring
of the property,
and the enterprising own
He iolEsq. commenced an excavatii a.
D. M'Laren,
was
noticed,
lowed the Springs down for about 35 feet, when the founNothing
tains gushed up and flowed over the surface.
i^''
can be more beautiful than these fountains. They arc but
a few feet apart; they boil up with crystillinc purity; they
ll:'.
J
\
�!».
JAUNT TO SARATOr.A SPRINGS.
57
Analysis ofjlio Wntcrs.
eforc break,
are not tnrl)cd or yonf-ty, ]m\ air and
water Bcem conuningledwith a bripbtjicss an, briUinricy altogether
ing ^/ary in
indoscri-
Bohi-
in
Ids
hahle.
acid gas,
ic
resfl
The
Spring.
hnve boon furnished with the
public
niiaiypp of one of these foimtains.
be used in
y
The
'Pavilion Fountain— One
8.
found to contain
on Putnam
is
called
of this water is
t,'alIon
—
next observ
firains.
Chloride
ipcrior diur?d wit;
following
other
the Mi-.gneftin Fountain.
i^ion Spring
r
Sodium,
.
•
»
•
*
•
Carbonate of Magnesia,
gas,
C? bonat(^ Lime,
mgnesin and
.
226.58
62.50
.
.
Cavbonnto Soda,
.
.
,
4.70
Iron,
.
.
»
4,10
Iodide
up, and are
((f
.
Sodium,
.
2.75
.
Bromide of Polaswum,
Sib"ca,
thu
Ttie
.
route
Older.
I
tl
60.24
Oxide
arc not con-
.
,
Alumina,
.
tn
2.75
.
.
.62
.
.
.25
.
mentioned;
|:.
Totcl grains.
3nience, hav-
.
md.
3n
'ari
same
ni
'
acid gas,
.
.
.
Afmospheric
the Pavilion
air,
.
.
inchefl.
480.01
8.00
of a Spring
Ion.
He
Total cubic inches,
Saratoga Springs,
Nothing
They an
....
A
.
12, 18
''
"
As
to the peculiar me<l,cal
qnalities of these fountains,
if materially dilTercnt
from the others,
but
time and experi-
purity; they
ence
I
18
required to test and dMr n-nine
their value
1
.'
.
'
488.01
JAMES THOMAS."
bcn the founce.
i
1
ii)l-
J
861.74
Cubic
llie
tbe property,
!
1
!
(I
!^^
�i
it
i
SPRINGSJAUNT TO SARATOGA
58
Flat
Rock and Monroe
The Flat Rock
it
I
New
The
Saline,
is
the
Sprino.
-
SpringB.
^
Directly north from iho
Bathing
Flat Rock Spring and
JI v^o.
has always been good, an
reputation of Hub Spring
.-
The nnneralH tbvisitors.
waters are used freely by
luuso
some slight lospects from
hold in solution, vary in
matter and
The proportion of saline
already mentioned.
great as others that have
its
earbonic acid gas,
o
is
and
in
been spoken
more
is
of;
not bo
some cases of
that require
useful than in those
remedies.
U
The Monroe
,
disease th.s water
Springs.
-A
more powerful
,
^ ^i
few rods further, on a
three Springs.
less than an acre, are
small plat of ground of
singular an assemblage of
These perhaps constitute as
together within so small a
Springs as was ever found
being very strongly impregcompass. One is chalybeate,
nated with iron.
I'
irHi
1
i
able sensation of heaviness
1
(
and
1
:"
i
j
«
The American Bath House
and was
v
its curati''
mntion,
ai
Around
it
are secure
This
nine
is(
feet
towards
tl
cold.
all
at these Spr'ngs, affords
to visitors.
the necessary conveniences
i
.
is
in
III
^
.
Spring introduced
sulphurous; the only sulphur
village of Saratoga.
at the
to the notice of visitors
acidulous water, pungent,
is a fine sparkling
The other
antihas received favor as an
and of agreeable flavor. Ii
taken
on the stomach, and
dyspeptic drink; it sits easier
attended with any disagreemoderate quantities, is not
One
1
^
.
a
Still
Spring,
the 8urfac(
seen from
inches In
eubterrnnc
ations of n
m
ndm<ration
is
not used
in
almost
.1
k
popular.
'i
''.iiiii'
c
�JAUNT TO SARATOGA
llipli
Hock
RPIlINOS.
59
.•^priiiir.
I
*
IIICH
ROCK Sl'RING
"
Thou
i
'I
stream,
Wliose source ig Inni-.cefjsibly profouncil,
Whither do ihy mysterious waters lend ?
Thou
n short
Still
This
Si)ring.
and was well
its
imag'dt
my
life."
spnce farther north
is
is
the most ancient of
known
the
all
High Rock
the
Springs,
to the aborigines of the country for
curative powers.
mation, and
Around
It was held by them in great estiwas by them pointed out to the white man.
nature has formed a curb of rock;
it
are secured
by
This isolated rock
nine
feet
in
all
the others
means.
artificial
i6
about three feet high, and about
diameter at
its base, diminishing in
width
towards the top; the waters within rise about
a foot above
f
t
the surface of the earth, boiling and gurgling.
They arc
seen from above through a circular opening
of about eight
inches In diameter, but disappearing through
some unseen
subterranean passage.
ations of nature
admiration of
is
one
u."
those singular form
•
which excites the wonder and claims the
who visit it. The water of this Spring
much as formerly, tnough it will compare
every respect with many that have become
more
is
not used as
in
almost
popular.
This
all
m.
�60
It is
9'
!!
SPRINGS.
JAUNT TO SARATOGA
once ilowcd over the op
supposed that iLc fountain
over the
says, that a tree fell
of the rock.
One
tradition
an Indian
at the bottom; but
Spring and split the rock
it in another way.
tradition accounts for
RUCK SPRING.
INDIAN LEGEND OF HIGH
I.-
recess,
deep
Far
Dark, luudcn, arul alone.
vvood^,
Mid marshy ien^ and luuj|lca
There rose a rocky cone.
in the forest's
It
was a
And
But
strange, mysterious spot,
near no mortal dwell' d
-,
priest,
there retired the sorccre?-
His secret orgies held.
H.
There
the fierce tcnnnlB of the
wood
On one another prey'd,
And though the thuid deer wore
slaui,
Yet fondly round they stray'd
saline draught
Their natures craved the
they ca^er sought,
For that
-,
And
oft
one
single,
hasty sip,
Wad with their life blood
bouglit.
III.
Within that rocky cone a spring
Of healing waters rose,
And o'er the top it gUllering spread^j,
And down the sides flows
it
It
m
'-M
The
-,
with hrllUant gems,
Thai curtain'd rock wiis bound.
looked as
if
As sparkUng hung tlie airy slrcaui.
Like floating drap'ry roniid.
fip
only one
a
fiinall
p
Spring sL
G
�JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.
61
Ituliuu Lc<(en(I.
IV.
From
forth the forest deepest gloom,
There moved
wiili stealthy pace,
A female form of lovely mould,
And
beauty's witching face
;
Upon her brow the summer sun,
And the free desert air
Had cast a mellow auburn tint,
With love to revel there.
V.
Slie
came
As
to bathe in that
pure sprjng,
forth the waters boil'd
Her hand she raised to touch the fount,
Back! back! 1 he stream rccoil'd.
IJeci) printed
Forever
on
(hat beating heart.
to remain,
In spite of tears
There was a
and cleansing
founit;,
guilty slain.
VI.
Down
The
in the
bosom of the
gurgling founuiin
lock,
fell
There
As
That
still it llowg, and its lone
sound.
notes of warning swell.
guilty
one
in frantic fear,
Fled witli desponding shame
Nor was siir ever lieard of more,
;
And none
recaU'd her name.
The spot nronnd ibc IJigli Rock Spring
socnia to be the
only 01,0 that has Ihllcn into
neglect.
It ahouJd not be so;
a fcmall park with trees, bhoiild
surroitnd it, and over fhc
Spring should be erected a liiiht
and airy
temple
G
�'
.
JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.
62
WiiUon, or
loiliue Spriiifi.
Walton, or Iodine Spring.
H
[lock, in a
-Not
is
northerly direction,
the
Walton
called the President's Spring.
Iodine Spring, formerly
is
a beautiful water, and
The
from the
far
or
High
It
and
The'
much used on account ot tho
As there is
in certain diseases.
is
villngc.
medical efficacy of Iodine
to a ccrtau.
in the other Springs,
also less iron in it than
To others however,
prove useful.
class oi patients
it
Springs
a walk
wUl
im-
and some
goitre,
scrofula,
of
many forms
it
The
.....
Carbonate of Iron,
Carbonate of Magnesia,
.
Carbonate of Soda,
Hydriodate
.
....
....
....
....
•
.
/
.
187
»
•
of Soda, or Iodine,
»
.
26
1
75
Atmospheric
.!
hi
'i
rl
the Spri
^h
iiichco'.
no inten
'
within
•
^^^
t]
yet he
fe
al
,'
i
have been described, several
Besides the Si^rin-ss that
but as they i>0BBe«s no l^cu^
others might be mentioned,
saihcu u
visit ed, it will bo
harity, and are but seldom
them.
to enumerate some of
simply
".m
air,
•
*
wa
notice
which had
Carbonic acid gas, (iVom water
*
*
been bottled three weeks,)
.
It
Spriiigs
'^
'
•
Cubic
\
prcgnate
drains.
Muriate of Soda,
Carbonate of Lime,
fiiih
i
Lake,
contains the following ingrcdi-
t^n^«=
mb
:
(
ten mile
nature.
other diseases of a like
Medical College in Aloany
Professor Ennuon., of the
State Geologists, has furmelied
and one of the New-York
water of the Walton
of one .nllon of the
an analysis
Spring, and find, that
1
The
The
virtue.
the iron ixirms the principal
has been rccomof the Iodine, this Spring
On account
mended
I^
aroi
Springs
Wash
littk jnt(
^o those
1
�JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.
63
Ballsfoii Spa.
The Red Sprlvg, about
80 named from
High Rock,
and around
eighty rode east from the
the iron like deposite within
i
it.
— These are about a mile east of the
The Ten Springs.
They are in
village.
the same ravine as the Saratoga
Springs, and are of a similar description.
To pedestrians,
a walk to these Si)ringa is an agreeable
excursion.
The Ellis Spring, two miles south of the village.
The Quaker Si'rixgs, in the eastern part of the town,
ten miles from Saratoga.
The Sulphur Spring, on
Lake.
This Spring
is
the
cast side
well spoken of;
pregnated with 8ul]ihur, and the water
is
it
of Saratoga
is
deeply im-
abundant.
187
26
BALLSTOX
SPA.
X
75
3
was not intended to notice any other
mineral
Springs but those of Saratoga; by omitting
to describe
the Springs either at Ballston or other
places, there is
no intention to underrate them
they do not come
within the limits the author prescribed
It
—
for this
330
yet he feels
it
incumbent to add in addition
work;
to the slight
notice already made of Ballston
Spa, that among the
Springs yet celebrated at that place, is
the
Washington Spring.
If.* chalybeate quality
is
but
littU; intermixed
with other ingredients, and is valuable
—
^o those
who wish
to use a
pure water of this description.
'i
�JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.
04
Ol)Hervations on IMincral Waters.
One
effects,
The Park Spring,
is
highly spoken of as being
water
the best acidulous chalybeate
other country.
The Sans
Souci.
-This
best Springs of Saratoga in
as from location
has yet in
its
restorati
round
among
afforded in this or
60 long,
r
ot
<i «
tnc
so to hii
very similar to some
chalybeate and
its acidulous,
is
is
and accommodation
ol
year, he
any
purposes.
in nso for like medical
perceived, that as well
these hasty notices it will be
and
BQlinc (jualities,
By
compan;
cathartic
is used for its
of the SaiiB Souci Springs
and pleasant drnik.
and to some it is an agreeable
for visitors, Ballston
strong claim upo.i
rich medical waters, a
their patronage
the public for a portion of
U
served
1
turn
froi
mo3pher(
change
a
resumed
depresses
and ende
or an occ
To
to
tho
medic
the use
Mincrn
MINERAL WATERS.
T
1st.
carbonic
"
Go wash
in Uie rool of t^iloam."
the glass
gent
The
cfiicacy
euro all diseases is
of mineral waters to
greatest advocates eo
and by their
not to be expected,
but that they possess
much has been claimed for them;
successful in thousands
powers, and have proved
curative
are most
denied even by those who
of cases, has not been
operauon a general.
incredulous as to their salutary
placed upon change ol
Much weight liowever, has been
occupacessation from ordinary
air, healthful exercise,
ot
amusements, the excitement
tions, variety of eccnee,
tast(
a
2d.
is
iron.
With
gallt
lous.
3d.
Tb
^m
dients, sui
and carbc
Saratoga
4th.
;
;S
6*
�JATTNT TO
SARATOGA
fiPRTNGS.
65
i
Tlie acidulous waters.
company, and tbe
like.
These are undoubtedly valuable
restoratives to feeble habits.
Man tires with th? dull
round of occupation to which day after
day, and year after
year, he has been bound.
The very air he has breathed
so long, thciyh fresh and healthful
to others, is no longer
so to him.
The fond we cat, be it ever
of Ihe
te
so delicious, if
served to us repeatedly, palls upon
the appetite, and wc
turn from it with loalhing.
It is the same with the at-
and
=es.
mosphere;
aa well
it
loses its
a change
a upon
is
resumed
;allato)i
its pristine
accustomed
necessary; and
purity
depresses, but refreshes.
elasticity,
when we
— the
To
rolurn,
its f.
we
i I
I!
t>
e&hness;
find
it
has
home no longer
home all its value
air of
give to
and endearments, nothing can be
better than travelling,
or an occasional excursion abroad.
To
those in ill health, much is to be
gained by a resort
medicinal springs, besides the advantages
derived from
the use of the water.
to
Mineral waters are usually classed under
four heads.
Ist.
The Acidulous. The^e are highly charged
with
carbonic
or the acid of charcoal.
They sparkle in
when drawn from the spring, and have a
pungent taste.
The Saratoga waters are of this kind.
2d. Chalyhcatcs.
The distinguishing feature of these
is iron.
They have an acrid taste form a black color
acid,
the glass
RCaSCS
IB
jcates 60
;
y possess
With
liousands
lous.
are most
general.
ihangc of
occupa-
cment
of
'I
galls,
3d.
or oak bark.
The Saratoga waters
Valine.
This
Some
of
them
are also acidu-
are also of this kind.
class contain different
saline ingre-
dients, such as sulphate of
magnesia and soda, muriates
and carbonates of soda and lime.
The springs also of
Saratoga are alike of
4th.
Sulphurous.
6*
this class.
Their prevailing character arises
H
I
�'
(fafc.-a!Wjt<i
JAUNT TO BARATOGA SPRINGS.
66
Saratoga waters as a lievcraec.
Bulpburrctcd bydrogen, either iinfrom the presence of
lime, nn alkali, iron, &c.~
combined, or united with
One
of the
Monroe Springs,
at Snrnloga,
is
sulphurous.
mineral springs, and
These are the four great clas.ea of
celebrated springs scattered
some of these are all the
At Saratoga there is combiover Europe and America.
of those that are most highly
ned all the essential virtues
of
Saline, and
They are Acididons, ChahjhcaU,
has left nothing wantSulphurous. At Saratoga nature
approved.
Thermal vvaters; and these for
ing in this respect, but
numerous
purposes, are furnished by art, in the
all useful
which have of late years been
'and commodious baths
erected.
ranches
between
48"^
of the Saratoga Springs
a
low, and
^
•
The temperature
is
and 51" Fahrenheit.
SIMPLY
THE USE OF THE SARATOGA WATERS
MEDICINALLY.
AS A DRINK, AND
" FiVon hero,
The thoughtless fasliion
Tempt thee too fur.'*
I
I
If used simply as a drink
!
when no medical
il
1
is
II
1
moderation.
and
beneficial:
operation
ill
jiiii^i
1
ii
i
in health,
desired, all that is required
use of
but to use them to
is
not
by those who are
The temperate
even to those whose health
:'''
is
let
of the giddy crowd
sound.
them
excess
is healthfitl,
is
dangeroufi
�JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.
In
Invalids, and
medicine,
lipalili
ill
consult a physician.
who
those
all
they are
unless
67
them as a
desire to use
themselves
well
acquainted
with mineral water?", and Ih? nature of the disease with
which they are a(llict;jd, should nover commence upon
without
their use
cian, well
effjcts of
consulting with a regular physia knowledga of the medicinal
iinst
experienced
in
mineral waters.
of diseases arc
mentioned
Thouirh
in
used beneficially, yet th-jsj
indications to those
who
the hest authoiity; but
in this
desire to use
it is
resides
His advice
upon the
variety
founded on
and authoiiLy
emanating fr.)m tho
th;.'ni,
the experience
of others, and not positive directions
author.
work a
which thjso waters have been
must be considered as mere
always to consult a physician who
and one who has closely studied
is
spot,
the character of diseases in general,
and who well knows
the virtues and effects of the nudicinc to be used.
To
those
tic, it is
who
desire tho waters to operate as a cathar-
recommended
and repair
that they rise early in the
to tho spring
which they
tumblers of the water; then a
to the circular railroad, to the
Spring, where one
more
prefer,
little
morning
and take two
exercise
a
walk
Washington, or Hamilton
may
glass
be taken.
In most
some persons require
more, and a glass may be taken at Putnam's Concn-ess.
the Pavdion, the Monroe, Flat Rock and Walton Springs,
cases this will
be
sufFicient,
in all about four pints.
in health,
8 required
healthful,
dangeroufi
seems
but
This
is
ihe utmost limit,
and
to be too large a quantity;
but even six pints have
m
no case be presumed to
been allowed; but more should
be taken.
Some however have imprudently taken much
larger quantities, even to the extent of
a half before the hour of dinner.
By
two
gallons
and
the time the round
i
�JAUNT TO SARATOOA SPRINGS.
68
Halhifiii at Mie
.S|»riii<;H.
of the springs has been made, the nppclilo will be pre-
pared for breakfast, and
will be proper to return to tho
it
hotel.
As
a daily drink, from f )ur to ci^dit glaseca
quantity; ordinarily
When
diem.
mg
H:'
it is
is
a suitable
not advisable to exceed this per
the water lies heavy on the stomach, caus-
unpleasant sensations,
its
use should be discontinued.
1
THE USE OF THE WATERS IN BATHING, AND
THE I5ATH IN GENERAL.
* Abana
que
ct
Parpar, flouves dc Danias, no sont-ils pas nipilleurs
toiitos iRH
deviendrois not
Nc
oaiix d'lsracl!
iii'y
lavcrois-jc pas bien, ct je
.'"
Watering places arc not only frequented for the purpose of drinking the waters, but also for another consideration, often
more important
in the cure of diseases, the
judicious use of the bath; and as the most ample arrange-
ments
are
visitors
ted.
As
extent,
made
at
Saratoga
for bathing,
would be very incomplete, were
it is
any directions to
this subject omit-
dangerous to drink the waters
either in good or
ill
health,
to
any great
without a perfect
knowledge of
their virtues and powers, so the bath should
not be resorted to without possessing some experience or
information on the subject.
know
»
li
ill]!
i<>L'l
The
bather should at least
the kind of bath most suitable,
when
to be taken,
the temperature, and the length of time to remain therein.
�JAUNT TO SARATOOA
SPRINGS.
iJciirficial etlccts
The
},alh,
as a
remedy
of the
I{;,tli
for "di^^J^^^T^;^^
Tl,c a„li,|„i,y of
ha(l,i„g,
He ccncral prevalence
omonrr
vinuca 01 the bulh, ,(a
Beaswmblo an,l proj.or
«ono,aIly appreciated,
and b,a litlle regard
d.
loa^nt
to
1
„ro not
ZZ Z
ef.eelual remedy l„
(l,e cure of tl,e
manr
„,„eU ™,.ki„d i. .„.ject
as ,Ue J,
^ ,
"'""'""^
.0
f
all
I
mo
01..
.ca.a
OU
of"
>
I
;
f
;r;""' '"T""'
™"'- ^'""•SHMOral
'»
">"""-
renovator of the
;7.'=-^'""'" ""l"'™'-" »n give con,for,,
the A,„encana have
paid the lea^t attention
to
I'lo,
Doct
Bell, i„
hook
its
on hathin,?, observes: "
bath
ouse should be dcen.cd
of iu.portaaco only
secondary
« kdchen or a cooking stove, and
certainly should take
recedencc of rooms idled
with eos.ly Lniture
devoted to company
hi.,
A
at
keeping."
As
'
1
f
1
to the eirects of
bathing
;:
ef
of en
•
!
,1
latn g.
°
s
Ti!:
;
^'"
The hot
n the use of „„
upon (he human system
"^ -Native,;::':;
r"-"'"
"'"' "-""n ''"ths have
not only
rT
'""'•"'
bath
„e
is
-
held to be highly
stimulatinL-
baths
much depends upon
th^]
hoa<th, the disease,
and the peculiar stage of
the discaae.
:)
^i
�PRINOH.
TAUNT TO SARATO(
70
(^old
Tbo
ufio
of the mineral wnl
poBCB of the bath,
one on wliich
any great
I
is
a
Biibjccl
of
Snmtoga
iniicli
IJjitbing in
lirrhl.
has long been advantngrouply used tor
diseaaes; and tbo warm sulphurous Imtli
happy
morit
in
its ctlect
in relieving
fer the i^ir-
impoiinnc
cems not as yet
cxi)(;ricncc
tloj,'rec
"t
oi'
to bnv*
For
but
The
i&^
ranges
sulpburouB water
thai
distressing
on
it
latest
the other waters of Saratoga, and indeed tho«'
commended
at the
pame
is
most
in general to
celebrr.led,
ir
fore
bo used externally in the bath,
time that they are taken internally.
They
in the cold, teprid,
It is
]
ciee sh(
Bathe
\
un
food
are used in the ordinary
warm
to
last.
by those who have had an experimental knowledge
any
of these waters, that they are decidedly superior to
others for this purpose.
di:
r>r>xt
they have been re-
said
manner,
c
The
vering course.
which the place
(
ters
persecases of rlieumatiem, but always after a long and
Of
1
An
often proved
many
as
it
ay cutaneous
L-.h
t(
wipe
•
tl]
cient
or hot bath.
cl(
To
bo
sufHcien
A
1i!!i!i
sin,
dinarily
THE COLD BATH.
Soon
shock, V
" BatliR on,
I
my
fair
-
body
go to frnard thy Iiannt,
To keep from thy recess each vagrant foot.
And each licentious f^yc"
-I
bo
I
should
and the
1]
1
of the b
This being the most common and the most convenient,
temperature, time of use, period of continuance, and
some of the diseases for which it is recommended, will
iew
first
degri
Medici
its
water,
I
e
known
bo mentioned.
li
�JAUNT TO MARATOGA SPRINGS.
71
Huiiahleiiiiicfn-- IJathinp.
I or those .n good honnh,
proper hath in nnn.orsion.
he temperature of th. eohl
hntliihr ren.ediul purposes,
mvres from 50- to 70- Fahrenheit.
Some hove ranged
It ns low as from 32lo 05- Fahrenheit.
i
I
An
extraordinary
cHli;.ren«.e of opinion
exists with wrion the power and effects of
the cold hath; one holding
hat It IS sUmuIating, the
other that it is sedative.
crs
latest authorities are
in favor
Ihe hest time
The
of
its
sedative effects.
hathing is allowed to he
an hour bedinner, or after the digestion
of the morning meal-xt to this is the morning, .r a
.hort time, before breakiast.
If a.er the hath the body
is cold, moderate
exerCISC should ne u.ed to
raise it to
for
lore
its
Bathe when the stomach
is
lood uiitd the digestion
over.
is
.:!.««M'-
proper temperature.
empty, and not after takmg
Alter leaving the water
wipe the body briskly, and
imn.ediately dress with
H'
sufli-
cient clothing to preserve
the heallhlul temperature
To bathe every other, or third day,
is usually ueeounted
sufhcient.
A single
dnwrily
,t
plunge in Ihe cokl
Bbould not exceed
bulla i« olic,,
biit
cnuugh: ot-
u Ibw niiuulcs
See,, niter (he
shock
body
glow of wurnXh is fell,
ea.,Jed by the
should withdraw, „„d not
rcmoia until the
becomes chilled. The cent
inum.ce in the water
we
.ml theba hsho, d never be
used when the temperature
the body ,8 below the
etmidard of health.
If it ;. .
iow degrees „bove, the bathin,.
will be more agreeable.
ot
iVIedical
vvater,
>^i'own
professors
externally,
by an
in
...xeited
have prescribed
m„„y
eases;
the
use of
they arc
ac„„n of the blood:
,o
cold
generally
,',an,tl
J
f
���iUo
{./
V
:/.
:/,
IMAGE EVALUATION
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I.I
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„
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Sciences
Corporation
_
MAIN STREET
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�m^.
&>
^
^\
/^oV
�-i-^;
.f
Mia
72
JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.
Cases
which tho Cold
ill
lions internal, ns well
Katli
may
l)c
Some
as extcrnnl.
used.
of the most
enlightened members of the profession, consider the application of cold, in
some
cases, as highly importont,
and
at times, a valuable substitute for blood letting.
good health, to the fleshy,
It is suitable to persons in
to the temperate, and to those
who
use suitable exercise.
It is injurious to thin habits, old
constitutions,
no
and those
live
who
men, children, cold
intemperately and use
exercise.
It is
dangerous in a state of perspiration, after vomiting,
purging, watching, and to those
who
arc not accustomed
to at.
In nervous diseases, as they arise from different causes,
cold
may
bathing
be useful in some coses, and injurious
in others
Washing the head
in
cold
water has aggravated the
heaviness and pain.
Bathing the
feet
in
cold
water
is
injurious
to
the
dyspeptic and hypochondraic.
An
occasional cold sponging
is
useful to the sedentary,
engaged in close and confined apartments, at the desk^
or
study
— who
complain of troublesome heat, and dry-
ness of the hands, and sometimes of the
pulse
and
feet,
with quick
thirst.
Cold washings and affusions in cases of wounds, bruises,
and even old
sores,
when used
persevering! y, liave hod
the best effects in allaying pain and inflammation; and in
many
instances, have effected wonderful
cures in cases
almost hopeless.
The
fever;
cold
and
bath has been successfully used in scorlet
in
pains
accompanied with eruptions, called
miliary, cold affusions have been used advantageouely.
�^NT
TO SARATOGA SPRINGP.
Sun atroke- Lightning and
In spit
mg
^
73
Electricity."
of blood from tbe
lunge, the cold bath has
of o2
Fahr. applied to the
cheat of a patient with
this
the flow of blood,
without any accompanying or subsequent
inconvenience.
In vomiting of blood, and
in bleeding from the
bowels,
disease, arrested
-
pdes, and hemorraghage
cold affusions to the
portion
of the body affected has
proved servicable.
The burning of the skin from
the sun's rays, the ac
compnnying head-ache, violent
sometimes
insensibility,
suns stroke,"- repeated
have had the best
used,
fever,
constituting
cold
affusions,
effect.
In injuries by lightning, or
when
freely
Poisoning from opium
and narcotics.
fluid,
and delirium, and
what is called a
when
struck by the electric
several pails of cold water
having been
thrown on
have been restored.
In convulsions and
spasmodic diseases, the cold bath
has been greatly resorted to.
the sufferer, animation
and
life
Obstinate constipation of the
bowels,
been relieved by cold
in
cases
where there
when no danger
To
much
heat
is
exists
same has been used
joints, dislocations
afliiaions.
to
has frequently
be used, however,
and
irritation
of stopping perspiration.
good
effect, in
and
The
inflammation of the
and fractures.
Females with cold skins ar.d
phlegmatic habits, and
exhausted by previous disease,
and who are clear of fever
wdl be injured by cold
loss of voice,
bathing.
Palsy of the tongue, or
has been cured by the cold
bath.
°"y ^^^r^«t'on from intemperance, the
cold bath
.^.
should not be used
for some days.
u
7
�'74
JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.
Tepid and
Warm
Batlit*.
THE TEPID BATH.
Of
cold
this,
its effects
need be
little
and warm
or
;
ranges between the
eaid, as it
between 70" and
0*2° Fahrenheit,
and
are altogether intermediate.
THE WARM BATH.
The
warm
success of the
l)ath
depends upon the well
regulated temperature of the bath, the time of taking
t
i:
if,
and on exercise and regimen.
The
limits of the
Fahrenheit.
A
warm
bath are between 92° and 98*
thermometer shnidd bo
in
room, by which the temperature should
every ba1hiii|
l)e
regulated,
and not always by the sensations of the batht^r.
In general, the water should be brought to a lukc-warni
state to the
,1,1
bath
ture.
is
arm, fooling neither hot nor
may be raised
Whether the warm bath
entered
it
beneficial, or hurtful,
I
to
is
cold.
After the
proper tempera-
its
to prove pleaaurable,
depends mainly on
its
temperature.
,1
For those in health, the best temperature
is
that state
which produces the most agreeable seneations.
ordinarily found to be
I,
Of
I
the two
than warm.
'lit
!
i
it
is
This
between 93° and 95° Fahrenheit.
is
better to have the bath rather cool
If entered too
warm we
lose the
judging the degree of heat most bencficiaU
power
of
�JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.
TJic urcut cxocllnncf of the
Though
Warm
76
Hath.
the bath be of the
same degree as the animal
few minutes imm. rsion the heat of
the
be very mate.. Jly increased.
heal, ycf after a
body will
The bath may be used
before breakfast, or dinner, but
ween the
never immedialely after eating.
nnd
dinner, after the digestion of the
be most generally recommended.
heit,
Suitable,
An
hour or so before
morning meal, seems to
though not severe exercise should follow
the
use of the bath.
The apprehension of being
cold
by expoeiirc to the open
not well founded;
l)ursucd
the well
nking
if,
ond 98^
/
ba11iin|
cgnlalcd,
\iler the
tcmperaasurable,
and suffering from
the
warm
the usual occupations of
life
bath,
is
can be
through the remainder of the day, not only
withrenewed animation.
out injury, but with
The air in the bath house should be agreeably
warm.
With this precaution and suitable clothing,
there is no
more danger of going into the cold air
after the use of
from a warm bed in a winter's morning.
The body in both cases is refreshed, and is truly
the bath, than
more
able to
kc-wnrni
chilled,
air, after
resist
the
Doct. Coffin, of Boston, from
whose treatise a portion of the compilation on
this subject is taken, observes:
<< I have taken
the warm bath in
the
cold.
warmest and coldest seasons of the year, more with a
its effects on my own health, than
need
view to observe
of
pciatiire.
hat state
This
is
from heat or cold.
enheit.
Lhcr cool
power
its restorative influence; and
I can truly pay, after
bathing in both extremes of weather, that
I have been
equally and uniformly less sensible of
the inconvenience
of
I have always felt more light, cheerand more inclined and better fitted for a
full and successful
employment of the powers of mind
and body." Among the means of preserving
ful
and
active,
beauty, as
�JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPR1N08.
76
Duration of tho
Warm
Halli.
well ns health, a lady recommcndB, that by such abhitionB
accidental impurities arc thrown off; cutaneous ob-
** all
Btructions removed; and while the surface of the body
preserved
in its
original brightness,
disorders are checked or prevented.
women
I
of the cast preserve their health which sedentary
Darwin
confinement would otherwise destroy."
**
To
those
who
are past the meridian of
to be emaciated, the
m
week,
I believe
warm
batli, for
life,
eays:
and begin
half an hour, twicd a
eminently serviceable in retarding the
advances of age."
The
^
1i
of the
effects
warm
bath arc tranquilizing,
it
excitement, moderates excessive heat, invigorates
allays
after the fatigue of a journey,
'
is
many threatening
By f=uch means the
and always refreshes and
f
renovates.
The
'.!
I,
duration of the
the cold.
I
It
may
warm
bath
is
much
longer than
be continued from half an hour to an
I
hour; some have even taken a short and pleasant sleep
in
it.
Though
the most suitable time for
using the bath
considered to be in the fore part of the day, yet
it
is
may
be used in the evening, after the fatigue of travelling
through the heat and over dusty roads; but not upon a
full
stomach.
A
part only of the cases in which
ally, are
it
is
used medicin-
the following:
Morbid
sensibility; acute
pain alone, or accompanied
with irregular and convulsive action of the muscles.
Convulsions of children; hysterical alToctions of females;
cholic,
i
...HI
ters.
lli
from the simple spasmodic to the bilious and pain-
�JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.
Its
blutions
Cramp
C0U8 ob-
the bowels.
body
is
dipped
in
bathing, and fumigations with cloths
vinegar or
calcning
greatly relieve the pain.
cnna tho
lief to
edontary
in
eays:
id
begin
twice a
ling the
medical use.
the stomach, and obstinate costivenees of
Warm
warm
in
77
warm
simple
It is the readiest
water, will
and surest
re-
be offered in this dangerous and painful disease.
Mania, and mental derangement,
which extreme
in
wakefulness, and dry skin, are predominant symptoms.
Infantile cholera,
more
diarrhoea,
Warm
and cholera morbus
;
dysentery and
particularly of the chronic kind.
bathing
is
adapted to
all
diseases of the respira-
tory organs.
izing,
it
Catarrh and influenza, whether in the
/igorates
seated,
shcs and
gor than
vous or spasmodic;
first
stages or
cured.
are greatly mitigated, and
Bronchitis,
to an
iir
int Bleep
3
bath
t
it
ifl
may
especially of the
at
times completely
sub-acute; asthma, ner-
organic affections of the heart; chro-
nic inflammations of the liver.
The most
obstinate eruptions of the skin have yielded
^^i
to this remedy.
When there is much heat and itching,
the temperature of the bath should not exceed 90° Fah-
renheit.
ravelling
In the early stage of fevers, a
upon
quently go far to arrest the disorder.
t
a
Recent suppression of
medicin-
sickly
bath.
females;
md
7*
pain-
respiration; pains
sensibility
in the
fre-
mus-
and pains which often foljow
after a mercurial course, are
warm
lee.
bath would
cles.
The
)mpanied
warm
very happily abated by the
in
�JAUNT TO SARATOOA SPRINGS.
78
The Hot and Vapor
Baths.
P pi fin
THE HOT BATH.
The
hot bath
undcrslood
gencrnlly
is
and
i8
often
and marked
violent,
lo
be of a
It is highly stimulating
heal exceeding 98" Fahrenheit.
in
eficcta
its
on the
human body.
which the hot bath can be used
enfeebles; and is pernicious to weak and
There are few cases
ft
with
It
utility.
in
delicate persons.
The
sanguinary and robust; those of
large heads,
ercise, or
and who
any exertion,
sitive to heat
The
H
tinued
of the
affections
practitioners; and,
has been judiciously applied;
ledge of
its use,
not to resort to
or
it.
admitted
hns been
number of
a vast
in
are
some long con-
hot bath in
skin,
who
hot bath.
Persons in good health had better omit
advantages of the
and
after ex-
are very sen-
whose skins
— should avoid the
habits
those
meal;
after a
liable to spitting of blood; or
full
drowsy
are inclined to be
other cases,
but, without a full
medical advice,
it
by
it
know-
would be best
it.
THE VAPOR BATH.
'*
The
od'rous drug, the blazing
In wary clouds ascend
its
Home consumes
rich perfumes;
Mildly, perspiring prone, the bather
While round
H
1,
There
are
his
two kinds
lies,
form luxurious vapors
t)f
this bath;
rise."
one of simple watery
vapor, or hot dry air; the other medicated or compound,
l.l
holding in solution various medicinal substances.
'viiiJ
�TAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.
Vapor Bath
for
tlip,
79
Hydroiiholiia.
It is necessary, in many coses, to
exclude the head
from the vapor; and especially so, when the
compounds
are of a deleterious qualify.
When the head is exposed
to the simple vapor, the stimulating effects
of the bath
i
I
are greatly increased.
The temperature
of a simple vapor bath varies from
150O Fahrenheit.
Vapor acts upon the surface, and produces nearly
the
some effects as sponging or fomentation.
90»
to
The
bath
i&
information as to the medical effects of the vapor
limited, though from the earliest ages, and
in
modern times,
it has been much used.
In cutaneous diseases, this remedy is considered
valuable.
Ulcers, are greatly benefitted by moist vapor
alone,
or in alternation
with sulphurous and mercurial fumi-
gations.
It
is
useful
in tumnfactiona of the lymphatic glands,
especially those of a scrofulous nature along the
neck.
In
painful affections of
gout or rheumatism,
it
the joints, whether chronic,
proves useful.
Chronic glandular inflations of the
and pancreas,
liver
and tumafactions of the epleen, are often
and at times effectually cured.
much
relieved,
Chronic afFections of the digestive passages, muscular
rigidity, suspended animation, and some
stages of fever.
In all the cases mentioned, the head
should not be exposed to the vapor.
The Hydrophobia,
all
diseases,
M. Buison,
it is
of the
was
*
most strange and horrid of
been cured by the vapor bath.
too, that
said, has
a Parisian physician, in a late
aseerta that he
patient
affected
with
this
publication,
disease, that
on the
I
�T'''mmm
JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRIXOS.
80
RusHJnn Bmh.
ninth day after receiving the infection he was suddenly
and
seized with puin in his throat
from his mouth, a current of
bodies gave him pnin.
not men, but
with great
nniiiinls
pain seemed to
the infection.
saliva ran
disposed to run and bite;
He
and inanimate bodies.
drank
distrrs.
recurred every five minutes; the
commence
He
felt
The
eyes.
or the sight of brilliant
and the sight of water was
difTicully,
The symptoms
sing.
lie
air,
in the finger
determined to
which had received
suff'ocate
himself
in
a
vapor bath; for this purpose he caused the temperature
to be raised 107^'-' Fahrenheit,
when he was soon
surpri-
sed and delighted to find the symptoms disappear; and he
ii
left
Since then he has treated more than
the bath well.
eighty patients, in four of
i
i
whom
the
symptoms had
de-
clared themselves, and in no case has he failed, except in
that of a child, seven years old,
The mode
who
died in the bath.
of treatment he recommends
bitten should take n
number of va})or
is,
that the perron
commonly
baths,
cal-
led Russian, and should induce every night, a violent perspiration,
self
by wrapping himself in
He
The
with a feather bed.
drinking freely of a
declares that he
warm
is so
flannel,
and covering him-
perspiration
is
formed by
decoction of sarsaparilla tea.
well convinced of the efficacy of
this treatment, that he will sulfer himself to be innocu-
lated with the disease.
The
vapor
only peculiarity of the Russian bath
in
The
readeif
who
is
desirous of
tior> on the subject of bathing,
the work of John Bell,
jHiti M'
that the
more extended informa-
its history,
general useful-
ness, and in reference to its curative powers,
I
is,
formed by pouring water on heated stones.
M. D. " on
is
referred to
baths and
mineral
�JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRIN08.
The
Ql
Douclif! limh.
waters," a work tbnt Rhoiild bo in
Ihe hniuls of every phyflic.an, in every library,
nnd every bathing
hoiiBc.
nutbor nck.iowledorcs his indebtedness
inconsiderable portion
r,f
to
work
tli'it
ibis compilation
,.
.
Tbe
for
no
the subject
of mineral waters and bolbing.
THE DOUCHE BATH.
This
jot
It
formed from one or morn spouts that
throw a
of wafer on the body, or on a
particular part of it.
may be constructed so as to be descending,
oblique,
la
vertical, or
ascending.
The Douche bath
Fahrenheit, or a
is
considered most effectual at 100<?
little rising.
It
may
be of cold,
warm,
or hot water; or of vapor.
Hot jot baths are had recourse to in diseases of
an asthmic nature, and which from long standing
are known by
name of chronic.
The duration of the jet may be
from a quarter to half an hour daily.
In delirium tremens, tumefactions of
the viscera, with-
I
I
the
out fever;
paralysis;
"i
cholics; chlorosis; swellings of
the
without redness or pain, whether rheumatic,
gotaty,
or scrofulous after the subsidence
of fever, and clearing of
joints,
the digestive pnRsnge.
These are but a small portion of
the diseases that have been
beneficially acted upon by the
use of this remedy.
I
�JAUNT TO SARATOr.A SPRTNOS.
82
w
IHsniHCs Jur
liirli llie
Snniloiifii
Al)lution, or aponginp,
K
As
it
ndmifs of
Wet
any other method.
way
the eaine
rcoonimcmlcd.
lire
n mild nppllcntion of a fluid.
is
locnl use,
wiiUth
often
is
it
rlotiis
more
suitnble than
applied to the skin act in
Kilher cold or wnrin liquids
as sponging.
niay be used.
the
Allusion, or
shower
when
hath,
greater shoek than the bath, but there
cold,
is
gives
a
more inequal-
employment.
ity in its
\
DISEASES FOR WHICH THE SARATOGA WATERS
ARE RECOMMENDED.
" Tlirro
For
is
sad
Till-
all
Some
an
ncliinii;
allciidiint
void Id ev'ry
hciirt,
of inan's weary
life
—
diseases else, kind iiaturo gives
healiiijr
For
dranglu.
Farlh yields no halm for
this Iherc's
none
—
"
tliis.
There arc a great variety of diseases in which these
beneficially, and very often perfectly
waters act most
cure; yet so
that
tie stage of the disease,
unsafe to give a wholesale recommendation.
In
diseases they are useful in the incipient stages,
and
it is
some
much depends upon
injurious
when
In other eases
it is
it is difficult to
the waters
the
same
diseases are further advanced.
the reverse of this.
enumerate
which
might be the means of mis-
may be used, as it
who are too much
leading some
For these reasons
fully all the diseases for
disposed to confide in
�JAUNT TO SARATOGA
The
RPIIINOS.
88
Hprlnjcs iipidicuhli* to piirticul'ir <liH«iMK'H.
what they Hnd pubhshud; or to depend too
much on their
own
'
diecretion. It niny ngnin be repeated, to
use the waters
wiih entcly, and inost advanlairtously, alwnys
take the advice of a practical pliysician.
Visitors hav«j been
monary
affections,
warned against using them in
and diHcanrn of the lungs; and yei
needs L^nie qualification.
Tlic
ca«(;
pulthis
ran o/dy be decided
by the medical adviser.
In o|)hthnhiiia, cr inflammation
of the eye?, they have been used to great
advantnge.
ln>: )p8y, thcyaro declared to be inadniifesibic.
Dyn-
pcpsia, both admissible
in scrofula,
I
containing the
and inadmissible.
hey arc highly connneudcd.
most Iodine
i^hould
be
The Spring
used— it
is
the
Walton.
in paralysis, they are very useful.
In
rheumatism,
much
benefit
is
derived from
them.
Tlwy should be used intciiially, and accompanied externally at the same time wilh tiie warm
balli.
The tiulpburous waters are
)
l)e
in bilious) diseaees,
preferred for
if
(.his
disease.
not of lung standing.
in nephritic comidaints, and calculu», they have
been
very successfully used.
In ulcerous sore?, and cutaneous eruptions.
Those Spr.
ticularly
sea,
igs
that are
recommended
most acidulous arc more
for fevers
par-
of a typhoid type, nau-
vomiting, and relaxation, and want of tone of tlie
Such are the Walton or Iodine, the Hamil-
stomach.
ton, the Congress, the
some
Monroe and the High Hock, and
others.
Those waters that are most
iron, arc useful as tonics;
f^trollgly
impregnated with
they stimulate and increase the
I
�84
JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.
The
Sprin|t;s applicnble to ceriain diseuses.
circulation. In chlorosis, fliior nlbus,
diseases,
and in general
debility
amcnorrhoea, nervous
si
and derangement of the
whole system, they arc very useful.
Of such
is
3
05
the
Congress; the Sans Souci, at Ballston; the High Rock,
the Monroe, the iJamilton, and the Flat Rock.
The Springs
It
:H:
which the saline
in
2g
qualities predominate,
are used to keep the body gently open, without severe
1005.7
1004.6
purging, by means of which the appetite and strength
increased.
Such
the Congress, the Monroe, the
is
ington, the Hamilton, "id
The sulphurous
chronic
eases
generally.
Such
in
to to
glandular
WW
swellings,
dis-
tow
one of the Monroe Springs,
WW
w
gout, scurvy,
is
Wash-
Putnam's Congress.
are valuable
rheumatism,
is
and cutaneous
and the Sulphur Spring on the east side of Saratoga lake;
and all the bath houses at Saratoga are provided with
Bulphurous water for the purposes of bathing.*
00 VI
<l
w
41.51
43.407
*
For many matters relative to the analysis of the Saratoga and
and their medical use and properties, the reader is
3.71 5.95
Ballston waters,
work of Doct.
Steel, published in 1S38.
>fi»
w
•
referred to the excellent
•
too
to
'
I
i
T
�^73
ra
P*
<
f?
11
3
05
w
>
M
r
H
O
^
o
^-
Monroe.
Br
Springs
S ?
=
.
.
=
"T
^
w
S
»
;;:
at
"J
32g
fe
00
A
03
en
en en
00
o
o
oo
oo
•
O
o
o
o
o
o
o VI
o
vj
•
bo
01
to to
WW
cn
to to
CO CO
pw
^o^o
CO CO
00 GO
0^
00
CD
coco
Temperature.
^'ppcific gravity.
ec 00
to to to to -. Quaiilitv aim00 CO CO '
I
^—
"tO"^
1
1
'oototo"
00
vl OA
•
CSCr.)
r~
-^1
•
•
on
Muriate Soda.
CO CO
JO
on en
Cl o^
Hydriodate of
Hoda.
CO
O
to
o
<!C0
CO
CO
*"
^•'
•
•
•
COOT
•
•
'0»
CI
CD
h-oi
^ CO
•
•
•
•
to
•
8
^
o« o» en CO
CO
en ^o
vl 00 en
en
CO CO »6>.
on on
to Vl^Kj
o
Ci
;tO
4i>
?
ben
vJO
•
•
Carbonate of
Litiic.
C!).-I)onate
of
Iron.
^
pp
o
nc'H-co
C.-irbonate of
Mairiiesia.
00
»-»Va"
to
vl CO on C5
»U. on
CO
^
00 O ^
X
vl
g-o
•S*.-'
•
on }o
vl 4a.
CO
on
to
en
C3
^^J
00 • to
00
«
to
^
"^^
-"-v
Carl)onatc of
fcjoda.
CO
t4H
U'Jdine.
t— to t—
•
on
on
on
•
to
CI
05
coco
CO o
o »u
OD 00
en
lU en
b
C5 00
on
CO 10
*-'
o
•
Silix.
to^ovj
cfi3
.^^o^o2. Cnrhonic
•—
•
•
•
o
)U vt hU
p5
acid
!:
on bo
%
At* losphcric
au".
I
�r
V
I'
JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.
86
9,
Medicinal Waters of Europe.
'I
^________
at
In addition to the preceding, the Pavilion Fountain,
Saratoga contains the following:
Graina.
226.58
Chloride Sodium,
Oxide
'
Iron,
•
'*•!"
•
2.75
Iodine of Sodium,
2.75
Bromide of Potaseium,
.
'^«^*
Alumina,
The
and use of the waters at a distance from
bottling
the Springe, are matters of importance to those who usg
them. The residents of Saratoga say that none of the
and Iodine Springs.
^-aters bottle so well as the Congress
leave no ecdimcut, but
They
and
pure.
appearance.
tary effects
if
others often cast
are fine
a red sediment,
and
uncorked, they are found to have a dull and milky
when
as
The
when drawn they
In the use of bottled water, the same salumust not in nil cases be expected from them,
used at the Fountains, with
of new scenery, change of
air,
all
the accompaniments
gay company, music, and
the thousand other excitements of travel.
Of the medicinal wnicrs of Europe, those under the de-
nomination of " Spa waters," are the most celebrated. Of
this kind are Pyrmcnt, in Westphalia; Forges and Passy,
in France;
and Tunbridge and Brighton,
in
But the most
noted arn those of Spa, a small
mountainous
district of
England.
town
in the
Belgium, which forms a part of
the fount of Ardennes, the noted scene of one of Shakspeare's plays.
was
The Pouhon Spring water
at this place,
The following
Saratoga waters arc much more
analysed by Doct. Jones, in 181G.
result
shows that the
richly charged
both with gas and mineral properties.—
�JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.
The
87
village of Saratoga.
Temperature, 50°; one gallon of water, or 231 cubic
inches, produced
Grains.
Sulphate of Soda,
99
Carbonate of Soda,
.
.
2.25
,
Carbonate of Magnesia,
1.80
Silix,
2.26
Loss,
2.94
Muriate of Soda,
1.16
Carbonate of Lime,
9.87
Oxide of Iron,
5.24
Alumina,
20
Carbonic acid gas, 26^ inches;
to the gallon
less
by 68 cubic inches
than some of the Saratoga Springs.
THE VILLAGE OP SARATOGA.
" Green arching bouglig
hung over where
I sat,
And through the paitinj^ leaves, dazzling and beautiful.
The flunbeains pour'd rich streams of golden light."
The
village of Saratoga, is in the
town of Saratoga,
is laid
northwest part of the
county of the same name. It
out upon a plain broken only by the ravine of the
in the
I
�;^s^*>*s
JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.
88
FiXpeiiditure of visitors the source of wealth.
Springe, through which there courses a small fresh water
brook.
is
The
direction
off in
an eastern
ol"
emptying
direction, first
into Saratoga
and nfterwards
through the village
this rivulet
upper end of the village
northern; from the
Lake.
into
which mingle more or
The
legislature,
iguitably
issue,
with
it,
this
brook
whence
all
and the waters of
yet
to
the taste
it
ap-
be impregnated with any of their mineral
pears not to
qualities.
less
passes
creek,
Although
passes directly through the low ground from
the principal medical Springs
it
Owl
villngc
April, in
in
out;
laid
was incorporated by an act of the
1826.
a part
is
It is for
compactly
its
built,
situation,
and many
handsome dwellings and seats are observed around; some
commanding fine views, and others almost hid from eight
in groves of evergreens.
As a place of business, Saratoga has nothing to recommend it but its Springs
from these its wealth and capital
—
is
derived;
and the expenditures of strangers constitutes
to the business
I'..
men
of the place their only income
and
dependance.
to
The trustees and inhabitants of the village are entitled
much credit for th^ order and cleanliness of the streets,
for the
shade trees that they have planted, and for the
care and neatness in which the fine groves are kept, for
which the place
is
distinguished.
Saratoga being a healthy,
fashionable place,
have chosen
The
it
act by
as well as a pleasant
many gentlemen
and
of wealth and dignity,
as their residence.
which the
village
is
incorporated gives to
the trustees power, by the written consent of the owner
of
iixB
land on
vhich any medicinal or mineral Springs
�JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.
!»nri»toga l;rfore
it
was
80
aoltlpi
ore situated, to make erections
about such Si)rings, for
the accommodation oflbose who visit
the Spritig^f, for tho
purpose of drinking or olherwJee using
the watora; and it
their duty to see that the passage
is
is kept open to and
from the Springs, and to appoint proper
persons to atlcnd
the Springs to draw the water for
mich as wish to drink,
or moke use of them, without
demanding any compensa-
tion.
At an
early day, the present site of
Saratoga
forbidding, wiki
and uninteresting;
it
was most
was more congenial
the abode of bears, wolves, and other
ferocioun beasts
man. Of these great numbers resorted about the marsh, the waters
being very agreeable
for
of the forest, than for
to
them.
The
ravine in which the Springs are situated,
was an
almost impassable morass; where it
was not filled
with
fallen trees,
rubbish and brush wood, black
and noxious
mire holes were seen, on which
ture.
Even the
air
it was dangerous to
venwas impregnated with a foul stench
which arose from the mareh, and sickness,
especially fevers
and chills, preyed severely for many years
upon the first
fictdera.
What a change has the labor of man produced?
Not only now are there beautiAil fields,
shady groves,
attractive gardens, elegant and
comfortable dwellings'
but the veiy air, from being noxious
and insalubrious, has
become pure and healthy.
There arc very few places
more thriving, or that are faster advancing
in business
and improvements, than Saratoga.
i
ii
8^
I
�JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.
90
CliHractcr of Public Houses.
PUBLIC HOUSES.
f
•
A Yankee can keep a tavern." — Foreign
The clicimctor
is
of the very
Traveller.
of sninc of the public houses at the Springs
and
order,
first
all nre respectable.
Some
particularly the resort of stntcamen, of ollice holders
these are
With
and the great, and would be great.
politicians;
mingh
are
and
d gentlemen of the turf, connoisseurs of
the odd Irick, and the amateurs of poker.
With
these
too will be found the exdiirives of society, whether Pres-
Churchman; the
l)ytcrian, Ilomani.il, or
and
hello of
fashionable lady,
high ^jretensions.
In another house will be observe<l Clergymen, and their
families,
respectable professional gentlemen, and persons
and characters who^e demeanor, though sober and
are yet affable
The
substantial farmer
ed at another house.
atoga
fall
retiring,
and genteel.
and tradceman, are often observ-
It is
thus that people while at Sar-
into a particular class; not one formed
by any
arbitrary rule, but as they arc pleased to rank themselves
with each other at the different
It
hotels.
would be a pleasure to enlighten strangers on this
is so invidious that it must be omit-
subject, but the task
ted.
must
The
advertisements of the keepers of the hotels
in this respect
Saratoga
is
regarded.
lie
mentioned
at
p«ge 16.
furnished and unfurnished, for the
The price of board at
Rooms and tenements
use of families, may be
obtained for rent.
On
the whole, strangers can
accommodation,
at the
meet with every
desirable
public houses, private boarding-
houses, at the rcstiuateurs, or in their
own hired apartmenta.
�m
JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS*
91
Aiiiui>eiuent8.
AMUSEMENTS.
LBR.
*'
And
orne are
joyous cords
still
!
— ring
and a wilder
bring forth wreaths
Save
and
iurs
I^'ig.
A swifter
Springs
!
out again
strain
— wc will banish
On, through the maze of the
fleet
For a place so
retired, the
amusements arc
are so ordered as to suit the taste of those
er Pres-
take
of them.
Visitors from the
green shades, pleasant rides, pure
make
eating, to
md
their
persons
and
—
!"
various,
fine fashions, to
make
and
who
are to par-
cities find
enough of
nir,
and
fine
the place agreeable; and those
from the country, see enough of
ters,
!
dance, on
th these
jle lady,
all
the pure in heart from the festive hall
With
seurs of
!
!
new
thc^r
country
who
are
things, odd charac-
time pass pleasantly;
retiring,
" And
1
vvitii
sweet novelty the soul detain."
observ-
at Sar-
by any
emselves
The
circular railroad
is
a very pretty thing.
the southern extremity of the village,
race,
It is at
on a beautiful
ter-
completely shaded with ever green trees; and from
the spot
I
on
this
is
prospect.
H
i
The road is in circumference the eighth of a
has two tracks on which two light airy cars re-
afforded to the spectator a
charming sylvan
be omit-
niile;
le hotels
volve in opposite directions.
The cars resemble the light
body of a gig, and are provided with a seat for a lady and
a gentleman.
With much ease the gentleman gives
board at
snements
,
may
be
desirable
joardingirtments.
power
it
to the
movement, and when both
cars are flying
round with the velocity of the wind, and passing each
other as feathered arrows, a thousand fashionable promenaders, chatting
and
laughing,
fill
up Uie ground; the
I
�92
JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.
C'oveiit
Gnnicn—
CJniiihlirig.
and animating. All
Springs can partake in this amusement, as
scorio is truly joyous
ting,
and a diversion
The
in
who
it
is
visit
the
exhilara-
every respect unobjectionable.
cost of this railroad
was eleven hundred and fifty
and the charge for riding three times round, is
twelve and half cents.
Next to the circular railroad, are the public gardens.
dollars;
The
Recreative garden has three bowling-alleys, one of
is exclusively for the use of ladies.
which
Covent garden, besides
rustic
huts,
summer
and shady bowers, has a plalform of flying
with their
ii,
There
riders, arc
horses.
houses,
These
whirled around with great rapidity.
are in the village altogether, thirteen bowling-
alleys, several billiard tables,
m
and
the season of visiting,
the apparatus and paraphanalia of gambling and dissi-
all
pation.
find their
Such
way
are the accompaniments of the throng that
to the Springs in the summer.
They are
not acknowledged as a part of the regular inhabitants of
the place.
The citizens of Saratoga are a steady, quiet
and no way inclined to participate in the follies
dissipation which is annually poured in upon them.
Another great source of amusement is :.iding. Not less
people,
and
than thirty
owned
is
thousand dollars worth of livery property
Springs, for the use of strangers, and
owners produce a handsome income. Coachbarouches, curricles and gigs, are used.
Of late years
which
es,
five
at the
to the
the fashion
of riding on horseback, both by ladies and
gentlemen, has been revived, and
wM
is
much
followed at the
Springs.
Among
following:
the
many
places to which visitors ride, are the
�JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRINGS.
litilld
Barhyt'a
fish
and affords
and Assemblies.
pondj two milea eciU
fine
93
amusement
It
producea trout,
Ho
to anglers.
the privilege of fishing, aud requires that
shall be cooked on his premises.
charges for
what
is
caught
The Lake House, on Saratoga Lake, 4 miles; where
game dinner, consisting of fish, and wild game, is fur-
a
nished to gourmands, for |2.
and 3 wide.
The
lake
is
9 miles long,
Bemis's Heights,
and other memorable scenes of the
revolution around the eventful battle
grounds of ^Saratoga,
are still much resorted to.
To Glen's Falls, about 20 miles. To Lake George,
28
To these places stages go daily.
miles.
Niskayuna,
river, is
the
Schuylersville,
is
Shaker settlement, on the
Mohawk
16 miles.
where Burgoyne
laid
down
his arms,
12 miles.
Besides riding, promenading round the
village, visiting
and gardens, there is got up, when there
is
much company, balls, assemblies and cotillion
parties.
the Springs
These are held at some of the highest
public houses.
and other refreshments
Caive, ice creams, frui1», wines,
are furnished.
to $2.
The
tickets of admission cost from
^1,50
*
A more
costly, and of course more fashionable
order of
assemblies, are sometimes held, called
Champagne balls.
Tickets to these are usually $5.
At two of the principal public houses a band of
music
is employed.
The band performs alternately at each
house at dinner and tea.
There are also at tho Springs two public
libraries and
reading rooms; and two weekly
newspapers.
*
«
�I
94
II
JAUNT TO SARATOGA SPRIKOS.
Cliurcliea.
CHURCHES,
There
is
a Presbyterian church, a Baptist, and a small
a Methodist chapel, and a Roman
Episcopal Chapel,
II
Catholic church
The middle
reserved for the
is
now
building.
scats of the Presbyterian church
I'.se
are all
of strangers; at the Baptist Church
they are respectfully received, and the Episcopal chapel,
and Methodist, are free. These last denominations are
.
ill;
!;
m
^
also building
new
churches.
TABL
'ill
iiii
ill
�PART
III.
THE FALLS OF NIAGARA,
DESCRIPTION OF THIS
WONDER
OF NATURE,
OF THE
WHIRLPOOL, ISLANDS,
A JAUNT TO CANADA,
TABLE ROCK -BROCK'S MONUMENT,
&c.
�r*w.3
'
�I
�Js^^'s,W.'f^
?
1^:
U.
„
�wf
THE ARRANGEMENT.
The
colloquial form has, in
in affording directions
some places been adopted,
and information to travellers. The
observations of the guide, and the remarks of
the visitors,
have been in some places transcribed. In this
manner,
the information which has been garnered np
for years, is
imparted to strangers in its appropriate place.
The
sketches are
vicinity;
and
is
made
in a tour round the Falls,
and
divided into four Jaunts.
The First Jaunt
is to the Falls on the east side
of the
they are commonly called, the American
It may be made, from the hotels, in
half an hour;
river, or,
Falls.
as
but the feelings of those M'ho go, will determine
the pe-'
riod of their stay.
Some have thought half a day a short
time to spend in viewing the cataract from
that
position,
and the other objects to which their attention is
drawn.
The Second Jaunt is to the Islands.
Bath,
Iris or
Goat, and the other
cessible.
It
may
little
adjoining Islands that are
be made in two hours.
Many
ac
persons
spend a day, and repeat the visit frequently,
asserting,
that the interest excited increases the
oftener the scene is
uc held.
9
�ill'.
1
98
JAUNT TO TnE FALLS.
The
The Third Jaunt
three hours; and,
Village,
nnd
if
is
Arr;iiii:c!iieiU.
the Whirlpool.
to
extended
It
to the Devil's
old Fori Ningnra, a
requires
Hole, Indian
day or more will be plea-
santly spent in the excursion.
The Fourth Jaunt
to the Falls,
but
it
may
would be
is
to Canadn.
This, like the visit
be accomplished in less than an hour;
Very few arc
superficial.
satisfied
such a slight peep into her Majesty's dominions.
like to visit Table
with
They
Rock, and take a look below, through
the mist and under the sheet of falling water.
In speaking of the time to be consumed in looking at
and around the greatest cataract in the world, reference
is had to those who travel with railroad speed, and such
are travellers in general, in these days;
and not
who have
and opportunity,
no period can be
sions.
To such
leisure.
fixed;
all
as have time
depends on their
If they are uncxcited
will be short;
own
and uninterested,
to those
impres-
their stay
they will cast a dull and unimpassloned
look over the scene, and hurry away.
tcit diflercntly,
Others who have
have remained weeks and months at the
Fallp, still extolling
to their eatisfuction.
them, and spending their time
much
�JAUNT
A
TO
THE FALLS OF NIAGARA,
ON TjHE
AMERICAN
SIDE.
TnE TRAVELLERS.
A
pnrty from q diptnnt eity ore on
o tour of plcasuro
to the Fallc.
There arc three principal routes on the
Amcricnn
eide that lead to this celebrated plncc.
One from
the upper lakcF, the south nnd the cast,
through the city of Huflalo, from thence
by railroad to
the place of destination:
One from Canada, and the lower lakes, via Lewiston,
and from thence alto, by railroad:
The third, from the east, by the Erio canal, railroads,
etages and steamboata, to
the city of Rochester, end
through the vllage of Lockport, and from thence
by railroad to the Falls.
The
J"
—
;
travellers that
—c
BCflu)a in
vtie
arc the dramatis pcrson<E of this
xjOCiiport cuiu x^igagufa Falls roil*
�JAUNT TO THE FALLS.
102
First
road cars.
si
i,')it.
They have nnivcd withhi two
miles of tho
—
*'
the
exclamation is heard
object of their visit, and the
!"
An imposing scene has, indeed,
Falls ! the Falls
takes place to
broke upon them, and a general move
Those
catch a glimpse of the mighty calnract.
and direct view in
the right side of the cars have a full
which, by their side,
front, and of the Niagara river,
seated at
flows far beneath.
the very verge of
On
its
banks, at a
rapid rate of eighdizzy height, they are whirling at the
some passengers
teen miles an hour. On looking below,
have been known
hold their breath in amazement; others
protracted whistle,
to express their astonishment by a low
L,.'
until the supposed danger
1
was
past.
of the ladies
looking at the object before her, one
replies a pasexclaims— '* is that the Falls?" " Yes,"
iluned Niagara
u
eenger, " and look below, there is the far
On
>
I
river."
behold
Another observes— ** after so long a period I
"what a distance have we como
this place;" and one
—
to feast our eyes
**
A
upon
this scene!"
great mist arises
from the water
concealed behind a cloud.
Is
it
— the
Falls seem
always so 7"
with the scene,
mist which
**
and in the clear cold weather of winter, the
and smoke of somo
arises in clouds, appears like the flame
burning city. At such
conflagration, or as of a
**
Always," answered a person
familiar
great
times the burning of
remembrance."
In a few minutes
Moscow
is
always brought to
my
after the Falls are first beheld, at tho
have
mineral spring, two miles from the cataract, the cars
stroet of the vilrolled on; have passed through tho Main
lage,
and have stopped at tho upper end.
�JAUNT TO TOR PALLS.
Renmrks of Travellers.
Gener.'il
The
103
—
—
of the pnasengcrs ore Bnlutod with
" pnesen," " <rcntlepnrH ibr tlic
," << tmvnllcrfl (or the
cui-fi
show me your
^>nggasc," " for the
\nrn, plcaec to
—
(<
bagjjrnge
for
,"
the
Mndam?" " do you go
to the
Sir?" nnd all the jargon and noise which a
full array of the runners nnd waiters from the hotels can
,
,
utter.
The
travellers
having made up their minds
i)efore their
go to their hotel, enter their namoa,
arrival, or afterwards,
Eccure their rooniB, and breakfast, dine or sup, as the case
may
for a
be,
and when prepared
for a visit to the
Falls,
send
Guide.
The
aid of a guide
ferent views,
and
is
to
indispensable, to point out the dif-
impart a
full
knowledge of
all
the
localities.
After having concluded their arrangements they start
on
their first ramble.
Passing in a western direction from
the hotel,
they traverse the
leaving
narrow
a
street,
bank of the
continue
river, or after
along on the rising
ground, until they enter a grove of trees; emerging from
thence, they behold the Falls at once before them, rolling
majestically,
**How
and displaying
" Truly, the
*'
It is
all
their grandeur.
magnificent!"
grand
half has not been told!"
—
it is
dreadful!"
" They are terrible, yet beautiful!"
*' They appear
small at a distance, and, at first eight,
was disappointed. They exceed my expectations."
"Never have
I beheld,
or imagined,
I
any thing com-
parable to this.
Such arc some of the many
expreasiont)
which break
�"
'
,iM
JAUNT TO THE PALLS.
104
Description.
from
travellers,
generally those
but
and show
forth tlioir emotions; they are
of admiral ion,
many gaze and wonder
min^dcd with pleasure;
in eilence.
THE FALLS OP NIAGARA.
*'
Tremendous
Tlic terrors
^'
h
torrent! for
ot'lliy voire,
on instant hui«li
and cast aside
Those wild involving niiadows
\
May
;
lliat
my
eyc3
see the fearful beauty of thy face."
II
On
the western boundary of the State of
New- York,
runs the Niagara river, in a northern direction, and the
centre of which is the boundary line between the United
Ml
1'
States and the dominions of Great Britain.
is
with lake Superior and
is
The Niagara
the outlet of the va^t chain of western lakes, beginning
its
hundred tributary streams, and
the principal inlet of lako Ontario.
from the Indian, and was
called
Niagara
fs
derived
by them Onyakarra,
according to David Cusich, of the Tuscarora tribe,
who
published a pamphlet in 1827.
M
The
Falls are
twenty-two miles from lake Erie, and
The two branches of the
Ontario.
fourteen from lake
which encompass Grand and other Islands, unite a
mile above the rapids; and it is there, two miles in width.
river
As
it
advances forward, the current accelerates in
downward
From
IHiiiil
Pl
i
course,
tranquil
the surface;
it
and
and the channel contracts
glossy,
a
its
in width.
slight ripple is seen to
move
next assumes a descendinff and cradle-like
�JAUNT TO THE PALLS.
Volume
movement; the waves
and are broken
other,
of Wuler.
enlarge, the
into
105
tops
roll
over each
whilc-caps and spray.
Tho
whole body of the mighty river becomes
agitated, as if
conscious of the great plunge it is about to
make. The
placid stream has become a rushing
torrent, broken into
and
cascades
presses
sweeping
it
forward with
to ridge it
bounds, until
and there
billows.
Its
own momentum
it
boils
irrcsiatiblo violence;
it
from ridge
reaches the perpendicular rock,
sweeps over, and falls below.
The water
up from beneath, like a sea of white foam; the Sjjrny
rises in clouds which hang dark and
heavy above, or are
wafted away by the current of the wind; and
rainbows
encircle below and obove this most wonderful
of nature's
workg.
Iris island
the water
off
is in
by ProspecL
and.
The
the mid,3t of the F«lls, and separates
A smaller ehect
70 great sheets.
inii.
island, jiassing
between that and
is
struck
Iris isl-
between the islands and American
than the main channel which separates Canada from the United States, and passes on the
western
shore
is
portion
lees
side of Iris island.
In that channel is borne along a
volume of water of inmiense magnitude, the drain of
more thau 150,000 square miles of surface of lakes and
rivers.
How sublime
lured beholder!
the object that
is
at once over so high a precipioe,
larly into tho
presented to the enrap-
Such a body of congregated
and
chasm below, whose depth
man to fathom.
The rushing, roaring sound which
v/ater poured
falling perpendicuit is
not possible
for
falling
water
— the
is
emitted by the
variety of colors presented to the eye;
I
�JAUNT TO THE PALLS.
KXJ
Fiiiiiilinrilv willi
iioiso.
llioi
the Bplcndor yot Bublimily of the prcne
Bpnnlator,
— nro
new
to Iho
and create emotions Imrd In he iloscribed.
ore Ihone of the stormy ocean and ovcr-
The Bounds
wlichning tempent; 1he-e
Bounds arise
Some
and
and
filtul
one continued roar, yet other
hnvc
at tJintR,
ptn-fiojiH,
myfiterioiiB;
is
varied.
noiscfi,
fjincicd
the intonnlions of the hnsa
note
trumpet
of tho
— and
even
drum
— the
Blow, solemn and heavy report of artillery
human
the
strange
— the
swelling
voice
in
agony, has been heard by many imaginative enthusiasts.
But the similarity of the sounds to the hum drum, and to
artillery are so near,
at times, that persons have been re-
peatedly deceived.
It requires a long residencG to
regardless
the
of
they
sensations, hut generally
To
character.
those
which seems
to prevail
cent villages,
makes
it
become
To some
noise.
it
familiar to,
and
creates unpleasant
arc those
of a
who are
when they visit any
appear to them like
residents, the
contrary
quietude
of the adja-
the stillness
of Sunday.
Strangers
the
Falls
who remain
is in
over night, though the sound of
when they retire to rest,
awake from their slumbers,
their ears
when they happen
to
yet
fre-
quently fancy themselves in the midst of a tempest; the
house trembles, the windows and doors clatter, the wind
rushes and whistles round, the rain pours; and amid all,
they hear the unceasing sound of the cataract. They
out upon the raging storm; and when they
draw the curiam, or throw up the windows, they perceive that the stars are shining sweetly, and not a zephyr
rise to look
disturbs the pendant leaves.
�JAUNT TO THE PALLS.
107
Distance wliich the Falls nrc heard.
to tho
'
In heavy weather
and
farther;
*
d overit
other
has just bce.i
^veiling
takes place, and
in
and
,
to
been
rc-
to,
nnd
pleasant
contrary
at
In
a distance,
heard
though
perceptible, often gradually,
nnd sometimes suddenly, the increased roar of the
cataract
ear.
change of weather immediately
comes upon the
lusinstp.
and
louder,
ie
live
which
sound
n — tho
I'oice
who
within hearing of the Falls, they are an unfailing
barometer.
After a pleasant turn "f weather, during
the
Rtrnngo
the sound
those
to
A
is
often followed by a storm.
In some directions the roar of the Falls
heard over six
river
or seven miles;
is
not usually
along the course of the
they are constantly perceptible
for about fourteen
been occasionally heard at the distance
of thirty miles; and in one instance nn
individual asserts
to have heard them at the city of Toronto,
in Canada,
miles; they have
distant forty-four miles.
The concussion
of the falling waters jar the adjoining
and the houses tremble in concert with the un-
quietude
shores,
he
ceasing shock.
adja-
Btillness
sound of
rest, yet
ers,
frc-
pest; the
the
wind
amid
t.
all,
They
hen they
they per;
a zephyr
This may be questioned by those who have only spent
an hour or two at the Falls, in the clear, serene, and bland
weather of summer; but those who have remained there
longer will certify to the fact.
If a door is left ajar it
vibrates, if a
window
is
loose
quietly at their fire-sides,
it
clatters;
perceive a tremulous motion, which
the Falls.
There
ia
much
and even sitting
the inhabitants will, at times,
they can
trace to
difierence in hearing the Falls;
at a short distance
from them the noise is not unpleasant,
but close to the sheets of water, to many persons
it ia
almost overwhelming. It is believed by many abroad,
that persons long resident at tho Falls
hearing.
That
become hard of
this is generally eo, cax-iaot
be positively
�I
JAUNT TO THE FALLB.
108
ijHinirics imsj\\»'rr»i|.
A
oBflertcd.
visited Uio
lady of Lovviston,
Hint
asserlB,
Falls,
who
years eiiice
scvernl
to her the
noise
wqs
so
(hough
inteiiBenH to deprive her of hearing in one car; and
from
ninny years have since pnHHcd, she has not recovtjcd
And yet
the deafncBrf v/ith which she was then struck.
very
many
visitors express thenisolvea greatly diHn[)point-
noise of the Fnll.i;
ednsto the
they expected to hear
it
hursting boilers, ronring
Nothinjr hut
thunder, or crashing enrthcpiakcs can
henvier and louder.
cannon,
pualing
come up
to tho expectations of such persojis.
INQUIRIES ANSWERED.
" Trifles, on an interesting aubject,
Cease
Ah many
to be trifles."
inquiries are
made
as to places, heights,
dis-
subjects, the following
tances, nml on a variety of other
paragraphs arc intcjided as answers to such, and alibrd
in the shortest practicable way, the information required.
The form
IG
Iris island
of the Fnlls
and Canada
The western
or
is
is
That
a curve.
called the
part between
Horse Shoe
Horse Shoe Fall
is
Falls.
about seven hun-
dred yards in circumference.
The
Fall on the northern sido of tho island Is three
hundred and thirty yards.
The
MM
centre i
all,
bct-wxjcn Iris
about thirtv-thrct3 vords.
and Prospect
isUmdfl,
is
�Ij.
JAUNT TO THE PALLS.
(liumlily of water passiiijj over
ira
Biiu'u
WQ8
1
80
(liou^U
yet
inppoint-
htar
,
kcb can
The
ia
inchuhiifr Iria
computed at one thousand four
height of the Falla, on the American fide,
hundred and fifty-eight
From Chi])pcwa
The descent from
mated at ninety
At the
wide.
It
ferry
to
on the Canada
feet;
is
ono
side,
ono
feet.
Schlosaer
Ihc river
is
the widest.
those places to the great pitch
is
esti-
is fifty-six
rods
feet.
below the Fnlls the river
has been crossed in
live
minutes;
it
ordinarily
requires ten.
The
cloud of ppray wliich
nlvvoy? S3en, except
sonictinics seen
when
arises
from the
Falls, is
scattered by the wind.
It is
irom a great distance, even from that of
one hundred miles.
Computations have been made of the quantity of water
that passes over the FuHh.
barrels
This,
tlis-
following
nd
afibrd
equired.
between
ven hun-
[
(liBtnnrc nroiind the curve,
ielnridf^,
hundred and Fixty-four
it
roaring
llir I'jiIIh.
hnndrf'd yards.
red from
A.iul
whole
Tlio
and Profjprct
109
threo
ieUmdfl,
the quantity
-'s
Ibat 5,034,089,280
hours;
is
probably considerably more.
The average height of the banks about the Falls is from
two hundred to two hundred and fifty feet.
You can go, for a short distance from Iris island, under the spray of the
Horse Shoe Falls; some have called
going under the Horse Shoe Falls, but that
ioo
is
saying
much.
The
is
One
twenty-four
211,830,853, in
one hour; 8,5.30,614, in a minute; and 58,843 in a second.
This statement is undoubtedly within bounds; and
it
Is
descend in
principal spot visited, for going under the sheet of
water, is at Tabic Rock.
Even there, it is fashionable to
iueak of ihc distance advanced, in
exaggerated tcruib.
I
�JAUNT TO THE PALLS.
110
Nuiiilier of ViHiterH.
Great difibrenccs of opinion exist as
mnny wonders.
of this sccno of
view of the Falls
best view to
is
be had
A
One
to the best
says,
view
the best
Another, "the
from Tabic Rock."
is
**
from the centre of the
in
river,
**at Ware's
*Mhe best view is from the foot of the
A fifth, ** the grandetair-casc, on the American side."
est views of all are from the point of Iris island where it
overlooks the Horse Shoe Falls, and from the Tower at
crossing."
A
ferry.
observatory,
third,
near the
fourth,
the Terrapin rocks."
After
Falls
On
all,
in
it
Canada,
must be conceded that the view of the
surpasses any on the American side.
side there are
this
many
different views;
your eye
passes over the various prospects, piece by piece; on the
Canada
eide
you have a
full
On
front view.
the Ameri-
side, comparing large things with small, you not only
occupy the stage box, but go behind the scenes.
Persons who visit the Falls, to form a right conception
can
of the wonders of this country should pass over to Iris
island,
should visit the whirlpool, and great rapids along
the river, and should cross into Canada.
From
been
the rapidity of the water below the Falls,
difficult to
fathom
it,
it
has
but as nearly as has been
as-
two hundred and forty feet deep.
certained,
The ferrymen convey baggage safely from one
side of
compensation.
The
it is
the river to the other,
descending and
for
a
ascending the
fair
hills is
a laborious
task,
and they earn their money.
The number
of visiters increase yearly.
the best authority,
sand.
The number
the
number exceeded
In 1838, from
twciity thou-
of visiters in 1831), exceed d by one-
�TO THE PALLS.
JAUiNT
Ill
Niiiiics Mild liiitJalH.
any other year.
In 1840, though tho
preBSuro of the limes wns impi ledented, yet the numthird,
that of
ber of visitors
was about
tho
eamc
as tho previous year.
NAMES AND INITIALS ON THE ROCKS AND
TREKS.
•'
IVen
in tlie
woody
Of iliose we
Busy memory
seeks,
glade, for boujo dear
mark
love."
There are observed many names and
upon the rocks, and cut upon the trees.
initials chiseled
Some high
in
and some projecting over the precipice.
thought one sujjposes that the short lived
the branches,
At
the
first
immortality thus to be obtained
and
is
hardly worth the labor
risk.
It is
not so
much
the expectation of fixing a lasting
morial, as the pleasure of having one's
me-
name
recognised
by some friend, or acquaintance, in present or after years.
These mementos arc
like the registry of a public house,
but possesses a romantic
interest
that registers do not.
Here on the dark rocks and wild forest trees of Niagara,
mingled with names from every pau of the world, will
sometimes be found one dear to the heart of the observer,
and the object will be hailed with pleasure. It may have
been indented years ago, and he who made the memorial,
may, when the name is recognised, have ceased to exist
among
the
10
living
;
and then mn^' be
broiif''ht t
I
�JiU^^^K#'-
JAUNT TO THE FALLS.
112
Mists aiui Optical Illusions.
"
eccncfi long pnescd,
never to relurn."
nlfoclini; recof^'iiizfinccR ol thifi
Ifnd the
More thnu
Enropf.'nn wlio visited this pjjot
first
once,
kind have been witnessed.
Honie
lelt.
and his own name, he woidd, by
ineniorinl of tlie lime,
thnt nh^bl cireuniRtaner, have secured an inunorlality for
aiin8<!lf,
and
This
nof,
and
is
niiieb
a
will often allord
and
traveller
labor;
modern
to
Balisfaclion
listless
it
is
enciuirers.
many,
interesting to
some data aad materials
for the
historian.
MISTS AUOtJM) THE FALLS, AND OPTICAL
ILLUiSIONS.
"
" Hc(Mi
(liroiutli liio
"Objects
The
11
tiir,
beyond the
have
lost
familiar; not only so, but there are
works of man about
roads, pro.-^pect towers,
itH'
a6i)ect
When
and the
^U
i
like,
of their loncpoa-
first
so
many
of the
stair-cases, bridges,
that the wild and
which they once wore, has
the ferry was at
it
now
them, houses
would not be a passenger
quence,
much
majesty and awful ness which they once
Frequently beholding them has nnide the scene
eesBcd.
savage
life,
ppctir."
Falls, 1o rcsidenis,
hi>3S8, the
Iiulitilinct
nuhid
di6ai)peared.
established, at times there
for
several
would be often neglected, and
days; in
conse-
travellers were
�JAUNT TO THE FALLS.
>
113
(iiscoviTv,
l-'irst
„„nu,,„,„ or ,i,„ ;„..,,,„,,,,,,,
wijo««« <h„. ,l,:„,i„e,I,
n,c
«)a«
wl,a.
-rtm.t h„8,„,« „,
e,.,„. 11,0
,,,,jy ,,„j,,,„,:
,„.,.t ,.„.i„„s,
,;v„, ,,,,,„,_..
^
on im-
„„i,^j
„__
<he Ainor,™,, bm.k,
„„,! vv„tcl,c,l iLc
„„„,„;; „f ,Ue ,;,,.
ryin-n.
C1„„,I« „f ,„is( w,„;M
„,„vo ,lowu fbc river, cb-
8c.,r,ns, ..xcc,,l ,„
Al
8UC.L
;l*c,
a,em
e
c .mt
pi.--'.
I>.-oWlv, „
cl.....i
wco
.«-,.,„k,,l
in „i,l,|.
„,.
„„.,
I
,h. bm,k, „«
,t,e
knew,,.
ilret
l.eforo.
ycl ,r„„ght to light.
6cr,ho
llu.
^j^^^^
(ill
;;
^^'^^
„t„ea
of ,he „„th
Us ol,.„„ro wny „„.
_,,_^,_
„||
|.|^^^ __^^
;^,_,^
.^^^^^^
,|„rk„e8s „„cl n.ght
n"
ferryman's comin.'
diecovered tbe F„ll., does
no°t „ppe„r to ho
They were
"m..y yoar«
^1^
^,^^
,„i,t ,,„„,,i
„j,j,„,„.
lure n.o lo remain
^j^_^
^._,_^_
,l,i„k ,|,ey b,„|
nil of) nil prospect of
(ho
Wbo
,^^
i,id,Io„ ,„„,
«.,„„„I
;,,
Ag.-,:,,
„.„,„ ,b„ pi„„„„„, „„,,,,,
Jutms would
^,^^,„,,.„^,
„„o
I
„„
„^,^.„„,^^,,,
„,,«l,i
«.„.e i.
..« d.n.lM „n,l (rec.
nn<l
,|,^,y
each uihc.
Irnly ,locc|,!ive.
,„ ,,,„,
,,„„,j
|,|,„t
„( „„„,,
e ,.n,l ,b„ ,.oc ..,
Iml
rf,,,,,. f,,,„
v^on..
„„s.,„,- d„„,, ,!,, i,i„
„,„„,„,„ „,
.r
(I,
"""y the
|.™,,.
„„
;,„,,,,,,,,,
Inius, l„„ „p,,oa,a„cc«
by Father
visited in 1(;57,
Thi,
i,
and wilboul
do,d,t
(ho earliest notieo of
(hem
In 1078, they were vi«ted
and de-
Hennipcn.
The
deeeription
is
not
Falls („)0 feet
h.gh, it i. likely (he estimate
was made
from (ho top of (he banli
(o the supposed bottom
of tho
gulf, or abyss into
which tho waters ore precipitated.
It
18 nut
ccriainly known but (hot
Ills Cfiuiiiaie
mm
poii.t
of viov/
ii?
er.r rcet.
in (hut
"
!
\ i\
�JAUNT TO THE FALLS.
114
Fruiicis Abl)Ott.
After having viewed the Fnlle, from the observatory,
the travellers
or brow of the bank, to thr ir satisfaction,
down the
Bummer house
river,
pass
entering the pleasure garden.
A
stands upon the ground where once was
the cottage of Francis Abbott.
From
this place
he could
sight
look out upon the Falls, and regale himself with the
to which he was siJcU-bound and infatuated.
of the object
This was not a favored residence; but as he could not be
permitted to seclude himRclf on the island, to wbich he
;
here.
As
every visitor wiBhca to hear about this eccentric
gentleman,
is
he Borrowfi.lly seated himself
so extremely partial,
was
all
the information Ibat has been obtained,
given in the following account.
FRANCIS ABBOTT.
my
«'Frotn
My epirit wi^lknil
not,
youth upwnnla,
wilh the souls of men,
Nor looked tiiioii tlic earth wilh human eycM
The tliirst of their ai!i!)ition was not niino,—
Tlie aim of tlieir existence was no: mine
-,
;
I
had no sympathy
My joy
in tiie wilderness, to breathe
was
The diflicuU
Where
the
witli l)^^aUlin^ flesh.
air
of the iced momitain's top.
dare not build, nor insects wing
1)ird3
Flit o'er the herbless <rranitc
;
or to plunge
Into the rolling torrent, and to roll tilong."
In the afternoon of the
vwll built,
181 h of June, 1820, a t^l,
and handsome man, drc&5cd
in n long loose
�JAUXT TO THE
PALLft.
115
Fr.'inris Alihoif.
gown
or cloak, of
through
FallB.
a
chocolate
ho principal
.tree.,
of
color,
the
He
was .con
village
passi..g
of Niagara
had uiider his arm a roll
of blankets, a llutt,
and a large book; in his right
hand he carried
n Bmall stick.
Ho advanced towards (he Ea^rle
Hotel
attracting the gn/e cf vis.lors
and others by the singulara port foho,
ity of
hL. appearance.
With elastic step and animated
he passed the hotel; he heeded
not the inquiring
gaze of the .die multitude,
but linn and erect he bent
hit
motion
course to a more lowly, but
re.pectable inn.
He at onco
entered into stipulations with
the landlord, that the room
1^0 occupied should b.
solely his own; that
he sliould
Imohistabe to himself; and that only
certain portions
ot h.s fare should be
furnished by tlie landladv.
He made
tue U8unl inquiries about
the FuUe, and amon-r
other
tlimgs, wished to know if
there was a reuding-room
or
'lary in the village.
Being informed that there
was a
ibrary, he immediately
repaired to the individual
who
kept It; deposited three dollars,
and took a book; j.urcha«.da violm; borrowed music book.;
irdormed the
that his
name was Francis Abbott;
cw days
a
at the Fails,
librarian
that he should remain
and conversed on many
subjects
with great ease and ability.
The next
day, ho returned to the
same person; expaed largely upon the surrounding
scenery, the cascades
and cataracts, and of that
sublime spectacle, the
Falls
n all his travels, he said,
he had never met with
any
(Inng to compare with
this combination of
all that
tia
groat^
and
N ngara
beautiful.
Falls
except
He inqmred how
long
was
There was nothing so
grand as
Mount
.Etna, during an eruption.
usually remained, and
traveller,
I
�JAUNT TO THE FALLS.
116
Mis opinion of the Falls.
being informed that
many
stayed only one day, he obser-
ved that he should remain at
remarked,
"Can
this place,
and leave
it
week; and further
leant a
be, that there are thoae
it
in
persona can be found so
one day!
little
I
am
who come
to
astonished that
interested in these aston-
ishing works of nature, as to spend so short a period of
time in passing around and beholding them. As well
two day?, attempt to examine
detail the various mueeums and curiosities of Paris, as
think of becoming ncqunintcd with the magnificent
might
in
to
a traveller, in one or
scenery of Niagara,
^
such a short space of time."
in
In a few days ho called again, and again expatiated upon the resplendent scenery of the Falls, and said he had
concluded to remain a month, and perhaps six months.
In a short time after, ho determined to fix his abode on
Iris island,
and was desirous of erecting a rustic hut,
the purpose of abstracting himscll from
society,
all
for
and
The proprietor of the
of becoming a solitary hermit.
island having become acquainted with his eccentricities,
was apprehensive
might be alarming
that
his
For this reason, he thought
erect a building for
permanent residence
to strangers,
it
who
did not
there,
know
him.
not proper to allow him
such a purpose, but permitted him
occupy a room in the only house then on the
this house there lived a family that furnished
with milk and bread.
island.
him
to
to
In
at times
But he often dispensed with
these
necessary articles, providing himself in such other way
as suited his fancy, and preparing his food to suit his own
taste.
their
He
mode
observed once to a friend, *'that people, in
of living, took a great deal of trouble and un-
necessary pains; for
my
part,
I
have adopted a method
�JAUNT TO THE PALLS.
HiM residonce
Which
pmt
I find
wheat
flour,
,t
to
down.
me much
eaves
With
a
livinjr.
very pleasant and agreeable.
of water, in which I mix
dnnk
with
— mode of
give
it
n
117
I
take about a
eufficient quantity of
a proper consistence, and
then
I find that it
answers every purpose, and
labor and inconvenience."
his guitar by his side, supported
from his shoulder
sash, like an Eastern Minstrel,
silken
he would
perambulate the banks of the river to
the Whirlpool- and
once or twice extended his Malk to
Lewioton. The inmates of the houses on the way
would suddenly hear
the sounds of strange and
unknown music, the musician
would be observed standing at a
distance in the road, but
ns soon as noticed, or spoken
to,
would glide away
without giving any reply.
The
island
was
'
permanent residence for about
20
the family removed; and
to those
tew persons with whom he held
converse, he expressed
his great satisfaction of having
it in his power to
live en-
At
months,
his
length,
For some months, ho seemed to
enjoy himmuch, and until another family
tirely alone.
self
very
entered the
then concluded to erect a cottage
of his own;
and as he could not build on the island,
he made choice of
the high bank of the river, near
to and in full view of
the
Falls; which, of all other objects,
it was
house.
He
his delight
behold.
He
occupied his
new
to
residence about
two months.
On Friday, the lOth of June, 1831, he went
twice
below the bank of the river, to
bathe, and was seen to
go a third time.
At two o'clock in the afternoon, the
ferryman baw him in the water
he was partly floating
—
and partly resting his body on
the shelving rocks.
As
the boat approached, to
screen himself from (he gaze of
Tv
I
�9mmM-.
JAUNT TO THE
118
M'liiiKT
drew
tho pnRKon^Pi'8, ho
not seriously tbouglit
same
the
When
ol' Ills (Icat!!.
under
Lin lioad
and acting
aituation,
wnlor.
llio
us he bfid often
of,
same manner.
the
in
An
not there.
body coidd
be lound.
wna
It
was
jo
examinalion waH inniiediatidy
jiot
seen on
;
ueurdly deponited them.
\\c
svliiire
It wjih
been noticed in
the ferryman returned, bin clothep
the rocka,
hiH
PALI.H.
niad(>,
8U['[)o8ed
but
have
to
been carried away by tho current.
'•
k
The
iircciiy siiriro li;ul
Kwept
down,
liiia
I'lr,
fur
Froiii iiiorlal krii."
}
On
was
the 2Ih<,
llie
body wan taken up
and d(>eenily
Fort Niagara,
a(
and wan on Ihe next
eh'arly idcntilled,
in tho
interrc'I
(biy
removed
ground at Nia«^ara
burial
FaUH.
Thus tcrminaled
Abbott
—
spent tho two
career of the iinfortenato Francis
tli;-
luuAvn to
indeed,
lillle,
laal
more can only bo
yems of
th
of a
retyped able
family;
near wliom he
Sv)uie f 'W gksam'nga
his hfe.
He way
given.
Iho.-o
an Engli>h gentleman,
was endowed with
he
a good
mind, highly cultivated; and was eminently pleasing
III
his nuinnerrt.
lie
was not oidy master
ges, bat deeply read
sessed
all
tleman,
drawing
arti3
fa^scinating
eolIo([uial
in great perfection.
had
in travelling.
trtivelled
Spain, Portugal,
eideruble
the
and BcicnccH, and
pos-
the minor aeeoniplibhnu'nts of the tininhcd gen-
been spent
lestine;
in
in
of several langua-
periods
and
He
powero, and music
Many
had
years of bis
visited
through Turk..y
R;»me,
and
had
Fgypt and Pa-
niul
Greece,
France; and had resided
o[ time in
life
Italy,
lor cun-
Naples, and Pari«.
�JAUNT TO THE FALLS.
His
While
cli.'iractrr.
nt iho Fnlle, l)UHinrss
hrongbt
Foveral of the
'
ii
119
"••"«»
him
t<-*v
in
in cnnlncl,
ijiuiu
with
ue would
somet.mos ho «ociahlc; to all
others ho was distant and
JLs conversations were always
inlercstinrr, and
h.s doseriptions of countries
and people highly glowing
nnd animated. But at times,
even with his favored acquamtancc, he wonid hold no
converse; but conununicated to them his wishes, on
a slate, and would rerpiest that
nothing might he said to him.
Ifc would frequently, for
Ihree or four months, go
vmshaved,- often wifh no coverirtg
on his head, ami his body
enveloped in a
rcsorv..!.
blanket; shun-
ning
and seeking the deepest solitude
of the
He composed much, and generally
in Latin;
all,
island
but he do
Btroyed his compositions
almost
When
Ihem.
his
entertained that
ound, of his
kind.
Ifis
little
comi)osition;
faithful
it
as fast as he produced
was examined; hopes were
some manuscript
own
with difficulty
cot
dog guarded
was persuaded
or memorial might bo
but he
his
left
nothing of tho
door,
aside while
it
and it was
was opened.
J lis
cat occupied his bed; and
his guitar,
mid music books, were
scattered around
Iherc was a portfolio, and the
violin, flutes,
in
leaves of a
but not a word, not even
his name,
of them.
Many
mory
II
confusion.
large book-
was written Jn any
'
spots on Iris island arc
consecrated to the moOn the upper end of the island
of Francis Abbott.
he had established his walk,
nnd in one place
it
had be-
come trodden and well beaten,
hke that on which a sentinel performs his
tour of duty.
Between Iris and Moss
•sland,
01
'
there is cm!,owcred in
seclusion and shade, one
the moat charming
waterfalls, or casofldcs,
iinamnable.
I
�120
JAUNT TO THE PALLS,
Mis
walk.-'
This was his fnvorilc
Bortcd nt
nil
he continued
the
toiiicritv
lo
re-
In the coldest wcntlicr,
ground, and ice in the water,
llio
bathe in the Niagara.
lower extremity
briiige leading over
ol"
the
inland,
there
waa a
are called the Terrapin Hocks;
what
from this bridge there extended a single
lijpi;;
Thoio bo
rcjlrcut for balLiiig.
floasons of the year.
even when snow was on
On
— his
jjiece
of timber,
eomc twelve or lifteen Ibet over the precipice. On thia
bridge it was his daily practice to walk; with a quick
step he would pat-H the bridge, advance on the timber to
the extreme point, lurn quickly on his heel and walk
'back; and continue thus
walk
to
for
hours together.
Sometimes he would let him.^eh" down at the end of the
timber, and hang under it by his handri and i'cet for fifteen
and twenty minutes nt a time, and this over a chasm so
terrific, as
to
make
remonstrated with,
iji
much
On
being
thus exposing himself, ho would
reply, that, in cj'ossing
the sea-boy
the strongest head.
di'/.zy
for
llie
ocean, he had frequently seen
greater peril; and, as he should pro-
bably again pass the sea, he wished to inure himself to
such damxcrs:
were
not.
if
the nerves of others were disturbed, his
darkent hours of the night, he was
in the
often foimd walking alone, in the wildest and most dan-
and at such times he would
gerous places near the Falls;
shun the approach of men, as
if
they were unwelcome
in-
truders on his solicitude.
He
had a stipend allowed
land, competent
"elate
for
to
him by
support.
his friends in
He
Eng-
attended to the
of his accounts, very carefully; was economical in
his eircnditure of
in
his
payinj
money
far all rav>n":j
for his
an-'i
own
gjivJccs,
use; but generous
v.r-d
never receiving
�JAUNT TO
Hit
oi)!l i');i
m.y thiMK wilhc.t
.„„k,„,
""•',
;'7
"
-smdd
:,
•
"'•11
lie
--'
.
ndoretand.
extended lo
What
it
nil
will
121
i„„„e,li,„„ .,„,,„„,„.
j,^,
"' -li^'i"- <i..L
„„.,
The
mo.dvind.
|,e
FAJ.LH.
ofilip \i(.\vs
,,H,« behavior,
ol,g,„„ w„s u «,l,j.et
1
"
!''";g
Tfli:
,,,.,,
i,,„n,,,i,„
,,.e
rut
,,,,,„ J:
l,c.
„,,.,rcaalc.,I, ,,nd .ec„.cd
clarify ho „ekcd from
o.bora '
i„,i„i,.,,,,
,,„„,j
^„^
^
-leslroyed
s„ch a „,i„d a, hi,J
What drive hi,,, fro,,,
s"e.ely wl„cl, ho woa
so woll cnlc.,l„,ed ,„
„d,.rn,-„nd
what 1rm,rf„„„ hi,,,, „„I,ln
i„ „er«,„ „„d
uMkcl, i„,„
nn,a„laled a„e!,n,i,e, „h„„„i„g
,he nseociali,,,,
„f his
,„ya.ery he „ovor unfolded,
„,„1 hi,
• .""J^ li..ve
,ou,ai„ed sile„t ,,„ the
euhjeol.
Jlo w„«
ak.ut twcly-oight yc„r»
of age, a:, the time
of
ellow
The
„,e,r 1
hi.
With
the .ce„cry of Iho Faib,
he w„s pcrfeelly i„f„l-
Mled,a„dcx„re:.„odhin,sc!fi„ ,he
jvhen he .poke of
lie
,|,„
h„,,,if„l
Cai.adn, under
and,
his
ns ho
mptaro,,. ter,„„,
island
did not („ko up his
residence in
was „.kcd why be
peo,, o;
,„„.,t
,et,o.lB of Iri,
own (rove,„u,e„t-an,o„g
his
own
prefenod hein;; near (he Falls,
ho
could 11,0,0 soleet a
,.l«ce lo suit hi,n, as
the views on'
Huit sulo wore conshiered
hy ,na,iy, ll,o l.e«;. liis
rculy
"•as, that bo pieferrd
his side, heeausc, in all
that
I
'n<'-.resling
luc inlls
and
honuliful, the
were decidedly
was
American seencs around
superior.
H
�utigmt
iJigtSgi
H'i
JAKNT TO THK FALLS.
122
Ah'x.'iiHlcr's lim|).
h^
ALEXANDERS
LEAP.
hi?!
"My
(hoiiplils
mine buck.
AVlicrc wjia
Cold,
I ?
An.l nimil), aihU'iilily, i"''«^''y P"'*^°
Lifon-nssuiiiod its linu'criiif^ hold ;
And
llirob liy llirol),
Whicli
]\Iy
lill
>rru\vr»
a
paiiff,
for a inoiiKMit woidii conviilso.
tlioiijili tliick
blood rc-dow'd,
rar witli nia-oulh noises rang
and
chill
i
My
My heart be<,'an once more to thrill
My si.^ltt reuirn'd, thoii'ih (Ihn, alas!
•,
;
And
thicUen'd as
Mcthoujilit
ll('^
There was a
m
Sindded
At
it
\\ere Willi frhiss-
<iash
frleaiu,
Willi stars
was
of waves
nigh
•,
too, of the sky,
it
:
is
no dream."
a thrilling
a Bpol, about thirty rods from the Falls,
incident occurred in 1836.
and
number of men, employed upon the Lockport
at a
carousing
Niagara Falls railroad, were one night
A dispute, upon some relivillage.
tavern in the
A
m
small
of Irishmen and a
gious subject, arose between a parly
few
Scotchmen,
who happened
Scotchmen soon found
'Iff
room
;
it
to
be
present.
The
necessary to retreat to another
but the Irish blood,
excited
with whiskey, was
upon them, swearing aeu\u and
It had beccme one
destruction upon ''Luther's breed."
reason is lost in
of those fierce and fatal rows, where
whirlwind of expassion and intoxication, and in the
up, and they rushed in
citement,
blows are
which, happy
is
dealt,
and
life
is
taken; and from
ho who can safely retreat.
The
Scotch-
�t
JAUNT TO THE FALLS
123
Hi8 filltroni the bank.
me,, r.,3hed Ibrough
Iho l,„ck door „,„|
„ver tb. fenee»
l"<l,„g
.hcneolvc. hebiod ..cc.
:,"'^^
„„,1 „„„„„,
«uccoe,cd in dudi,,,, tUeir
i„f„n,„od p„r, ,cra
o,f„ rf
then however, .,y ,he
na,„c of Alexander,
.bo,"h ho
When ho got out of ,bc ynrd of Ibe
t„vern ho
found h,„sel, ,„„.,„a
,y ,„,„,„ „„^„„„_ ,
;™'^;
cq».,„ted w„h the place;
it w»s about i,
oVIoekT nd
qu,te dark,, be o,.uld
«co the wood,, „„ be
thought «t «
distance.
He ran toward, then: be wa,
.Icceivcd by bo
hrush wood and acatteri,,,,
trees growing along
the ,^0
bank
Ibe r,vor.
As ho entered the wood, he
rem™ .
teed al,ppn,g: ,be .lope i, about
SO feet, and the perpend,eular he.gbt 70 feet
he recollected no ,n„re.
:
Tho
next .norning, „t the
beginning of day, be found
him«lf wounded and bleeding on
tho rock..
The shelving
bank and nver on one side,
and an inBur,nou„tablc
bar
ner of rock on tbo other.
If. bad never been
to the
»ll.,nndd,d not know that there
were „„„.« t„ „,cend
the hank; but tho
«hanloe, at which
dre.dful
the
he
knew was down
workmen
lived,
the river.
In bopes of finding so,no
P^aco to «sce,„l, crushed
and bleeding „s he was,
ho
made out to gather himself
„p, „,d made his way over
the rocks, and through
the brakes and bushea.
I„ this
muUated state, he crawled along for
nearly
two miles.
rhe next day, towards noon,
bis companions
began to
Unnk of b,m; and, as there was
snow
teps
were w,thout
over the bank.
of blood,
A
on the ground, hi.
difficulty traced to
where he had ;one
party was dcs|,atchod
below.
and the manner
in
Mark,
which he had drawn himself
soon led them to him.
11
They fcand
hi lu
on mil
,
�JAUNT TO
124
TIIK FALLS.
and
l-'inli,
Au^liiiL'.
bis fingers
ho bad a stick in bia bandfl, over wbich
He
solid.
were clcncbod throuj^'b rncb olbcr, and frozen
and was then in a bewildered
was going round and round,
he would soon
Btate; and if timely relief bad n. t arrived,
feet,
He was wrapped
have peiiBbed.
in blankets,
and con-
His body was seveyed to the place where he lived.
badly frostverely injured, and his hands and feet were
medical attendance, and careful
bitten; but, with good
nursing, he recovered
loss
,
of
some
man, and
it
fingers
is
in
and
about three months, with the
Ioph.
Yet, he
an enfeebled
is
not likely that his former strength will
ever be restored.
FISH,
«»
AND ANGLING.
The silver eel, in shining volumes roll'd
The yellow carp, in scales bedeok'd with
;
g'.vift trouts, diversified
And
gold
;
with crimson sUxins
pikes, the tyrants of the wat'ry plains."
hook
Thp'c are several places where fish arc taken with
fond of
those
ar: line, and pleasant sport is aftbrded to
The best places are between the two sheets of
angling.
in Canada;
water, on Iris island; in the eddy at the ferry,
There are also,
Hole.
and at the Whirlpool and Devil s
The river abounds with
several other places resorted to.
a variety of
fiih:
white
fish,
salmon trout, pike,
pickerel,
�JAUNT TO THE FALLS.
125
EelH.
fingerH
is
He
.lid.
iwildcred
t)idd
8oon
nnd con-
W08
'
se-
dly frostid careful
with the
enfeebled
igth
will
Bturgeon, cnt-lish, while and black
bass, the mueand many other kinds.
On the subject of Hsh attempting to ascend
the sheet
of water, one of the party, a
traveller, remarks
l)crch,
ciilnngc, ecia, htrrinjr,
—
thin, I
am
When
I
remindud how
was a yonfb,
I
nces; and, while dinner wn.s
preparing, the
of the village came in.
commenced
We
In
schoolmaster
talking about the
He
Falls.
'«
was amused, many years ago.
was nt the Falls, on some busiI
conminnicated to me his whole stock of
information; and, with other things, gravely
informed me that
he had sat for hours together, in
observing the exertions
offish to ascend the sheet of water.
They would rise for
about eight feet, and then fall back,
and attempt it again.
Some would spring from the water; others
would ascend
the sheet by muscular strength."
The
must be put down as fabulous.
Yet, ella
do actually ascend from thirty to forty
(vet, on the rocks,
among the moss and grass, where the
Falls
story
constantly
picked
mist from the
and they have been there
quantities
but there
of their reaching the river above.
Eels were not formerly taken on the
upper
with hook
se fond of
sheets of
n Canada;
are
also,
Dunds with
B,
in considerable
;
:
is
no
possibility
'1-,
•e
up,
descends
pickerel,
lake; but
they have been often caught in the river
below, and carried and put alive in the stream above.
It
was supposed
that they again returned, by passing
over the Falls; but,
for a year or two past, a few messes
of fine eels have been
caught in the river above, and carried
to the BufFalo
market.
�hi
JAUNT TO THE PALLS.
126
HiiiHiii^' groiiniiH,
,8
'1|
nud
(iiiiiM*
i
'
I
HUNTING GROUNDS, AND GAME.
The wholo
m
extent of country lyintj east of the Falls,
on the American
tract
is
side,
is
well filled witL game.
yet new, a large portion of
it
being
in
This
a state of
nature, and deer and bears have not entirely disappeared;
though the
aio
latter is quite a stranger.
Sometimes wolves
numerous and troublesome, but among
whom
the
rifle is
hook, their career
a people with
as familiar as the scythe and reaping
is
but short.
Foxes, wild cats, racoons,
and other wild game, are plenty.
Similar
descriptions of game are yet found on the islands.
squirrele,
For the sportsman, there are ducks, sometimes wild
pheasants, quails, pigeons and woodcocks.
The
woods of Canada also abound witli some kind of game.
Large stories have been related, by travellers, of water
geese,
fowl alighting in the current, t:bove the Falls, and, before
they could
One
rise,
of being
drawn
over.
authentic instance can only be mentioned.
gentleman was standing near the
Falls,
was playing and gamboling
the water above.
It
rapid stream, just
i
where the water begins
Ihe rock.
It
At
it
and
length,
it
plunged
in,
I Mkm
:
r
and rose again, several times.
much game
'^'
'
in the
frequently picked up, in the river below, such
th« couatry.
IIIH^mI
^^B
is
as wild geese, ducks, and swans, a bird not
ll;':',
in the
to curve over
was seen no more.
morning
...
a
dived too near the suction of the current,
After very heavy and dark nights,
Si
As
he saw a duck in
They
fall
common
in the current, in the darkness
to
o'"
�JAUNT TO THE FALLS.
Itoiul
down
127
the linnk.
the night, or dash
the.n^elves, in Ihoir paHeage,
against
rocks or sheet of wafer.
They arc found dead, or
du^nbled, With broken legg
or vvina«.
the
An
old
English inagn/ine, called
the - Magazine of
to give ^' . true
account of Niagara
Magazines," pretends
Falls
,n
Amenca."
the Indians, in
A.nong other
things,
it
states that
their canoes,
sometimes passed the Falls
in safety.
That the cjuantity of game
drawn in, and carned over the Falls was so great,
that oii a time, the French
garrison, at Fort Niagara,
consisting of ]000 men, becoming destitute of provisions,
were subsisted for three months
on the game picked up below
the Falls.
Surely,
travel-
lers
in those days, u.iderstood
well as those of
how
to
exaggerate
full
as
modern times.
ROAD DOWN THE BANK.
Between eighty and one hundred rods
from the Falls
the party arrive at a large
excavation in the bank.
quantities of earth have been
Great
washed away by the action
of water conducted in
a race from the rapids for that
pur-
and masses of the rock have been
blasted longe and
thrown down. It is the
commencemeiit
pose;
of a carriage-
road to the ferry.
The
road
down the bank,
in Canada
was completed fourteen or fifteen
years ago, and this was
begun soon after. Very little
progress was made, and it
was soon discontinued. In
1836, was re-conmenced, un-
11*
>M
�JAUNT TO THE FALLP.
129
ii,
Sliip
Canal around
ilie l-'alls.
llatLil)un; and if his operader the QUspicGH of BLMijimiia
u close, it would soon have
tions had not been brongbt to
been completed.
required by
be regretted that a work so much
for the nccommodation of
the citizens of the country, and
bo permitted to linger along
the travelling public, ehoidd
the erection of a
from year to year. At an early day
to the ferry was Buffistairs to descend the bank
It J8 to
flight of
the ferry produces a large income,,
the river, both on
and thousands are anuually crossing
no description of stairs can
business and f.^r amusement,
convenient communication
give to the public that safe and
there is so much pasto be afforded, where
eient; but
now when
which ought
sing and re-passing.
I'.
wrong that
travellers
should
tedious stair cases.
obliged to descend long and
and in the Welland canal,
In the road down the bunk,
of American enterprise.
the Canadians have gone ahead
claims the excluThe very cuter-^rising gentleman who
road, has listened to public opinsive right of r.iaking this
promised that the work shall be immedi-
be
III
It is
still
ion,
and he
ately
lias
commenced upon, and continued
until
^
it
the
connect
But as to the great ship canal to
vcsgels have been counted
Forty American
is
comple-
two
at
lakes!
one time
Canada, waiting to pass thro'
lying in Port Dalhousie,
not the western states rouse to
Will
the Canadian canal.
Will they allow this
on this all-important subject ?
action
waters to reconnecting link between these mighty
in
great
fill
ill
main broken?
Or
shall the vessels of this
proud Republic
onerous regulations
longer contiime subject to the
dependency of Great Britain ?
Aud exactions of a distant
much
�JAUNT TO THE PALLS.
129
Indian Ladder.
When
down
the road
the bank
was
first
commenced,
an Irish laborer was employed on a projecting
rock, of
several tons weight.
Very unexpectedly, the rock gave
and both went down together.
way,
rock passed
down
first,
Fortunately, the
struck a heap of earth below, and
rolled
out of the way.
The man
earth,
and was to
injured that in a
resume
able to
his
little
fell
on the same heap of
few days he was
work.
THE INDIAN LADDER.
A
few rods
in the
bank.
the Falls:
further,
Here
is
and the guide points out a notch
the oldest place for descending to
called the Indian Ladder.
The ladder
consisted of a cedar tree, lying sloping against
the rocks.
The natural branches, and notches cut in the body of the
it
is
tree, were the only slight helps afforded
to those who
went down. The last person known to have descended,
was a hunter, by the name of Brooks. He was in
pur-
suit
of some game,
below.
and
fell
injured.
He
which he had
got about half
shot,
and had
way down, when he
between twenty and thirty
feet,
fallen
slipped,
and was badly
�JAUNT TO THE FALLS.
130
I'oiiil
View.
I'OINT VIEW.
— "I am on
Of the
srreat
Coes up
waters
•,
Point View, on
ilic
brink
and the
aiiiid tlie rainl)')W
Their chorus shakes
llie
jind their autiiealic
tlie
voice
mist,
ground."
American
side, not a neio position,
as the clear surface of the bank and well trod foot path
will
i|,i
|.
show, but one hardly nienlioned by any who have
written on this subject, was the spot from which Vander-
lyn sketched one of his great paintings of the Falls.
On
View, the spectator
the projecting rock at Point
stands and beholds the unrivalled prospect which
before
Two
him.
which he
hundred
looks, lies the
bounded on either
side
feet
calm
is
spread
below the rock from
ilark
waters of the river,
with rock and precipice; the ad-
joining shores crowned with native forest trees, and in the
distance
green
villages.
He
meadowi-i, blooming
orchards, and rising
looks at the great object of his gaze, with
sensations of reverence; the white sheets hanging in mid
air;
I*
the waters foaming, and hurrying from beneath those
i
that impend above;
cavern,
and
smoke over
The rocky
tall trees
the spray rushing up from the deep
rising in clouds,
which hang as a
pillar of
this sublime sanctuary of nature's mysteriefl.
base of Iris island, dividing the Falls, with
its
towering above the water; the Terrapin rocks
on the American
side,
and Table Rock, in Canada:—
�JAUNT TO THE FALLS.
The
Falls
altogether the scene
is,
spoken of by
131
olht-rs.
beyond conception, unique and
imposing.
It is thought,
J'allH
ore
by some, that the terms in which the
nnd usually described, arc too high
sitoken of
and exaggerated.
If the English and Scotch poets are
any criterion for descriptive expressions, (nnd
that they
are the true standard, all will allow,) so
far then from
being exaggerated, the terms applied to the
Falls are but
tame and feeble. Several of the authors alluded
to, have
afforded poetical de8crii)tions of v/aterfalls
in
Kingdom,
in
which
all
the United
the epithets of beauty and ;rran-
—
deur have been exhausted in the labored
delineation
descriptions so lofty as to leave nothing to add,
even when
applied to the Falls of Niagara.
Look at the objects as
nature presents them: a brook or mill-race, to
a mighty
jiver
a pond, to an ocean.
Indeed there is no term of
our language too high, or idea of our
imagination adequately comprehensive to describe this profound
—
and im-
pressive scene.
and
lost
The mind, awe-struck,
strife.
And it is not only
but the whole of that portion of
the Niagara river, from the
Navy
Lcwiston,
*l the
overwhelmfid
amid the elemental
so as regards the Falls,
below
is
is,
commencement of
the rapids
the eddying and heavy current at
without doubt, one of the most wonderful
Island,
to
works of nature, and allords scenes, with but few
more sublime and terrible than is exhibited in
exceptions,
any other land.
The
travellers having now completed their tour
to all
the most interesting points along
the bank, conclude to
return to the hotel.
�JAUNT TO THE FALLS.
132
Villiifrc
of Niagara Falls.
VILLAGE OF NIAGAKA FALLS.
"
JiCail
on
— to yonder village lead,
heaven
'SVIicre
AViio Hcnk, in
Jsucli
decreed
lias liappinCi-s
tlioye tlie blessings prize
For
'solitary
;
ease,
joys as innocently i)lcase,
Nor
\\i6h for other joys."
#;i
?
i
I
In 1805, Augustus Porter, Peter B. Porter, Benjamin
Barton, and Joseph Aiinin, Eaqrs. became, by purchase
of the State of
New- York,
the proprietors of a considera-
ble tract of land, lying immediately adjacent to the Falls
They laid out a village, which was called
Grand Niagara, but was soon changed to Manchester,
This name it retained for several years; but, as much in-
of Niagara.
convenience arose, from there being several others places
in the Slate of the same name, it was altered to Niagara
Falls,
village
".
In 1813, the
is the name of the post office.
was burnt by the enemy. After the war, the citi-
which
'^ene returned,
and
it
has very gradually increased, since
then, in buildings and inhabitants.
of the village
was
In 1836, the survey
greatly extended; the lands
became
in
made
at
great demand, and large sales could have been
enormous
!,<»!
prices;
and some
The water power,
lots
were
at this place,
some distant day must come largely
There is now one
turing purposes.
saw
mills, a
furnace,
sold.
is
in use, for
manufac-
large grist mill, two
woollen manufactory, a
and two machine shops.
unlimited; and at
trip
There
hammer
is
shop,
also,
two
�JAUNT TO THE FALLS.
133
VillagRofNiuir.Mru Falls.
blacksmiths' shops, two cabinet
makers' shop, one shop
manufacture of raihoad cars, four merchants'
shops;
for the
one public library, several splendid hotels,
and three other
two public schools, one classical Institute,
and one select school for young ladies;
eighty-five dwellings of nil kinds, and upwards
of seven hundred inhabipublic houses;
tants.
The
location is
rural beauty,
it is
commended
unexcelled.
for residences, for those
for its healthiness,
and
for
It affords the finest places
who wish
to combine elegance of
of any on the Niagara frontier.
Nature has done every thing; but as to the
village of the
scenery and salubrity of
air,
Falls, man has done but little.
Attached to some of the
houses are gardens, Iruit yards, and some
orchards; and
circling around are some beautiful
native groves; but no
pains are taken to remove rubbish,
open walks, or to add
to the
attractions of nature.
As to the width of the
streets, nice stone or brick side
walks, the banishment
of
each inhabitant on these subjects
maintains a sturdy independence worthy of
a better cause
and much to the annoyance of fastidious
mud and
nuieances,
travellers
who
have been used to dry and easy walking.
The bad condition of the streets is a serious
draw-back on the pleasure
of visitors
a great
who happen
pecuniary
at the Falls in moist weather,
and
loss to the
keepers of the hotels, and
business people of the place.
People will hurry away
when they have but the choice of two evils,
to be cooped
up in their rooms or to encounter wet
and mud. More
money
is
the public
way every year lost to the proprietors of
houses, and the villagers, than the
necessary
this
improvements would
them.
cost, if double the value
was paid
for
�;
JAUNT TO THE FALLS.
134
Hides of IMciisure.
RIDES OF PLEASURE.
By
•*
brook and river o'er the
Springing light
With
i)lain,
dances
tiic carriai^c
•,
crested neck and flowing mane,
Bold and (luick the gay horse prances;
There's glowing clieeks whose bcjioty smiles,
Cheerful hearts with joy rebounding
Love with
his bewitching wiles,
Far offmusic, sweetly sounding."
I
A
regular line
has been
of Omiribuees
and pleasure carriages
run every hour from
established at the Falls, to
eight o'clock, A.
M.
(dining hours excepted,)
till
sun-
down.
All the principal places of interest in the vicinity of the
Falls, too distant, and which it would be too fatiguing for
pedestrians to
visit,
are passed or brought into
view from
these carriages.
Tickets arc obtainable at
the
" Whirlpool Omnibus
Office"—
To
'*
the Mineral Spring,
the Whirlpool Lodge,
" the Devil's Hole,
«• Old Portage Road,
**
,£i-i-
The auth
r
closes this part of his
lowing charming
pos
ill
wm
lines,
— Mr. Hooker
the Falla.
•il
Fort SchloBser,
" Old French Landing,
He was
work with the
from Mr. Hooker's Album.
fol-
Apro-
should not be forgotten by visitors
the
first
person
who became
to
a guide
�JAi;x\T
TO THE FALLS.
Li II fs from an
slrnngore,
and ho has ever
h,B cnre „„<! eivility („ the
l„,lie8
engaged his
He
135
k\
Album.
,lia(,„g„i„l,ecl himself by
and gendcmen vho have
aorvicea.
haa g„i,l„l individual™
from
airaoat every nalinn on the
gl„l,o; Turka, Jewa,
Greeks
omnns, Kgyptiana and Chinese;
ex-kings, prinees, J.
Wemen; b.ahopa and prieala; l„on-focos
and
I
be
iwn tannys."
'<
less able
whiga; besides
IIo haa
grown
ohi, bul,
he
to aeiuit himaelf
aatisfaclorily to those
ploy him.
is
no, (he
who em
NIAGARA FALLS.
"
I
lovp to pnzc upon
tiiat
craseless rush
Of waters for it (fotii raise my full .soul
To Iliin wlio
the deep in wihl/iess flow
^Vho h -es the mighty flood from
rock to rock
And sends it dashinfr to (he dark ahyss,
;
l)i(i,s
;
.
Where it doth thunder forlli His //lorious
And sj)eak eternally Jehovali's j)rui,se.
Bcarce
And
I
less
I
sdv'ry
behold the
That how,
And
first
Who
'
might '
love to ?aze upon the circling
foajn
mist- for, on their milder front,
sweet how of promise, arched —
uJiich, \^•hen refnigent
on
his
eyes
was
'
sent to cheer his heart,
mourn'd the ruins of a world,-
to him
spoke of hope, and peace, and
future calm.
And, as awe struck, I gaze on
yonder flood,
It
All terrible in wild sublimity,
Trembling
I
turn away:
— then do I love
To fix my eyes on the bright pledge
of hope
And think that He who gave it to be
oura
Is not a God omnipotent
aloue.
But is a God of love — eternal
love."
'Niagara Falls,
3(1
Aug. 1835."
12
wjlf .-*'-•
�mMmmUdA.
M
im
m
�t
If
�""^StSf^i^'i^tM^
i
m
IRK
All
Or
There
i
and pccul
attracted
visit,
i
to 8
have an o
as
it
since,
a
or,
island,
i
]
an(
have giver
appropriate
!'iii|il!i|!i:iillil!i!'!|!!illiillr
|t^"^'^il®l:;Vv'^':r,.v''
-t';,'^
ted.
�A JA
UNT
10
AND OTHER
IRIS
THE
IN
ISLANDS,
VICINITY OF
NIAGARA FALLS.
" Say, shalJ
Alonp
Or
the streams
or walk
court the foresi glade ? "
There are several
?
islands,
and peculiar position
in
attracted the attention
and
we wind
tlie
siuilhig
mead 7
which, from their locality
reference
to
the
have
Falls,
curiosity of strangers;
and a
viBit, to some of
them, is never neglected by
those
have an opportunity.
The one most
interesting
or,
as
8.nce
island,
It
a
is
commonly
resident
at
called,
Goat
Island.
Schlosser, put
and hence the name.
is
Many
who
Iris
years
some goats on the
The present proprietors
of Iris island.
As that is very
proper that it should be
generally adop-
bave given
it
the
appropriate,
it
is
name
�fiBMiilfn-ir.ii'-f
JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
140
Iris Islaiul.
deg.
43 dog. G min. and longitude 2
between
and contnins
5 sec. west from Washington city;
Though the soil is an accumuBixty and seventy acres.
fertile,
of rocks, yet it is very
lation of earth upon a heap
It lies in latitude
m
producing
luxuriance.
take,
all
country in great
the native plants of the
whicn visitors usually
it,
A
circuit
about a mile.
is
round
the boundary commissioners,
By
Ghent, it was
appointed under the treaty of
belong to the United States;
very properly adjudged to
extinguished, it fell )nto the
and the Indian title being
Just at the upper end of the
who were
<i
I
•
hands of private individuals.
island,
commence the
terrific rapids
that lead on to the
main body passing
and the lesser on the northon the south-western side,
end of the ieland is like the main
Falls.
eastern.
There the
river divides; the
The lower
ehore below the Falls
'J*
enty to ninety
feet,
-a
and
perpendicular bank, from sevthence, to the water's edge, a
hundred to one hundred and
sloping precipice of from one
has been
small portion of the island
twenty feet.
cultivation; but the princleared off, and is in a state of
with native forest trees, of varicipal part is yet covered
of some of which, when
ous kinds: thro'igh the density
sun are
rich foliage, the rays of the
A
nm
covered with their
seldom admitted.
ii
lie
attention of the public
(s|
;
ii,i
.,
ilHMl.
will be
the island, occasion
In making the tour of
such other islands that
taken to mention and describe
have in any way drawn thQ
in the Niagara river, as
�^AUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
Jaunt
141
to the Island.
JAUNT TO THE ISLAND.
" Go
and shady bowers,
flow the wild cascades ;
Stroll through each green and deep recess,
And dark romantic glades.
to the cool
Where
Then,
on the mossy bank.
rest thee,
Or onward further stray.
And gaze upon the mighty
Tliat winds
The
its
party leave the
street, called
Bridge
hotel,
street.
with the guide, making
usually
interesting
commonly made.
answer
to
to
and turn down a short
They
Buch
into conversation
fall
inquiries
travellers,
The
stream,
course away."
of
him
and such
as are
as
information which follows,
are
is
in
such questions:
Besides seeing the Falls, travellers,
who remain
for
any
length of time, find various amusements.
The
Garden, comprising about one acre of
pleasure
ground, a few rods south of the Falls,
phce.
It affords a fine
view of the
is
Falls,
an
attractive
and the enter-
tainments offered by the proprietor are of a very superior
and especially his evening exhibitiors of fire-works.
order;
For variety and brilliancy they are unsurpassed.
For those who
ten-pin
alley.
exclusively
for
like in-door exercise, there is
There
the
is,
use
also,
in
the
of travellers,
a
ball or
village, got
several
up
billiard
tables.
There
is
a library; and at another place a reading-room;
but the locality
ment
itself,
in general, affords
abundant amuse-
for several days.
12*
.m^-^-^-M
�JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
142
AmiiscincnlH.
Some rcaorl to tho buths
Some amuse themselves in
nnd
in
hnlhe in the river.
olliers
:
fiehing
others in fowhng,
;
Some
seeking after <ho great bald eagb\
of tho
noblcat of the species have been found in this quarter;
specimens of which are
seum,
in
The
it
to
be seen at Mr. Burnet's mu-
Canada.
generality of travellers ride to those places which
has become fashionable to
river — the
up the
Old Fort Schlosser,
visit.
spring
mineral
the Tuscaroras Indian village —
Besides these, considerable
— the
Whirlpool
—
iuid Fort Niagara.
time
may be
spent
most
pleasantly in a trip to Canada.
On
Sunday, some
travellers go to church, in the vil-
lage; others go to the meeting-htuse of the Indians; some
ride to the places
mentioned; and some promenade round
the island and FalU\
The
party are descending a small declivity, towards the
bridge, ^o the ipland.
'I
(
Traveller.—
'*
majestic waves,
Indeed, this prospect
aiul curving
bounding
bridge lying at rest over
^
them
her might; and the art of
'1
is
man
!
Here
very grand; those
along,
is
and
that
nature, in
all
triumphing over obstacles
appearing almost insurmountable."
lsnI;*
'fm
THE BRIDGE TO THE ISLAND.
construction of this bridge appeared almost incre-
The
dible to
when
an individual who happened to be at this place
the
work was going
forward.
One
or
two of
the
�JAfJXT TO
THE ISLANDS.
Uri(l^-o lo
Piers only
were
He
laid d,»vvn.
the object of the bridge,
and
143
the Inland.
to
c.quirod of the w,)rkmen
where
'*
it was going.
To
the island," was the reply.
''
J don't want lo hvo
any
longer," said the stranger, '< than
until yon get this bridge
to the island."
He could not be convinced that its conel ruction was practicable.
It was built by first erecting
piers near the shore; long
timbers wore then projected beyond
thein.
After which,
two substantial posts or duds were let
down, and rested
on the bottom, at the end of the projecting
timbers, which
were firmly secured to them, and
a small
supported them, until
with stone?, was sunk.
Then the large
the piers were framed, put down,
and fastened
crib filled
timbers for
to the small crib.
They were then
filled
with stones,
the string pieces put on, and the planks
laid.
After one
pier and bent were completed in
this manner, the long
timbers were again moved forward,
and another, and
another, constructed, until the whole
were
finished.
The
were Judge Porter and his brother. Gen.
Porter,
who are the owners of the island. The original
projectors
cost of
the bridge
The
was only about sixteen hundred
first
bridge erected
built further
up the
river,
to
the island,
opposite
dollars.
in
1817, was
to the residence of
Judge Porter.
was
carried
The winter after its erection, in 1818, it
away by the ice, and in the following summer
a bridge was built on the present
island.
is
In 1839
more firm and
The
it
was
site,
passing to Bath
rebuilt; its present
construction
substantial than the
first.
erection of this bridge has universally
received the
commendation of travellers. It enables them,
with a trifling expense, to visit the island
with safety and conven-
�JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
144
Hcd
.Tiickel.
ience; on undertaking which, before,
was attended with
considerable expense, and some exposure to danger.
It
has thrown open to the piibhc view, one of the wonders
of the world, which, to the greatest propoKion of visitors,
could only be seen at a distance.
The income
of the bridge
is
considerable, but no
more
work. Too much
fair return for such a
cannot be bestowed upon the genius that suggested the
project, and so substantially executed it.
credit
than a
The
celebrated Indian Chief,
Red
Jacket, passed over
shortly after
the bridge with
one of the proprietors,
was completed.
His sinister feelings towards white men,
it
and his envy of
their superiority over his brothers of the
forest, arc well
known.
As
of hate,
envy,
gled
emotions
he walked along, the min-
and admiration,
which
rankled in his bosom, wore expressed every little while,
as he looked on the dashing waters, firm piers, and secure superstructure,
with
Yankee,"
''
Yankee," applying an epithet not proper
though
easily
than good
to
mention,
demonstrative more of spite
will.
Arriving
enter the
guessed, — one
*'
at
Bath
island, the travellers
toll- house,
ascend the bank,
and pay the charge of twenty-five
cents each; which gives the individual the privilege of
visiting the island during his stay at the Falls, or at any
time thereafter
v!l
for the current year.
�JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
145
litnh LsJuikI.
BATH ISLAND.
•Tlip isle
Sounds
A
traveller thus speaks of this
island:
curiosity
worth bcholdin^r.
be worth the
it
of noises,
and hurt not."
is full
tliat f^'ivc (]olij,'lit,
18
nlong,
which
c()j.^t
it
is fast
visit
"
this,
It is itself
alone,
of the bridge which leads to
a perfect chaos
beating
To
it.
a
would
Why-
How
the waters ru.h and roar
vainly against the impregnable
rock to
!
bound.
Those trees and green patches;
and firm roeka arc all in unison
with
Nature has charms here, amid the
the broken surface
each
other.
boister-
ous waters of the Niagara, that I
On the south side of the island
bclongmg
to
little
is
the Mos^rs. Porters.
imagined."
a pap^r manufactory,
one of the
It is
lar-
and best conducted in western NewYork, and
which paper is made with machinery,
gest
in
of the latest im-
provement.
The
passed out
through
eheet of paper,
The
rags
the
are
put in the engine, and are
one continuous
machinery, in
dry and finished for use.
islands observed just above
nnd Brig
islands.
A
foot
Bath island, are Sloop
bridge formerly extended to
them, and they were a favorite resort
of visitors in tho
afternoons of summer.
The shade of the trees,
the commotion of the surrounding
water, and the cool
warm
breeze that constantly agitates
the
air,
make them,
for
social parties,
a delightful retreat for an hour or two.
Having passed, with much admiration,
the bridge which
;i:
�AipBaiiwnrrr
JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
146
Aiiipriwui Flag placed in
spans the beautiful and
rai)id
along, between Bath and
llif*
Hapitis.
which courses
piece of water
Iris islands,
they arrive upon
the latter inland.
was
Before the bridge was built, Iris island
boats, running
the two
down between
To
In the severe
win1;-^r
by
currents, to the
strangers, the navigation
upper point of the island.
appeared very hazardous, and
visited
it
was not without danger.
of 182!), the great accumulation of
formed a communication from the main
shore to the island; and, though the bridges were then
pre"built, yet many persons, for curiosity and a ramble,
ice in the river,
ferred crossing over on the
In that winter,
ice.
adjacent islands were accessible, and were
persons; and the
rocks in
American
the middle
flog
of the
all
visited by
the
many
was planted on a ledge of
stream above Brig island.
There, surrounded by the dashing waves,
it
floated gal-
lantly during the succeeding aummcr, to the admiration
and wonder of strangers, of how it came there.
A DARING ENTERPRISE.
"
From a lioy,
wantoned with thy breakers
AVere a delight."
I
The most hardy and
— they to me
daring enterprise
known
of lafe
years to have been performed upon the rapids of the Niafrara. was undertaken bv Mr. Joel R. Robinson and Mr.
�JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
A
147
Slory.
John Smith.
There was observed to be in the
river behanging to the rocks, and waving
in the
water, something that had the
appearance of cotton cloth.
These persons got a boat, and
low Bath
island,
launched
near the paper mill floom.
boat,
and Smith
Robinson was
to secure the prize.
in
it
to
the river
manage
the
TI.ey succerded in
gomg very near the point, of the island
which lies to the
southwest of Bath island, and just
above the Falls.
They
secured two pieces of domestic
sher ngs, and returnod in
safety, Robmson having
managed the boat over the driving
and impetuous water in perfect
self-possession, and with
apparent ease.
Iris island had often
been visited both by the
French
and English, previous to the Americans
coming in possession.
The initials of names have been found
u^ion the
trees bearing a date as far back
as 1742.
In an old En'^hsh magazine, it is related, that
on a
time,
were, by accident, cast ou the
island.
of the bark of trees, and
passed
Thr
two Indians
v made ropes
down the lower bank to
the river, but being afraid to
enter in between the two
sheets ot water, returned.
An ingenious French blacksmith, belonging to a corps of
artificers, who were then
in
this quarter, seeing their
suffering
and perilous condition,
constructed a pair of stilts, by
which means he passed
over safely to them, carrying
them over supplies; and by
the same means finally
succeeded in getting them off.
The story is doubted, but it is not
altogether incredible,
borne years ago, the construction
of a bridge over the
roughest part of the river, to
the same place, would have
been considered more
impracticable than the performance
juat mentioned.
�mm
.vHOi
1
JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
148
The
On
ascending the
presented
arc
(Jrove
Btair-cnse
and
:
hill,
— Ho^'h Back.
from the bridge, three walks
one to the right, leading
to the
to the
Horse Shoe Fall; the one
Biddlo
in Ironi,
goes directly across the island; and the one to the
left,
passes near the edge of the bank, to the upper end.
The
party continue the jaunt, taking the road leading
It is the course usually taken.
to the Biddle stair-case.
On
advancing a short distance, they enter a lofty grove
of trees, through which the walk passes for some distance.
It is
one of those delicious places
done every thing, and
road
to
which
that passes tbrough
it,
for
art can
which nature has
add nothing.
accouii)lit<hcs all
Tho
that ever
should be done, nnd the sound of the axe should never bo
heard upon these trees,
to disturb
reigns around this spot, or to profane
to
the stillness
which
what nature seems
have consecrated.
As
the
road nears the lower end of the island, the
height of the bank, from the edge of the water, increases;
from which circumstance,
it
appears, this part of the
isl-
and has received the name of the Hog's Back. The name
is considered very inapplicable; but, as some travellers
have spoken of the Hog's Back, as being something peculiar,
to
it
has been thought proper thus succinctly to refer
it.
At
the northwest corner of the island there
is
a fine
prospect of the river, of Canada, and of the American
Falls, suitably so termed, aR they are entirely within the
United States.
The
actual boundary
is
in the centre of
the river, between the island and Canada, and must be
about the middle of the Horse Shoe Falls.
By some means
or other, the public have been led into a mistalce on this
�TO THE ISLANDS.
.TAITNT
149
Trosppct Ixland.
tbo Falls
»o
d
,« e.velu6,vcly i„ ,ho
State of Now- York, and
of the n,„i„ ehannol,
as it eonsti.utea the „„„
rnOSPECT ISLAND.
"Whore
Icfips
The
torrent in io wihl oaroer,
While sliake its l)arricr.s, as> in
From
Fa
the point of Iris
fear,"
i.lnnd, fronting
the
Americ«n
descends a path towards
P,ospect idond, sometimes
ca ed Mrs. Davis's
isia id. as, wh,!e she
was visiting the
l-alls, a foot bridge
was thrown o/er to it, and
on its
extreme point she planted a
few seeds of the
Is
everlasting
which were observed some years
afterwards in bloom
with their beautiful little
flowers hanging over the
side of
the bank, near the
Cave of the Winds. The bridge
pea,
this island, is
to
generally carried
replaced again in the
to
summer.
away
It is
in the winter,
worth crossing over,
ramble through the tangled
evergreens, to look
the hi^gh bank, and
enjoy the prospect
which
13
and
is
down
there dis-
�:|
AM XT TO THK IST.ANDS.
150
Iii),'r»lianiN
Cnvc.
IN GRAHAM S CAVE.
««
rocks ilislil, with coiiHlMnt Hpwh
waters lienwivc ihuuglits infuse.
Tlie gushiiiK
Here a viist iirrli, the cavity so wide,
The weeping
Scarce, can the oyc rvtciid
lliflli
o'er tlie roof
And sound in
This cave was
Esq.
who gave
it
from side lo side,
echoes wave,
iillernalc
distant tliunders, tlirough the cave."
first
the
;
discovered by .Joseph
name
of the
W.
In graham,
Cave of the Winds, one
dcany that can be u^cd; yet, the public,
to the amiable
award some meed of tb- .r esteem
as applicable as
sirous to
discoverer, have, in
many
instances, evinced a desire to
Ingraham's Cave. It was tirst
Mr. Berry Hill White,
entered by Mr. George Sims and
use his name, and
call it
They passed over the rooks, and
of Niagara Falls village.
It was, they alleged,
through a port of the sheet of water.
theii.pelvcs
and hazardous, but they acknowledged
and magnificent scene which
fully rewarded in thn new
Mr. Ingraham soon afterwards
the lofty cavern presented.
and a few
himself, and Horatio A. Parsons, Esq.
difficult
visited
it
It is represented to be
others, have since ventured in.
wide, about thirty feet
near one hundred and twenty feet
ov. r head
deep, and a noble arch hanging
in front.
high, and the sheet of water rolling
It is said to
Rock:
The
er's
it is
a
be quite
much
a;i
feet
adventure to go imder Table
greater one, to visit this cavern.
following beautiful lines are taken
Album:
eighty
from Mr. Hook-
�-
m'
JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
Tije
••
Dread awe-inspirinjf cavorri
AVild, wond-roiKs
None
1
«irikrs
my
houI like th.o
naiurc_:,.s
hidden
around
ol.je.l.s tli;,t
,.t
lir-r
'
view
I
Thou .cn'st
.u aio
!
if dr.-:..|i)i-r ,„
aiyslerir;..
!
'
new
'^fMnj? f|,n
!
he very porlal of Huhlm.iiy
And
The
expose
ini-nv tliroes-
Hath (hrovvn over thee a wi.ie
.pread, henuteou«
oven fro,n ,he nir-hnn.
M
wat.rs-
Their wonted
A,uJ dyed
,
it
tints fhro..irh„,u
!
What
More
shall
we
:
And
Or
call the
ht ih;u. las,
Ftrst oje'd thy
^ es
«
who
VVh.t
7
(irst
?,li.Hity
to
lid
scan
w „„d'ruig inun
Dene u w.ds thy viuilie.i arches
wiM shores the ru.lnu^ waters
thou have
7
sv.
eep
'
lave,
thiiidcr there terrific xi'jlU
He thon
forever
known
-
•
..a.ne ^ould'st
,hy depth
rocky doorn
eavr
hile
thy
veil.
..atched fro,u out
.lani.el f.ir this stronj,'
avail
with the lovelirst
en trin^'cd it with a rainlx.w
K
keep,—
as Inoraium's
A. H.
(kve
P., of
\
Georgia."
THE BIDDLE STAIE-CASE.
The
pnrfy, after (heir progress to
Prospect island, reand coi,' nue their route to the
Bddle
trace their steps,
stnir-cnsc.
This convenience, for deecendin;
the bank
was erected at the expense of
Nicholas Biddle, Esq.
\i
was a great desideratum to travellers,
to be enable to reach
of the island, to range niong over
the rocks, and
to advance near
the sheets of water.
The stairs are of the
spiral form, well secured
from the weather, and about
th's part
f
151
Ilid.iie ?<lnir-fase.
(
�JAINT TO
152
TilK ISLANDS.
llornc
(•(Ijrc
Fulls.
Near (ho fi>ot of those staira, at the
Sam. Patch, in 1H:J!), nimlc two lea^ a
bifih.
ftM-l
i'i<,'lily
f*\\ov.
of Iho wiitrr,
from n plnlform, iiinoty-acvcn feet hiuh, orccted for the
Sum. cnmc oil" with credit, lion"; hut shortly
p\ir|)o.sc.
ono
aflor, tlio poor foUow mmlo two lonprf nt Ilochostor,—
Tho
huiidroi] ajid twonly-livo foot.
(lid
not vmif ami
Aftor tho
was
fatal;
he
on each side as they dobired, and
thom
and resume
provod
have proceeded below, and gone, na
vvat(.'r
had pointed out to
Kiat
novor found.
travoliorti
near the slioots of
return,
ami tho othor of one
oiio hiuidroil foot,
from the hoi^ht of
all
tho ohjoota of interest, they
walk
thoir
alonj,'
tho
brow of the bank.
m^s
THE HORSE SHOE FALLS.
" TIiou
I
llnw do
m
And
till
tliy
my
terrors tour
rfoul
foiirfiil
me
I'roiu
with wonilor
slrcani
'.
niy myself,
!"'
This sublime prospect opens to view suddenly, between
'j
he rainbow, seen below, encompassing a
the trees,
obuul of pprcy,
coloring,
is
as the
as beautiful, with
same
oi)jecL
all its
mellow
tints of
appears after a summer's
ebowcr.
The rainbows
are seen according to the position of tho
spectator with that of the sun.
viewed from
Bide.
bow
,
sii
SHUI't
l.ii
1%
At
this side;
night,
when
in
the
encircles the Falls,
In the morning, they are
the afternoon from the British
moon
shines brightly, a lunar
with rays well defined, but pale
�jfAuxTjro
Tin: r.srA\i)s.
153
IVcispcci 'I'owor.
at the
,
lea^s
'o
for tbfi
shortly
r,
— one
r
«nd murky.
0„ ,„,„ ,„•,.„,, ,,,,, „,,,.,
congregnfe on the inlnn.!.
nn<l nuU
,o|.
to pervade every
bo.on..
sentiment of the jmet
—
,^
.,Mu.J^^Z
..t.ellv ^
;i ^"^
The mind
1
7
of one
iitiil;
How many
he
Ihy
at,
Tlie
cnr«,,(..rc.,l
they
woe on which
'
8e,„i„„,„|„li«i lingers around
this scene,
and
be bnnk.
scenes of
I
gono, na
reel,
.-.r.Ml.c
pureli;fht Ijeamctli !"
becomes wrapped
great F„l
s,
in
sad „„., „nwo„,ed
n.editations.
rhe lovely „,„„„
conr.ins
i.s
The
way throjh
M
act,
the sombre woods,
,bc deep n.yslcrious
s„lf, the
waters, all eon.bine
powerfully ,o affect the
mind
^o no,sy conviviali.y, no
boisterous mirtb prevails
at such
;;n.c. and ,»s.u.d
is beard e.eept
the de^^
™hmg
between
^inssing a
V
In the centre of the Hor.e
Shoe Fails, the wafer
"'"'
feerde,.r™
""''
''
'"'^'"'^'"''
'"
'"'
is
I
of
"""" '^^^'^
tints of
uimmer's
,
on of the
PROSPECT TOWER.
they are
le
British
y,
a lunar
but pale
Jtl^ K ."""'f
budl below the
op,
r.pm rocks.
From
'""'*"°"'
*'"
"" «''«"vafory on the
point of the island,
the observatory
is
among
the Ter-
presented a
full
m
�JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
154
Impressions of Visitors.
view
great
•^reat Falls, O'ld
into the very midst o
into the
chasm below.
It l)ul)l)lc3
up,
it
fiurgles fortu,
.1
and
hisses
it
roars,
pours
As when on nitfiiiK fire a stream of Rushing water
waves thunder
Wild sheets of foam shoot throu</h the air,
;
towards heaven,
As
forth from out the hlack abyss the
hiUowy
flood
ia
driven."
around,
timber and fragments that are scattered
The
by Gen. Whitney, a
are the remains of a bridge, built
It was on a
over the bank.
part of which projected
bridge, that it was usual
single projecting timber of this
and, at the extreme end,
for Francis Abbott to walk,
turn on his heel and walk back.
The Terrapin bridge should be
It afforded an
re-built.
chasm. And
unqualled prospect into the white and misty
ligiit bridge hanging over
to spectators at a distance, the
moving forms upon it,
the clouds and rainbow below; the
and anon
ourrounded by the flickering spray; now seen,
an impressive interest
hid from view, gave to the scene
deeply
felt
by every sentimental mind.
THE IMPRESSIONS OF VISITORS.
"
When nature's might some wond'rous
And awe-struck
man
the glorious
scene unfolds,
work
—
oeholds,
—
th' enrapt imagination
In silence fix'd
More than loud words, shows forth its admiration."
It is frequently inquired,
sions of visitors?
They
what are the usual
are various.
A
impies-
very few think
�JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
155
I'aiiiftil iiii|)rrs.sioii.
I>ghtly of ihc FnllB, or
oxprc.s .urpri«e that others
are so
absorbed n,Kl pleased with
them.
Sueh persons usually
remark, '^ Is this „Il7 I b,„ve
been deceived!" or the ciimax of their admiration is cxprosyed
in
—
"
Some
Oh
are so
ment, and
wli.-it
!
!i
place to sponge a coat :'
much moved,
visit
Ihem
as to form a lasting adaeh-
ofien,
even from great distances.
Others have been completely
iufatuated, and seem only
1o bye in beholding this
subli.ne
work of nature, and in
inhnhng the pure though
mist-imprognated atmosphere,
which arises from the broken
v/aters.
Some
look upon the Falls with
fl'elings of dread, and
the impressions they leave
on their minds, are those of
terror.
Many years since, when travelling,
n party at a public house.
come
I fell in with
Niagara Falls happened to be-
a topic of conversation.
who was
present,
"
I
'^
The
Falls," said a lady
saw them three months ago,
and
neither sleeping or waking, are
they out of my mind.
hear them roar, and see them
before me continually."
1
"Is their impression painful or pleasant ?"
I enqm'red.
" Oh, very painful and distressing
They are dread*
ful !" was her reply.
1
When
a party of Indians, from the far
west, were on
their return
way.
When
from Washington,
they were brought this
they saw the Falls, they evinced
emotions
of reverence, and cast their
pipes,
wampum, and
trinkets, in the water, as offerings
to the
of the place.
Many
several
Mighty
Spirit
gentlemen have expressed themselves
as expe-
li
P'fli
�JMMtiiii'.'
JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
156
•.mi
Winter
scciicM.
while
riencing very strange Bcnsations,
a perception ot weakness
Fear
Falls.
—
l)eholding
the
— trembling
of
sensations are those of
the nerves; but the predominant
reverence.
Traveller.—" Siu-h ecnsntionR are becoming the place;
rising cloud?, this rush of
for who can look upon the.^o
many waters, these walls of rolid rock, and this abyss
without reverencing Iliin who made them, and
of foam,
upholds them
still."
«i: 1
WINTER SCENERY.
»'
The
its
c;in ]);iint
Lisn iniagiiiiition boast,
Like nature?
Amid
Who
gay oreution,
liuc^i
like hers ?"
Falls, in winter, present a very different appear-
ance from that of any oUicr t^caaon of the year. Large
quantities of ice accumulate in the river below, which,
gradually
gathering
brought from
bridge.
in
the
eddies with
that
which
is
above, join together, and form a natural
This bridge of
iee extends, frequently, to within
n short distance of the sheet of water, hnd to the rapids,
two miles below. It is in places from twenty to forty
feet thick.
On
the rocks, such large quantities of
snow
�JAUNl TO THE
ISLAN- DS.
157
AVinter sfoiierv,
nml con^rcalcd nnst
nlrnost to the
collect, ns to form
pyramids, reaching
upper surface of the Falls.
On the perpen-
diculur banks are sKspcnded
fanciful shapes,
huge
icicles,
iMfeU
of the most
which are white
as alabaster, and appear
magnificent columns.
But the most
beautiful sight iB the spray
congealed upon the surrounJl-ng trees and shrubs.
Every branch is incrustcd. It
looks like a forest of coral,
but of dazzling whiteness.
Towards the close of the day, iii
winter, when tiie rays
oi the dcchiiing sun
passes through the rising cloud
of
inist, ,t appears as if
tinged with burnished gold, or
as
a bnghi flame of fire, floating
in mid air.
This, with the
trees, in their dress of
perfect whiteness, makes the
scene
a distance
at
like
80 novel, so strange,
that
a« one of ern-hnntment.
it
appears like fairy-work, or
Nothing
is
wanted but the
palace of Cat.nrine of Russia,
to make
winter paradise to the e.vc.
The
..ghted;
frost
to
every other sense,
and cold
-of
place for ancient
ice
like a perfect
eye only can be dethe very essence of
is
vaix>r and glittering
snow; a meet
winUr'a mint
who have
when the tree,
Travellers
say that
it
it
visited the Falls, in the
winter
are thus arrayed, the views
afforded are superior to those of
summer, .fust to look on,
for a short period, it is,
indeed, unequalled; but you
must
Boon hurry away to the warm
rooms of the
hotel.
lu
summer, you can ramble through
the groves, wh^re na-
turc
IS
clothed in her beautiful dre.s
of green; then, you
seem?- ''all nature smiles."
Noth-
pass from scene to
ing can compaie with the
beauty as well as gi-andcur
<^
while summer holds her
cheerful aiid iiapuy
this place
rcign.
.*
'11
iim
�«
JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
158
&!hriil)s
and PlautH
— InsectH.
SHRUBS AND PLANTS.
« F>UTimcr
!
doliclods
summer
Ihou dost
!
fling
earth
Thy unbouglit treasures o'er the glorious
Music iH in thy step, and m thine eye
Afloodofsunsliine!
On
thy
brow
is
wreathed
and in thy breath
GarhmdH
!"
Are all the perf.mics of Arabia
that wither not,
many plants found
has been reported, that there are
to the surrounding country.
island, not commoti
It
*
on
Iris
This
is
not correct; but there
iff,
certainly, in the small
of plants to be obspace of the island, a greater varicly
For this reason, many
tained, than at any other place.
visitors are in
the
practice of collecting
her])arium8 of
such as they fancy.
island, which
There is one peculiarity reputed of this
is
at
a desideratum vainly desired
many
places.
It
is,
or other insects, to anthat there are here no musketoes,
rcpoee of those who seek these seor interrupt the
noy
eluded bowers.
but, in support of the
This has been contradicted
resided for over twenty
assertion, an individual, who has
he hua
Falls, states that, during that time,
;
Ml.
!
years at the
nor been bit by one; and
not seen a dozen musketoes,
island, and never observed
that he has often visited the
an insect of this description on it.
The
path, by the side
party, in advancing along the
place where the walk is suddenly
come to a
of the river,
terminated by the caving
,1
fl
i
i
11
:
i
f
,
in of the
bank.
�JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
Vessels sent over the
159
P\ill.s.
The
river, at this spot, has
made advances on the
shore several hundred feet
and the road, which a few
years ago was made to
encircle the island, is here
for
some distance washed away.
The water is continuing
lis devastating power,
most forcibly.
large piece of
the island will soon lie
carried over the Falls, or a
new
channel will be formed, dividing
it in two.
;
A
VESSELS SENT OVER THE FALLS.
" Like thee,
full
man)- a
frallant
bark
on its faterl way
The wave, the jrulf, tJie cavern dark,
Ope' to receive tJieir prey,"
Ha.stes
;
The
«>l
party, being on a position
that
commanded a view
down Ihe river, and passing over the
some account of them is usually
requested.
The
the vessels going
i^alls,
schooner Michigan, an old
merchant vessel, of lake Erie
was dismantled, with the
exception of the masts, and
iiggmg enough to hold them up,
and sent over in September, 1827; and the Superior
was sent over in October, two years after.
Thoy were towed to the centre
of
he stream, between Navy
islan,]
mid Canada, and
loose.
The Michigan came
maje;.(ically
representing men, were placed
at proper
number of animals, both domestic
and
board.
let
along; figurcB,
stations,
and a
wild, were
on
�V
JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
160
Vessels pnssiMKovcr
llif
I-'iil! -.
destrucputting of nnimals on board, lor cerlnin
not generally approved;
tion, for mere nmuscmcnt, was
taken
it was eaid that none had been
extenuation,
The
but, in
would have been
but the useless and vicious, and euch as
for this purpose.
destroyed, if they had not been Beieclcd
and
the vessel floated, the river was smooth,
Onward
all was quiet on
board.
The
poor animals, having been
of the
tormented as they had passed through the hands
worn out, had laid themvicious and unfeeling, tired and
She arrived
rest.
selves on the deciw and in corners, to
at the
All
down
descending swell, and passed
first
was yet
pid descent;
in repose on board; she
was
came
gallantly.
to a
more
ra-
tossed to and fro, and the animals were
Bruin
another.
Been running about from one place to
amid the doomwas more actively engaged than others,
he took an observation from the rigging,
Still
which he ascended, and then returned to the deck.
ed
throng,
passed along. Anvery near the centre of the river she
her bow points tomade
other, and a greater pitch is
—
wards the Falls— she rocks from
side
to
side
— vainly
masts go by the
she labors to pass the rocky reef :— the
One deep descent more: she groans harshly over
board.
her bow descends, and with an astounding
the verge
in two— the timcrash, falls upon the rocks; she breaks
—
bers sink to the water's edge
— and
the whole moves on,
The
the Falls.
u doating, broken mass, and pass over
animals, reached alive the
•>ear, and one or two other
Canada shore, above the Falls: all 'he others perished.
toBetween fifteen and twenty thousand persons came
gether, to witness this sight.
The
large vessel, called the Superior,
which was
sent
�JAUNT TO THE ISLANUS.
over in 1829, did „ol
proccwi in its ^'^^^^^^TTiiZiZT'
in a„ch gan„„t «.,,e.
'
S„e ,„d,ed
t
„nl\l
mamed
(here for several day«,
„„d wont over u„
beerved
xcept by two or throe
person. I„
,U„ i„„„„„,
mals were put on board.
t"l'
-MOSS ISLAM).
"In
IjKiulili.l
Wasting
ii3
iviMness
ii
uUirls
auny
wcallli in lailljery spray."
The walk round the i«hu,d
passes near to the
beautiful
stream of water, which
ru„a on the north side
of
eland.
Th. stream is overhung and
enshrouded with
trees and evergreen
.hrubs, whose
mI
vered water as
leaves dip in
it
glides along.
In
ffae eil
it,
„„„„^, ,,,^f,: .
most ovely water-fall, in
rnuunUuo, and wh eh
Fralei!
A bott used as his shower bath.
The adjacent
»1
ed
Moss
spot
island
the°dT„TT;
as
^b
°'
,
on account of the mosly
and v Ive
"' """""• °" '^'^ '^^""'^ Abbott
be of rough materials,
with latticed windows,
moss and evergreen creeping
v
covered w,th
With the cottage,
w,th a draw attached to
if, that,
he dea,rcd to be
alone, he might be
socure
Ld
„ee.
when
from all
m
�TO THE
JATTNT
162
it
The
IRLANHF?.
HcrinilaKO.
a small and
and ho himself the master of
trnsion,
solitary
domain:
Recluse, and hid from every eye,
•'
Suvc
that of smiHn},'
additions
Such
heaven."
would have been quite an
curiosity.
great
and the hermit, himself, a
required
just the kind of man
to have been
romantic scenes.
these wild
*
ed,
I
On
attraction,
He
appears
to
animate
the subject, he observ-
On
some of the great estates
England, where
in
give a romantic interest to their
the proprietors seek to
is chosen, where
a forest or some retired glen
possessions,
a hermitage
is
erected,
and a
to play
man himd
the her-
estate, with his
the owner passes over his
his flowing beard, and dressed
friends, the hermit, with
receives them at the hermitage.
in antique costume,
When
mit
*' 1 desire to
would conclude, by saying,
the world.
voluntarily wish to retire from
mankind."
not to mingle with
He
islands lying
The
ble,
beyond Moss
is
driven
It
suits
me
island, are not accessi-
when the ice
water
around them, and dammed the
excepting in some
enow
live alone; I
severe winters,
and
oft;
have been visited by a few
this and the Canada
The httle island which lies between
above the water, is called Gull
shore, and which just rises
persons.
at such times they
i
f
island,
from the circumstance of
its
being the resort
species.
great numbers of birds, of that
There they
of
live
secure and unmolested by man.
to Canada,
Some years ago, a bridge frcm the island
to pass over Gull island,
gentlemen.
was a
favorite project
with some
�JAUNT TO THE
Navy
ISLAx\DS.
168
Islmid.
would bnvc been a great
undertaking; and,
It
if
pleted, a cunoeity not
loss interesting
than the fIiIs
Having arrived at the head
of
obstructed prospect of the
river
jects are ebcted by
the
the island, where an
unpresented, severa
b-
is
inquiries of travellers.
comprjsed
in the notices
which
com-
They
are
follow.
NAVY ISLAND.
"There
is
TJicre
in
There
is
By
I
the
a pleasure in the pathless
woods
a rapture on tlie lonely
shore
;
society,
where none intriuies,'
deep wave, an.hnusic in its
roar
love not
man
•
the less, but nature
more'."
This island contains three
hundred acres of land.
It
and he American shore.
Opposite to Navy i.land,
Street's point, in
Canada. It was once a
ttavy yard
the B i,,h, and late
the residence of Captain
one of the persons
concerned in the Caroline
affair, and
Who was assassinated in
December,
that
iB
Us^
1838.
THE LOW FAMILY.
"
Ah
!
never shall Uie land forget
How gushed the Iife-h]oo<i
tiushed,
Upon
MgeJ
to
of her brave
with hope and valor
yet,
the soil they fought to
save.'
warm
belong to the Britisb,
Mr. John
-
Low made some
�'
JAIINT TO
164
THK ISLANDS.
iiUMiienaiit
Low,
He
.u, the eastern end.
impruvemenls, and built a house
They were A"-''^""";''/
fnn,ily.
resided there with hi»
eharacter
of very respeetab e
birth and in principle, and
they lell the
When the war broke out,
and eonnexicms.
resideuee on the '™""'"'";
island, and took up their
unfortunate
of ^iurenston, ho
Bloody Hum. At the battle
old Mr. Low F-^'^'y
to the Ameriean arn.s,
"^
™
"fthus
Whde
eonduct the boat.
as one of
soon after
wounded, and died
employed, he was fatally
had
of his father's death,
His son, John, at the tin.e
the eounty of
praetiee of the law, in
just engaged in the
pract e
prospeet of a lucrafve
Niagara; but gave up the
the
lieutenancy
country, and accepted a
"l",^
the pilots, to
1
m
to serve his
the
the year 1813, when
the disastrous clo.o of
N,and seltlen^cnts on the
destruction of all the vUlages
the
the combined forces of
"Tn
„„„ra river
?n^sh
ler,
of
since,
was
effected
by
was at old Fort Bchlos
and Indians, Lieut. Low
was then, an'"^which, however, there
nothing
remaining but the name.
The
^^^^
British
overwhelming.
along the border, was
waited the approach o
with a few men,
force that scoured
The
lieutenant,
could.
made such resistance as thoy
flight.
by
and his men saved themselves
He
the enemy, and
was
shot,
f
secured the
^ °°''.
v'-f-.
Ifter the soldiery had
the hall f
laying it on a table in
the body of Low, and
fire.
house, set the budding on
the aneLt Schlosser
place, were conhouses in the
This, and all the other
Thtother, by
over, entered
31!
lyw
1
fl"
1m
hI
H
^Hi
1'
1
11 -4
'1^^
'^
'
A\
'''
iii
the
the
name
when the war was
academy, at West Point-
of Vincent,
military
�\Whf
J
'
T TO THK ISLANDS.
VV'illiain
About a y.
„,„„, o„ ,h„
ine cannon
4,
Wp«t Pr
We8tP(>
*
»t
b.
165
(Jhamhers.
„„.„,,„,
nnd ho wn-
rf^np
„ salute,
•
h\}
"lonumcnt
V
I
records (he melnnclu)ly
Qt
,
nU
WILLIAM CHAMBERS.
"
No
But
voice comes to
tJic
fiiin oVr the x
nf waves
wild dusJ.ing of the uiircIeniHig
surge '"
In the nccountfl of the
of Navy Island, an
old
mentioned as being the o.dy
inhabitant when
-"• She was the widow
of W-ll"" l,r\'°°^
Wdham Chambers, an indivichial among
the
woman
nfTair
,8
J^—
early set-
lers of the
country, of sotne notoriety.
those persons often found
upon the
He was
frontier
t.ons;
m
m
sometimes living
in one,
and
at
one of
of two
na
another time living
the other; taking a part
equally with citizens or
subjects
political affairs, and entering
with interest
in matters
nnd thmgs incident to the
nation in which he
happened
to bo.
Tn Canada, a most loyal
subject; in the United
States, most vociferous in
the support of the
dominant
party.
At
the
commencement
of the war with
England, he
the United States, a few
miles in the rear of
Fort Niagara.
At one period, he was suspected
of carresided
m
rymg on a correspondence with
dence
appeared
against
him.
the British, but no
evi-
When, however
country was overrun by the
enemy, he remained at
14*
the
home
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fjki
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Corporation
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23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) 872-4503
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�JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
166
ill,
*
Wininm Chambers.
period,
unmolested; and he and a few others, nftcr that
at Fort Niagara.
kept up a communication with (bem,
with
not generally believed that his intercourse
was
them was of a criminal
It
wry
pasr^ed as a
he
character.
easy, obliging
With
his neighbors,
man, designing
evil
no one.
to
one of the pioneers of Niagara county, and a
He was
He was among the first that
genuine leather-Btocking.
Eighteen-mile
opened the woods on the bike ebore, at
tVcciuently sell out, as is usual with
Creek. He would
on
his
and realizing a small profit
would pay oft' bis debts and commence
of his description,
persons
labor,
anew.
His
last residence
was
diction of Canada:
trapping, and fishing.
ands in the
at
Navy
island,
under the
his principal occupation
river,
Grand
island,
juris-
was bunting,
and the other
abounded with game.
isl-
The muskrat
numerous,
was the chief object of pursuit, being the most
beet return: coons were also plenty
and affording the
The
meat was acceptable, and the skins sold readily.
—
the
mink, the
furs.
and
fox,
and the
otter, afforded
him more
valuable
bear,
these, he occasionally added the deer, the
To
wolf.
He had
one
arrived to near eixty years of age, when,
very stormy night,
another
person
in lbs
came
month
of December,
to a farm house, near the
he and
river,
said they had
They
about seven miles above the Falls.
whiskey,
river, and had purchased a barrel of
been up the
They staid an
in the canoe.
which they had with them
They were advised
hour, and at nine o'clock, departed.
the darknnes of the
io remain: the Geverity of the storm,
�fH
JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
Expedition
to
Nuvy
167
Island.
night, and the danger of
the river, were urged
them; but Chambers was confident
in his ability
to
over the bay."
upon
'<get
They lauched their frail canoe in
the
moment only, after leaving the shore,
rapid stream: fbr a
they were distinguishable
- they
driving tempest; ana
or
They went
of.
men
were then lost in the
canoe were never more heard
over the Falls.
THE EXPEDITION TO NAVY ISLAND, AND
THE
STEAMBOAT CAROLINE.
" Nipht's blessed
spell hath now
Lulled every sound of crirth in slinnl;er
deep.
The sad heurt hulli awliiie forgot its
woe —
The weary frame
Brings not
its
its toil
;
Init
such sweet sleep
halni to soothe this fevered brain
and b row."
About the middle of the month of
December, 1837,
men, principally Canadians, with Rens-
twenty-eight
Belaer
Van
Rensselaer, and
one
went on Navy
he and
of Canada, and
river
island.
all
They
William
called to
L^
n
Mackenzie,
them the
patriots
others the friends of that cause.
In
the space of three weeks, between
three and four hundred responded to the call; some from
the United States,
and some from Canada. They brought
with them arms
and provisions.
They staid on the island for one month,
and then, at their own choice, left it,
and not in fear of
their opponents.
Opposite to them, were assembled five
�hr-
JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
168
ii.
If-
Steuinboat Caroline.
incorpothousand men, consisting of British regulars,
BatIndians and Negroes.
rated militia, and a body of
teries
were erected, and
balls
and
shells
were
at intervals
upon the island. The islanders were
would, at times,
a state of danger and alarm; yet they
For a month, a raw, undisfire.
provokingly return the
band of men, in the severity of winter, with no
incessantly in
cast
ciplined
and miserably
shelter but such as they then constructed,
clad,
force,
set
defiance
at
which
and laughed
at
the overwhelming
them, that they frequently
justice be done to them; and,
Let
lay so near
conversed together.
to
differently
however, by contending parties they may be
the praise of
esteemed, there must be awarded to them
i5
fellows as ever
being as enduring and as brave a set of
They left the island because the
assembled together.
and in acUnited States would not countenance them,
citizens, who incordance with the wishes of American
An expression of one
effect their dispersion.
terposed to
of the leaders, before leaving,
enemies, but
Theie
is
my
was—"
I
fear not
my
r
friends."
island
an occurrence connected with the Navy
affair, painful to relate.
The
the 29th
steamboat Caroline came from Buffalo, on
of December,
Schlosser and
it
was
Navy
said, to ply as a ferry-boat
inland.
It passed,
between
that day,
forth
was brought
and back several times, and before sun-down
for the night.
moored
to at the wharf, at Schlosser, and
tavern.
At that place, there was but one house, and that a
British,
The warlike movements between the patriots and
had drawn to the
a great number of
through motives of curiosity,
The tavern was crowded
persons.
frontier,
—
%ii!fr^
�r
island
�lodgir
servir
hoard
the
V
kept,
but
b(
riiGhc(
crying
No
ar
pectet
uninji
woiin(
U
f
twelv<
if
t
t^'^
i\
Ihe bo
the
fl
shone
On
th
burnin
expedi
boomii
of thog
The
vod on
ecene
Iris
ieli
and
el]
the GUI
In
j
accoun
8tructi(
�JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
Beacon
lodgings could not be
Liehi.
obtained— and
serving the steamboat,
169
sought
for
severnl persons, ob-
accommodations on
and were
board,
received.
In the middle of the night,
watch, for a watch on board steamboats is usually
kept, saw something advancing on the water.
He hailed,
but before he could give the alarm, a body of
the
armed men
ruGhed on board, ehot at the sentinel, and all they
met,
crying
'< Cut
them down!"
''Give no quarters!"
—
No arms were
on board of the boat;
pected; and no resistance
no attack was ex-
was made.
Some got on shore
were severely cut and dangerously
wounded. One man was shot dead on the wharf, and
twelve were missing, either killed, or burnt and sunk
with
uninjured;
others
Ihe boat.
They towed
the boat out in the river, and set
the flames burst forth;
it
drifted slowly,
and
it
on
its
fire;
blaze
shone
On
far and wide over the water and adjacent
shores.
the Canada side, at a distance above Chippewa,
was
burning a large
expedition.
light, as a signal to those engaged in
the
In a short time, an astounding shout came
booming over the water: it was for the success and
return
who had performed this deed.
of those
The
beacon was extinguished.
ved on, and cast
its lurid light far
The
and
Caroline
still
mo-
H.
wia.^, clothing the
scene in gloom and horror; and just below
the point of
Iris island, suddenly disappeared.
Many of the wrecked
and charred remains were, the next morning,
floating in
the current and eddies below the Falls.
ll
i
iw^'
In justice to both
sides, it
difl'erent
fli
f
iSIsc*
accounts of the
i
should be stated, that the
parties connected with the de-
struction of the Caroline, differ entirely
from each other,
u
si
u
I'ffii
'
�JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
170
Grunil Inland.
made by
as to the character of <hc vessel, the resistance
the persons on board, the
politicians of the
he has adopted,
and
killed,
These the author leaves
other particulars.
by the
number
is
two
in various
to be settled
The account which
nations.
the one most strongly impressed upon
the American public.
OWANUNGA, OR GRAND ISLAND.
" Here, lofty trees, to ancient song unknown,
The
noble sons of potent heat and floods,"
This island
seven wide.
is
twelve miles long, and between six and
It lies
mid-wny between the Falls and Lake
and contains seventeen thousand acres of land. It
principally covered with large and valuable timber, and
Erie,
is
the
soil is rich
and productive.
In 1816 and '17, a number of persons, from the United
States and Canada, went on this island.
They marked
out the boundaries of their different possessions; elected
magistrates, and other officers, from
among
and gave out that they were amenable
ment, but an independent community.
tion of boundary
was
passed a law to drive
till
the severe measure
houses, which
county.
settled,
the
themselves;
to neither
govern-
After the ques-
State
of
New- York
them off; but that was not effected
was resorted to, of destroying their
was done by tie
sheriff
and posse of Erie
�n
JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
171
Burnt Hhip Creek.
Grand
,riand was selected by
Major N„.h, of NewYork, on which to build
a city, and establish a
colony of
Jews, w.th .he view of
making it the Ararat or
eating
hat thcr government
would bo organized, and
thenee the
awe would emanate which
were again to bring together
he children of
and re-establish them as
a na^on of
the earth.
The European Rabbi did not
sane on the
scheme, and .t vanished
as a day-dr,am of
the learned
«oniea
and worthy projector.
Wl,
A
company, from Boston, have
since become the
propnetors; and the great
improvements they have
mad^'
evmce a noble spirit of enterprise.
BUCK HORN ISLAND.
At
the north-eastern point
of
hundred and
Mudget
fifty .eres.
It
Grand
island, lies
Buck-
was occupied first by David
American Revolution
a veteran otficer of the
flS^rhrrrover"™"""'
'"*'
"-"^'-'-^^P-ion,
Burnt Ship Creek
.sand
lies between
Buek-Homand Grand
In 1759, the French, in
preference of
their
^
lus place.
The.r remains are yet
observable, and con«derable iron has been
obtained from them; and,
not long
�JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
172
Fort Schlosser.
to
since, Borac timber, suflicicntly firm
ing canes.
Two miles from the
landing,
Tlirec
Cayuga
is
Corner's
work
into walk-
and near the steamboat
Falls,
island.
miles further, and opposite
Cayuga
creek,
is
island.
Six miles further, and opposite Tonawanda, is Tonawanda island. Between that and Lake Eric, there are
several others, of greater or less magnitude.
The next object to which the attention of the traveller
is
directed,
Porter's storehouse, or the steamboat land-
is
the end of ship navigation, on the American
It
ing.
point for the
side of the Niagara, and is the proposed
canal, around the Falls;
commencement of the great ship
is
a work which the extensive and
the upper lakes are requiring, and
p»>pul()us
countries on
will urge forward until
accomplished.
At
this
place, the pcrsorB going
expedition, embarked; and
Caroline lay,
when
she
it
ie
waa cut
on the Navy
island
there that the steamboat
out.
remains ol
Nearly a mile below the landing, are the
The name is derived from the Gerold Fort Schlosser.
man, and means
built upon banks
castle.
It
was
anciently a stockade,
slightly raised above the plain.
From
appears that there were two
each other, and of similar construction.
contiguous
before
In a historical memorandum and map, in 1755,
the remains,
fortifications
it
to
the
"
country was subdued by the British,
Store House"
field,
over.
only.
The
site is
it
now a
is
marked
cultivated
and the grounds have been frequently ploughed
�JAUNT TO THE ISLANDS.
Jaunt
173
coiicJiKjfd,
Tl,c parly move on,
and posa tho house
whTiTiwia
Ahbou W.o,„o .in,e re«„K
a„.l ,u,,
pW„
„t „
enrlh
I
been
1,„,
exe«v«le,l.
ke e,„„a have been dug up.
iiintter
The
vvhore
'
of conjecture.
enclosure, which
,n
fruits are
is
aeon at the
the aenson of llowerB
kept for
X"
Here, several human
How ,hey e«„,e there,""
and
left, is
fruits,
a garden
boquets and
g«]o.
From every
part of the upper end of
the islnnd, a Hnc
View 18 presented of the
village of Niagara
Falls, and
'
intervening rnijjds.
The residence of Judge PoKer
is much admired.
It
stands on rising ground
overlooking the river and
rapids.
The Judge is a gc>ntleman of
much industry, and of dislingiushed talent..
He and his brother, General
Porter
purchased mn.iy years ago, of
the Slate of NewYork a
large tract of land around
the Falls, of which
they are
etill the princii)ul
proprietors.
Gen. Whilney'. place
the island.
JJo
is aleo
wa. among
the
seen advantageously
from
liist
inhahilaiits, and has
proved himself a pioneer worthy
of all praise.
Enterpri
^ing in a most eminent
degree, doing at all times
all that
industry aiid his means could
afford in making
ments around the Fall., and ori
his own
accommodation of visitors -lirst
improve
pi-emises, for the
putting ladders
the bank,
in
and then
a
building bridges, platforms,
and
enccs.
round the island
is
down
stair-case; establishir.g
a ferry
ended.
many
and
other conveni-
�v
in
woiiKI
Niago
than
one,
1
bo fan
called
that p
and
th
�A
JAUNT
TO THK
WHIRLPOOL, DEVIL'S HOLE,
TUSr\RORA INDIAN
VIJ.LGE,
AND
l-'ORT NI
AG All A.
THE WHIRLPOOL.
"AW.
TlK- hoarse and
(irowH w
Tpou
If the
irrrMiIy tJioy rape!
ra|)i(l \vliirlp(..i|'ri ilirrc
my
senses wander, as
the Iiurrying wuter."
il.l
:
1
My
|,rain
I .raz-
FoIl« of Ninjrara
did not exist, the
Whirlpool
would be the most diatiniruiyhcd
curiosity aObrded by the
Njagam river and, in the estimation
of many, greater
than any of present notoriety
in our country.
Every
one, brought up in or
near the city of New York,
mur*
be famdiar with the
far-famed and much dreaded
strait
called Hurl-Gate,
formerly Ilell-Cxate.
The horrors of
hat place are well know
i to all
youthful imaginations,
and the dread of the
"frying-pan and pot" can hardl^
;
�JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
178
rr<MiiiiiiK>ry notice
eradicnl'd
be
Niagara,
pool of
mature obeervalion. But ptiRS
wikl ami rnehing Whirl-
by more
once from the East river
and
to the
the
imaginary
terrors
of Hurl-
the strait will
on your return,
will pass away
appear placid, or only seem agitated as with a summer's
Gate
:
breeze.
m^
the great Maelstrom Whirlpool, of Norway, is
none have
dangerous tlian that of Niagara
Even
more
not
;
passed the vortex of either,
For the
nor fathomed their depths.
satisfaction of those wlio
visit
Ihe
Whirlpool of
Niagara, a short description of the Maelstrom
'
in this
work.
It is
inserted
is
from the pen of an American gentleto
man, who visited the place he describes. If travellers
all the
the American Whirlpool would wish to experience
sensations of danger and peril which come over those
who passed the disk of the Maelstrom, they have but
to launch a boat on the Niagara,
and atltnipt an excur-
examining more closely the whirling waters.
feel
In so doing, they will truly peril their lives, and
sion,
for
sensations of
terror,
their
to
hearta
make buoyant
waves of Niagara will
infuse courage, more than
who
ifi,
ride over
contc'-t
their
;
or the
bodies, and
natural, in the hearts of those
them.
i
OLD PORTAGP] ROAD.
" Rent me, Oh bear me to scipicster'd sccncg,
The bow'ry mazes, ami surrounding greens."'
The
J3iie
or
party at the Falls having taken seats in the omnihavinf cnf'Qp'ed a barouche or carriage, are on
�JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
I79
tind Pierce.
"'"
""' ^"'"=""" "f "- Lowiaton
road w h ,h '^with the Nragam I"
Falls and SchlosBcr
roads
In
™"
'"'
^-^ «" Sroat ,h„™.,„„hfar; be"
tween the lower and
upper lakes.
When all the enrround,„g country was
wild and solitary,
unimproved
and u„.„h„bited exeept by
ZZ^ri
the natives of
Thl works"I
I have
These
greatly
°*
'
..
1
!
canal opened a
Pri.
Ene
IL
fore
"tW:
changed;
new communieation, and
the
E™
the
Wei-
/"' """"'"'' '''''™
^"d Ontario.
drawn the business from
the Portag^
road, and now, although
the country through
which It
. .^proved and productive, it .s far more
lonely
tban it was
former
passes
m
days.
GAD PIERCE, ESQ.
"
Who does the
Does well.-acts nobly
utmost that he can
angels conld no more."
;
At
the junction ofthe Portage
with the Niagara Falls
some years since, kept the
public house of
Gad Pierce. He was, in the
time of the war with
Great
iintam, an active frontier
partizan.
road, was,
commenced bet..en the two
small number o^ tr^-r"
""
li*
When
countries, there
-^i,
a
American
hostihties
was
^Z
side of
^
the
�: ;
I
JAUNT TO THE WHIRLrOOL.
180
A cavalcailc — An
river,
gara.
u
altack.
Fort Niaand a single company only to garrison
the fort would
It was expected, every night, that
large body of men
be attacked by the British, who had a
aware of this state of things,
Mr. Fierce,
at Fort George.
one day raised
all
the inhabitants of the
near,— young and
old.
country, far and
The country was then
thinly
Lewiston from several
populated, and they assembled at
every kind were brought into
Horses of
miles distant.
when the citizens were mounted, they
requie'tion,
and
troop of cavalry.
appeared at a distance like a formidable
Indithem, too, were several of the Tuscarora
Among
ans,
the
entered with spirit into the manoeuvre. In
used walking canes, sticks, and
swords, they
who
place of
ramrods.
or iron,
.*.
J
The
steel
Several of the ramrods were of polished
flashy appearance.
made a very bright and
which
moved from Lewiston, along
cavalcade
road, in sight of the
the
river
enemy, and entered Fort Niagara
in the wind, and
the blankets of the Indians lluttcring
habiliments of the farmers
the many-colored and various
;
the limping and
gait
ovcr-straincd plough horse; the nibbling
and twitching head of the wild pony
;
breed
then a noble horse of the Pennsylvania
to those
who
now
with
;
and
formed,
were near, a most ludicrous spectacle.
In
performed some slight
the fort, they dismounted, and
At the command
evolutions in the most laughable style.
in
mount, some of the Indians executed the order
entirely
such a masterly manner, as to throw themselves
British, the imposing appearTo the
over their ponies.
to
glitance of the troops, with their steel ramrods, which
effect
tered in the sun like broedswords, had the desired
the contemplated attack was not made.
�JAUXT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
iNriiieral
181
Spring.
At the time of tho general invasion of the
frontier, Mr.
^
Pierce had hiB family conveyed to
a place of security, but
would not himself quit his premises.
He, and three or
four others, formed the little
garrison, with
which he
determined to defend his honee.
They
approach of the enemy. At length,
waited
for
the
company of British
and n fire was opened upon
i^
a
regulars appeared in
them.
sight,
They
continued the defence for some time
but,
;
as their opponents were
numerous, it was impossible
to keep them at a distance.
part advanced upon the
front of the house, succeeded
in breaking down the door,
A
and
fired
their pieces as they entered.
The defenders
effected their escape in an
opposite direction, without an
individual of their uumber being
wounded.
Whether
the attacking party suffered any loss,
was not known.
i>'
iMINERAL SPRING.
Two m,les from the Falls, a small open
building,
painted white, with Grecian columns,
is j^ointed out by
the guide, as one of the works
of Benjamin llathbun.
It stands between the road
and the river, and is placed
over a mineral spring.
The spring is sulphurous, and
the water, it is said, very
much resembles that of Harrowgate, in England. In rheumatic
and scrofulous
many
other diseases,
several cases: and
.}
it
has been
and
used to advantage, in
it nnlu * 4 '^^ ^'.
L ^.iij rnnii.r-^'^ .^-^
'^
o "c^;cBoaiy
;^
o— improvement;
,
nil.
:.
!
�JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
182
Drscription
hathfl,
Wliirlpool,
ot'llir
and other acconiinodnl ions, and
celebrity
and favor with the
it
will
Bt)()n
Tiic situation, too,
puhlic.
very pleawint, and a distant view of the Falls
is
from the road
— the view which
admired, and which
UmW
Capl.
so vividly,
ohtnin
is
obtained
much
][m11 so
he says, reninijied iixed
must he awarded
the credit of liavin<f a very sound judgment in making his
lie selected the most choice and valuable
purchases,
upon
Afler
his mind.
situations
and, had
;
it
Knllihiin
1o
all,
not been for his unfortunate aber-
ration from Ihc path of rectitude, his high expectations,
would have been
as to value,
realized.
4
i!
THE WHIRLPOOL.
"
IiiiajriiiiUion,
hanied, strives in vain
The wildest 8lrciuns tliat ever poctH
Tiicrc is no
Thou (lost transcend
!
To
wonders
paint the
that
around
This grand and beautiful scene
Falls of
and lour
Niagara,
is
miles
!
foifin,
i)o\ver in
song
nie tlirong !"
three miles from the
from
the
village of
Lewiston.
Sttmding on the right bank of the Niagara, two hunfifty feet above the river, you behold at a dis-
dred and
tance the advancing waters
agitated,
rushing,
they hurry on.
tic,
solitary,
formation,
i
<'
\i
and
floats
;
not mild and gentle, but
and roaring,
They come,
alone.
No
with
deafening sound,
in all their
vessel,
or
on the raging torrent
:
power majeswork of man's
;
nothing of
life
�^AUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
of Vcssols.
Fr.'HriiiriiiH
rules ovor
bn
roMom
the
misLcrowned
ionoly
lcB«.
'""
nn.l
n,y«tenonH
TI.Ih
Ihoy rn.:o,
man ran only
reverence
hollow ot
«till
in
th.ir
b.>hoid
that
]n"s
forward,
lood
;
and
monunt
:
an
inst
r.t,
i.
wave
in
all
,|,.t
Rwifdy
alone,-
ever
for
•
enrotions of awe'
-who weighs the
water, of the ocean in
the
after
Jf
it
wave, rushes the
l!oa,H
therein,
an object
;
in
i«
resist-
podcd,
h.held,
dis-
it is
hut
pa.srs the hollow of the
crested
feathery nn'^t-and then,
again,
,:li„,,.d I.elow.
mm>e,.,ed IVon, si^ht
»>e Rtill
solitudo,
thorn with
hand."
waves-risesann-dtho
in
on
n,ore
is
Ahni.l.fy Pown-
H.en.hend and cr.^hrd.
/-r a
ii„ocl
tlmn
nllH.n ahalnn<.e,ancl hold,
lo.s
u„«calh.;l
cornparafivc
J.n.
tlie
flcntn
mi.hfy
tlusolitary oronn.
Man
scrurily over tho vasty
doep
on these vvalorH, livi,,., I,c
n.oves not : he is power'
}'»««"«
>"t,
wavon, or
billovvH.
Willi
183
and,
more wrecked and
if
It
i(,
remains
for
some
a.ain appear.,
it
tin.e
will
hrokeii.
The
river widens, opposite the
spectator; and, on the
(nnada.Hle, a counter cnrront, equal
to the main channel, rusher, up the Rtream.
lariie basin of warrin..
water
IS presented to the
eye of th(. enraptured
A
beholder.
sees the great Niagara,
pouring therein
waters of a thousand rivers
and lakes,
irresistable inij)etiioHity,
against the
•In; and the counter
m
Ho
accumulated
and driving, with
rocky shore of Cana-
current, with equal power,
passing
an opposite direction.
observes,
the
With absorbing
interest,
he
between the contending currents,
the deep entrnlh:,!; eddfes, and
the yawning whirlpool.
There ho
sees huge masses of timber,
dismembered trees, the fracrments of vessels and water craft,
the wrecks of ail timt
^1
�THE WHIRLPOOL.
JATINT TO
184
Now
view.
If'
calamctB ..l" the river nhc.vc.
bnH paBsed the Falls or lLi(3
approach the
They go roun.l, and round they gradually
f^wallowed up
then they am drawn in, and are
centre
After a while, at a
sln^ani.
in the deep vorlex of the
rethey arc propelled upward, and again
;
;
distant point,
and again arc drawn helow. Someupwards with bo nmeh
times trees, and logs, are cjocled
feet perpendicularly
violence, as to raise one end several
Whirlpool, have
above the water. 01)i('ct8 drawn in the
weeks.
been knowu to remain there for several
water lies below the spectator
The wliole exijansc of
openseems to take in the whole scene; and no
new
4:1
tueir
circuit,
;
4
'his
eye
constantly increasing Hood,
ing or outlet for this vast and
Sometimes, travellers, who, in past years,
is observed
disappointed.
place without a guide, returned
visited this
They
did not see the Whirlpool
,
but, mistaking a
rapid
appearance,
portwn of the Niagara, something similar in
of the magquarter of a mile above, their expectations
n
nitude and
interest
of
amswcrcd.
were not
the scene,
all about it
Others have seen the Whirlpool, but not
to feast their eyes upon the
not having turned the point,
;
fine
and
noble view
of the
retreating
water,
or
not
of the stream, as
having descended the bank, to the edge
it
thunders along.
The
i
traveller should pass a
brink of the precipice, diat the turn of a point near the
There he beholds, what at
rect his attention beneath.
first
deep
like some
appears a small, dark and heavy stream
great
and narrow mountain torrent but unlike the
Niagara, so
mimt
!
fl
^B
|H H
'^H
;
;
much
moments, the
RMife
I^^^H I^^H
l^^l'
t
^p
1
K
^
1
n^H
^jjB
1'
few paces to the north, and
the object of admiration.
illusion
is
complete.
For some
The Whirlpool and
�JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
Hddiea
nhovc.
fonnnng eddies -its deep gulfs and
encircling waves,
all forgot
and (he imagination in seized with
rapture
and Burpriso, at this unexpected and
newly discovered
Its
tho
veil
185
luid Vorlicrs.
are
;
wed up
at n
le,
rc-
fQiii
Somco nmc'li
scene.
He advances— tbe reality is discovered: tbis
is,
indeed, the Niagara, escaping, as it
were, from its prison
house.
The charm is not immediately dissolved
;
the
great river is contracted to a
very span
the opposite
shore of Canada is within a stone's
throw; and the deep
waters are literally poured out from
the broad basin of
the Whirlpool.
;
liciilnrly
ol,
hnvc
relator
;
opcn-
10
l)g ll()0(]>
yCQllB,
t
pointed,
a
iPi)id
When
can,
tbe waters are at their
where the
river disgorges
usual height, the vsitor
from the Whirlpool, walk
out from the shelving bank, to the
very verge of the pasHe ca.i there, if his nerves are steady
and
strong, dip his hands or bathe his feet
in the deep, green,
impetuous Hood that rushes along
but, to do so, he
must be firm, or, at beholding the
advancing waters,
hearing their astounding roar, and
glancing at the fluctuant current, the head may become
dizzy, and, like
other daring unforlunates, he may
fall a victim to the
dark and troubled waters of Niagara.
The more wary
traveller will retreat a few yards,
and try his strength to
cast a stone to reach the opposite
shore of Canada ; a feat
which has been done by the sinewy sons
of the farmers
of Niagara.
sing torrent.
;
K^aiaiK'c,
[he ma<,'iiswcrctl.
hout
it
npou tbe
or
not
leuui, ae
)rth,
ipice,
and
di-
The Whirlpool
is
a place
combining many objects
^11
to
wbat at
ike some
smg.
tbe great
lower, the eddies
Por some
8cene then appears to the best advantage.
After a storm,
,*
when brideea have been rarrind r^ir ,r^oR„i„ -l,-
Ipool
and
interest
;
but, at times, the spectacle
When
the water
is
at
its
is
not alike impo-
usual height, or rather
and vortices are the largest,
and the
,
:!:'!
�JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
186
"Sow
(lirii'ovcry.
nway from their liiHtoning, and
Bwcpt down from the upper hdic, then all
bonts torn
the place are prcHcnted, and
of the
sistibly passes
through the
Lewiston
eer to
;
loga
scenes are alike the result
oongrrf!;ation
stupendous
and
Ihe terrors of
only inferior to the ^reat
it is
The two
cataract of Niagara,
trees
of waters,
which
irre-
niounlain gorge, from Schlos-
but there
is
no similitude existing be-
tween Ihem.
Sometime
Hi
?
since
a
raft
of logs of
more than seventy
loose above the
pieces, belonging to Gen'l Whitney, broke
they lodged in
cataract
Falls and were carried over the
;
Whirlpool where they remained careering round for
The scene was then very interesting;
several weeks.
tlie
some were gliding over the smooth undulating water,
some were dancing and bounding on the waves, while
deep.
others were springing on and driven forth from the
and crushing each
They were in all positions, striking
war of
other, leaping and moving round in a commingling
elemental commotion.
A
visitor
in the
month
of September 1840, while in-
tensely admiring and studying
wonder from the American
that
any thing thrt)wn
side
this
waa
scene of beauty and
lead to the impression,
into the river at a particular point,
would not be taken down the stream, strong as the current
other
swelled itself along, but would be carried to the
experiment was made, and a
The next day the
side.
most interesting feature of the Whirlpool discovered;
showing more clearly than had yet been known, the very
singular action of the water.
were
set adrift,
the stream, then
one
full
after
Several pieces of timber
another
into the
main
first
floated up
channel, in
which they
;
they
�JAUNT TO THE VVHIRLroOL.
187
rf
:,
tSuspension Mri(Jge.
moved
rap.dly towards the Canada
shore, to which
they
approached within a few ro.ls
then wheeling they
,assed
up the stream entered the
Whirlpools where they
renmined driving round during the day.
:
A short time after a
a quantity of gravel
tight barrel
was put
in
was taken
for ballast,
to this pointto
cause it to
a slender staff with a ting
attached to it was
secured to the other end, and
thus prepared
on end
float
;
it was launched
mto the river. It took the same
course, passed to the
Canada shore, entered (he Whirlpool
where after many
hours It was left, still moving
and dancing
;
round.
This
simple, yet beautiful experiment
more than any thing vet
Witnessed, shows the very
extraordinary movements
of
his flood of water.
This experiment
trom the American
can only be made
side.
It «how8 almost conclusively
that nothing passes floating
from the Whirlpool, but such
things as enter it from
the
rn-er above, continue therein,
until swallowed up in
the
Whirlpools, they are carried ofl'
in the depths of the
cur-
rent.
At the outlet of the Whirlpool, the
banks of the Nia
gare river approach each other
nearer than at any other
point
and it a suspension bridge should
ever be erected
over the Niagara, nature
seems to have designated
this
Bpot as being the most
suitable, as it is here
the most
;
practicable.
>
" There
is
In God's created work..
a beautiful, undying charm
The whispering wind, and waves,
1 he mountain brook, ihe creeping
grass, /lowers,
Quivering leaves, even to Jhc lowliest
Do
things,
lisp their
Maker's praise."
Illi!
�;;
;
JAUNT TO THE WHlULrOOL.
188
Tlic
llnviii^nrrived nt the
upon the grounds
is
Lodge the charge
puid at the gnte.
ary to drive to the hnidv
is left
i)r(»s|ifcl.
with n
This course
in waiting.
It has
entering
and the carriage
cnrrifige,
is
for
been custom-
not recommended
;
the
enchanccd, the visitors are hurried to return by
As
look around.
the hackman, and have not time to
ground for visitors,
there arc now accomodations on the
J-
expense
is
hacks
and ample conveyances by omnibuses and
I
for
their
the bridge on the
return at all hours, it is better to stop at
The distance is short and the walk
road und walk out.
Before coming in
ride.
will form a pleasant one after the
bowery of forest trees,
sight of the river, the road enters a
which forms a cool and
the close and luxuriant foliage of
sombrous shade, very refreshing
in the
prevailing heats of
summer.
summer-house near
the party advances towards a
guide, one of the
the bank of the river, proceeded by the
" Where is the Whirlpool 1"
pnrty inquires
From this point, you
is the place.
As
—
Guide.— "This
the waters
perceive
api)roaching,
with
great
velocity.
the shore of Canada
pass before us, towards
right, but a large
then they devidc, part passes off to the
counter current
portion is propelled back, forming the
eddies and
thai and the main channel, arc the
They
between
the Whirlpool.
By
you will distinguish
looking through this prospect-glass,
more plainly the logs and timber
to the naked
which, from the distance wc arc from them,
you will also pereye appear quite small. With this,
around which they are
ceive the magnitude of the vortex
To view the Whirlpool advantageously, c glass
carried.
fiVinnlrl
1
alwavs bo used."
�;
;
JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOr.
189
Tlin oullRf.
ntering
After contemplating the
prcmpeet
;u8tom-
much
^arriagc
id
The guide
turn by
lend.
short distance.
As
id.
made,
fl.r
''
some time, with
What
course docs
the nver take, from this ?"
the
;
aatiefaction, in.iuiry is
ll»o
Now
way, saying, -
We
advance a
will
look below."
Traveller.-'' Snint Mary
what a scene ia this !"
One of the ladies.-" IJow beautiful
and clear, and
yet how powerful and rapid
With
!
vieilors,
their
iT
what coiumotion
!
on the
bounds away
he walk
ning
and
ise
Niagara
it
?
of the chanthe high and approaching
banks, and the dark and
swelling water of the outlet,
strikes every one with
sensations of admiration."
nel
heats of
\c
la this a branch of the
Guide.-'' Still move a few steps
closer to the bank,
and you will perceive that the
stream below is truly the
Niagara.
Its sudden turn, the
contraction
in
st trees,
;ool
I
near
of the
Traveller.-" Tastolcsg to the
marvellous and surpris.ng beauties of nature would
he be, who can
behold
these, her noble works, without
int,
you
velocity.
Canada
t
" Nature here
Wantons in her prime, and
Her vifgui fancies."
;
a large
current
dies and
3Ct-gla88,
timber
he naked
also per-
thcy are
Yj
e glass
emotion."
Guide.-" These
are the
plays at will
points
spoken
of,
as
practicable to connect
Though
beinrr
together by a suspension
brid
the inhabitants of Lewidon and
Queenston
J
ha've
companies incorporated
for
that
contemplate to build a bridge
the distance across the river,
at
purpose,
^
I.
,
.
and ser.ously
their villacrcs, yet
- iston,
is
muHi
fur-
ther than here."
As nearly all the travellers, that visit
the Whirb.ool
descend the bank, and consider
thcraBelves wellpa-^ {br
Jhe trouble, the party
conclude to go down.
�JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
190
StniiP
The
guide lends the way,
to t'aiiadu.
imd with eorno labor aud
is
healthy exercise, they
lie conducls tlicni to the
Smooth Rock, against
not more than
exertion, thovi^'h
dcBcenu.
which
thrown
dnshcB the powerl'iil nnd resifitless current.
"Here." ho
observes, **a youns,'
man
by the
name
of Snnniel Whitner, of this township, threw a jtone that
Btruck the (-nnndn Bhorc."
Several of the party, being disposed to try
and strength,
make
the same
attempt.
their skill
Whether they
Bueceod or not, has not been reported.
" I think I have seen it mentioned in some
Traveller.
—
pul)lic'ation,
worthy of
that there
notice,
we
is
a cave near the Whirlpool.
If
will visit it."
The guide acknowledges that he is ignorant of its location; that he knew but one person who had visited it, and
his
account was very vague an
that he entered but a short
1
unsatisfactory; stating
distance;
that
it
was very
The same
dark, and that he did not like to go in alone.
said, that he observed, near the cave, many
person also
valuable mineral specimens; and, that spot not having
been visited by travellers, he thought more minerals might
be picked up, than at any other place. The cave, he
that
said, was about thi:'./ rods up the river from the path
The .>uide exi'f? ues a desire to lead
descends the bank.
the
the party in that direction, and explore it out; but,
route appearing very ditFicult, the offer is declined.
The
almost impenetrability
of the trees
and bushes,
the rocks hanging dangerously above, and the necessity
of climbing and again descending many steep and forbidof
ding passes, have, as yet, prevented a full exploration
The
this place; but it will be different for the future.
L^
�JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
191
Iniproveineiiis \ito\iOHin\.
doHcent
down the bank will I,, mmle
convenient, the whole
v.cimty will be exan.ine.l,
nn.i many obstacles will
be removed Ihot impede (hu rnn.biee
of visitors around IhiH
and without elFecting the
wild ronmntic aspect of
«pot;
•
'<'
'"nke every
l''«''^',
desire
fo
view.
p(,int
aeee.«iblc that visiters
may
no person
Heretofore
near
ha.s
re.id.'d
the Whirlpool, and
there was no ncconunodalion
or prov.H.on for the condort
of travellers.
It will now be made
n.ore agreeable for a
protracted stay to those who
desire
to tarry.
One
of the
parly expresses some
surprise, that this
water power has not been
brought into use; - :he rapids,
though laiger, are similar to
those above the Falls,
and
they may be controlled in
the
Guide
-.'^
The
hill,
or
o:ily obfctaele."
Traveller.-- That, now,
ns
power may be u.ed
t^l^
Some
foi
"
'
same wuy."
high bank appears to
be the
is
little
consequence,
any distance, by n^enn^
"'' coniined and conveyed in cast
of the party seek for
.his place,
of but
at almost
new and
dec Iris island, produces
strange
many
not readily found in other
parts of the country.
"
And
midst the cra-jry piles
andlmuldcrs, here
Wild
1
plant.s
ncommon
and
in
trees,
with vcrdam tops, uppear
place
•
herl.s, pe<-iili:ir to the
Peep throu'^h
Here the sa^'e
And
plants,
varieties,
the fissures, and the
prospect grace.
hotanist delights to stay,
deep study wiJe the time awny."
Having spent some time below
the bank, in ramblin.
over the mcks, and
engraving .heir .amea npon
the rocks
�JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
192
Return to
tlie
upper bank.
Arriving at the top of
or trees, they retrace their steps.
the
they proceed along the upper bank
hill,
Here
of a mile or more.
are presented
for
some
a quarter
Ae views
ih
of the formidable river, driving furiously along.
Thou sec3t not all: but piece-meal thou must brenk
To separate contemplation, the great whole
And, as the ocean many bays will make,
*'
;
That ask the eye, so, here, condense thy soul
To more inmiediate objqcls, and control
Thy thouf;hts, until thy mind hath got by heart,
Its
eloquent proportions, and unroll
Its
-
mighty graduations, part by part.
The
No
more
glory which, at once
upon Ihee
did not dart."
scenes more enlarge themselves on the mind, the
thoy are vie'- 'ed, than those around the Whirlpool.
and then hastens away,
and drinks not of the cup of inspiration
enjoys but
which nature here presents in nil her greatness and sub-
Who
casts but a furtive glance
little,
limity.
air
To
those
and delight
in
who
live not distant,
floods,
again and again with renewed pleasure.
who
have cast but a slight
love the pure
brown and broken
the wild woods, the
rocks, deep caverns, and roaring
who
re-visit
Many
this spot
from
afar,
and hasty glance, and turned
unsatisfied away, have afterwards regretted their apathy,
have longed to retrace their steps and to review the
and
scene.
The
following inscription,
without date,
found at that place:
" Flow on
in the
garment of spray
Which God hath given thee.
And fill all other souls, as thou
w
With wonder and
praise."
hast mine.
was
lately
�JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
193
Maoisiroin, of iN'orway,
Having
traversed the shore till wearied
with the walk,
they return to the siin.nier-house,
where they seat and
rest themselves.
While enjoying the
cool
Is
and
retreat,
the
beauty of the prospect, the
conversation is still on
the scene before them.
O IK enquires '< Do you not
suppose it possible to cro.e the
?"
—
river,
The
sible;
guide replies-''
though a
tained, there
life
No one
has ever thought
boat has been spoken
n person
is
at
the
Joel R. Robinson, a mont
skilful
not hesitate to attempt it."*
To
boat,
here, in safety
Falls, bv
it
and,
of,
mm
pos-
if
ob-
name of
waterman, who would
the
which, another
no doubt,
it
gentleman adds— '< With such a
might be accomplished. While look-
ing at the Whirlpool, of Niagara
river,
been drawn
the two
my
thoughts have
to
the Maelstrom, of Norway
together, to discover if there is
between them; but I find none."
An American gentleman, who
the Maelstrom, says: "
every form.
;
contrasting
any resemblance
The
sailed along the
edge of
The waves foamed around us
sensations
in
I experienced, are difficult
to describe.
Imagine to yourself an immense circle,
moving round, of a diauiefer of one
and a half miles, the
velocity increasing as it approximates
towards the centre,
and gradually changing its dark blue
color to white
foaming, tumbling, rushing to the
vortex
very much
concave, as much so as the water in
a tunnel when half
run out; the noise, too, hineing,
roaring, dashing
all
pressing on the mind at once
presented the most "awful,
—
—
—
—
*This- wfis puhlisli-,1 of Rol)inson
two inonth=i
of Ch;ipin from the island.
l.pfore
liis
rescue
m
�JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
194
Slirnhs and I'lants.
In
grnnd, and solemn sight
I
It is evidently n
ever beheld.
From
subterranean puBBP.gc.
magnitude,
its
I
should not
would be the fate of
they were drawn in the
doubt, but that inetant destruction
a dozen of our largest ships,
if
same inomcnt."
I'
As
I
to the foaming, tumbling, dashing,
and roaring, our
eyes and ears must witness that the scene before us cannot be surpL'Sried; but the great peculiarity of the MaelI,!
strom, the tunncl-likc appearance,
—"
Traveller.
which the place
If
is
enclose as a jxirk; the
imder-growlh,
is,
It?
r
it
made, of
would make a
beautiful
ground8, west of the road,
forest part
1
would
should be cleared of the
leaving here and there, dense as
it
now
a clump of indigcnious shrubs and plants, as impervious
The whole
as nature has reared them.
If.-
not found here.
improvenienta were
susceptible,
The
country retreat.
1*
the
is
should be inter-
sected with roads and walks; steps, also, to descend the
bank; a bathing and fishing house;
a
life-boat
on the
The
and a suspension bridge, from bank to bank.
water power should be brought into use, in carrying on
river;
mills
and manufactories; and
my
cottage should be in the
midst of the active and rural scene."
Guide.
— **To
which could be added a view of the
Falls, at a distance, if the
woods on yon
the south, in Canada, were cut down.
i)(>int
of land at
This place was
one of the favorite purchases of Ilalhbun, and on which
he very justly placed a high value. It was he who erected
the summer-house, and it was his design to carry into
effect
many
mentioned.
of the improvements which
you have
just
�JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
Benjamin
m
195
ilutlibun.
HENJAMIX RATHBUN.
"
f?ny,
Ami
A8
there
why we
strive
a lustroua name to pain
Jivc in t-une, for
vain ambition's sake?"
at almost every
important point in this
is,
Vicmity
Bome work remaining of the
taste and enterpn8e of this individual, and so
many inquiries are
relative to hin.,
made
proper to give to the public
such noticcs as have come to the
knowledge of the author. Per.^apsno more strong delusion
ever cnme over the public
it
is
nimd, as to any man, than
prevailed in reference to
Katfabim.
In 1816 he kept a public
house at Sherburne, in the
New- York. Near his tavern, he
had a -tore of
goods: he also issued notes,
as a private banker.
His
State of
store
of his
was
fitted
up
public house
tion of travellers.
in a superior style,
and the interior
was really a model, and the
admiraIt was much in advance, in
appearance
and in general accommodations,
over
the
other
houses of the country.
He
public
soon after failed; and,
much reduced, he sought for
another part of the country.
It is stated
that the relations of Mrs.
Ralhbun proposed that she
should return to them, her
hu.band being alike bankrupt
in property and
character
but she declined
employment
in
;
preferring to share adversity
the man of h.r choice.
He
the offer,
as well as prosperity ^viih
first
came
and proposed to get a public
house built
to
Niagara
for his
Falls,
occupation
�JAUNT TO THE WHIRM'OOL.
196
KiUhbim
there; but,
— ii»reer hngun.
relinquiehinff Hint U\m,
he succeeded in ob-
Under
Bullalo.
taining charge of the Kaglo Tavern, nt
of that bouse was soon
his mnnngemcnt, the rcpulalion
roised from a very low
He
acter.
one of the highest char-
and erected adjoining
enlarged Ibe buildings,
Every thing he did wna in good
ones.
lord,
to
state,
he became ominciit
pleased,
all
;
style.
As
a land-
tbat called on him, were
and commended him
Ilia
otbcrp.
to
bar was
wines his table was
eaid to be slocked wilh the choicest
best evidence of a well kept
his beds, the
abundant
;
;
and
desire
house, every thing the weary traveller could
and obliging. It
his servants were the most attentive
;
the Eagle
was, in those dayn, a luxury to be a guest at
a
citiz.ens of BuiValo were proud of such
Tavern. The
,
and well they might:
in
which he was enga-
public-house, and such a landlord
he was a credit to the calling
ged, and an honor to the place.
While
his
hotel
was
so well conducted,
many were
without seeing the
his guests that came and went away,
yet were delighted with his
landlord, to know him
;
house.
He moved
through
it
quietly and unobtrusively,
the comfort
directing about every thing, vm\ seeing to
of his company, without their noacconnnodation
and
tice.
To Benjamin Rathbun, more
than any other man, the
United States, arc mainly
raising the standing and character of Ameri-
public, in every portion of the
indebted, for
can public-houses to their present splendid condition.
In 18:11, he was employed to build the banking-house
of the United States Branch Bnnk, at Buffalo.
been rapidly gaining in chnraciur and credit
He
;
had
and he
�ip^
JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
Jtatlihun
in ob-
now
Uiuler
1
vm
acqmsition,
bar wna
ire
kept
and
^ing.
le
rose
was
;
It
Eagle
in
and
neighborhood.
Hence
business.
It
"He
!y
might:
knows
lalo."
was
the
to
be
in his
a most
Whene/er be
affairs
perfect
}eing the
even distant
with
hcited
him
fixed his eye
were
The
bargain.
He was
discernment and capability for
" Hi«
said,
has
went
alive
like
}
comfort
their no-
fact of his
man
man,
re
the
mainly
favorably upon
to overbid
villages,
him, and obtain
courted his
surrounding, and
acquaintance, and so-
make purchases among them
making a purchase in any place, was
of Ameri-
ing-houso
;
''the
He
length,
had
and he
his
and
for the
at once
treble
its
he was called 'Uhe mighty
Girard of
will
erect
the
a
West";
statue
and,
to his
it
was
memory."
has laid his hands on the most
valuable property
the city and country."
imlhons of dollars."
ition.
He
At
added, ''Buffalo
in
any
inhabitants of the
the cause of property advancing to
double
''
''He
in Buf-
to
former value.
operator,"
clock-
system."
;
trueively,
hands
the proi,erty in the
great Butlalo spe'>ula.
nil
the value of property better than
any
spot, speclulators
the
up
arose
extolled for his superior
such a
his
carried
which crazed the head of every body.
tions,
if
iny were
ideas, as to build-
with ready encourare-
assoonasitwn^known
value,
work."
'08 engii-
correct
he met
menced to buy lands, and build for
hiinself.
As he mado
improvements upon the l.md.s, he
j.urchnsed, every new
a Innd-
m, were
i^ell
extraordinary career which
inent from an enterprising
people.
First, he erected
houses, for others, on contract;
then he gradually com-
idjoinin^
able
commenced on the
Having
ings and improvements,
soon
chnr-
!Bt
a
— licivy npcratiorifi
he altcrwnrds run.
fairly
197
" He is worth more than
two
8omc few had apprehensions
that
condition would not
turn out so well,
and hinted
"
fail
that, after all,
he might
Would
'
r'^n'u
tk! -^ Ur. u u
r.p4, " aiia u hQ Khouldj
ihe people of
hfi
Ihe
-JO
fail.
" No, he won't
i
-
fm
�JAUNT TO THK WHIRLPOOL.
198
Rill hburi
— his character.
Buffalo will suBtain liini."
Tbc
wifiost
and
Boundest
men in Ihc comnmnity Pnnk benontb him in the public
with
estimation; and cvun sucb, eecmcd to bave parted
their
wits,
as they
fell
in his train, lauded his talents,
as to
favored his magnificent undertakinga, and certified
flooded with the oilers of property,
He was
his success.
of bnrgains, and of plans and enterprises.
No
important
work could go forward without his aid, as one of the
llis name was considered as a
proprietors, or managers,
sanction
— the
guarantee of successful operation.
multiplicity of his
The
business became such, that those who
on him could have but so much of his time; and
to run
the highest in society thought it no disparagement
to adround the city after him, and then wait their turn
Now it was said, " lie cnn. do any thing."
dress him.
called
**
hath the power of a sultan."
During his whole career, he lived in good,
He
ostentatious style.
but not
Sometimes n party would be got up,
case, there
ofthe fashionables to go to the Fulls; in that
The carriage, or sleigh,
more bhow.
would be a little
that carried his family,
¥4Ul
the most
elegant, and
would be the
the
richest, the harness
horses the most
noble; his
why should
whole equipage outshining all the rest. And
All others sunk themselves to
so ?
it not have been
'* he was
oil eyes sought for him;
pigmies by his side;
He was the theme of every body's
the admired of all."
Phrenologists discovered an extraordinary
conversation.
developments
contour in the formation of his head, and
in
far exceeding any they had ever noticed
of capacity
other subjects.
Oil the day of the jircat m\c of
lots, at
Niagara
Ftillh
�,
^AUNTjro^HK
ItatJibun
—
WHIRLPOOL.
~
I99
'
Iiis
'
t'ttil.
soundest
public
e
""''
-n
ed with
talents,
:'""
' « -''"« «'-y "f W« fraud,
he
ho p„., .hod to ,he
,v„rM; when the
preyed „po„
i.»ve
his
cd OB to
,„i,„l l,k„
„„„„,
know wout;
b.,r.hl. „
" "";;'
,„„,.
:)ropcrty,
nportant
le
of the
nmn, „f n„,eh knowledge
of ,„„„ki„d,
was unknown, desired to
ered as a
.•rsee„,g „nd ohservin«
hin, for son,e ti,ne,
How ,„.,eh ,„ore aetive and able
.
The
who
n.
lose
ime; and
it to
run
rn to ad-
thing."
^
but not
i
~
and „,ost act,ve ,nen
in
the country.
»,onlhatprev„,ledw,than, „s
'"" ' •='''"'"^'" "'"' ""li'y-
to the es,i,„„tio„
None
l.yaw„rdn,« to him superior
,,,„
Su,h ,„,
felt
^
,^0 deT„
of
r1
hi,nself den,eaned
an.l exeelling
powers
I,
gym
not wonderful, that
in beholdin-. ihe
,
.e,rer!l '"*"""'""'
f
he too, should bcome
beside
bU^^l
"
there
tJr,-,-,l
sleigh,
harness
loble;
hia
ay should
iselves to
'*
and
he'aid-
^,,Jt„
R„,hh.„,
""nl'"'"ng Ihe name of
,„,„ „f
-'
A„u
)
out
""'"
.'
got up,
ise,
)r
lilZZ
to who,,,
have hin, po.nted
ho was
ry body's
aordinary
}lopment8
loticed in
ara Fallo
'-'?
His
«"des,
ain,.
«
ii,
are, surr, ,„ ,r„„|„c,s
„,,,„
,l,i„_,,ar(i,io„3
Jo
ll.cir
,„|,^,,
bouu.la ,livije."'
own
sohe,nes of a„,biti„„
were boundless, and
he had the visionary
views of olber« hi
and he heca„,e the broL,
be
7
eolXit.^lr
«1 .he spceulating mania of that
time.
He was f ttl .'
."'o an opinion of the
perfectness of his
judgment
"»de to believe that he was
worth mill,C„s
s" ilM
'" W-. of the means to
'
earry into effl" „lf
,:;:
h
v.«.c,ns, or yet
there remaine.l to
be secured
III
""
som^f.
7
rtTitir
Nothmg
can be said in
j„s„fiealion of sueh
conduct
it"
�'*MiHtottf^>
JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
200
Uailrottds, mills, factorips,
yet,
it
is
to cancel
&c.
was his intention
charitable to believe, thnt it
had brought to his
every liability. As he daily
of
immense value
notice, the
hie
estate, doubtless he
at any hour,
vainly supposed he could,
But the volcano, on
vestige of fraud.
burst forth, and plunged
him
sweep away every
which he reposed,
leav-
into irretrievable ruin;
improvements,
ing his buildings, his
sacrificed, and to
acquisitions, to be
and
all
his valuable
become the property
of others.
frauds to lavish the
Rathbun committed no
.
'
avails
m
Very
pursuits of any kind.
debauchery, or in criminal
attached to his
regular in his habits, and
industrious
his own domestic circle; devofamily, he lived quietly in
;
amiable woman, and
beloved by his wife, a very
He was just in his
acquaintance.
esteemed by all his
labored for him, settling with
dealing with those who
course
great regularity.
them, and paying them with
made him very popular with
80 honrst and commendable,
have been to
workmen.. His great aim appears to
tedly
A
his
give celebrity to the
name
of Benjamin Rathbun.. and that
of
he sought to do, by the erection
fire-proof stores, spa-
ex-
noble hotels, and magnificent
cious dwelling houses,
adorn the country by useful
changes, and to beautify and
The building of railroads,
and elegant improvements.
mills, factories,
and steamboats,
plans.
tions, or entered into his
like these,
his offence
all
were among his
opera-
For accomplishing objects
was committed, and not
for
any
He erred greatly, in not at once accriminal purposes.
in not throwing
knowledging the charges against him, and
the court, and commisse.ation
the mercy of
himself upon
Such boundless ambition,
of the commuiiity.
directed, can never be approved.
however
�JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
201
Devil's Hole.
tcnlion
to his
he
less
y every
epoeed,
leav-
i;
raluable
)roperty
The enda of juetiee have now been
answered: he may
again be an useful man. Let
hia friends osk for the romission of the further penalty of
the law.
Let them do
more: let them, at some suitable
place, build a public
house, equal, if nut surpassing any
in the United
States,
and make Rathbnn
tlic
landlord.
Such an
act
would be
him,- would confer a favor upon
those who
and the proprietors would soon
find their
kindness to
travel,
stock
profitable.
ivails in
Very
.
Returning
to the
their seats in their
Lodge
own, or
d to hia
in his
)t
ing with
BATTLE OF THE DEVIl's HOLE.
coursG
h.
iilar
with
been
and
" Once
And
that
icent ex-
by
useful
railroads,
ilia
ng
operaobjects
for
once
any
ac-
throwing
tiiBse^atiou
Vinwever
this soft turf, the riv'Iet's
Were
to
fiery hearts, find
A mile from the
feet of the river's
sands,
trampled by a hurrying crowd
Encountered
ores, spa-
t
one of the regular carnages.
and
inn,
t
in
devo-
e;
)t
at the road side, the party
take
;
armed hands,
in the battle
cloud."
Whirlpool, the road rnns within a few
bank, where a deep and gloomy chasm
is rent or worn out of
the rock.
This is called the Devil's
Hole, and the small stream which
crosses the road and
falls in
the chasm,
is
the Bloody
Run.
In 1759, while the war was yet raging
between England and France, a detachment of
one himdred British
were conveying a large supply of provisions, beef
and munitions of war, to Fort Schlosser. Indians
were employed by both parties. Those in
the interest of the
regulars
cattle,
.l«Hlii
�^^^t^^fitlgg^lj^.
.*. f*
THE WHIRLPOOL.
JATTNT TO
202
Th(* iiiiibuHnwlc.
eome dnys hovering? about Ibc T5rilwere on the
ish camp, and when the convoy set out, they
their anibuscado, and
nlert.
At this place, they formed
French, hnd beon
'ir
never was there a spot more
vre.
The
road passed
such a manoeu-
favoral)le for
down
and continued
a small hill,
on a level for about a hundrcl rods, when it again rose
is
on hifjher ground. The northern portion of the road
were united by an donow slightly varied. The ascents
vated ridge of level land, which was covered wilh wood,
and commanded the road for the whole distance. On
't
I
'
!,
the right of the advancing party
the Niagara river,
and on
each extremity the two small
pecting any attack,
was
the left
hills.
moved forward on
the high bank of
the
ridge,
The
the
..
front of the detachment reached the end
and
at
party, unsiiR-
"d; when the
of the ravine,
were opened upon them with deadly
the Indian
rim; then followed the dread war-whoop, as if a thousand
wolves were howli.ig and yelling around them. Indeed,
fiistes
their assailants
were more
fierce
and ferocious than the
wild beasts of the forest.
' Pale
ii'l
terror innrcli'd
nmid
tlic
yielding baivl,
Chiird every heart, unncrv'd each iron
Many
hun(il."
of the soldiers were killed at the
first
discharge,
and the others were thrown into hopeless confusion. The
Indians fell like tigers upon the drivers, tomahawked
them in their seats, and threw them under foot. The
tV
waggons were backed
cattle
fell
tilated
and
full
ofT the
mass.
precipice,
and
men
and
in
one dismembered and mu-
Some threw
themselves from the bank,
with the loading
mangled and dying on the rocks; others lodged
�m
JAITNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
203
Four persons rsrapo.
Tlrit-
]c
on tbo
)
and
ulo,
nnnoeumliniied
nin roHC
road
1
nn
y
is
elr-
h wood,
On
re.
bank
ot
and
at
,
iinsiiR-
•,
,hcn tho
}
ravine,
h deadly
Ibousand
Indeed,
than the
in the
branches of the trees, where they
remained, disa-
bled, unlil the affray
be but faintly imarined.
The
mhawkcd
The
.of.
:>n.
men
and
and muhe bank,
srs
lodged
when the savage- at their
The horror of the e.ene can
The quiek report of the fmec.,
over,
the yells of the Indians,
the bellowing of the cat,'-
^o
shneks of the wounded and dying,
mingled with the monotonous roar of the mngos of
the Niagara, which rose
from below ns in mockery of
the follv, the strife, and
dying groan« of men.
The brook
that courses over the
bank, ran red wifj, the blood of
the .lain.
person, by
the name of Stedman, escaped
bv cutting the bridle of
his horse, which an Indian
had seized. The horse
A
fled
with him up tho small stream,
and came again to the
Niagara river, at the mouth of
now
called Gill
heirs, or representatives
of this
man have
a creek
creek.
The
since set up a pretended title
to the tract of land
he encompassed in his retreat,
bounding
which
west on the Niagara river, and say that the
Indians gave him the land,
as ''a medicine," for his loss
at the Devil's Hole
No
deed or confirmation of title being
produced to our courts,
the claim
lischarge,
was
leisure despatebod thcni.
was
not admitted.
Sledman's brother threw himself
down the bunk and
was fortunately, without injury,
caught in thetop'of a
pine tree; thence, he
descended to the water's edge,
and
by swmiming in some
places, and scrambling
through
brakes and over rocks in others,
he
succeeded
the
landing
inn e
now
Lewiston.
good their e.cape:
all
m
reaching
Two
other persons, only,
of the others were destroyed,
tntil of late years,
pieces of the waggons,
and other evidences of this bloody
discomfiture, existed; but
they have
now entirely mouldered away.
17*
'»
4
!l''li?llMll
*"
I
�ateawiiHitri.mni
JAl'NT
204
TO
Indian \ illauc.
'I'lii-
Colt'R tavern, four
At
RtrikoH oir to the
As
the IrnvollcrH turn lo the
— "there
ohservcH
mer, hy the
dinns
made
their
did
in Ripht,
Indians rushed
iBpol.
reach
Whih<
the ^niidc pointa to
on the Jjcwiston rond,
When
upon
him
rond
liidiuii villnjio.
old
Dutch
far-
the Uriti^hand
(hMtructive incurHioti on
not
n
Fnlls,
tb(>
tl.»(*
rosidcd un honewt.
Whih; he was
rbcai)e.
riglil,
of March.
name
infornmtion
frnni
niilcfl
oast, wliirli h.ndri to
the next rising gro\ind
and
wimn.rofM-.
TIIF
tlie
Iii-
front i<T,
mt.kc
in season to
hi.^
harnoa«ini( his hor^e.-, a party
him, and
the hloody (hn'd
miirdcred
him
was goin« on,
in
(>n
ol
the
front
oi
woods.
the houHe, the family ellccted thiiir ewcape to the
scouting party of Americans, Fomc days afterwards,
hody.
paP'^ing that way, foimd hirf own hogs eating his
A
Such are ihe ahhorrent EwJnes which war
prcK(>ntR.
l^''
TUSCARORA INDIANS.
•'
Tliat diff, nictliinUp, the T)iflinn cry
IVals fronj
They
its siiiimiit, shrill
ami
hi;,'h."
are n part of the trihe of Tuscaroras,
formerly
They came to this country
inhabiting North Carolina.
The
171*2, and joined the live nations.
about the year
whole formed the warlike confederacy called the Six NnThey live on a tract of land ceded to them by the
lions.
Senecas, of one by three miles, and also four thousand
by
lUree hundred and twenty-eight acres deeded to them
�JAI^NT TO TifK vvirnu.pooL.
n roiid
villnjj[C.
lointH
m
!»•
flll-
and
ILdlnnd
]juh\
Iii-
niov. d to
(he
wrHl.
two hundred nnd
Vynu-n,n\ chic.f
is
Our
on
llic
i<\
woods.
oivvard.^,
Urt
hndy.
Slntrs,
in
tlioy nre to |,o re-
nun.l.rr om!v, nl
(hin
li.nr,
Tli.ir present
Thoino^ Chow, the con of nn
Kn-dinh"
nrrivod nt the
villnirp, Jook info f|,o
oh^orvationH, and lako «uch notoH
tlin ,Mi«toni8 an<I niannern
<>'
of the inhahilnnle, as n Mmrt
nnd hn.!y vinil alll.rd.; purchase
mcU
gome
Inmt
i
Tlu.y
nnd
ni.dity.tiir..c in(hvi,lunI.^
i)nr(y havinfr
wi-wnnis; make
(il
Tho UnKod
infrroflt,
in.'iti.
tVoiilicf,
\)tn\y
('on.pnpy.
1HM7, purchnscd out lluir
rond,
ilcli
<l«n
205
inaiiufacture: or, perhn].p, seek
r.end.Io chi.f Sa'-aris.a,
I
artick>« of Indian
an introduction
who was
I.
to th'> ve-
n connnisRionod olhcer
A'
the American a my, in the
revohitionarv war.
If it
he Su.id.My, the travellers attend
the place of i.ul.lic worship, where, bcHides the
interest aflorded by the sermon
of the nuBHionary, they will
hear it translated to the natives, in their peculiar
frutlural Inn-ruage
and also hear
HHisin-, of the n.ost superior order.
The Indians
HI
;
'Ml
are,
.iusdy,
much
extolled for
their line
voices.
They
are
very fond both of vocal and instrumental
nnisic.
Anion- their distinguished men,
there was* one, some
time f-mce, by the name of
formerly
8
)ne.
)
The
Six Nn-
ixn
>
LITTLE CHIEF.
country
by
the
thousand
them
l>y
Immediately after the declaration
of war by our -overnment, in 1812, about a
dozen
principal
'-n
the
men
of (he village, with
commanding
of
the
much
sachems !and
formality, called
oiHcer at Fort Niagara.
The
o/lh-ers
m
�JAU^T TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
206
Indian JSpcech.
assembled at the commnndnnl's quarters, and
himiself, thro'
being seated, Little Chief thus expressed
of
fort
tlic
John Mountplcaoant, a noble Indinn:
<'
He
6ny,v,"
Bruff waa the
spoke
first
the
"that Captain
interpreter,
American
that took possession of this
He received it peaceably from the hands of the
He and his troops resided here in peace; tk^c
British.
fort
was no war, no trouble. He went away: he left the
He did well."
strong ns he got it.
fort.
says,"— "Next came Major Rcvardi, and still
These fortifications remained firm and
there was peace.
"He
'
strong: there
were no enemies
went away: he
left all
to
He
approach them.
things as he found them.
He
did
well."
"He
suys,"— "Then came Captain Wiley: yet
there
to
was peace. Friends passed from one side of the river
security,
the other: the warriors rested on their arms in
He went
and there were none to call them to battle.
He did well."
fort strong.
away. He, too, left the
"He says,"— " After him, came Major Porter yet
He also went away. He left all things
there was peace.
:
as he found them.
f
"He
You
You,
found the
too,
did well."
came
all
fort strong.
have done well.
fort is of great
that
He
says,"— " These
You came next.
did well,
You have been here in peace.
Now, war has come. This
importance to the United States.
before you, did well in peace.
Those
You must
do
we
are
well in war."
"
He says,"—"
We
have come to
the friends of the United States:
We
wish to
offer
tell
we
you, that
are as one people.
our services to you: our warriors will
�JATTNT TO
An
<Io
'_
nil
Ihey can
for
thifl
country.
THE WHIRLPOOL.
Indian Advenuire.
they bold Ihomselvos
:
When
you need
xib,
rcndy to
cnll,
and
come.
The roinmanding
that
if their
007
ofTiccr
services
mndo
should
wc
li.rht
will
a suitable reply, slating
be required
!;.
i.
for defensive
purposes, the government of
the
inform them.
United States would
After Great Britain had set the
example
of employing Indians, the
Tuscnroras were called upon,
and no Americana behaved better
than they did, during
Ihe remainder of the war.
The
travellers leave the village,
and descend the moun-
tain towards Lcwi^ton.
It
AN INDIAN ADVENTURE.
"In
voice, mien, gesture,
savage na'.ure spoke."
Just below the mountain, and to
the right of the road
which descends from the Tuscarora
village, lives Mr.
Sparrow Sage. He had, on the ]9th of
December, 1813,
m
the distressing invasion of this
frontier, been driven
For the purpose of securing his harvest,
from his home.
the summer after, returned with
his wife, to their
exposed and solitary dwelling.
One day, when he was
lie,
at
to
work
at
some distance
in the fields,
an Indian, attached
the British cause, entered the
house.
something to
eat,
He demanded
speaking in broken English.
was entirely alone, and immediately
obeyed
Mrs. S.
his bidding,
m
�;
JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
208
An
being in hopes
abduclion
that
— The rescue.
he would, after
After he had finished his repast, he
eating, go away.
told her that
he lived
Grand River, in Canada, and that he had come after
She
her to go with hini, and she must be his squaw.
to him, that could not be, for she had a husband.
replied
nt
"No,
no," he angrily
said,
squaw — you
must be my
him that her husband and
''You very pretty— you
shall
go."
In vain she told
others were near by; that he
had better go away, or he might get killed.
then took down Mr. S's gun, and finding
The
Indian
not loaded,
it
Afterwards he ransacked the house,
commanding Mrs. S. not to leave his sight, am' keeping
put
up
it
hi3 eye
agaii..
upon
her.
He
firrst
appropriated to himself
all
that he could carry; then, seizing her forcibly by the arm,
dragged her out of the back door, and thence towards the
woods, in the direction of Fort Niagara, then in the occupation of the British.
The husband heard
the screams
of his wife, and hurrying towards the house, seized an axe
which was lying at the door, and followed in pursuit.
He came up to them at the fence, on the border of the
Not letting go his hold, the savage fired at Mr. S.
forest.
His ball did not take effect
as he ran towards them.
and, just as he was raising his victim to throw her over
the fence, he received a blow from the axe, which broke
his
rifle,
and made him
sulting his
own
let
go of Mrs. S.
He
then, con-
safety, leaped over the fence; but,
in bo
doing, he received another blow from the axe, which made
him
fill
the forest with his yells, and he
made
off with
all
the speed he could, into the thick woods. Mr. S. did
not think porper to pursue, but, returning with his wife,
they
immediately
left
their
place of greater security.
dangerous habitation
for a
�JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
209
Anollier .ndventure.
,U
away.
JO
he lived
me
after
w.
She
I
1
Mr. William Molyncux, the father of Mrs.
S. had,
the winter before, occupied the same residence.
About
a month after he and his family had been
obliged to flee
from their homes, he returned very cautiously.
He er
tered his house, and found two Indians
lying dead on the
-
hubband.
ty— you
she told
that he
;
Indian
le
loaded,
t
house,
ic
keeping
'
imself
all
were, no doubt, abroad for murder and
destruction, and
met the fate ^hich they intended for others.
Mr. M.
dragged their bodies from the house, and as
ho had no aid
or time to bury them, he formed round
them a large pile
of logs and rails, and, setting fire to it,
they were consum-
the arm,
tvards the
n the
A party of American militia-men had come upon
Ihem unexpectedly, while they were carousing
upon the
good fare and liquors which (he occupants had
left.
They
floor.
oc-
ed.
The
British Indians considered
quite an affiont,
and threatened vengeance. It was an empty threat,
for
they had already done him all the mischief they
could.
it
screams
;
ed an axe
pursuit,
I
der of the
at
Mr.
ke
AN ESCAPE FROM INDIANS.
S.
etfect;
" Though few Uie numbers
her over
— theirs the
That neither spares nor seeks
strife,
for life."
lich broke
Ihen, cou)ut,
in 60
liich
made
IT
with
Ir.
L
all
S. did
Another incid( nt, which occurred on the
memorable
invasion before alluded to, took place on
the Ridge Road,
a few miles east of Mr. Molyneux's
public-house.
The
roads had been deeply broken up,
and were frozen in
that state, and it was impossible to
proceed with wagons
;
his wife,
lion
for a
a very
snow enabled the inhabitants slowly to move
along with sleighs.
They were fleeing from a relentless
little
M'".l
!
�'^nWMnMHHIJHH^
JAUNT TO THE WHlllLrOOL.
210
Dealli ot'un liiduiii.
The
and cruel enemy.
up with a twohorHu
wart walking by Ibe
rear of
puiated just
l)el()w
was brought
[n the
sleigli
lay
bud hud his leg
belbre,
ani-
was very
His condition
the thigh.
who
by u young man,
Bide of bis horses,
who, one week
his i)rolher,
lu^itives
1li(;
nlcigb, driven
and to proceed rapidly, rough as the roads then
would have been death to him. There was no
ulternutive, but to continue the moderate pace at which
feeble,
W(!ro,
The
they were moving.
At
tiiat,
looked
upon
knew
he
was armed with a
behind
him,
rille.
ho alternately
was near at hand. At
accompanying yells,
the foe
war-hoop,
the
length,
broke
and
for
;
driver
distrustfidly
witli
its
The disabled brother beeougbt
him to his fate, and by ilight to eave
" No," he replied, *' if we are to die,
together."
The party of Indians that
their
cars.
the other to leave
his
own
we
will jjcrish
life.
pursued them were
in full night
of the others, called to
g(>8tures,
and raising
pace, the
horses
himself
tor
them
bin
and one,
rille.
proceeded
within a few
in
advance
;
the driver, coolly collecting
The Indian sprang forward, and was
when the yoimg man,
paces of the sleigh,
suddenly turning himself,
firing, fatally
wounded
forward,
and his body
fell,
quickly raised
his pursuer.
rolled
his
rifle,
and
The savage plunged
out of the road.
A
vengeance, from the band in the rear, came like
the knell of death upon the brothers.
a friendly party of the Tuscaroras were
the
far
making threatening
With the same slow
the conflict, in which there were such fearful
odds against him.
yell of
;
to stop,
adjacent mountain
;
At
that
seen
moment,
descending
and the well-directed
fire
they
opened on the British Indians, obliged them precipitately
�JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
211
ijcwision.
The
to rel.re.
Cooko ami
pWot
the
drivor of the nlcigh
i..valicl
wa«
wns Iho Hon. Bates
hin brother,
Lathrop Cooke,
the boat that led the
van on that oeraBion
the
washro.,.bt|o the exaet point
designated, and the
u^vn, though hn-d upon hy
the eendnel who
gave the
alarm, were landed without
lose.
ot
;
l.nat
Pm
1,31111
Ul
.r'
iM
TllK VILLA (;e Ot' LKWisi'u.N.
*V\ii(I cnltn
:Mi(I
and
pcjKvrtiirfll
111,, lirjiiul
ray
rural scciiory
and woodland spray
hcaa. another day had crou'iiM,
;
Hu(
eriMliiit,
A {Thastly
ruin inark'd ilm eliarin jiroiMid;
u uv'd aionjr ij.c vonlrni' plain,
Anollicr day
'twas crusli'd bpnoalli ih,. slain
The
LTCcMi jrraHs
'ri)o
siroandet sparkled but
—
;
Another day
The
eve
was
liefore,
— 'twas red with rhxtcd gore."
party approach Lewiston.
Ihe Village
one
llie
burnt,
the prospect
The Biimmcr
all
after
around was like
extensive
liolds
meadow. Nearly all the fences in
the
had been destroyed by our own
troops, at ditierent
'imcp,
while encamped there, or passing
through; but,
it was burnt by the
British, the destruction
general : nothing was left that
at (he
^vas
I
tmic
would burn and
no creature was spared that could
be destroyed.
;
Hie life of
Not only
the fields, but the yards and
streets were
covered with high, grass, and
the prospect was lonely and
18
I
�JAUNT TO THE WIHRLrOOL.
212
Tlioiiuis Hustler.
melancholy
A
Been.
to be
spirit of
ene'^v to doslroy
Li'.
mns
.
abovt .uc
all
—
not o living creature was
wanton cruelly had caused the
ihat they could not carry away.
the extreme
in
marked the
tall fjraRS,
creature lay, where
of some
What
perished.
try depopulated,
As you
butterflies, ilitting
of emnll yellow
ppot
where
tlie
about
carcass
had been shot down or
it
scene can be more gloomy, than a coun-
and
laid
waste
enter the village,
I'.y
the ravages of war.
directly
the road
fronting
from the Falls, formcrlly lived sergeant Thomas Hustler,
one of Gen. Wayne's old
for
many
in
battle.
years,
Ho
ball
a
ler's
traveller
;
collee,
He
carried about,
which he received
grateful beverage of
is
mother Hust-
many an
yet remembered by
old
a slcigh-ride, and jauat of pleasure,
and many
was made by
thigh,
kept a public-house, one of the best of
those times; and the
good
vctorniis.
in hie
the officers of Fort Niagara, to the public-
house of the old sergeant.
A
little
sician,
further in the village, lived a respectable phy-
by the name of Alvord.
tered Lewiston,
carrying before
he was preparing to
as he
fly
was mounting
When
them
the Indians en-
terror
from danger, but he
his horse, they shot
and death,
was
too late
;
him down and
scalped him.
Lewiston, was, in 1805, named after Governor Lewis,
it was burnt in 1813, in 1815
of the state of New York
;
the inhabitants returned and
flourishing village.
Ill
i
i
I
-4M
it
is
now
a beautiful and
�;
JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
Five IMile
213
Mradow
was
uro
ised tho
away.
y
FIVE MILE MEADOW.
ig about
I
carcafis
down
.
" ('oine, (read with
me yoiirlmnjrrfiil (lellg,
Whcie beamy imo ;4raiide.ur swells."
or
a coim-
war.
the road
Hustler,
xl about,
received
e best of
er
ly
Hust-
an
old
pleasure,
10 public-
able pbyidians cn-
This beautiful situation,
celebrated in the early
days of
be country, as bein,. one
of the first cultivated
spots of
be Wilderness, i« between
one arul two niilea below
Lewiston, and live miles
from the Fort. Hence its
name. It
was the residence and
property of Captain
Nathaniel
Leonard, formerly of the
United States army.
At the close of the last war, he
retired to
esteemed as the most attractive
and pleasant
the nver.
Here,
in the
improvement and
cultivation of
" The post of honor
is
too late
Youngstown
Niagara
or Lewis,
3, in
1815
Litiful
and
of any on
mindat of a beloved family,
his
farm,
in the
and
in the
confidence of his many friends
and neighbors, he lived
happily for many years, and
truly verified the adage,
that
nd death,
down and
this place
old
1^
river.
ort
is
a village, also, lying by the
side of the
It
George,
a private stailon."
is
in
one
.ile
Canada,
from Fort Niagara, and
is
directly
opposite
It
name from John Young, formerly
an American
merchant in Canada. He was
the principal proprietor.
clerives its
Here
kept the only ferry to
Canada, between Lewishorse boat is maintained.
In
summer time, it is very pleasant
crossing ; but, in winder, It the ice
runs, there is danger.
is
ton and
Lake Ontario.
A
nil
!
�JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
214
Fort
i\iii(.'ii»ii.
FORT NIAGARA.
'•I
" IIoarr^R bnrkr^d
The
This
a
siiinll
nn
fortress
spot
oftic'.'r
wns
aiigol i)ity
built.
ifi
tlio
wolf-, tlio v\ilHiro scrcnnied afir
slmiinnl
wns enclosed by
In 1751),
it
^Sir William Johnson.
of"
i)nlliisndcs,
is
not
authority to prove the charge.
1813,
In 1G79,
De
SalU-,
1725, the Fort
Stak's.
known
to be
In iVM\,
On
was again taken by the
the
any existing
it
lOlh
Brilish,
was surrenDecember,
by surpricc
:
the Ameriand in March, 1815, again surrendered to
enormity and
This old fort is as much noted for
cans.
it by the nation
crime, as for any good ever derived from
While in the hands of the French, there
occupation.
i^
*l
it
by M.
In
Franco.
N.
sec.
\\m taken by the British, umUr
The cnplure has been nscribed to
treachery, though there
dered \o the United
-,
walks of w:ir."
43 dog. 14
in Intilude
in the i^ervicc
tlif*
in
HHi 1
having been, at times, used as a prison
dungeons, where light was
its close and impregnable
many years after,
not admitted, and where remained, for
instruments for exetraces, and a part of the ready
Hp^^K^^B
cution, or for murder.
n
fl
[j^i
a
T^T^H
^Bt
I^E^i
J
^
i
1
^^I^^B
1
fl
^1 WBHini
K-N
-
^IH
Ml 1
HM
klal
is
no doubt of
;
its
clear
During the American revolution,
all that wns barbarous, unreit was the head-qiiarter of
There, were congregated the leaders
lenting, and cruel.
miscreants,
and chiefs of those bands of murderers and
that carried death
and destruction
into the
remote Ame-
There, civilized Europe revelled with
rican settlements.
America and ladies of education and rclinement
gnvoire
;
distinction
mingled in the society of those whose only
�"f;
JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
Fori Ni.ij^uru
waa
to
215
— Mess-ho Use.
wield
Ihe bloody tomahawk
and «oalping-knife.
Ihore the sauaws of tho forest
wore raised to eminence,
and the most unholy unions
between them and officers
of the
There
h.ghest
m
rank,
their
smiled
strong
upon
hold
and countenanced.
like
secure y, for seven years,
they
upon the distant settlements
a
on the
quehanna.
It
they pl„„,.ea
teast, until the
ne.t of vultures,
sallied forth
and preyed
Mohawk
I
:;iili
and Sus-
was the depot of their
plunder
there
their forays, and there
they returned to
;
hour of action come again.
Fort Niagara
is in the State of
New York, and stand«
land at the mouth of the
Niagara river. It
a traditionary St ^>ry, that
the
on a point
IS
ot
mess-house, which
very strong building
and the
erected by sti^tagem.
A
M
largest
is
a
the fort was,
in
considerable, though not
power!
body of French troops,
Their force was inferior to
had arrived
at
the point.
the surrounding Indians,
of
whom they were under some
apprehensions.
They obtained consent of the Indians
to build a wigwam,
mduced them, with some of their
an extensive hunt. The materials
officers,
to
and
engage in
had been made ready,
while the Indians, were
absent, the French built.
When the parties returned, at night,
they had advanced
80 far with the work, as to defend
themselves against the
savages, in case of an attack.
In progress of time, it
aiid
bea place of considerable strength.
It had its bastions
ravines ; its ditch and pickets
its curtains and
;
counterscarp ; its covered way, draw
bridge, raking batteries
Its stone towers, laboratory,
and magazine;
came
its
barracks, bakery, and blacksmith
shnn
a chapel with a larg, ancient
dial
r
.r^^
mess-houee,
fo. ^^--^'^--n
ov^r the door,
toTark
III
�JAUNT TO THE WHIRLrOOL.
210
Fort NiajTiira.
Ti wan, indeed, n lilllo oity
the hourly conrBc of the hum.
<,rrente.>t phice soiilh of
of itself, mid for n lonil period iLio
The forlilicalions originMontreal, or west of Albany.
At a few rods
of about eight nerce.
ally covered a npnco
it was
from the harrier gate, was the burying ground
of human life
mutabiUty
filled with memorials of the
large
over the portoh of the entrance was painted, in
nnd
;
i*
;
W'
and emphatic chnracters, the word ''Iir.ST."
generally l)elicvcd, thnt
It is
of the dii^tnnt fort-
f-onio
into slate
resses of France were often converted
'n.
«'
well
as
for
defenfive
been used as such.
called the black hole,
purpo.nes.
eHtnl)li.^h
about Fort Niagara, to
the
The dungeon
was a
i)ri6ons,
was much
There
belief that
had
nicps-house,
of the
strong, dark,,
the room was
it
and dismal
lixed the ap-
and in one corner of
as fell imparatus for strangling such unhai)py wretches
of those days.
der the dif-pleasure of the despotic rulers
l)lacc
The
;
enwalls of this dungeon, from top to bottom, had
names, and mementos in that
upon them French
graved
That the pri^mers were no common persons
was clear, as the letters nnd emblems were chiselled
In .Tune, 1812, when an attack was
out in good style.
expected upon the fort by a superior British
momentarily
language.
force,
a merchant, resident
at
Fort Niagarn, deposited
some valualle articles in this dungeon. He took occahe examined the
sion, one n'.ght, to visit it with a light
;
among hundreds of French names, he
walls, and
Baw his own family name engraved, in large letters.
there,
took no notes, and has no recollection of the other
he intended to repeat his visit,
names and memorials
He
iJ_t.
;
and
to
extend
his
examination,
but other avocations
�JA-JNT TO THE WJIFFU.POOI,
117
^Villiaiii JMorgaii.
tie pity
rniiBod the subjVct to bo ncudectcd
onth
to
ot"
origiii-
mind
arrnir)
In further corrobcration
jw
rods
scenes of guilt ofid
it
was
]8()5,
in
life
;
in large
t
it
dismal
.1
the opfell
nn-
I
irontrlii
cbnnircd.
murder, was the fad that,
to clear out an old sink
f.ul
nec(>ssary
in
at-
about the
stories
fort.
lijjillil
In
was a well of water, but,
having been poisoned by Pome of the former
oecuj)ant8,
in
g-liouse,
not
)t
was
Fort Niagara had witnessed
There were many legendary
bad
it
was
nil
the centre of the mese-houtie
miicli
8
it
when
tached to the me^s-house.
The bones of a fenuile were
found therein, evidently, from the place where
discovered,
the victim of some atrocious crime.
int forll)ri6on-',
became
it
Ilia'
and
;
until of late years,
latter years
the water
wa.s
not
u.;cd
;
arul
it
was a
atory with the soldiers,
imd belivcved by the Mipersitious,
nn'dnight the headless trunk of a French
general
that at
was often seen pitting on the curb of the old well,
where he had been murdered, and his body
tiirown in
and, according to dreamers and money-diggers,
large
officer
;
ise
days,
bad enin tbnt
i
pereoMH
I
chiselled
tack was
British
r
deposited
treasures,
both
in gold and silver,
have been" buried ia
nooks and corners of the old fi)rt. JMany
applications used to be made to the America:!
officers to
dig for money, and persons have been known
to come
from a considerable distance for that purpose.
many
of the
Such
re-
quests were, of course, rcfueed.
Of
late
years, matter
of fact has been more strange
William Morgan was kidnapped from
in Canandaigua
carried in a post coach, undis-
)ok occa-
than romance.
nined the
the
lames, he
covered
;e
letters,
the other
his visit,
wocatioiife
jail
;
and by violence,
for
more than one hundred
miles, through a populous country
the time, unsuspected
;
;
the jjerpetrators, at
was lodged
Fort Niagara, for three or four days
more
seen.
He
was the
last
-n these recesses of oppreeeion
in the magazine at
;
and then was no
hu-maa victim offered up
and
blood.
I
�JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
218
Juliii Ciirroll.
the United States government
In tho summer of 1839,
commenced to rebuild the
and
it ie
stated, thai
fortifications of
will be again
it
Fort Niagara,
put in a rcspcctabltt,
and commanding condition.
JOHN CAllUOLL.
'
\
A
i;0(ir
The
old solflicr
very luuiie iheir loves engage."
In the palmy dnys of Fort Niagara,
ing country
conmienced to be
first
ing officer was in
ways
officers
command-
sovereign,
not
al-
The Lieutenants
ruling with a light or easy hand.
and under
the surround-
settled, tho
respects a petty
all
when
were likewise persons of great conse-
quence, and a very good feeling did not always prevail beurdy,
tween the independent,
but now the show and
tary
;
have
vanished,
and the
man of business fill
first settlers
and the
eclat of military
faiiaer,
the mechanic
their allotted stations,
mili-
command
and the
without rivalship
or annoyance.
From many
of the former residents of Fort Niagara
there might be selected characters, a
whom,
their true nobility,
some
for
will be here noticed,
all
and
afuiy musician.
his
Some
for
their meanness, and others
for peculiarities especially their
of
descriptive notice of
would be interesting to general readers.
own.
But one, however,
rank was no higher than that
�N
.TArXT TO TITR WHIR T. POOL.
210
Jnliii Ciirroll.
Wholhnr he was brother or eouRin to Curroll, the ftimoiw Irish harper, is not known but, lik<. him, he
was
;
of
dcvofed lo
nil fliin<rK
and whiskey.
miif^ic
One morn-
Carroll phiycd the troops, on pnrnde, n vory
Hprii,di{ly
tunc
the comnmndinnr ofliccr threw up his window,
ing',
mid
;
"
called out
" What
"Yon
Carroll,
the devil
old
tunc
wli,-it
ail.s
you,
What
rascal!
that ?"
i^
sir
?" replied Carroll.
tune
that?" the onicer
is
again voeiffrnted.
" Wluit
**
the devil alls yon, sir ?"
Come up
way," was
here, I will learn
a,^
s,)on ai
the rhiine
is
ho oi)cned
day,
(he response.
in that
but was very careful to
the door,
what the devil
" Gj about your
One
was
to an,^wcr nic
next.
Carroll lm.stcnfd to (ho room,
pay,
you
ails
buMn.-.sH,"
*'
Sir, the
name
of
you."
finid
the Major.
when
Carroll hnd been paying his devotions
too freely to B.icchus, in the use of his favorite
beverage,
and staggering on
made a ludicrous figure in
The cominindant gave him q perand threatened him with confinement.
parade,
thc^
playing the retrcit.
sonal rei)rimand,
Carroll
was
not then in
censure patiently, but
rich as a
became
lord.
Ho
felt
first
so
beggarly a state as to bear
as great as his oflicer, and
m
retaliated in words, but shortly
and ungovernable, as to make it nehim and, what was very unusual, he
was conveyed and locked up in the black hole. h\ the
so furious
cessery to confine
;
middle of the night, the most dismal sounds were heard
the place of his confinement
and orders were
given that he should be looked to.
He was found in a
from
piteouB condition
;
;
declaring that he had been visited by
�'^^imm^mmk'
JAUNT TO THE WHIRLPOOL.
220
Jaunt concluded.
all
and
the hobgoblins,
the devils in existence
all
;
that
immediately at his entrance, and had
they came to him
had been confined. He
all the while he
begged that he might be allowed a light, his fife, and
that, by employing himself in some
pen, ink and paper
haunted him
;
vay, he might be able to drive awny the horrid thoughts
His request was
and phantoms that assailed him.
granted.
met
In the morning,
when he was
them
the other musicians, ho produced
he said he had composed during the
}
confinement.
He
called
it
''
latter
released, and
a tune which
TAl
hours of hia
Carroll's thoughts on eter-
nity." Besides this, he composed several marches, waltzpB,
and other pieces many of which possessed considerable
;
merit.
He
died in 1812,
of the epidemic which at that
time prevailed in the army.
The
patchc
lakes
river,
miles,
Ameri
and
tbree
tl
i
�JAUNT TO CANADA,
IN
THE
VICINITY OF
THE
FALLS,' VISIT
.:::!ll
TO
TABLE ROCK, BROCK's MONUMENT
&c.
WITH NOTICES OF
QUEENSTON, FORT GEORGE,
&c.
CANADA.
' Prinrcs and lords may flourish
or may fade
A breath can make them, as a hreatli has
;
made
But a bold peasantry,
When
their country's pride,
once destroyed, can never be supplied
»>
That portion of Upper Canada, designated
in the deepatches of Gon. Brown, as the peninsula
lying between
lakes Ontario and Erie, bounded
east on the Niagara
river, and extending west about
one hundred and fifty
miles, ia
America.
and
the
one of the
The
soil
finest tracts of
is
fertile,
scenery beautiful.
tbree sides with navigable
the
Besides
I
"''
Willi
country in North
climate
being
salubrious,
bounded on
water communication, there
I
�.iMilart;iiiiiij%i.».
i;v
222
JAT^NT
TO CANADA.
Impressions of
also passes over
it
many
state of improvemt!nt
is
is
streams and rivulets.
line
ants, in
New- York, whote
inhabit-
yet considerably in advance of
settlementp, on the western side
The
those of Canada.
The
very respectable: the whole tract
only eciualled by Western
enterprise, are
iravellorri.
of the Niagara river, tooii place during and immediately
after the
war
of the revolution.
except at three points,
On
large tracts of the native forests are
first settlers to
the American side,
commenced much
it
this part of
still
later,
remaining.
and
The
Canada, were from the nor-
then and western borders of Pennsylvania, and New- York;
Butler's rangers; the followers of Sir J. Johnson, and
others,
who
preferred
the paternal government of Great
Biitain to the republican institutions of the people.
The
proximity of the two countries, the same language, and
similarity of pursuits, have so assimilated the inhabitants,
that
a
stranger,
not knowing the
political division,
passing from one to the other, would
still
in
think himeelf
fimong the same people.
was not so with Captain
Canada from the United
It
in
British ground; his chest
fi-ee
— the
air
seemed
Basil Hall,
States,
expanded
when he landed
and trod again on
he breathed more
—
purer; and, seeing a British soldier
near Brock's monument, he hastened towards him, and
embraced him as a brother. It is the reverse with an
American.
When
from home, and
he goes to Canada, he feels himself
experiences a
degree of constraint
which he has not been
buoyant than those of Capt. Hall,
familiar.
to his
which
own
to
With feelings no less
when ready, he returns
shore rejoicing, and grateful for the freedom
hio forefathers
won.
Still,
Amcricane always leave
�'T¥
The
t8.
lole tract
inhnhit-
vancc of
tern side
nodiately
m
can Bide,
titer,
and
The
ig.
the nor-
cw-York;
iHon,
and
of Great
The
)le.
lagc,
'
and
jabitanls,
vision,
k
in
hinieelf
he landed
again on
n
hed more
leh eoldier
him, and
3
8
with an
3traint
^8
^
himself
to
no Ices
le returns
3
freedom
tvays leave
1
��1
JAUNT TO CANADA.
The
'
223
Ferry.
Canada pleased with
the country, and gratified with the
with which they are usually treated. The
eensations that animate both Americans and
Britons in
civility
passing
into a foreign land,
though apparently
dissimilar, yet arise
from the same source— love of country
veneration for long cherished institutions.
— of home,
and
VIEW FROM THE STAIRS.
'*
Hi
And hark the bugrle's mellow strain,
From hill to hill Is ringing
And every zephyr, o'er the plain,
The joyful note is bringing.
The eagle from his eyry darts,
To hear the flying numbers
And echo, in her grotto, starts.
Awakened from her slumbers."
I'lliliji
:i
!
;
o
Li
i^
'
!!l
'
•
i'M!
2
**
3
The party of travellers are at the top of the bank, and
commence the descent of the long flight of stairs, in order
to cross the river.
and enjoy a
fine
They
stop at the foot of the
view of the
Falls,
'
"l,i'
1111
'n
first flight,
and the river below.
The view below extends
.3
ters again
be
.2
about two miles, where the wabreak into billows, and white with foam, seem
to sink into some subterraneous
cavern, as they disappear
behind the projecting cliffs.
'i
'I
.1
I
I
,,i
I'
Inquiry
is
often made,
before the stairs
The
"
How
III.'"''
I
was the bank descended
were built?"
descent was
half a mile further
made by means of the Indian ladder,
down the river, and hero k», oiir,„,„a.
li
19
"If 11
iiiii)
�JAUNT TO CANADA.
224
Perilous descent of the ladder.
to the rocks and sLirube.
ladder,
eighty
feet
against the bank.
The next improvement was n
Last war,
it
perpendicularly
nearly
long, placed
was thrown down.
The
before another
same year that peace was proclaimed, and
gentlemen from
and
ladder was erected, a party of ladies
as it may appear,
Boston, visited the Falls; and, incredible
the bank, at this place, by holding
descended and ascended
fast to the rocks.
observes— " Tbeir curiosity must
to expose themhave been very intense, to induce them
One
of the ladies
much danger."
A traveller replies *' Even the ladder was difficult and
the first time.
dangerous to many who descended it for
passing down the
gentleman once described to me his
selves to 60
—
A
ladder in the following terms:
'
When
company with a
We came to
1808.
visited the Falls, in
It
age.
was
in
I
was a youth,
lad of about
I
my own
the top of the bank,
viewing the great scene from above, we reconmeans of getting
noitered the prospect below, and the
but the view
down. I became very anxious to descend,
and terrific than at present; and I
more wild
and
after
was much
had some slight apprehensions. I
declined.
to accompany me, but he
desired
I
my
companion
had not been used
such wild scenes
climbing or descending ladders, and
and commenwere not familiar. I concluded to venture,
discovered that every step I
I soon
ced to go down.
but down I
descended, I had to hold on still more firmly;
to
got.
I
then threaded
my way
along the rough and
slip-
to the mist and
pery path to the water's edge, and thence
chaotic scene to me; the water
It was a
falling water.
the Fa'ls
poured from above: the mistB rushed over, and
�225
JAUNT TO CANADA.
Perilous descent of the ladder.
buried alone in the deep and rocky
roared.
I
chasm.
I looked up, and saw
felt as if
my
companion, no larger,
Like the
and reported them
apparently, than an infant.
first travellers
visited the Falls,
to be
feet high,
to
me
six
who
hundred
the bank and Falls appeared no less; and
ii
)'i
"hill
then know.
their actual height I did not
glanced at
I
the long ladder standing against the rocks, which
again to ascend, and became oppressed with
thought,
if
once eafe on the upper bank, that
I
had
and
would not
At
soon again be caught in thai horrid place.
I
fear;
length I
started up; I reached the ladder, and began the ascent.
I
looked above; the height appeared almost interminable.
I
my
cast
my
eyes below;
my
head became dizzy.
my
only security to direct
with weak and unsteady
with
my
as
if
from
a heavy load
rising.
On
it
my
went,
my
I
my
to
it
power was gone, or
my
eyes
hazids clinched
successively let go to
as if all
was attached
1
it
touched the ladder
feet
and
When
seemed
the rocks, and exerting
I
steps,
utmost strength.
take another hold,
found
eyes in front, against the
My
black and projecting rocks.
I
'!
arms
still
keep them
to
directed against
strength almost to exhaustion.
reasoned with myself, and endeavored to subdue the
apprehensions that overcame me; I thought of the folly of
my
and that
fears,
to the ladder; and
it
it
required but a slight exertion to hold
tliat
with such death-like
was no necessity of grasping
If it was twenty times
energy.
there
as high, I thought I could ascend
to be less exercised,
but,
if I
it.
At once
had not instantly grasped them with
I shoidd
have
strength
I
attempted
I
and took hold of the rungs carelessly;
fallen to the
was master
bottom; and
of, to
recover
my
it
all
my might,
required
position.
all
I
the
found
I
�•
«
it
226
JAUXT TO CANADA.
Convenience
that I
more
had vainly
Though
hold.
and with more and
and more firmly was I obliged to
flattered myself;
difficulty did I rise,
the ascent,
for travellers.
requiring but about five minutes to
make
appeared to be the labor of half an hour, at
least.
At length I reached the summit, and wilh joy I
once more found myself on level land. I advanced to-
wards
it
my
companion, who was seated on a rock at a
short distance, but, to
office,
my
walking.
I rallied
surprise,
for
vinced that
eflxirt
some minutes
I
my
legs refused their
I barely
succeeded in
myself, and determined to walk erect,
but in spite of every
continued
my
knees bent under me, and
to the contrary,
to give
way; and
had been greatly frightened.
I
my
I
knees
was
con-
afterwards
frequently descended, but never again with such emotions.'
It
was
certainly a hazardous
and particHlnrly
The
public are
for ladies
much
afforded to visiters,
way
of descending the bank,
and pereon. of weak nerves.
indebted for the present conveniences
and
for
nothing more 'than the
differ-
ent staircases."
The guide observes— "It is well thought of by some,
and they are willing to pay for the many accommodations
they receive: others think that these conveniences should
be erected and maintained gratuitously, and complain of
being taxed at every turn."
—
Traveller.
<'It is very unreasonable to expect that
people should go to great expense in providing these ac-
commodations, and
also give their personal attention with-
out reward."
Hji
Guide.— " There is another class, that object to these
conveniences, they are hunting for adventure and hairbreadth eecapesj about the Falls ; they wish, on their
�JAUNT TO CANADA.
Catliii'8
return, to relate the
227
Cuve.
imminent danger they were
in,
or
1
''
'1
Ml
the daring enterprises they
performed."
Traveller.-
"As
Hi'
lo that
matter, there
is
room enough
Let thom go down the bank, where
there are no
they disapprove of them: let them
wander under
yet.
,1!
,1
Ptairs, if
ti
I
Ml
the perpendicular rocks;
pass lo Ingraham's cave; take an
excursion in a boat, and pass from Bath
island to the islandiUying just above the Falls; swim
the Niagara river;
'
or, in a boat, pass to the
rapids
for the wildrst
greater
below.
There is yet room
adventure about Niagara; but after all,
the
portion of
bcenes from safe
mankind
po/sitions.
are fond of eecing
And
the
first
was by Gen. Parkhurst Whitney. He
down the bank, and established the
built
stairs
first
ferry.
Having
arrived at the foot of the stairs, the
very fine
view of the
the party.
which is there presented, is noticed by
Thence they wind around the sloping bank to
Falls,
the landing place; the boat is ready to
receive them; and
they are soon floating over the convulsed
and agitated
waters.
Hoods, India rubbers, oil cloths and umbrellas,
are brought into requisition, to shield
them from the de-
scending mist that gushes away from the falling
stream.
Catlin's Cave, is about a mile below, on
the American
eide.
It
can
19*
onjj^
be
\it:iicd
lini li
1
i"i:
for strangers, are
The stairs that descend the bank were built by
and
belong to Judge Porter.
The ferry also, from the American side, belongs to him: from the British
side it belongs
to Samuel Street, Eyq.
The first boat put on the river
at this place,
''
exciting
the various facilities of
communication, and other conveniences
worth all that is charged for them."
'i
illi
i'
by going along the bottom
n
111
'r'':;iii
!
�JAUNT TO CANADA.
228
Crossing the river.
near the water's
of the perpendicuhir bank, or
Travellers usually employ the ferryman
edge.—
to take then,
in
The cave is about twenty feet in circumference,
about the size of a baker's largo oven: and the entrance
or
When disjust big enough to admit the body of a man.
a boat.
covered,
it
was almost
but they have been
large
filled
all
with beautiful
removed.
qunntities of petrified
Around
Citalactitcs.
the cave arc
moB3, and springs of water
gush out above and at the sides of the cave,
and beautiful manner.
in a peculiar
on the Canada side, a little further
down than Catlin'e. It is about twenty fort from side to
side, is high enough for persons to stand in, and has a
Bender's Cave,
floor of
is
pure white
caves are worth
sand.
visiting,
To
persons of leisure, both
and afford a pleasant excursion.
Before the bridge to Iris island was built, parties used
to visit the lower end with boats, by passing up between
the two sheets of water; some arc
trip, as
still
fond of making the
they advance very close to the Falls, which
is to
many
very iixtt^/esting.
Usually, visitors are greatly delighted with the view of
the Falls which
is
obtained in crossing the ferry.
To-
wards the centre of the river, the mist is dispelled, and
the prospect of the immense body of falling water is unThe whole sublimity
obscured by any intervening object.
of the scene
is
displayed.
Besides
this,
the eddies are
strong, the waters dance round the boat, the boat
itselt
rocks and bounds along, and some of the obtrusive waves
dash over upon the passengers. The ladies become alarmed; but they hardly have time to inquire if there is not
danger, before the dashing of the waves has ceased, the
�—
JAUNT TO CANADA.
229
VilhiKe of Clifton.
boat glides smoothly
edge.
in
lien,
ference,
o- er
subdued and dead swells, and
soon reaches the Canada shore.
The
pasHongers step forth upon the rocks that line the
The mighty
ntrance
shore.
ben
ters before
them, but,
lactilcs.
to be the
only curiosity, and their attention
;ave arc
persons and characters.
dis-
water
)f
peculiar
cataract
if
is
pouring
its
ocean of wa-
they are Americans,
has ceased
it
is
called to
Sentries, in the red and
iiiii
showy
uniform of England, arc paceiiig the rocky shore; or a
portion of the Brifi«h
army may be observed performing
The notes of the
bugle are often hoard in the distance, and sometimes the
martial strains of the full regimental band breaks upon
their evolutions nt the top of the bank.
further
I
side to
id
has a
re,
the traveller's ears.
both
icureion.
lies
used
between
Mill!
VILLAGE OF CLIFTON.
king the
ich is to
This village comprises a
3
view
of
rise of land
above the
ry.
To-
river
lied,
and
un-
The
on the
first
and second
road leading from the
lies directly in front
er is
fine plat
ferry.
iublimity
ddies are
Drummondville passes through the centre.
of the Falls, and commands a
to
view of the
river, of the great cataract,
It
full
and of the Ameri-
can shore.
Clifton House, stands just at the head of the hill from
oat itself
the ferry.
ve waves
The party proceed along the bank of the river until
coming near a house containing a large Camera Obscura,
which beautifully reflects the Falls. To many, it is a
ae alarmre is not
ased, the
new and
pleasing sight, and
is
always wo; th a
visit.
�230
JAUNT TO CANADA.
Tuldc llock.
Procecdirijcr further,
eou
who
Mr. Barnet's museum attracts
their
No
por-
and <hey cnt^r
attention,
niurtuem will rcyict
visits this
ami
trifling cxpL'n.5e;
ted plcan.
and
'
eve his cu^io^itic8.
tc.
all
that have viiiileJ
gratified.
It is
preserved in
neat style.
a very
if
The
living.
and appear as
birds
have depar-
They
with.
The animals and
met
birds are generally those of the country,
as
it,
one of the heat coileoMonH
of birds and animals any where to be
are
the lime or the
eeum not
and look almost
have
to
own
Barnct makes his
manner he performs
work, he
beautiful
He
unexcelled.
is
pares for viditorn, animals or biids to order, or will
them out of
on hand.
his stoek
many other
The j)arty,
mals, there are
worth seeing.
Mr.
fly.
preparnlions; and, for the
his
Lather,
lost a
ready to raise their wings to
if
pre-
sell
to
Besides birds and ani-
curiosities in this
museum,
after 8])ending half an hour
very pleasantly, bend their course towards
Tabb Rock.
TABLE ROCK.
*'
Aiul
still
From
with
soiiiit!
disitiiit
Forllt, forili
from out the dark uhysa,
The ruahiMsj
Although much of
time, within the
jects
some
like liooming peal
tliuiulcr jjivcii,
siicum
driven."
rock has fallen from time to
this
memory
Is
of
many
yet living,
forty or fifty feet over the bank.
consitr^rable
portion of
evidencing that
it
it
still
it
pro-
Through
a
juus a wide and deep fibsure,
will nut be
many
years before the outer
�JAUNT TO CANADA.
TusBing under ihe
lihcct of
231
wuter.
portion will be launched below.
person
who kept
Some years since, the
the winding Btoirs, at Table Rock,
gave
notice that on a cermin day, (it was
on the occasion of
one of the vessels going cynr the Falls,) he
should put a
number of kegs of powder in the fissure of the
rock, and
blow it off. It wns expected that it would
make
mendous
cipal
-'one,
place
a tre-
But the gentleman who owned the prininterest in the privilege, would not
allow it to be
as it would have put an end to
the charm of the
crneh.
—
the visit under the sheet of water.
Traveller.— " If the rock is safe, the gentleman
did
right in preserving it; but if it hangs
jeopardising the life
of human beings, it ought to be blown off."
Guide— " We
are
now on
it,
and you must judge
for
yourselves."
Traveller.— '< It
give
way while we
mny
stand for half a century, or
are tolking about
it.
It
may
has no doubt,
too dangerous a look for a man to think
of building a
residence on, yet, for a Niagara Falls
enthusiast, and I
have both seen and heard of such, it is just the spot."
PASSING UNDER THE SHEET OP WATER.
"
The
The
Near
gliuering stream, the Bprny with rainbow
round,
dizzy height, the roar, the gulf profound."
to
Table Rock, there
uicH^vu, «.v proviucu,
li
'll!
is an establishment at
which
anu gaiaua uirnisDea lo conduct trdv-
','H!
�JAUNT TO CANADA.
232
The
descent.
under the rock, and thence under the ebeet of water.
Several of the party conclude to make the excursion, and
ellerB
The
enter the house.
ladies start
bnck in astoniehment
and dismay, as they see rising up, apparently from a
lower apartment, half a dozen villainous looking characarrayed in canvass jackets, and in India rubber and
necks,
cloth cloaks; some with caps flapped over their
ters,
oil
and others with tarpaulin
t-louchcd hats, a good represen-
tation of Italian banditti; but, as they
seemed
to
be satur-
them,
ated with wet, and the water ran in streams from
it
was no
of the
great elrctch of fancy to imagine
Falls.
chatting gaily;
them demons
come forward, laughing and
and the sweet treble of women's voice,
The
party
mixed with the louder yet well modulated tones of the
set
men, would, at least, have passed them olT as a gay
11
of masqueraders.
An
explanation soon takes place; they
returprove to be a company of ladies and gentlemen just
sheet of water.
ned from under the
comers.
Similar dresses were soon provided for the new
cow-hide shoes, much
The ladies remonstrated about the
articles with which
too big, and other grotesque looking
heartily at
Ihey had to array themselves, and laughed
each others odd and frightful appearance.
They descend
the
stairs,
make
their
way along
the
arch
overhanging
rocky path, and soon enter under the
In front is the sheet of water: below,
of Table Rock.
with foam, and on the
at the left, is the river, white
shore large bodies of rock that have
tumbled from the
winding their way
arch under which the travellers are
thousands of
and above, is the mighty mass divided into
;
fissures,
1
i
i
moand rocks hanging equipoised, ready every
�JAUNT TO CANADA.
233
Termination Rock.
water,
if
ment
to fall and crush those whose
temerity leads them
through that dangerous pass. But, as no
accidents have
happened, visitors may look danger in the face,
and move
and
ion,
liebment
from a
cheerily along,
cliarae-
and
)ber
They soon
rocks become slippery,
necke,
r
not troubling
turbing tl'jughts.
themselves with any
arrive
dis-
the mist, the
in
but (he guide directs and lends
his assistance, aesuring
them
that there
is
uo danger.
•epreeen-
"
be eatur-
m
them,
The
and
'b
them,
voice,
38
of the
guards, very few escape being drenched to the
skin.
retur-
tst
it
is
of the deafening sound.
comers.
,'
fearful glance around,
much
les,
th which
eartily at
main
ilong the
arch
below,
r:
d
on the
from the
leir
way
;
jueands of
3verv
mo-
Some
just look
and cast a
in,
and then hurry away
;
others re-
an hour, or more, seemingly enjoying the
scene.
Visitors usually go only to Termination
for half
terrific
Rock, but
It
;ing
At
announced that they have arrived at Termination Rock.
There they stand and gaze upon the
wonders of the place, until the eye becomes weary with
seeing the white and mingling waters, and the ear tired
they
ice;
water, driven by the force of the wind, pours
over
and in spite of India rubber and water-proof
length,
gay set
,
groping through the dark recess, we find
81
ncs of wonder, to ummc the mind."
New
demons
[inig
Slill
is
it is
possible to advance 35 feet further.
considered one of the adventures which Niagara
60 prolificly affords, to
go under Table Rock.
And
the
proprietor furnishes a certificate, at a certain price, to
those
who perform
the exploit.
vieited
the Falls, a few years
dollars,
that
for
sum
being
double
A
German
prince,
ago, offered to pay
all
who
two
the amount demanded,
a paper certifying that he had gone further under the
any other man. The keeper would not take
Falls than
no KriKo
Kll+ naTto
\r\{r\%
U^
«_J; — __-.
i.;ii__^_
�—
msmm:r
JAUNT TO CANADA.
234
(ioing over the
Having
sumed
enfely returned to the top of the rock,
their colloquy
observes
Fall!4.
—
with the
and
re-
guide, one o( the party
" It would be a dreadful sight to behold a boat, in
which there were human beings, coming down the rapids
and going over the Falls."
Guide.
all
— "That
sight has never been witnessed; in
were
lost
been
the boats have
have occured,
the cases that
capsized,
and the persons thrown out in the rapids, and
the eyes of those
to
before they reached the
Falls
;
who
and
stood on the shore
it is
generally
sup-
posed that they perish before they pass over.
GOING OVER THE PALLS.
•'
What thoughts
li'i J
are theirs, who, in the wat'ry deep,
For a short space cling to some hope forlorn,
And tug for one more moment of sweet life
For precious and desired life?"
In 1810, a large boat, loaded with upwards of 200
barrels of salt,
was
sailing
The wind was very
up the
laden, the swell rolled over
masL at
first
ffoated.
her,
and
from Schlosser.
being too deeply
on board,
The
seized the
;
sunk.
she
projected out of the water, to
the crew secured themselves
three
river,
high, and the boat
another,
there being but
steering oar,
place where the
boat
The
which two of
sunk,
on which he
was
at the
�JAUNT TO CANADA.
(ioiii;,'
over
upper end of Navy Islnnd.
235
llic Fjills.
It
wa^ driven along by the
(Hi:
force of the current, the boat touching
the bottom, and,
na
it
passed down, sinking deeper and deeper.
the swells rolled over those
who were on
At
length,
the mast,
and
times they would sink from sight, and then,
where the
river was not so deep, would again rise.
Ojie let go his
hold, and made for the shore, but soon sunk;
the other
continued his hold upon the mast, until lost sight
at
,|.i:
of.
Both of them, without doubt, went over the
'l*!liii^
The
Falls.
'^;:i!^
man who
on
got the steering oar, succeeded in sealing himself
and was drifting down the river.
gentleman,
A
it,
about a mile from Chippewa, observing him, ran his horse
to that village, drove some men in a boat, and
jumping
in himself, put out, lifted the exhausted and helpless
with
difficulty
from the
oar,
and brought him
In their humane exertions to save the
shore.
life
fellow being, they got so far in the current, as to
very near going over the Falls them
The
el /es.
gentleman who was the means of eaving
the talented and well known Doct. John
this
J.
man
safe to the
of a
.
.11
come
spirited
man, was
!
ii
I
It
LafTerty, of
fSI
Upi)or Canada.
The occurrence
of persona passing over the Falls is so
frequent, that but a small part of the cases can be enu-
merated.
above,
It
being fo very dangerous
for a
long distance
might be 8up|)osed that people would be more
but they seem to be heedless of the risk, and rush
it
careful;
with imprudence upon the impetuous and deceiving waters.
In 1820, two men were so neglectful of themselves,
as to
the
fall
bow
mouth of Chippewa creek,
was not fastened. It
stream, and was seen to capsize in
asleep in a boat, at the
of which lay on shore, but
was carried out
in the
�Caiiiil
Ihe
1.1
\
JAUNT TO CANADA
236
rapids,
when
the
lio.it iiiciilon;.
mon were
For the
ihrowii out.
year has parsed without
space of thirty years, hardly a
over the Falls.
hearintr of one or more persons going
CANAL BOAT INCIDENT.
" Destruction moves on yon dorfccndins wave,
A sccaiiii;^ iiuracleuloiie can suve."
Besides the
many
fatal
accidents that have
narrow escapes.
there have been a great many
however, will be mentioned here.
up the
canal boat, in Js32, was going
A
Chippewa.
When two
Only one,
river,
from
miles up, the lowing line broke.
below; one of the hands drove a
The captain was Bick
horse that was on board into
m
happened,
the water,
and he swam
overboard, and reached the
ashore; the man, also, jumped
on board no
Besides the captain, there was left
land.
boat, but a boy.
other person belonging to the
a woman.
sengers, there were two men and
A
Of
trip
pas-
over
blowing
The wind was
the Falls appeared inevitable.
the ready presence of mind
freshly across the river, and
that some of the bed clothes
of the woman suggested
No time was lost, and
should be got, and a sail erected.
to court the propitious bre?ze.
an old quilt was eoon hoisted
They made way
over, but
much
faster
down.
It
was
in
pleasant day, their situation
the forenoon of a fine and
put out to their
was noticed from both sides, and boats
�h
JAUNT TO CANADA.
Canal
ho;
t
237
iticiileiit.
ror the
without
The
relief.
perrons were taken off just before reaching
the rapids.
A
navigation.
3.
The
dog only wan
left to
pursue the perilous
down near the American
The dog remained on deck
boat passed
shore, north of Iris island.
"iiilii
until she entered Ihc rnpido;
and then, as she struck, and
heaved, and bounded over the rocks, he would run below,
look out of the cabin door, then jump on deck, and cast
his eyes
upon the water, doing as much as any
in such a situation.
Niagara
ppened,
one,
Illy
To
sailor
could
the inhabitants of the village of
came suddenly and unexpectedly
hurrying along the rapids. It was not known to them
whether there wore any ])ersons on board or not. It was
Falls,
the season
the boat
when
M'il
the cholera prevailed at Chippewa, Buf-
Tonawanda, and through the whole course of the
Erie canal. It was common, at many places, when infected persons were foimd to be on board of vessels or
falo,
from
31-,
broke,
3
drove a
swam
le
ched the
)oard no
Of
pas-
over
rip
blowing
of
mind
clothes
lost,
and
8 bre?ze.
t
was
in
situation
boats, to cause the craft to be anchored out in the stream.
{
was the general impression that this was an infected
boat, and that it was probable that there were
several
i\
It
miserable wretches below.
and the
filthy
old quilt
hanging out,
boat, confirm-
ed the impression.
tors the scene
The
and dismal appearance of the
was
With
these opinions, to the specta-
painfully interesting, ps the boat groaned
and drove along, every moment expecting that it would he
broken to pieces. It however made a lodgment on the
rocks, just above the bridge that leads to the island;
and a
brave African dashed into the water with a rope,
and
secured it to the shore.
The boat was not bndly damaged,
and was afterwards hauled out and transported half
a
by land, repaired, and agam Inunched ujjon the water.
The
building standing on Table Rock,
is for
nn'le
the pur-
if \i
�JAUNT TO CANADA.
238
Concert House.
poae of forcing water to the village,
or, ns it
was
called,
the City of the Fnlls.
The first house on the hill, after passing Mr. Bnrnct's
museum, is colled the Concert House. ]t was erected for
the double purpose of being used as a bath house and for
In the summer of 1838, it was
concerts and assemblies.
a barracks for eoldiers; and a beautiful display of white
canvas tenls along the green bank, which were occupied
by the forty-third regiment, added considerably to the
scenery about the Falls.
These troops had every week a
making a handsome sight, exceedingly novel
and interesting to American visitors.
" Having passed over all the great views, it
Guide.
which they prefer,
is customary to inquire of travellers
eham
fight,
—
—
the American
views of tbe Falls, or the Canadian ?"
Traveller.—"
perceive that
I
it is
true, there
is
in
Can-
ada one grand unvaried view, which surpasses any single
view on the American
side;
but there
is
not that variety,
that enchanting shifting of the scene, that occurs as
wc
American shore and islands.'*
While the party are yet lingering around Table Rock,
sometimes gazing on the Falls, making inquiries, and despass along on the
canting upon the surrounding scenery, several objects are
brought
The
to their notice.
island just above the Falls,
with the water,
called
is
Long
and lying nearly
island.
level
By damming
the
water from the side next the main shore, a slight injury
done
to the prospect.
The
hugs
is
half a mile above the Falls,
island about
in close to
the
shore,
branch of Vne Niagara passes,
Bometimca Cynthia
island.
which
and around which a small
is called Round island, and
�JAUNT TO CANADA.
Haiiiuel htrcct, Ksq.
called,
3
Barnct'a
Dcted for
and
1
of white
occupied
to the
/
week
r
n
novel
;ly
the
hill,
trees, below the
which arc seen at
the residence of Samuel Street,
and beyond the
the side of the river,
is
in
milla
Epq. on American gentleman, long resident
for
wns
S, it
— Co!, (lark.
The dwelling house emhowcred
brow of
239
The house
just
on
discernible
the
in
hill
Canada.
beyond Mr.
was the residence of Col. Thomas Clark, now
dcceaped, and long the partner of Mr. Street.
He was
a Scotchman, and represented in himself an excellent
Street's,
specimen nf Scotch nationality.
strong and hardy as his
own
In his youth, he was as
mountains.
native
At an
early period, he performed the extraordinary feat of walk-
ing from the Falls of the Genesee river to Black Rock,
news,
it
y prefer,
in
Cnn-
ly single
variety,
:b
88
wo
on the Niagara,
Rock,
He
one day.
He was
a
man
of great capacity
When
exact and regular.
in
company with
started
a little before
"
business, and
in
travelling, a
few years
the author, although he
millions, the Colonel
pocket
le
in
and arrived at Black Rock before nine at night,
having travelled the whole distance on an Indian path.
sunrise,
memorandum
was observed
very
since,
was then worth
make an
to
entry in a
book; and he remarked at the time,
and des-
have never spent a sixpence without making a regular
entry and account of it, and I do so still." He left a great
jects ore
estate to three already wealthy
I
and Canada, (where
irly level
Tiing the
injury
is
which
a email
nnd, and
sisters in Scotland,
had been made,) was
for-
gotten in his will.
At
the upper end of
Bridgewater.
mills,
3,
maiden
his wealth
There
and quite a
Round
island, is the place called
was once on
this
spot
extensive
The works had been
and much labor bestowed upon
little village.
erected at great expense,
bank to prevent slides; but during the last war, the
hand of destruction was stretched over the rising prospects
20*
the
�240
JATTNT TO CANADA.
liurniMK Sprint;.
of lhci)lno.*, nnd the mills and mont of iUo houses of the
were
village
nnd almost
but the burning
river
is
Since
hiirnt.
Ihrii,
There
forjTotlen.
Of
Rprinfr.
has heen almndoiied,
il
now
in
nolhing
Inte yeaiP, the
infere.slinj;,
water of the
When
eo hi^h an to cover the ppring.
it
is
state to collect the gas, travellers very griicrnlly go to
Two
miles fr(un
the Falls,
is
Chippewa, a
in a
it.
village of
considerable con8;;qnrnce, and more noted from
its
con-
tiguity to the great battle which took place in 1814.
waa fought
juf-t
above the town, and the ground
undietit.guifihnble in
In
fiures.
the
any
way
except by
winter of 1837
—
8,
Bcene of action of JMcNabb's forces.
batteries,
whence
shells
fields
is
It
now
and enelo-
Chippewa was the
There they erected
nnd rockets were thrown on Navy
island.
The
party
now
pass from
conclude to remain
for
the Clifton House;
and
Tj.ble
some time
al
in
Rock,
and
if
they
Canada, they go
their leisure visit
to
Drummond-
— go to the \\
on the British
which
— Brock's monument nnd Queenston, eight
miles — Niagara and Fort George, fourteen miles.
If
ville
jirlpool
four miles
n
-
side,
is
to
they conclude to return to the American shore, they take
" new route back, by rising the hill nenr
where stood the
Tavilion,
round
and thenco
to the ferrv.
pass
on
to
Drummondville, and
�JAUNT TO CANADA.
t'iiy
241
of the Fulls.
THE CITY OF THE FALLS.
The
propnrljr
of William
four biuulrcfl ncrcs of land,
Forpyth,
and lying
comprising nboiit
in the
immediate
vicinity of the Falla,
was purchased eome years since by
Thomas Clark, Samuel Street, and a numb-r of other
gentlemen.
streets,
An
The grounds
v/cre laid out into squares
suitably fur the
accommodation of a large city.
was talked of, in which foreigners
be allowed some special privileges, and meaoures
act of incorporation
were
to
im
and
were taken
for
'\m
the encouragement of those disposed to
purchase and build.
Some sales were made. For a while
the prospect was favorable, and several advantages
were
offered to induce people to make investments; and
more
would have done
so, but the proprietors becoming lax
in
improvements stopped, and the place has
been stationary for some years. As it is n commanding
their measures,
situation, on a dry
and pleasant
the finest prospects in the world,
soil,
it
and enjoys eome of
only requires the en-
couragement which the proprietors can well afford, to
have it go ahead at any time they may think proper to
determine.
It has around it a flourishing country,
thickly
populated by wealthy freeholders, whoso farms ore
in a
high state of cultivation.
m
�—
242
JAUNT TO CANADA.
Druiuinonilvillr:.
.'...
.^-^,
.id'
DRCMMOXDVILLE.
'*
Wlint boots
The
rrpenfed talc of
llic ofi
feast of vultures,
strife,
and the waste of life "
This flourishing village sfnnds on ihc ground on which
the mis-named battle of Bridgevvatcr took place.
more properly known
as the battle of
It
is
Lundy's Lane.
After the battle, the American dead were thrown into n
N'lf'
k
heap and burnt
woundc'd
— and
who were
were stayed
in
the
Indians carried some of the
same fate, but
inhuman conduct by the exertions
yet alive to share the
their
of the British soldiers.
Of
one,
it
is
related, that seeing
an Indian dragg'ng a wounded American
who was begging
threw
his
for his life,
to the flames,
he dcdpatched the Indian,
body into the heap, and saved the American.
This was the greatest battle which took place on the
frontier.
The
report of the
cannon was heard
for
the dis-
tance of a hundred miles, and, to persons within four or
five
miles,
the incessant dischar o of fire-anns sounded
like the continuous roll of a
was not heard amid
The roar of
human combat.
drum.
this din of
the Falls
�JAUNT TO CANADA.
248
(joneral Urock'd IMonuinnit.
iiitii
BROCK
S
MONUMFNT.
* Away, away, earth's pageai. ry,
Her ifiehtest genia are dim
Anfl glittering wealth, and power and
;
How
Brock
fihort
Monument
distance south of
whitish
base
^
worthless
is
t*
now
stands on
tiifi
twenty
built of a soft
It is
nonntaiu nearby.
tht
foet square, the shaft round,
hundred and twenty-six
feet
was
b
lilt
The
and rises one
from the ground.
nbout eight thousand dollars, and
of tb? Provincial "'ovexnnicnt.
1
me,
Q'eenston heights, a
vil'age.
me, taken out of
f
to liim."
at the
It cost
expense
It occuuies a bfiaii^ifnl
and
ifii
�244
JAUNT TO CANADA.
Extensive pro9|)crt.
and overlooks Fort Grey, on the Amerbattery erected mainly to cover the
commniidiiif,' bUj,
ican side,
upon
nttack
farniB
low
largo
a
Quecnslon, and the
beyond the opposite
Lewiston, with
lies
its streets
and
roads
beiijlits for
the
east the celebrated
brow of the
the
The
fine.
which passes
Ridge Road.
Thence along
heights, the prospect extends north as far
as the eye can reach, and
On
ern bounds.
Be-
and orchards spread out
before the sjjcctator as a gardrm, and from
to
cultivated
several miles.
acro:-;s
Canada
the
Lake Ontario
side,
beautiful little village
to its north-
the view
equally
is
of St. Davids, distant
a few miles at the west, i)ceps out from under the
but
diverging
hills
;
and
far
beyond, a large
tract of level
country, interspersed with improved farms, but generally
appearing like a dense
Below, and directly
i
forest,
to the shore of the lake.
in front, is the
antique looking village
of Queenston, and the Niagara river, bending
its
serpen-
tine course to the lake, and fornn'ng the
great nations.
can
side,
where
is
rise
boundary of two
At the mouth of the river, on the Ameri-
the fortifications of old Fort Niagara, and
beheld waving in the breeze
banner of
liberty.
On
the ptar spangled
the British side,
Niagara and Fort George, where
is
floats the
the
town of
proud stan-
dard of England.
General Brock did not
ment
is
erected,
but
fall
down
on the spot where the monuthe
hill,
in
a northwesterly
direction, about eighty rods distant, near a cherry tree,
in
the rear of Queenston.
men, cheering them on
He was at the head of his
He was first interred
to action.
in the northeastern bastion of Fort George,
four
and a twenty-
pound American cannon contured with
Hull-, olaced
J
�JAUNT TO CANADA.
Dralnielion of Hrock'n
at his bend.
Alter the
245
IM(.niiinoiit.
monumc.t wna
/itb those of his aid, Col.
built, his remoinB,
McUorinld, were deposited hero
with miieh pomp, on one of the anniversnrica of the battlo
of Qucciiston.
To Americans,
tion
— sorrow
thia
One
fated battle.
conflict, related
fellow citizens
wh)
by an eye witness,
monument
is
hill,
and
as
many
after they
lire in
upon them.
ceased firing, the
tihort
To-
Americana
as could,
For a short period, they
pursuers from the doora and windows; but
ments
A
fcufRcient.
stands a log house.
into the house.
ill-
and bloody
close of the bnttlo, a portion of the
were driven down the
that
fell in
part of that badly dirfcfcd
distance below the
wards the
moinmicnt must cause but one emo-
for their
lircd
crowded
on their
for some moenemy continued to
This yight, with the piteous cries of
who sought to escape the car-
our drowning countrymen,
nage of that day, by endeavoring
to
swim
the Niagara,
makes Brock's monument, to those Americans
who were
eye witnesses of the battle of Quoenston, no object of
veneration.
On
the 17th of April. 1840, an attempt
was made
destroy this memorial of the gallant Brock, by blowing
The
up with gunpowder.
ument were
wall,
act
and
waa
Lett.
was rent from the bottom
it
to the top.
attributed to the noted radical paf
He
to
it
mon-
torn to pieces, stones were Ihrown out of tho
it
neither
observed to those
lay
circular stairs within the
to
,ot,
This
Benjamin
admitted nor denied the charge; but
who
spoke to him about
it,
**
They may
me."
In the August following, a great meeting of the Canadian authorities, of the military and Canadian subjects,
4,*,w>"~
�246
JAUNT TO CANADA.
Town
of Niagara.
'-^1
was held
rebuild
on
at the
An
it.
it,
flag
monument,
means
to devise
to repair,
individual ascended to the top,
though the monument
and
or
fixea a
in a shattered con-
Vi'as
dition.
Contrary to the opinion of
many who had
monument
since the attempt
supposed,
that though shattered,
many
fell,
years, in the
and
it is
now
month
left
was made
it
to
seen Brock's
blow
up;
it
who
might yet stand
tor
of February, 1841, a part of
it
a perfect ruin.
TOWN OF NIAGARA.
This
is
one of the oldest settlement in Canada,
pleasantly situated on the left
bank of the
bounded on the north by Lake Ontario.
river,
vantages that insure prosperity; but
as
was expected.
prising
other
men
places;
Many
it
is
had the
It once
prospect of being an important place, and had
It is
and
all
the ad-
has not advanced
of its most wealthy and enter-
ha^^e carried their business
others appear to have
and resources to
umbered over the
advantages which they enjoyed at home, and suffered
their neighbors to
advance ahead of them.
place of considerable wealth,
and from
its
ol
fine location,
eminence and respectability.
more
it
enterprise
Still
it
is
a
is
evinced,
must eventually
arrive to
�or
MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES.
MEDICINAL VIRTUES OF THE AIR AT NIAGARA
P\VLLS.
may
This
appear startling, though
more than what
is
admitted by
all
it
is
indeed nothing
who have spoken
or
thought on the subject.
While some waters possces properties, the medical virtues of
which are admitted, others
are deleterious.
So with airs; while some are destructive
to
animal
others are ambrosial, grateful, and
invigoris not only a salutary
and exhilarating
quality in the atmosphere of Niagara
Falls, '-ut also superior
life,
That there
ating.
medical virtues,
is
have prevailed here.
the country, no
misty cloud.
believed by many.
When
No
epidemics
the cholera raged through
all
case
Here
occurred within the domain of the
there arc no poisonous vapors
arising
from stagnant pools; no miasma from
marshes or swamps;
but the moisture with which the air
is saturated, is driven
up from the fall of broken n-aters
not raised by the in-
—
fluences of heat or cold, but purified
and buoyant,
away from the clear stream, and we breathe
it,
as
it
is
with ten thousand
great alembic.^
•ss^e, SRu:
21
We
particles, fresh
floats
from nature's
not only see and hear, but
breathe tho Falls.
it
charged
feci,
and
�MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES.
24B
(ieology of Niagara river.
GEOLOGY OF NIAGARA RIVER.
Here
search.
depth,
is
a great fuld
for
geological
and mineral
The rocks in many olaccs arc laid
and many of the most interesting
re-
bare to a great
spots for such
examinations have never yet been visited, owing to the
Slight m)tice8 of the formof getting to them.
ditliculty
ation and character of the rocks
in
this
have been laid before the public, by the
geologists, but
it
iri
not
known
t^iat
neighborhood,
New- York
State
they have devoted
a careful examination. There are known
Mea'iows, and sulphuto be saline waters at the Five Mile
Argillaceous
rous and gas springs upon the mountain.
much time
to
on the bank of the river; many specimens
instance a largo lump
of lead ore are obtained, and in one
Common ami water
several pounds was picked up.
iron ore is found
of
abundant, and
lime, and building stone are
gypsum
is
also
the
supposed to be plentiful. In a late examination abng
of the bank, where it is exposed for
river, at a bare part
of the
two hundred feet, there was observed to be in one
width, a dark
lower strata of the rocks, of several feet in
It may be neither;
Btrcak, much resembling lead or coal.
of the
but the careful examination along the borders
will undoubtedly lead to
some
interesting results.
river,
�MISCELLANEOT'S NOTICES.
Mmeral
249
spociiiims.
MINERAL SrECIMENS.
eral re-
a great
Large quantities of beautiful fipecimens have often been
found, or broken out of the rocks, around the Falls. Many
of them arc olfored for tale to visitors.
Some of them are
very valuable.
e forra-
Niagara Ftdla has also become a mart for canes and Indian curiosities; moccasins, worked with beads and porcupine quills; Indian work pockets, needle cases, war clubs,
)orhood,
bark canoeSj maple sugar in fancy boxes ornamented with
or such
to the
f
k Slate
quills, &,c.
devoted
known
eulphii-
illaceous
JOHN DOWNING, AND THE WHIRLPOOL.
lecimens
go lump
**
He lives from out the wliirlpool's depths,
From out a wat'ry grave !"
!
d
wnler
ni is
also
bug
the
This
is
not the celebrated Jack Downing, but
may
be
10
of the
a remote relative of the family; however, he performed
a voyage which the navigator of the Two Follies would
1,
a dark
hardly
)08ed for
neither;
he
river,
attempt.
was cutting cedar
In 1811, Mr.
Downing, with
others,
posts at the Whirlpool, on the British
Fort George. Th.oy were made into
small raft«, and set adrift where the current passes out
Bide, for palisades at
from the Whirlpool, and were afterwards picked up in the
m^r between Queenston and the Fort. While he waa
nxing soitisihing on one of the
rafts,
the end lying on the
m
�IMISCELLAVEOUS NOTICES.
250
Dcall'i
Bbore,
it
flipped into
could help him, he
the
ofDoci.
wntcr, niul before his compniiiona
llir
wnH
Iliiiiycrroril.
Slowly
cnrricd out of (heir rench.
receded from Ihe nhore,
rnfl
])nfising
up the sfrenm.
It
remniiied in Ihe Whirlpool nnd eddies, for nenrly hiilf ndfiy,
but wiiR not drnwii into \hc
Ihe
thrown
\vn:s
rnfl
him
renehiMl out to
nnd e8cnp(>d from
times.
n
long
wna
linu;
re hi'
lenglh,
on which
pol;',
JNIr.
D. seized
cnrricd round with his rnft Bcvcnty
ho wn.^ on the outer circle of n whirl-
pool whicli des!cend!:d to
Tlu
At
priricipnl vorlex.
near the shore, Ihnt his compniiiona
his perilous, situntion.
113 pnid that he
A\ one
t-o
th:'
thought he eliould
!)(>
c'Mitre nt IvnM
thirty feet.
engulphed, nnd he consid-
ered d:'nth as eertnin, in an instant; but very fortunately,
his raiY
nnd singularly,
carried
it
in n
within n few
was Firurk wilU a current which
contrary direction, and iuinlly brought
it
to
feet of the bhorc.
DEATH OF DOCT. IIUXGERFORD.
"OIkIchiIi! plern tyrnnt of our
III
flectins;
hours,
tlionsMiiil slitipes ilioii trifk'st lliiiie aiuic
V<)u;li, uiaiiliooil. asiP, are all alike to tlire
Creation
IjcikIs Ijciiealli
Mnny narrow
powers
;
;
thy s:crn decree."
eacnpcs, nnd runny end
and serious
dents hnve occurred nround the Falls; but at length
become the pninful duty of the nnnnlist to record
dent of n
ery
i
li
new nnd
of these
visitors
fatal charncter.
Since the
profoundly interesting yet
first
fearful
acciit
has
nil inci-
discov-
scenes,
have with impunity rambled above and bcnouth
�MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES.
251
Dcailj of Doct. llungcrford.
the overhanging rocks; and though the danger was
evident to the eye, no accident had happened, no event
had
taken place to warn Ihem of the hazard to wliich they
were exposed.
About ten o'clock
in the forenoon of the twenty-seventh
Doctor IJungerford, of Troy, N. Y. with
Mr. Nile, of Columbus, O. and Mr. Lindecy, their guide,
were viewing the river and Falls, near Ingrahani's cave,
of
May,
18:^!),
below the point of Iris island. Doct. Ilungerford was
standing between the guide and Mr. Nile.
After looking
awhile upon the eccne, the guide concluded that all had
been seen at that point interesting to the travellers, and
remarked that they would now go to another place. At
that instant, he
stones;
all
saw
the air fdled with earth and falling
endeavored
to
spring aside.
Doct. Ilungerford
Mr. Lindsey immediately raised him, and, with the
assistance of Mr. Nile, bore him to a more secure place.
They were not at liret aM'are of the fatal injury he had
fell.
The
received.
rocks had struck
him on the back of the
head, and on hie neck and shoulders.
He
breathed but a
few times, and expired without a groan or the least convulsive motion.
Mr. Lindsey, too, received several severe
contusions,
and had
not notice his
own
his coat
and pantaloons
bruises until
some time
torn, but did
after.
About half an hour before, the party had been standing
on the edge of the bank immediately above the spot where
Doct. Hungerford
engaged
met
his death.
While
in taking notes of the scene in his
book; and, the last words he wrote were
**
I fear not, I
The
21*
there, he
—
dread not. though cataracts oppose,
rocks that support nie
I'll
feud us
my
was
memorandum
foes."
�MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES.
252
An
nrlvcntiiro iiiiioni; Uio UapiilH.
It is not vvi>iul('rfiil tbnt this find
happened
hut centuries
;
may
roll
nccidont bIiouUI have
awny, nnd thousands
in
and tens of tlioupands of inchvidunls pass and repass
melaneholy
safely, as they htive done, hcfore sueh unolher
disabter
is
n-rain witiu's-ied.
AN AUVENTLIIE
"
A3I0N(J
Tic colIoctoJ
No more niii;./.iMiioiit
;
tell
THE
JIAPIDS.
-,
yoiir pitcouH
hc.-irt
There's no liarmdone."
hapthe twenty-fifth of July, 1830, an occurrence
drauialic elli'ct, and of much
at the Fnll8, of Sfcat
On
pened
those
anxiety and inlereet to the actors, as well as to
who
were lookers on.
The
trrcat
rapids
which pass down the American
between the main shore and among the
islandi?,
side,
that lead
with astondirectly to the Falls, have ever been beheld
bridge which spans this
ishment and awe. Upon the
impetuous stream, two men were at work, Myron Chapin
in the
and Wdlinm Murray. A plank accidentally fell
water on the upper side of the bridge; Chapin was struck
rune
by one end, and thrown in. To say the water here
like a
conveys but a slight idea of its raging
Murray misbed his companion, but while he
mill-race,
violence.
was
for
a
moment wondering
in his
mind
at his
sudden
bridge,
disappearance, he cast his eyes over the side of the
water, which wns bearing
Btruggling in the
and Buw him
�MISCKLLANEOUS NOTICES.
253
Cliit|iin in tiic riipidn.
him rapidly
was
the air
poseeesed
The day was
alonf? to Iho ontarncf.
gently undulated by the
refreBhing and bracing powers for
all tlu)8<;
the Niagara alniowphere has bcconu' so
A
number of
great
visitors
A
Budden
(l(,'\v,
"
num
a
ful
in
oil'
the bridge,
It
going over the FuHh!"
and
was
ridge.s,
them a
to
(Quicker than the cry of
fearfid night.
atul
the wordri
FailH,
and
island,
man contending
with the driving tovrcnl, pitching over descending
and rolling hendlong towards the
which
much esteemed.
were aroinul the
were passing on the briduc
several
boaiiliful,
water?, and
dafihiiifr
fell
like a i-liock
'
lire!'
io the ra[)id8,
on the ear,
hurried to witnees a fellow being in Kuch a dread-
all
extremity; to see his agony; his struiigle for
looks of despair on that
terrific
the deep and foaming
abyrs.s.
his
life;
verge; and the j)Iange into
The
eyes of
all,
a.^
they
assembled, became rivctted upon him, as he vainly eon-
tended against the powerful billows whicli were bearing
him along to destrnction, apparently so inevitable. It
was a spectacle of thrilling interest and anxiety to the
beholders.
The raging
waters dnslied resistlcssiy along, and
the Falls roared their hoarae and hollow moan, aa he
forced
over
the dceeending
neared him to his
his
downward
might reach
A
fiite.
steps,
It
rny of hope
was
moment
left
of
arose that he
was evident
for that isolated spot.
A
that he was struggling
moment more and he will reach
the island, or pass on to that
moment
every
small island lay at the
course, and a
it.
and
terrific
plunge
—
it
was a
of suspense, in which the fate of a fellow being
would be determined
for life or death.
He
gained
it
—
he rose from the water, and stood forth aa one escaped
from destruction,
This
isle
is
about twenty feet wide
�254
MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES.
C'liapin
and about thirty
reacheH an
and
feet long,
the sheet of fnlhiig water: a
between
is
eight or ten rods above
fiiimll
bul (h-ep channel runs
and the next island; the
it
before pressed upon
many
among
isliiiid.
its turf,
or trod
foot of
upon
man had
never
rocks.
Tho'
its
iiad dared to venture in the nuist dangerous places
the rapidi, yet this island had remained unvisitcd,
and was considered
There, on that lonely
inaccessible.
cut off from his fellow men; what could be done for
(spol,
his relief?
An
hour or more intervened; a
Canada; but who was
Joel
tion.
this
work
llobinson,
11.
as a
moat
skilful
written of him six
lately
met with an
his hand, had
wound was
to
been
boat was got from
sjjoken of in another
})art
of
waterman, and which had been
months before
this occurrence,
had
His thund), and a part of
accident.
by a circular saw, and the
tnk(>n off
yet in an unsound
t-tate.
words which had been spoken of him
going over the Whirlpool in a
He was
and he
related to him;
disaster hastily
snuill
attempt that dangerous luiviga-
life
found, the
true tho
jiroved
in relation
boat:
"He
to his
will not
hesitate to attempt it."
He
enters the boat at the lower end of Bath island;
examines with a careful eye the oars and the condition of
the row-locks, and seating himself in the usual position,
with his back to the
prov.' of
the boat, he shoves off into
He
the white and foaming waters.
bends his way against
the strong current around tho ieland to the
corner, leading
to the
Falls:
it
northwest
descends stern foremost;
the eyes of Robinson are upon the raging stream, on the
Falls, the island,
From
and on him
to
whose
relief
he
is
going.
the time Chapin was precipitated in the water to
�MISCELLANEOUS
255
NOTrCF.S.
Holiiiisnn jrops to his rcsciio.
bis roncbiiifr iho islaiid, a f.vv
It
was not
80 wifli Uobinpon: in
minutcB only
llial fitronj;
IratiHpirocl.
and bounding
flood he (loscondcd slowly.
JIo niad(! true the language
oflbepocl: bo " wantoned with tljo hillowe." At times
be eat composedly in liie boal, but sligblly skimming iho
water;
olhor linuB
nl
h(>
wouhl throw out
When
to wrestle with the driving Biirgep.
ed a pcrp(.ndc\iiar pitch, he would
and
bis oars,
fhained
Thus
to
bin
'
);it
the spot, or
would
a,^
for a
statul
hi« powers,
all
be bad descend-
moment
repose on
spell-hound,
as if
waiting his further bidding.
if
leisurely ho descends, the spectators beholding bis
progress in breathlops solieitude.
The wile of Chapin too,
bad arrived, and her heart beat with interiPO anguish, as
she witnessed the attempt which was making to relieve
ber husband.
At
isle;
length, after about llfteen
to reach
the current prostrates bim;
''
ho
bo nears the
gone!"
js
*'
the force of
tho boat slips from bis hold
and passes on; the aspiration
bolders,
minutes,
ho springs into the water;
it
dies
ho
is
upon the
^,)^t!"
lips
of the be-
In an instant be
rises, j)lunge8 at
the boat, seizes it, bounds into the seat,
looks collectively arouiuJ, deliberately takes the oars, dips
them in tho water, and in a moment more, boat and boat-
man
have
from fight in tho rear of the island.
pni-Tr^ed
Whether be had
him down, was
landed, or whether the current had swept
uncertain.
Not long was the suspense.
minutes he was observed upon tho \u\> of the
highest tree, and severing tho topmost branch, be waved
In
it
r
^v\v
in
the
air;
while the excited multitude answered in
Before Robinson had mounted
loud and repeated cheers.
tho tree,
Chapin
had met and embraced bis debverer
•t|
�MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES.
250
'J'lirir siif«*
rclurn.
After socuring minr hnitichcs of
morinls of the
it-Iaiul,
llic
they eiiibrnk in
docs not tnke the wuno eonrso
l)fick
<n>0H uiul other
[.
mc-
llol)inson
o l>'>nt.
that he rnnic; but ono
obliquely neroHS the river, jn sing through the riuule
divide the
nbove the
that
ib^lnntU
Falls.
It
wan
whole distance.
ward
to
a
Iris
island,
most perilous and
dillleult
nav-
them from view nearly tho
The niuUitudc receive them with exul-
igation: but the inlands
ting cheert! on
north of
lie
t
and just
hid
Iris ihlaiul;
embrace her
to the assembly the
wife of Chapin rushes for-
tli;^
re.-(;ue(l
Robinson diKtributes
hui hand;
branches of evergreens which he had
lorn from tho island; a spontaneous collection
is
made
for
him, and he and Cbai)in being placed in the boat, they
are triumphantly carried on the shoulders of the i)Cople
across the bridge to the
in
mam
shore;
danger and imminent hazard of
hilarity
The
and
it^land
is
concluded in
on which Chapin landed has, by gen-
eral consent, received the
name
next island lying southwest of
known by
having visited
lewski,
life,
joy.
small
long been
and what was begun
who
it
the
of Chapin's island.
it,
name
in JH.*??, in
and which
larger, has
of Robinson's island, he
company with Capt. Kowa-
planted the Tolisih Hag on
point above the Falls.
is
Tho
its
extreme western
�MISr K !.t A N EOU8 NOTK; KH
CliroiK
'ogifiil
257
I'iil)!'
CHKONOLO(JICAL TAULE.
First nufliftitic notir'' of
tlip I'mIIs.
107H. Tlify won' visilcl In TiUlicr llnmrpiii.
1079. Stockade Fort built hy iJc lii Halle, on Ihr, present site of Fort
Niajrar't.
1711. Fiarliest dale foiiMd on tlie rocks at Ihe Falls.
pari of ilie Tusearora trilie of Indians etnigrated from
1712.
rarolina.
171-2. Inirli'-sl date found on the iri-es on Iris Island.
17 J!). Hatlle of the Devil's Hole.
Fort NiaLMra taken from tho
French. French N'esseis hurnt at IJuriil Ship Creek.
1770. f:o:iis pl.ice.l oil iris Island, hy Mr. Siednian, an lOiifjlishnuui.
shoi'k of an eanlKinake at N'iaiiara I'^ills.
17!r>.
I'ort Mairara
''Miveied up to the Ainencans.
The IJritisli
inhalii!ants n.tvc to ("iinada.
At this time there was hut
A
A
one white fauiilv e\<'liisive of those at Fort Niagara and
Sildosser, in the territory that now forms the county of
,
IS'itiyara-
1801. Vlllatre of I,ewi>!oM surveye out.
18Uj. 'J'Jie mile reserve, a strip of one mile ulonii Hie Niiiirara river,
from l-'iiri i\'ia<,'ara to Hiitfilo, sold hy the Slate of Xew^'ork, at ii puhlic sale, at Alliany.
Ai'mustus I'orier, FiSi].
peules lie ir the I'alN, and lays out ^laneliester, aficrwarda
iNia!j:ara Falls \illatre.
1^10. IMr. Valeniiiie and aiiother person mi over the Falls,
.loliii Dowtiiii;,' dnt'is out in Ihe Wliirlpool, and gcta out safoi
IHIl.
ISl'i. Oclolier J"}. IJallle of t^eeiiston.
I
IHi:}.
May
IJalllc
-27.
of
P'ort (ieorire.
HattleofSionyCreek.
.Iune24. IJattle of IJe.iVer Dams.
.Inne.i.
1!). Tiie British lake l-'ort Niasrara hy surprise, burn all
the frontier villag'-s, and lay waste and depopulate tiie
JJec.
country.
1814. July
.Inly
(I.
IJaltle
'2,3.
of Chippewa.
of hiindy's Lane.
IJattle
1817. First liridtre hiiili lo Iris Island, and was the next winter cnrried off ity the ice
1818. Second hridire to tiie Island, huilt lower down than the first.
|)orti()ii of 'ra!)le Uock falls, with much noise.
Uen. P.
Whiiney luiilils the first stairs down the bank, establishes
the first ferry.
IS'20.
men, in a scow, sro over the Fallsi.
182-2.
men, from (jlran<l island, go over the Falls.
1825. William Chambers and another man, in a canoe, go over tho
Falls.
Cave discovered by Mr. Catlin, which bears his
A
Two
Two
name.
i
�f
MISCELLANEOUS
258
lJhr()noloj,'i('.iI
1827.
A
vcssrl,
ovrr
(viIIp
I
Tahlr.
iMuliiguii, will)
ilic
iiniiiiiilH
hoard,
uii
is
sent
Fulls.
llic
Uock
1828. Aiioitipr poriioii of Tulilo
isrvpr.il lAt'/c pioi'ps
of
Fall.
1829. lliddl*' Siairciisc Imilt.
llif
fulh; and
roik
in
I
lie
coiiiposiiitj llic
Srliooiicr
Superior
same
year,
Horse .Shoe
over
scri(
tlio
luicc tVoin a plalforia erected
helow the hank. Aiioilier jiari of Tahle Kock falls.
June 10. I'raiiciH Ahlioli drowiieil while halliii)<r.
canal ho it dril's a<•ro.s:^ the river. ('Iiolera prevails through
the comi ry no c'lsrs ai Xiajrara i"'alls v.llaye.
July I.'). .Mr. IJeny il.ll White and .Mr. Cieorgc Sims first
eater Inirrahani's L'ave.
IMay Jl». A man \v;Mit over the Falh.
(jireal speculaiion in r>'al estate.
Two men in a skirt', 20 over
the Falls. Carstirsi comnienre running on the IJii'falo and
Alexander L'oes over the hank.
Niagara Falls raiiroad.
Cars commence running; on the liockpon and Niatrara Fall.<»
and liewision railroads. Dec. "i'J. rtieandjoat Caroline cut
out from Schtosser, and l.urnt.
Dec. 11. C^ajitain Islier, al .Sireel's Point, assassinated.
Fch. ID. Pavilion Hotel hnrnt. .May 'i? Doctor llnngerford,
of Troy, killed ne ir in;iraliam'.s (^ave, hy some falling
rocks, wli Isl viewing the Falls. .Inly 2.). Itohinson resr»ept. Episi;oi)al Church
cued Chapii from the islaml.
burnt ne;ir Chi]ip"\va, hy incendiaries.
April 17. Urock's iMouunAMU hlowu up hy incendiaries.
I'^ills.
18;]2.
NpTICEri.
!S;iiii,
jiiiiips
I'alcli
A
;
1834.
18.3.').
1830.
i
1637.
18.18.
Ic31).
1840.
DISTANCES.
From
the Cataract Hotel and Engle Tavern to the
top
Thence
oi"
the bank at the ferry,
to the water,
The river, at the ferry,
From the water's edge
is
in
width,
f
*
V
to the Clifton
100 rods.
....
to the top of the
25
'*
56
**
bank, in
96
Canada,
Thence
....
........
House,
"
10
"
1
�(/.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Organization
Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map).
Faxon & Read
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1841
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1841
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This map depicts the downtown area of Saratoga Springs as it was in 1841 as the area was becoming a tourist destination. Streets with original street names are included, and one can see that the city plan has changed since 1841. On the bottom of the map there is a list of references that correspond with points on the map that act as a guide to travelers that includes springs, hotels, and other points of interest.
The map lithography is by Hall & Mooney.
The train pulls into the station. Passengers eagerly await the opportunity to take the restorative waters they have heard so much about. Which hotel should they select? How should they go about drinking the waters? With Samuel De Veaux’s The Traveller's own book to Saratoga Springs, Niagara Falls, and Canada in hand, a traveler to the Saratoga Springs of 1841 would have these answers, and would be prepared to partake in what the village had to offer. Also describing Niagara Falls and Canada, half of the book is devoted to the springs and hotels in Saratoga Springs.
The map shows the village’s downtown area.[1] While it looks like a simple black and white map at first glance, it gives us valuable information on how Saratoga Springs was developing in this period. The development of Broadway as the main street was no accident; it connects Walton and High Rock Spring [Letters Z and Y] at the top of the map with Washington Spring [Letter K] at the bottom, and passes many other mineral springs in between. Hotels, bath houses, and the railroad depot were built along Broadway to be in close proximity to the mineral springs. Using the Reference list at the bottom of the map as a guide [Detail 1], the user could explore Saratoga Springs, from point A [The United States Hotel] to point Z [Walton or Iodine Spring].
Published in Buffalo by Faxon and Reed in 1841, De Veaux's book helped growing numbers of tourists, both in Saratoga Springs and across the nation, discover and explore.[2]
The map highlights how the railroad, which opened in 1831, made visiting Saratoga Springs much easier.[3] Visitors arriving by train were deposited just a block from Broadway, the center of town, near the mineral springs and grand hotels. [Detail 2]
Upon arriving by train, visitors would only have a short journey to any of the five hotels on the map. After settling into their accommodations, guests would likely be eager to sample water from one of the famous springs.
According to De Veaux, the visitor’s first stop upon arriving in town should be Congress Spring.[4] With this trusty map in hand, a visitor could navigate from their lodging, perhaps the United States Hotel [Letter A] on the corner of Broadway and State Street, south along Broadway to Congress Street, to find the famed Congress Spring [Letter I], whose water was shipped across the country and around the world, or head north to High Rock Spring [Letter Y] [5]
Visitors would often stay in Saratoga Springs for several months at a time, so they would likely need a place to worship on Sundays. De Veaux’s map could help with that—it shows the location of five different churches [Letters D, E, L, Q, and R]. After church, visitors might visit one of the numerous springs and bathhouses the map could direct them to. With De Veaux’s book in hand, a visitor to Saratoga Springs would be well equipped to enjoy the waters and other attractions in the village.
[1] Samuel De Vaux, The Traveller’s own book to Saratoga Springs, Niagara Falls, and Canada: Containing routes, distances, conveyances, expenses, use of mineral waters, baths, description of scenery, etc., a complete guide…with maps and engravings (Buffalo: Faxon & Reed, 1841), 51, https://archive.org/details/cihm_58908.
[2] Ibid, iii-iv.
[3] “History of Saratoga,” Saratoga Springs Heritage Area Visitor Center, accessed October 18, 2014, http://www.saratogaspringsvisitorcenter.com/about-saratoga-springs/history-of-saratoga.
[4] De Veaux, 54.
[5] Ibid., 55.
Hannah Smith
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
Neighborhood/District
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
City Plan
Tourist maps
Outline maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Travel and Tourism
Transportation
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Adelphi Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
American Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Church-- Baptist
Church-- Episcopal
Church-- Methodist
Church-- Presbyterian
Church-- Universalist
Circular Railroad (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Compass Rose
Columbian Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Convent Garden House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Hamilton Spring & Bath House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Monroe Spa & American Bath House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Montgomery Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Pavilion Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Putnam's Congress Spa & Bath House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Union Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Broadway
Transportation--railroad
United States Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Washington Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Columbian Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Flat Rock Springs (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
High Rock Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Pavilion Springs (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Walton (Iodine) Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Washington Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
Faxon & Read
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
Buffalo
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Deirdre Schiff
Allie Smith
Allie Smith
URL
<a title="Traveller's Own Book (1841)" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t6c254p9d?urlappend=%3Bseq=8">https://archive.org/details/cihm_58908<br /><br />A color scan is available from Hathitrust Digital Library.<br /></a>
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
De Veaux, Samuel
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/11/2014
11/24/2014
3/24/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of Saratoga
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
POLYGON((-8213920.6697245 5325009.5655766,-8214403.1784655 5323456.9384398,-8213447.715612 5323380.5014115,-8213137.1901847 5324847.1368915,-8213920.6697245 5325000.0109481,-8213930.224353 5325000.0109481,-8213915.8924102 5325019.1202051,-8213923.0583816 5324994.2259191,-8213915.8924102 5325003.7805476,-8213923.0583816 5325001.3918905,-8213923.0583816 5324994.2259191,-8213920.6697245 5325009.5655766))|14|-8213858.5646390|5324295.7303213|osm
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Faxon & Read
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1841
ca. 1841
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Samuel de Vaux, <em>The traveller's own book to Saratoga Springs, Niagara Falls and Canada : containing routes, distances, conveyances, expenses, use of mineral waters, baths, description of scenery, etc., a complete guide ... with maps and engravings</em> (Buffalo: Faxon & Read, 1841).
Language
A language of the resource
Eng
19th century
railroads
springs
tourism
travel
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/88b157d899a946f4c2f1d6ca8cbc5d37.jpg
335d140fc8154ea88589946ae54e93c6
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/8eedf7b9d7fc7458a53e3b385d71eca6.jpg
b0e8b29a640f89caf0f750d94940fd7b
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/5f0da75dac9a31ec4d125bc2244f1288.jpg
897c617b4c771c42f2ba2bf9a4d4ef21
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/fac231f1478204cf495e098874d75f4d.jpg
99d6db1ff74b693af27c1b99ed9363d3
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Cramer, L.H., C.E.
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1873
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1873
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
Henry Seibert & Bros.
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
N.Y.
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
1 inch to 200 ft
Inset map: 1 inch to 1,250 ft
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Deirdre Schiff
Allie Smith
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
"Caption on inset map: 'Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1873 by A.R. Lawrence & Co in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington D.C.'"
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This map depicts a section of Saratoga Springs, Excelsior Park, which was created as a housing development, and was included in a pamphlet by A. R. Lawrence advertising the development.
Excelsior Park is located to the former Excelsior Lake, now known as Loughberry Lake. The principal map depicts the land allotments as well as surrounding geographic areas. The allotments are depicted with dimensions of the lot size. Some allotments appear to have existing properties, while others are vacant, likely indicating that many estates were yet to be built at the time of surveying.
There is a pictorial representation of Excelsior Park in the top right hand corner of the principal map that appears to depict existing structures in the development.
Inset map: "Map of the village of Saratoga Springs and Excelsior Park." This map depicts the overall village of Saratoga Springs in relation to the Excelsior Park development. Major landmarks including hotels, springs, and railroad lines dot this map. It's important to compare this map with others created in the 20th century as it offers a horizontal perspective of Saratoga Springs while many later maps are vertically depicted. Knowing the geography of Saratoga Springs, we can assume that Excelsior Lake was later changed to Loughberry Lake, which currently serves as the water source for the city of Saratoga Springs.
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
Neighborhood/District
City
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
City Plan
Aerial views
Plat maps
Color maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Property and Development
Environment and Conservation
Transportation
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Adirondack R.R. (N.Y.)
American Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Bottling house (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Broadway Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Church-- Baptist
Church-- Catholic
Church-- Methodist
Church-- Presbyterian
Clarendon Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Compass rose
Congress Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Continental Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Dr. Strong's Sanitarium (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Excelsior Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.))
Glen Mitchell (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Grand Central Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Grand Union Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Greenridge Cemetery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Holden House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Iconography-- gazebo
Iconography--race track
Marvin House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Public works (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)-- water works, water supply
Railroad Place (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad Company
Saratoga County Agricultural Fairgrounds Race Course (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Temple Grove Seminary (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Town Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
United States Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Vermont Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Washington Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Brook Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Columbian Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Empire Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Excelsior Lake (Loughberry Lake) (N.Y. : Lake)
Excelsior Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Hamilton Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Hathorn Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
High Rock Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Loughberry Creek (N.Y. : Creek)
Minnehaha Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Pavilion Springs (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Putnam Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Red Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Seltzer Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Star Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Union Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Washington Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/11/2014
3/26/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of a section of Excelsior Park, Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
19th century
churches
development
hotels
railroads
springs
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/97f7e249889639888b16917d7b29f9b6.jpg
0e4a208cddb70de434910723c25aa49b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Organization
Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map).
Skidmore College
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
ca 1944
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1944
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
ca 1944
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1944
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
In 1944, two Skidmore professors reimagined traveling around the city to visit attractions and highlighted other physical activities the city had to offer. The "Bicycle Map of Saratoga Springs-Skidmore College" was created by faculty members L[ouise G.]. Burbeck and B. [F. Elizabeth] Wiles for students, city residents and visitors alike.
Streets are drawn in greater detail closer to Broadway and less detail farther away from the center of town. Emphasis is on the roads, but the railway and waterworks (today's road to Wilton) are still on the map.
This map is not just about bicycling. It encourages all sorts of outdoor movement. All over the map sketch figures of humans (mostly women, like Skidmore's student body) and animals engage in an activity connected to an area in or around town. These include: skiing, ice skating, golfing, walking, biking, swimming, gardening, fishing, hiking and tennis.
With all these healthy options presented, is it surprising to learn that the mapmakers were the College's physical education (Burbeck) and drama (Wiles) teachers? (It's perhaps good news that they weren't in the English department, as the indications for "Yaddow" and the "Cemetary" attest).
The map also offers directions, with a compass, to other towns and cities near Saratoga Springs such as Albany, Schenectady, Cornith, Glens Falls, and Schuylerville. Did the guidance help bicyclists imagine longer trips or help orient the map reader?
The bicycle map tells the story of not just the needs of a small city being addressed but also the entire nation. In 1941 America entered WWII, and while most of the war was fought overseas, rations affected what American citizens could and could not use, including gasoline, metal, rubber, and glass--all key elements in forms of transportation. (E. Scaglia, '15)
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Road maps
Pictorial maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Transportation
Recreation
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Maps
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Jordana Dym
Allie Smith
URL
Original record at <a title="Saratoga Springs Bicycle Map" href="http://cdm15968.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15968coll2/id/39">http://cdm15968.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15968coll2/id/39</a>
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Special Collections and Archives, Lucy Scribner Library, Skidmore College (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Related Maps
There will be many cases where multiple maps are in effect only slight variations on a single original. If we are certain, or even pretty sure, that one map is just a slightly altered version of another,the related versions should be listed here.
Has a similar feel to the 1940 Saratoga Springs Lions Club Map.
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Broadway
Saratoga Racecourse (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Spa State Park (N.Y.)
Iconography--sports
Inconography--horse
Iconography--mineral springs
Iconography--race track
Oklahoma Track (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Greenridge Cemetery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Yaddo (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Lake Lonely (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Compass rose
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
Scale unknown
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
31 x 42 cm
Subject - Organization
Names of individuals associated with the item. Please put "Tje" at the end:
University of Chicago Press, The
Skidmore College (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/11/2014
3/26/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Bicycle Map of Saratoga Springs
Language
A language of the resource
English
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Burbeck, Louise G.
Wiles, F. Elizabeth
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/aeee3227fa93f3cb81b051553bc771eb.jpg
05d90b3bba0a804f67f4e8ef249068b5
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1881
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1881
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
"Above map: 'Saratoga Springs, as a place of residence, possesses many and unusual advantages, chief among which are its PURE AND BRACING AIR and its World-renowned Health-giving Waters. Hitherto most of the visitors to Saratoga have sought its CROWDED HOTELS; but the need is felt by many of SUMMER VILLAS which will afford quiet homes during the Summer Months in this most fashionable Watering-Place. We believe that the attention of the Public has only to be called to the Lots now offered for sale in EXCELSIOR PARK to make this beautiful spot soon vie with the environs of Newport in its Villa Homes and Tasteful Cottages.'"
"Bottom of map: '...according to Act of Congress in the year 1881, of A.R. Lawrence & Co in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C.'"
"Below map: 'Excelsior Park embraces that portion of SARATOGA SPRINGS for many years known as the "VALLEY OF THE TEN SPRINGS," with the TABLE LAND delightfully situated on either side of this Valley. It lies principally from three-quarters of a mile to a mile and a quarter north-east of the center of the Village, having for its south boundary LAKE AVENUE, which leads directly from the Town Hall. It is intersected by SPRING AVENUE, which extends past nearly all the Springs of Saratoga.
There is also a beautiful Bridle Path winding through the woods, and for those who prefer to walk, a lovely Woodland Path. The cars of the Saratoga Lake Railway make frequent trips, and all regular trains stop at Excelsior Spring Station.
The celebrated EXCELSIOR SPRING, the UNION SPRING, which is also becoming a favorite, together with several other Mineral Springs of different medicinal qualities, are near the center of EXCELSIOR PARK. LOUGHBERRY LAKE, a beautiful sheet of water, with its sloping banks adorned by lofty trees, also adds its charms to this place. Another great attraction is the magnificent Woods which form a part of this Park, and which skirt the Hill and Valley for nearly half a mile between the Excelsior Spring and East Avenue. Through these woods lies a wide and shady path, which has long been a favorite with many of the visitors at Saratoga; and recently a fine Bridle Path has been opened, and the love of the picturesque will find here many SHADY RAMBLES and ROMANTIC WOODLAND VIEWS.
The more elevated portions of EXCELSIOR PARK have been divided into large and small VILLA PLOTS, many of which command fine views of the Mountains in Vermont and the Lake George Hills, while for a nearer home picture they look down upon the beautiful valley spotted with its many Mineral Fountains. All who visit Excelsior Park cannot fail to be attracted by its fine natural features and the many advantages which it offers as a place of residence.
For further Particulars, Detail Maps, Terms, etc., apply to HENRY LAWRENCE, Excelsior Spring, Saratoga Springs, N.Y.'"
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This map depicts the city plan of Saratoga Springs that is seemingly identical to the inset map on the 1871 "Map of a portion of Excelsior Park." There are noticeable differences in this updated version of downtown and the surrounding landmarks. For example, Excelsior Lake (1871) appears on the 1881 map as Loughberry Lake--as it is known today. This map acts as a compelling advertising for the housing development, known as Excelsior Park, comparing it to the villas of Newport, R.I. The map offers a thorough depiction of churches, hotels, springs, etc. in downtown Saratoga Springs.
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
City Plan
Tourist maps
Outline maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Civic Life
Property and Development
Transportation
Education
Religion and Spirituality
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Adirondack R.R. (N.Y.)
American Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Bottling house (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Broadway Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Church-- Baptist
Church-- Catholic
Church-- Methodist
Church-- Presbyterian
Clarendon Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Columbian Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Compass rose
Congress Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Continental Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Dr. Strong's Sanitarium (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Excelsior Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Glen Mitchell (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Grand Union Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Greenridge Cemetery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Holden House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Iconography--race track
Lake View (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Marvin House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Music Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Public works (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)-- water works, water supply
Railroad Place (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad Company
Saratoga Lake Railway (N.Y.)
Saratoga County Agricultural Fairgrounds Race Course (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Lodging
Temple Grove Seminary (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Town Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
United States Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Vermont Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Washington Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Waverly House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Windsor Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Woodlawn Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Adirondack Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Brook Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Columbian Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Empire Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Excelsior Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Hamilton Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Hathorn Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
High Rock Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Minnehaha Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Pavilion Springs (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Putnam Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Red Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Loughberry Creek (N.Y. : Creek)
Loughberry Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Seltzer Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Star Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Union Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Washington Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
Forbes Co.
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
Boston
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
1 inch to 1,250 feet
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Deirdre Schiff
Allie Smith
Creator - Organization
Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map).
A.R. Lawrence & Co.
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1881
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1881
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Lawrence, Henry
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/12/2014
3/26/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of Saratoga Springs and Excelsior Park
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
POLYGON((-8214247.9157519 5327632.609691,-8215203.3786053 5322129.1436552,-8210808.2494795 5322243.7991976,-8211343.3086774 5328511.6355161,-8214286.134266 5327556.1726627,-8214247.9157519 5327594.3911768,-8214286.134266 5327556.1726627,-8214247.9157519 5327632.609691))|12|-8214400.7898084|5324215.0384971|osm
19th century
churches
development
hotels
railroads
springs
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/13f43be1ab28806c745ac27c7b5e78d8.jpg
14410cbb281594ab1cd34874307cf618
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Lester, Willard
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1903
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1903
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
"In LOC stamp: 'Two copies received...Copy B'"
"Below map: 'Lester Brothers, Real Estate Brothers, 377 Broadway, Saratoga Springs, N.Y.'"
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This map depicts downtown Saratoga Springs as well as the expanding streets around downtown. The size of the city is noticeably different from that depicted in 19th century maps. Detailed paths of the numerous railroads running through Saratoga Springs at the time are noted, as well as hotels and points of interest (schools, churches, recreation etc.).
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
City Plan
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Transportation
Property and Development
Education
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Adirondack R.R. (N.Y.)
Armory (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Boston and Maine Railroad (B&M Railroad)
Church-- Baptist
Church-- Catholic
Church-- Congregational
Church-- Episcopal
Church-- Methodist
Church-- Presbyterian
Compass rose
Congress Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Convention Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation (D &H, R.R.)
Grand Union Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Greenridge Cemetery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Hudson Valley R.R. (N.Y.)
Iconography--race track
Kensington Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Post Office (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Public works (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)-- water works, water supply
Railroad Place (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Racecourse (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Corporation Line
Saratoga Springs Public Schools (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Temple Grove Seminary (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Town Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
United States Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Woodlawn Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Worden Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Windsor Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
YMCA (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Congress Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Empire Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Hathorn Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
High Rock Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Loughberry Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Magnetic Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Patterson Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Red Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Subject - Organization
Names of individuals associated with the item. Please put "Tje" at the end:
University of Chicago Press, The
Lester Brothers
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
Lester Brothers
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
600 feet to 1 inch
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Deirdre Schiff
Allie Smith
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1903
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1903
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
17' 'x 22''
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/12/2014
3/26/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of a portion of Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
POLYGON((-8211068.5100698 5326697.8248027,-8212157.7377227 5326621.3877745,-8212176.8469798 5327557.7413708,-8214489.0670851 5327194.6654865,-8214603.7226275 5321958.7290497,-8211355.1489258 5322283.5864199,-8211049.4008127 5326716.9340598,-8211106.7285839 5326697.8248027,-8211030.2915556 5326716.9340598,-8211068.5100698 5326716.9340598,-8211068.5100698 5326697.8248027))|13|-8213648.2597741|5324664.1818356|osm
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1903
20th century
churches
hotels
outline
railroads
springs
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/a45f5e9f8df657f40fa2e950b5368a4f.jpg
4b8258dab1766038f6d92c2f34ad73ab
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Organization
Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map).
Hotel Continental
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1921
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1921
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
Middle of map: 'Clean- comfortable
Reasonable- renovated
New management
80 rooms
"The good old Continental"
Light- cool- spacious
Central.'
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This uniquely heart-shaped advertisement map depicts a small portion of Saratoga Springs downtown Broadway area, focusing on the Continental Hotel. In addition to the hotel, railways, banks, theaters, and tourist sites are depicted. The map describes the favorable amenities of the Continental Hotel, including its central position.
Arrows on the map direct the viewer to the hotel and to other tourist destinations that are not depicted on the map like Albany, the State Baths, and Lake George.
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
Neighborhood/District
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Aerial views
Pictorial maps
Tourist maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Transportation
Recreation
Travel and Tourism
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Adirondack Trust Co. (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
City Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Theatre (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Continental Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation (D &H, R.R.)
Post Office (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Railroad Place (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga National Bank (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)-- Broadway
Saratoga Springs Chamber of Commerce
State Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
State Mineral Waters (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Transportation--trolley station
Western Union Telegraph Office (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Vichy Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Deirdre Schiff
Allie Smith
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Wagar, F(red). L.
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/12/2014
3/27/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Hotel Continental, Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
POINT(-8214254.9786861 5324171.260042566)|16|-8214125.9912009|5324014.9896142|osm
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1921
Description
An account of the resource
This uniquely heart-shaped advertisement map depicts a small portion of Saratoga Springs downtown Broadway area, focusing on the Continental Hotel.
Broadway
business
Congress Park
Hotel Continental
railroads
-
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6b2ef5c32dfe06f223ad07a3251b430b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Coulter & McCormack
Hay, John, City Engineer
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1968
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1968
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This map, similar in design and coverage to the 1944 Manning map, depicts the city Saratoga Springs and inset maps detail Corinth, Milton, and Ballston Spa. Included in each map are directories of roads and points of interest that supplement the detailed natural landmarks, railroads, and highways.
Related Maps
There will be many cases where multiple maps are in effect only slight variations on a single original. If we are certain, or even pretty sure, that one map is just a slightly altered version of another,the related versions should be listed here.
1944 Manning-- Map of City of Saratoga Springs and Villages of Ballston Spa, Schuylerville, Corinth, Victory Mills, and Townships of Saratoga and Milton
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
County
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Railroad map
Road maps
City Plan
Index maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Transportation
Recreation
Cities and Towns
Civic Life
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Roads--Interstate 87 (N.Y.)
Kaydeross Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Roads--Route 50 (N.Y.)
Roads--Route 9 (N.Y.)
Oklahoma Race Course (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Race Course (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Yaddo (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Raceway (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Training Track (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Skidmore College (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Greenridge Cemetery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
N.Y.S. Forest Nursery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.) (formerly Tree Nursery)
Saratoga Golf Club (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Spa State Park (N.Y.)
Saratoga Performing Arts Center (SPAC) (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation (D &H, R.R.)
Cady Hill Industrial Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga County Farm (Milton, N.Y.)
Ballston Spa Cemetery (Ballston Spa, N.Y.)
Ballston Spa Country Club (Ballston Spa, N.Y.)
Ballston Spa Public Schools (Ballston Spa, N.Y.)
Ballston Spa Public Schools (Ballston Spa, N.Y.)
Benedict Memorial Hospital (Ballston Spa, N.Y.)
Saratoga County Agricultural Fairgrounds (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Ballston Airport (Ballston, N.Y.)
Brown's Beach (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Transportation-- bus
Canfield Casino (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
City Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Drink Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Hospital (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Transportation--railroad
Washington Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Lincoln Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Roosevelt Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Spouting Geyser (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga County Office (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Compass rose
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Milton (N.Y.)
Corinth (N.Y.)
Ballston Spa (N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Saratoga County (N.Y.)
Luzerne (N.Y.)
Bear Swamp (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Lake Lonely (N.Y. : Lake)
Saratoga Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Kayaderosseras Creek (Saratoga County, N.Y.)
Putnam Brook (N.Y.)
Mill Pond (N.Y.)
Hudson River (N.Y.)
Owl Pond (N.Y.)
Loughberry Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Old Iron Spring (Ballston Spa, N.Y.)
Lincoln Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Hathorn Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
Manning, H. A.
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
Inset Map of Corinth: 1 inch to 2600 feet
Inset Map of the town of Milton: 1 inch to 2 miles
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Deirdre Schiff
Allie Smith
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1968
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1968
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/13/2014
3/28/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of Saratoga Springs
recreation
rivers
roads
Skidmore College
SPAC
springs
state park
-
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47dafb4b4cf97f2df442e06348f8ff1d
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d25be19de1b7d669a11bfa751f9ee230
PDF Text
Text
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Organization
Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map).
City of Saratoga Springs Planning Board
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1976
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1976
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Original: Coulter & McCormack
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
Original: April 1968
Revised: Sept. 1969, Nov. 1972, June 1973, and Jan. 1976
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
"Bottom right of map: 'The preparation of this map for the New York State Office of Planning Coordination was financially aided through a federal grant from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and in part by the State of New York under the Urban Planning Assistance Program authorized by Section 701 of the Housing Act of 1954, as amended.'"
"Bottom right of map: 'Source: June 1967 city map prepared by Coulter & McCormack for the City of Saratoga Springs. April, September , 1968 updated by planning consultants.'"
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This city plan map depicts the points of interest, systems of transportation including railroad and highway, and several natural landmarks in the immediate area of the City of Saratoga Springs.
This map is one of several revised maps that derived from an initial city plan map that was eventually updated by the City of Saratoga Springs City Planning Board for the purpose of sending it to the NYS Office of Planning Coordination as part of urban development planning.
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
City Plan
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Property and Development
Environment and Conservation
Recreation
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Cady Hill Industrial Park (Saratoga Springs,
N.Y.)
Compass rose
Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation (D &H, R.R.)
Greenridge Cemetery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Roads--Interstate 87 (N.Y.)
N.Y.S. Forest Nursery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.) (formerly Tree Nursery)
Oklahoma Race Course (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Railroad Depot
Roads--Route 50 (N.Y.)
Saratoga Racecourse (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Raceway (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Performing Arts Center (SPAC) (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Training Track (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Transportation--highways
Transportation--railroad
Yaddo (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Bear Swamp (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Fish Creek (N.Y.: Creek)
Geyser Creek (N.Y.: Creek)
Lake Lonely (N.Y. : Lake)
Loughberry Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Kayaderosseras Creek (Saratoga County, N.Y.)
Owl Pond (N.Y.)
Putnam Brook (N.Y.)
Saratoga Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Corporation Line
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
Murphy & Kren Planning Associates, Inc.
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
1 inch to 3200 feet
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Deirdre Schiff
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1976
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/16/2014
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Base Map, City of Saratoga Springs, Planning Board
20th century
city planning
highways
race tracl
rivers
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/68e94c3a1497a2a285e8bc89ba0c47b6.jpg
04759ce5e607056a4f5d6ceac017213c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Beers, J.B., Wiggins, J.B.
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1875
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1875
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
1600ft: 1in
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Allie Smith
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
"Bottom Center of Map: 'Entered according to Act of Congress in the Year 1875 by J.B. Beers & Co. in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington D.C.'"
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
County
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
New York
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
Map depicting the county of Saratoga in New York in the year 1875 as ordered by an Act of Congress of the United States. The Map depicts the village of Saratoga Springs as well as Ballston Spa in detail on the map. Also shown are the areas surrounding those cities.
Transportation such as railroad lines are shown.
Waterways are also depicted in the forms of Creeks and Lakes.
Map features the names of people in the areas which they hold property(ies). (W.L. Chase, Mrs. Hewitt, J. Pitney, etc.)
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
County maps
Color maps
Outline maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Property and Development
County Maps
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Maps
Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad Company
Saratoga and Schenectady Rail Road
Adirondack R.R. (N.Y.)
Saratoga and Washington, R.R. (N.Y.)
Saratoga Race Course (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Greenridge Cemetery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
United States Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
American Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Grand Union Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
High Rock Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Recreation--fairgrounds
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Corporation Line
Broadway House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Public works (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)-- water works, water supply
Glen Mitchell (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Malta (N.Y.)
Ballston Spa (N.Y.)
Ballston (N.Y)
Greenfield (N.Y.)
Wilton (N.Y.)
Milton (N.Y.)
Stillwater (N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Saratoga Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Saratoga County (N.Y.)
Saratoga (N.Y.)
Loughberry Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Lake Lonely (N.Y. : Lake)
Kayaderosseras Creek (Saratoga County, N.Y.)
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
J.B. Beers & Co.
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/8/2014
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of Saratoga and Ballston with Surroundings
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
POLYGON((-8203527.6225364 5339153.5509199,-8203221.8744233 5306591.3768749,-8225388.6126229 5306438.5028184,-8222636.879605 5336707.5660151,-8203527.6225364 5339153.5509199))|10|-8219579.3984740|5322796.0268691|osm
Description
An account of the resource
This view of Saratoga Springs and neighboring Ballston Spa shows the town and village of Saratoga Springs, Saratoga Lake (with regatta route), roads and individual property owners. It offers a good overview of the area surrounding the town.
19th century
color map
county
development
property
travel
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/afcd2bb5b30b6443e643ca9246f05fd2.jpg
dbee1098a5e2614d082fd061a744b654
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Geo. H. Walker & Co. Boston
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
18 1/2 x 21
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
Circle outline of one mile from post office
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Allie Smith
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1901
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1901
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Yaddo (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Worden Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation (D &H, R.R.)
Post Office (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Greenridge Cemetery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Adirondack R.R. (N.Y.)
Geyser Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Maps
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Corporation Line
Saratoga Race Course (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Compass Rose
Public works (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)-- water works, water supply
United States Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Grand Union Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
American Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Windsor Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Electric R.R. (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Woodlawn Oval (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Woodlawn Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Polo Field (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Hospital (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
St. Faith's School (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Index-- Churches
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
Robson & Adee
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
City Plan
Outline maps
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Saratoga (N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Loughberry Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Property and Development
Infrastructure and Communication
Transportation
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
The map depicts the village of Saratoga Springs as indexed by the Robson & Ades publishing company in 1901.
The index on the bottom right of the map gives names of springs, hotels, churches, etc. and the corresponding names which appear within the city on the map.
The map also depicts the routes of railroads running through the city as well as bike routes around the area.
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/18/2014
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of Saratoga Springs
20th century
railroads
springs
tourism
transportation
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/a32b7ca44ada37d719cb41444816ae2c.jpg
9e4e848fdf555262b0c516e3824ee5d8
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Lester, Willard
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1907
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1907
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
1 2/3in: 1mi
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Allie Smith
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
County
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
County maps
Outline maps
Road maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Transportation
Travel and Tourism
Discovery and Exploration
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
Lester Brothers
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Saratoga Race Course (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation (D &H, R.R.)
Hudson Valley R.R. (N.Y.)
Woodlawn Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Polo Field (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Horse Haven (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Yaddo (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Golf Links (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Boston and Maine Railroad
Kaydeross Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation (D &H, R.R.)--Schenectady Branch
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation (D &H, R.R.)--Adirondack Division
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Ballston Spa (N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Saratoga Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Saratoga County (N.Y.)
Lake Lonely (N.Y. : Lake)
Loughberry Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Kayaderosseras Creek (Saratoga County, N.Y.)
Snake Hill (Saratoga Springs,N.Y.)
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
Map depicting the 'drives' around Saratoga County in the regions of Saratoga Springs and Ballston Spa. The map shows these drives in the forms of roads, waterways, and railroad transportation.
It also depicts the directions of small towns and villages surrounding the area such as Glens Falls, Wilton, Fort Miller, etc.
This map depicts natural points of interest in the area such as numerous springs, lakes, camps, rivers, towns, and big attractions in Saratoga such as the Polo field or the Race Track.
The map also depicts the estimated placement of homes around the area through the use of small black squares.
Related Maps
There will be many cases where multiple maps are in effect only slight variations on a single original. If we are certain, or even pretty sure, that one map is just a slightly altered version of another,the related versions should be listed here.
"Drives in the Vicinity of Saratoga Springs published by the Lester Bros Real Estate Dealers Saratoga Springs, N.Y." ca. 1887.
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/9/2014
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of Drives in the Vicinity of Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
20th century
development
springs
tourism
travel
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/c1c0c14e5d935f41e888848a87558347.jpg
a1d88a3c956548c0c3383db9bb98977c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Lester, Charles F. (C.F.L.)
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
ca. 1927
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
ca. 1927
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Allie Smith
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
"Top left of map:'furnished by the mayor,' 'Carded Feb. 5, 1927[1].'"
"Top right of map: '1930' E.D." [Electoral Districts?]
"Bottom right of map:' no now is 8 election districts. No change in territory.'"
"Bottom left of map: 'Saratoga Springs City incorporated and made coextensive with Saratoga springs town June 22, 1915'"
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
City Plan
Outline maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Cities and Towns
Transportation
Infrastructure and Communication
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
Lester Brothers, Inc.
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Public works (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)-- water works, water supply
St. Clement's Church (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
High Rock Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Recreation-- Athletic Field
Saratoga Race Course (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Golf Club (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Hospital (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
United States Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Grand Union Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation (D &H, R.R.)--Adirondack Division
Boston and Maine Railroad
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation (D &H, R.R.)-- receiving and distribution
Post Office (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Church-- Presbyterian
Adirondack Trust Co. (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Elks Club (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
City Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga National Bank (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Church-- Methodist
Church-- Episcopalian
Church-- Baptist
Worden Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Boston and Maine Freight Depot
Saratoga Springs High School (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Skidmore College (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Church-- St. Peters
Masonic Temple (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Transportation--trolley station
Transportation--railroad
Convention Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Greenridge Cemetery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
St. Peter's Catholic Cemetery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Washington Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Lincoln Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Corporation Line
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Loughberry Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Saratoga County (N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Subject - Organization
Names of individuals associated with the item. Please put "Tje" at the end:
University of Chicago Press, The
Saratoga Racing Association
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This map depicts the city of Saratoga Springs in the mid- 1920's. The mapped area is situated right inside the corporation lines of the city. The map is interesting in that it depicts the election zones in the inner part of the city which is divided into eight zones at this time.
The map also includes the names of each street within the inside area of the city. i.e. Griswold St.
Routes are depicted heading out of Saratoga from the downtown area to places such as Johnstown, Corinth, Glens Falls, Schuylerville, etc.
Map depicts three different railways running through the city.
The map depicts major areas of interest within the city such as churches, prominent hotels, and government buildings such as City Hall. This map does not include properties of individuals or any sort of property lines within the inner district of the city.
Creator - Organization
Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map).
Lester Bros.
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/19/2014
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of the city of Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
20th century
business
civic life
electoral
Lester
plan
travel
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/7da596a58968833c29ebe0e32f20e196.jpg
2a7e784819c0576ad5d36ac282cb9d57
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/20dddaeea38daac3301fe6d3b7ec517a.jpg
9f1e4cac0624ccb4adfadff4616d8941
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1944
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1944
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Allie Smith
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Aerial views
Outline maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Recreation
Travel and Tourism
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Saratoga Spa State Park (N.Y.)
Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Greenridge Cemetery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Yaddo (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Lincoln Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Washington Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
The Gideon Putnam Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Hall of Springs (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Roosevelt Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Simon Baruch Research Institute (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Spa Bottling Plant (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation (D &H, R.R.)
Boston and Maine Railroad
Saratoga Drink Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Index--Hotels
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Geyser Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Loughberry Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Saratoga (N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
Recto: This map depicts the city of Saratoga and the Saratoga Spa Park located to the south of the city. The map focuses on the parks and baths of the city in order to promote the places of health within and near the city. Only two railroad lines are depicted: the Delaware & Hudson, R.R. as well as the Boston & Maine, R.R. City streets are laid out.
Verso: The back of the map depicts a directory of what is called "Hotels and Boarding Houses at Saratoga Springs" It includes the subcategories of "Hotels," "'Cure' Diet Available," "Hotels Observing Dietary Laws," and "Rooming Houses." Each of these subcategories includes the price and season in which someone could stay at one of these places as well as the address.
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/20/2014
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Saratoga Spa and the city of Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Carey, A.
20th century
health
parks
recreation
tourism
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/d661e8f5205bc1e7ea9570502ac8e520.jpg
3d4389d5afdd460b519dccf725b091cb
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Africae nova descriptio
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1635
Description
An account of the resource
"Cum privilegio ad decennium." Relief shown pictorially. Map contained within illustrated frame. Nine city views across top of map: Tanger, Ceuta, Alger, Tunis, Alexandria, Alcair, Mozambique, S. Georgius della Mina, Canaria. Includes descriptive text (4 p.) on verso and on two sides of an attached sheet. (Description from: Northwestern University Library)
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Blaeu, Willem Janszoon
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
map
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Africa
Rights Holder
A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.
Northwestern University, <a title="Blaeu, 1635, Africa" href="http://fedora.library.northwestern.edu/fedora/get/inu:inu-afrmap-3805125/inu:NWUCollectionBDef/getDefaultView">16th-20th Century Maps of Africa</a>
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/bc63cfdacbca3c4c2ebe1d2b39bdee68.jpg
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1996
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1996
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
"Feather in top right corner: 'Sarah-to-ga' -'hillside country of the great river': The Mohawk tribe named this area for its proximity to the Hudson River.'"
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This colorful pictorial puzzle map, assembled by Saratoga Springs Public Library staff members, captures the essence of late twentieth-century Saratoga Springs tourism. The city invites visitors to enjoy its history, recreation, and local businesses. Reading from top to bottom draws viewers from past to present, starting with the Spa City’s Native American origin story, largely absent in nineteenth-century tourist maps. At the bottom, vignettes highlight Saratoga Springs’ summer offerings: the arts (SPAC), horses (racetrack), history (the Battle of Saratoga), and relaxation. The city’s traditional “health” component is harder to find in this map.
Although a modern artist’s rendering— as much illustration as map –- this depiction draws on well-known cartographic traditions. Placing a ring of images around the central map traditionally includes additional information, often city plans or people “types” in early modern maps such as Willem Blaeu’s Africa (1635). In the White Mountain map, the outer row, tinted a coppery color, evokes nineteenth-century city founders, key citizens, jockeys, and architecture. The inner row offers a series of advertisements for companies that (not so surprisingly) appear on the map.
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
White Mountain Puzzle, Inc.
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
Jackson, N.H.
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Deirdre Schiff
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/26/2014
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
25.5" x 34"
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
Flexible
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Historic Saratoga Springs, N.Y., Queen of Spas
Rights Holder
A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.
White Mountain Puzzles, <a href="http://www.whitemountainpuzzles.com/">www.whitemountainpuzzles.com/</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1996
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
White Mountain Puzzles
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
McEntee, Bill
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/8d9cb5b200c708d531457320d278714c.jpg
f7904a7a94547229fd8038bfed26c6a5
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Cramer, L.H., C.E.
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1800s
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
18xx
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1800s
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
18xx
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This map depicts the property of Frank Leslie near the edge of Saratoga Lake. Based on information known about Leslie, we can assume that this map was published in the latter half of the 1800s.
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
The City Archives (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
Property
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Property maps
Color maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Property and Development
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Cedar Bluff Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Compass rose
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Saratoga Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Subject - Name
Names of individuals associated with the item. Last name first.
For Maps: People represented on the map itself. In nearly every case, this field will be used when people are pictured on the map (several maps in this project are decorated with photographs or engravings in the margins). Use authorized versions of the name from the Library of Congress Name Authority File where possible.
Leslie, Frank
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
1 inch to 50 feet
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Deirdre Schiff
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/17/2014
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Property of Frank Leslie Near Cedar Bluff Hotel & Lake Saratoga
Frank Leslie
lake
property
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/165351d75cccb5331ecc736f8266a4c3.jpeg
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d6c3367480c9691b368ade580e57e802
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2ac3d7f6dc0b991a1ab7fea8a86d25e2
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/c4a1671cf92170153c9fa5ffa87f7faa.png
10e8b585dd1040b5985d95900319b85d
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Geil, Samuel
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1856
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1856
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
"Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1856 by Robert Pearsall Smith in the ... Eastern District of Pennsylvania."
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
Until the nineteenth century, leading mapmakers worked in ‘cabinets’ (or offices) collecting the (sometimes unreliable) observations of others to create maps. Therefore, maps based on scientific or mathematical observation boasted of their origin in “actual surveys.” Samuel Geil’s large-scale wall map of Saratoga County shows the relation of Saratoga Springs to the surrounding area and Saratoga, from which it split in 1819. This map, still on its original dowel, shows how such wall maps might have hung in a business, government office, or private parlor.
The comparatively large, dense inset of Saratoga Springs in the bottom right-hand corner of the map proclaims the town’s growing prominence, and a growing professional class of hotel owners, lawyers, doctors, educators and merchants. The map features two Saratoga Springs buildings, G. P. Putnam and Charles H. Payn’s “New Union Hall” (upper left) and the Greek Revival home of well-to-do farmer John R. Peters (upper right).
Description from the Library of Congress:
General-content county map showing rural buildings with householders' names; the Saratoga Springs and Ballston Spa insets show building coverage and names of principal buildings. Hand colored to emphasize town (township) boundaries and territories. "Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1856 by Robert Pearsall Smith in the ... Eastern District of Pennsylvania."
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
County
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
County maps
Color maps
Pictorial maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
County Maps
Cities and Towns
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
E.A. Balch
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
Philadelphia, PA
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
1 map on 2 sheets : color ; 144 x 93 cm, sheets 78 x 104 cm and 73 x 104 cm, folded to 79 x 54 cm and 77 x 54 cm
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Deirdre Schiff
URL
<a href="http://www.loc.gov/item/2013593231/" target="_blank">Library of Congress Catalog</a>
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Ainsworth Place (Saratoga Springs, N.Y)
American Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Circular Railroad (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Church-- Baptist
Church-- Episcopal
Church-- Methodist
Church-- Presbyterian
Columbian Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Crescent Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Iconography-- house
Public works (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)-- water works, water supply
The Saratogian (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)-- editor
Union Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
United States Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Ballston Lake (N.Y.: Lake)
Ballston Spa (N.Y.)
Champlain Canal (N.Y.)
Columbian Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Empire Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Hamilton Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
High Rock Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Hudson River (N.Y.)
Mohawk River (N.Y.)
Pavilion Springs (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Putnam Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga (N.Y.)
Saratoga County (N.Y.)
Saratoga Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Walton (Iodine) Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Washington Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Subject - Name
Names of individuals associated with the item. Last name first.
For Maps: People represented on the map itself. In nearly every case, this field will be used when people are pictured on the map (several maps in this project are decorated with photographs or engravings in the margins). Use authorized versions of the name from the Library of Congress Name Authority File where possible.
Putnam, Mrs. M.
Hathorn, W.H. Owner Congress Hall.
Lester, C.S. Lawyer.
Searing & Putnam Lawyers
Marvin, J.M. Owner United States Hotel.
Jumel
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
1.25 inch to 1 mile
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1856
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1856
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/17/2014
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of Saratoga Co., New York: from actual surveys
19th century
color map
pictorial
Putnam
Saratoga County