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                    <text>1

Title
Jacob DeLeon Navarrete Interview

Date

June 2nd, 2018

Language
Eng

Interviewer
Emily Rizzo

Location
Lucy Scribner Library, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY

Original Format
Audio Recording

Duration
39:13

Tags
Alumni , Oral history , Skidmore College , Tour guide , Admissions

�2
ER: So, you can you say your full name and your graduating year and your major or minors?
JV: Sure, my name is Jacob DeLeon Navarrete. I graduated in 2008. I was a double major in
psychology and history. I focused on existential psychology with Sheldon Solomon and I worked
with Jennifer Delton in American History, mostly focusing on the civil rights era all the way back
to colonial period.
ER: Wow that's amazing. And where are you from?
JV: Dallas, Texas.
ER: Dallas, Texas. Wow I always wanted to take an existential psychology class with Sheldon and
I never got to fit it in.
JV: Yeah, he's... I got really lucky because he was my advisor when I first started as a student. So
I took LS1 with him, I don't know if you guys still do LS1 or not, but he was my LS1 teacher and I
really just connected with him. At the time I wasn't going to be a psychology major. I had come
in interested in doing pre-med but quickly learned that other peoples' blood freaks me out so
being a doctor was not necessarily the best path for me. And I had always been very interested
in human behavior and what drives human choices and an intersection of psychology and
philosophy seemed really cool and anyone who’s ever seen Sheldon Solomon knows that he’s a
captivating person. So it was kind of hard to not have chosen that. When I think about the
person that I was coming to college and then having the opportunity to engage with such
interesting minds, I was very influenced by those elements more so than a real passion for the
subject matter, that grew as I began to dig deeper into the actual academic component of it.
ER: Wow that's really great. I guess since we already started talking about it... Can you talk
about what it was like being head tour guide?

�3
JV: Oh. So I... When I got to Skidmore I really didn't know what to do. Being from Texas, not
knowing anyone here, I tried very hard to make sense of the community and that meant I did a
lot of activities I tried to learn where buildings were, and I saw an opportunity to be a tour
guide. They made the first option available to first year students in second semester. So I
applied for it and I was really excited about it. I was hired as a tour guide and there was
something about being able to share my passion for Skidmore that I really enjoyed. And so, I
was a tour guide pretty much in the earliest moment possible. And because I was from far away
I spent some summers on campus and I was a summer tour guide. And by the time I was a
Junior I had been hired as one of the co-head tour guides. And I spent my junior and my senior
year running the tour guide program. It was really interesting to see that element of higher
education because it wasn't about me. It was about these other people. And I think a lot of
students view tour guiding as a job. And it is, it's a great way to make some extra cash, have an
opportunity to pick up a couple skills if you haven't already. But very few people I think
approach it as community service. And that's kind of how I approached it. Don't get me wrong,
enjoyed the pay check, very much appreciated the work. But I loved it because I was giving
students the opportunity to see the institution the way that I did. And I knew it wasn't going to
be right for every student, but the student who it was right for, they would fall in love. And it
was also really cool to see students come in as first year students, during my third or fourth
year, who I had given a tour to and who really responded to the way Skidmore was presented
to them. So, it was a lot of fun and I really enjoyed being able to share my experience in the
community with people who probably would have never thought to ask me about Skidmore
because I don't think I represent the average Skidmore student, particularly not in 2000.
ER: Wow I have so many questions. So, you loved Skidmore a lot?
JV: Oh yeah, I was a student senator right out of the gate, they always have the three spots, at
least my time it was three spots, available for freshman students. So I ran. The funny thing was
only three of us ran and I had the lowest number of votes. It was really interesting.

�4
ER: Yeah.
JV: But I got really involved with student senate. I was the very last coordinator of diversity
affairs before there was a vice president of diversity affairs, that was the person who followed
me. But I eventually realized that student government was not what was right for me. And
that's when I shifted from having my hands in a bunch of things to focusing on working in the
admissions office and as I got older I just spent less time doing things that were for the sake of
doing it and more time focused on the things I was really interested in. And student
government was fun, but I think it's best done by the people who want to devote energy in
ways that I don't think I have the patience for, in a certain sense. But tour guiding is... the
patience that you have to have is a very different kind of patience.
ER: What do you mean by that?
JV: So the patience you have to have for student government I would say is the same for
politics.
ER: Yeah.
JV: You have to suffer everyone. No one is wrong. Everyone's opinion and perspective is
important because you're representing everyone. And so, student government being
representative of government, you have to listen you have to take into consideration things
that you don't believe, people that you don't agree with. And that's great that we have
individuals that are willing to put themselves through that. I think the saying is, "People who
are willing to suffer fools." As a tour guide, you suffer fools in a completely different way. Your
goal is to help people see what you see. And for a lot of tour guides, they just lie. I'm not saying
that happens at Skidmore per say, but just in general you go to a museum they're going to spin
the best story possible. But you don't have to. A really good tour guide doesn't lie. They find
ways to respond to your question in truth, but hopefully, if they're perceptive enough, they

�5
know what you're really asking and can come around to address how the school handles that
issue. When parents ask questions about drinking, what they're really asking about is safety. No
parent thinks that kids don't drink in college. It happens. It's just what happens in the United
States. So, the real question is, "Is my child going to be safe while they're participating in
activities? Are they going to feel like they're forced to participate in activities? So a tour guide
who isn't thinking that far ahead will say, "There's no parties." Or, "Nothing is under age." Or,
"People get in trouble." But that's not true. A smart tour guide would respond that Skidmore is
the type of place where students can make whatever choices that they feel comfortable
making, that Skidmore provides a really safe environment to do so, there are tremendous
amounts of opportunities for students who don't want drugs or alcohol, all sorts of
programming... That's how you respond to that question. You don't say people don't party. You
don't say everyone parties. Or whatever the easiest answer is. And that's just one example of
why I think I was much more interested in being a tour guide than being in student
government.
ER: Yeah definitely. Yeah, I think tour guides sell Skidmore as more diverse than it actually is.
Because Skidmore includes in its numbers, in its percentages, international students, everyone
who's international is counted in the diversity percentage, which doesn't make sense because
not everyone who's in the international percentage... some of them are white and they're
thrown into that percentage to make it seem more inclusive than it is. So it's like, "Are you
lying? Are you giving that percentage?" But I think some tour guides try to give that number
and pretend... or try to tell this lie.
JV: I think that's also a reflection of the difference between the institution internally and the
institution externally. So, I ended up being an admissions officer here for three and a half years.
So I was a tour guide and then got hired as an admissions officer. And I think when institutions
utilize percentages to craft a certain narrative, it's usually a reflection of the industry more than
an individual office. It's very common for schools to include international students in their
diversity numbers because colleges try to have the most broad definition of diversity. And that

�6
can be problematic sometimes when people are really asking, "How many white people are
here?" Right? And I think it's fair to ask that question, versus how diverse are you? Because
diversity is a cop out word. Right? You can have diversity with a bunch of white men. There can
be a lot of diversity in the way you think, how you see the world, right? So including
international students in the diversity number makes sense if what you're saying is, we have a
lot of different people from different experiences and walks of life. But we also know that that's
not what people are really asking when they say diversity. And so that's the internal versus
external tension. It's the same thing that when we use graduation rates. We say it out of six
years but it's really out of four. But four isn't as nice so everyone does it out of six.
ER: What's the out of six?
JV: So most four-year graduation rates are actually out of six years.
ER: Oh oh.
JV: Yeah. But they factor in taking breaks, going abroad, switching your major.
ER: That's okay.
JV: Right but people think it's the four-year rate.
ER: Yeah.
JV: And it's not the four-year rate it's the six-year rate. That's what the government does for a
degree. So being an admission officer gave me the opportunity to learn a lot about how
colleges function as institutions relative to how they function for students. And it gave me a
really good view into how a class is made. And I think a lot of students have a completely
misguided notion as to how they got into college. I think if you were to ask the average

�7
Skidmore student, "How'd you get into college?" "Oh yeah I worked hard. I did well in school."
It's like, "No that's not why you got into Skidmore. It isn't. You fit exactly what the institution
was looking for at that year." And at a place now where they're taking 25% of the students who
apply, it's even more so, "We need this particular subset of people to have the class that we're
looking for." You didn't get in, it's more of a reflection, not of your ability or not of your
strengths, it's, "You just didn't have what we were looking for this year. If you apply next year,
you might get in. If you applied the year before, you might get in. It's just this year. There were
a lot of girls with brown hair and blue eyes who played soccer and were violinists. Sorry." That's
the flip side of access. Everybody's going to apply. That's what makes it much harder to get in.
Admissions officers are humans. They're not machines. Some students are just going to stand
out to them. So, it was an interesting experience to learn. It helped me better contextualize
myself instead of thinking, "Oh I have this because..." I could step back and say, "Well, there are
probably plenty of other people who were just as good or whatever the reason." I'm a college
counselor now, among other things, and so having that knowledge in the back of my head really
helps when I talk with students who don't get into their schools of choice. It's not a reflection of
you, it's a reflection of the school.
ER: Yeah so, I wanted to ask, that's actually a good leeway, what are you doing now?
JV: So right now, I am the associate head of upper school at the Auckland School in Dallas
Texas. It's a Montessori and international baccalaureate school, educating students from 18
months to 18 years. And we actually just had our first graduating seniors. So the schools been
around for over 50 years but had stopped at 6th grade for a long time and stopped at 8th grade
about 15 years ago. That's when they opened the middle school and so we opened the upper
school four years ago. And so I handle all the college counseling, student life, and now as the
associate head, pretty much everything. I'm just very deeply involved with what goes on. And I
feel very happy to say that I had a student who was accepted to Skidmore. She didn't choose to
attend but it was nice to have that be one of our first seniors apply and then be admitted to
Skidmore. So that's what I do.

�8
ER: Wow that's amazing. Yeah it feels like, from what you've said, everything that you've done
at Skidmore helped you get to...
JV: Where I am?
ER: And then your admissions position at Skidmore and now you're really a... leadership role...
JV: There's no doubt that my time at Skidmore was fundamental for who I am as a person. I just
finished my masters degree at Stanford and the most interesting element of that was how
often my undergraduate experience was really useful. And I think that my belief in creative
thought mattering has really been an important perspective when dealing with problem
solving, dealing with people. Just remembering that you have to be creative. And usually when
you remember to be creative it reminds you to be patient. And that has been really valuable for
me as a person. Skidmore has really been critical to the person that I am. I wouldn't say that it
defines me, but I also can't think of myself without it. So I wouldn't be surprised if I find myself
with a job here again as my last job or something. Like I really did love my time here and I love
what they do for students. And that's why I do what I do, because I had a great college
experience and I want that for every other person. I want every human to have the time of
undergraduate experience that I did. Because if you had asked me at 17 if I'd be doing what I'm
doing now... No, not at all. A 17-year-old Jacob would look at 32 year old Jacob and say, "What
are you doing with yourself? Working at a high school? With teenagers?" But 32-year-old Jacob
can look back at 17 year old Jacob and say "You just don't know enough about life. You don't
know enough about you yet." And my time at Skidmore helped me learn so much about myself.
Because there's something about the community and the campus that encourages you to
explore internally and externally.
ER: Something about the campus?

�9
JV: I think that the combination of the campus layout, all the trees, the green spaces, the
Northwoods, the general approach to student development and student learning, mixed with...
at least this was my time, I can't speak for Skidmore today but... When I was a student there
was some sort of open mindedness, of not necessarily non-judgmental, but much more flexible
with what you chose to do. A certain unspoken encouragement to figure out what you wanted
to do and to be okay with that. I will also admit that in 2004, the entering class, the standards
shifted dramatically from the class of 2005. Just from an admissions stand point., the selectivity
was dramatically different. So a lot of us that graduated in 2008, we feel like we're the last class
of the old Skidmore, before Skidmore became a place where everybody wanted to go, and no
one got in. I think my freshman year, our acceptance rate was something like 40% and now it's
like 20%, in ten years, 15 years. That's a really big difference and that says a lot about the type
of student that goes here. And I don’t think that that shift, I hope not, has not impacted that
desire, that curiosity, that openness to explore yourself, to figure things out. The number of
people I saw who came in Skidmore one way and left Skidmore a very different way, but so
authentically... I don't know if that was just the common college growth that happens
everywhere... I don't think so. I think what happens here is very special. And places like
Skidmore... I don't think Skidmore is the only place on the planet that does it. I think there's
something about a liberal arts college on a beautiful campus with faculty who really want to
engage in the learning and development of students. That produces something special. But I
think you add that to Skidmore's history as an all-women’s institution, Skidmore's history as an
art school, Skidmore's history as an institution believing in creative thought. I think all of that
together allows for that internal exploration, almost a permission to explore yourself. And then
externally I think that marketing itself to students who are looking for something different it
does produce more opportunity to dig. And maybe not be so afraid about it. Because I feel like
a lot of students at giant universities, they kind of wake up and realize they’re not the person
they want to be. I’m not saying that doesn't happen at Skidmore, but for the kids that that does
happen here, there's more opportunity for you to be like “Oh okay I’m going to find some new
people.” I just don’t know if that happens in schools that are more anonymous.

�10
ER: I think it's been changing, a lot of people have been coming for the business department.
JV: It's very famous.
ER: Yeah and I don’t know if it was the same when you were here...?
JV: It was just starting. Because I think also... I think a big factor was Fall 2008, the economy
crashing, Leeman Brothers, all of that., changes the world. when I was a senior in college you
didn’t have to have a job, you didn’t have to know what you were doing. I had a summer job. I
fell into the admissions office. That was normal 10 years ago. Now, if you don’t have everything
lined up in January you're completely screwed. So I also think the changes in the students
coming to Skidmore is a reflection of both how strong the business department actually is but
also because you can do business here and art and it’s not going to pull you one way or the
other. A lot of other schools that have a business school or business program the other things
are secondary, they just are, but here it’s not. And so I do think that that’s probably part of why
that shift has been happening but hasn’t completely over thrown the college. Because I think in
the world we live in today, it could be even more of a business orientation. But I think it’s the
strength in music, the strength in visual art, the strength in dance, the strength in the social
sciences, the strength in the foreign languages, the strength in English. There's so many quality
nonprofessional programs here, and I mean that in relation to professional degrees like an MBA
or a Doctor of Social Work or a doctor of exercise. that’s what I mean by professional as
opposed to the more general term, allows for that dichotomy and the slowing down of the
change, because you do see a lot of liberal arts colleges, there’s a big shift. you see a lot of
liberal arts colleges just get eaten up bigger universities because people don’t see the value
anymore because people don’t see the value anymore.
ER: Yeah, I hope that it doesn't change, I'm worried.
JV: It's fair to be worried I think.

�11
ER: Is there any memory that has come up as you've been here?
JV: I mean that was the crazy part. Myself and a friend who came up, when we first got to
campus we just walked around. And that’s what happened for 45 minutes, just like "Oh my god
this" and "Oh my god that." And I think a lot of stuff occurred, a lot of memories, a lot of crazy
memories, but I think the one that probably shocked me the most was., or surprised me by how
overwhelming it was, was actually something that I didn’t even remember until I was reliving
the experience. So as a psychology and history major almost all my classes were in Tisch
(Learning Center). I was a Tisch kid. I was always in Tisch. I called it the “ology building” when I
was a tour guide, even though history isn’t an ology, and I would literally say that, "although
history isn't an ology." There is the walkway out of Tisch leading to Palamountain (Hall) where
the early childhood center is, right there’s that L covered walkway and all the honey suckle. The
smell of the honey suckle got me. Because I forgot how much that smell was constant, how
strong that smell is, and how often I smelled it. In context to walking from one building to the
other. I was frozen when the smell hit my nostrils and all of these memories just washed over
very quickly. Particularly I used to do observation in the early childhood center. I was a
sophomore and I was taking a child development class. Because at the time I thought I was
going to be more focused on childhood development but not at all, I ended up not doing that at
all. But that was a really interesting semester for me because I had never engaged with
children, and so the combination of the smells and just how much that time influenced me, one
way or the other. So I think that was probably the biggest memory. It was also just to go walk
around and see which professors were still here and which ones are not still here. It was also
nice to see there was more diversity in the faculty, I can tell there’s not much now. but when I
was here there was none. I didn't have a single male of color teach me at Skidmore. Maybe I
had one female of color teach me. I knew there was a male psychology professor, Hassan
Lopez, who I didn’t have until my final year. He was actually the first male of color that I had I’m
pretty sure. I could be wrong about that, but it was so few that... but then looking around and
seeing that there were a handful more teachers of color, said something. now, I’ll be honest,
two percent of the population has a PhD. so were already looking at a very small section of

�12
people. when you look at the cross section of education, there just aren’t that many PhDs that
are black, or Mexican, or anything that isn’t white. so that’s not necessarily a reflection of
Skidmore, but Skidmore could work harder at really finding diverse faculty if they wanted to. so,
there’s always a tension one way or the other. But it was nice to see new faces, it was nice to
see new scholarship from people who are not the standard professorial type. that was really
cool to see.
ER: Yeah Skidmore needs to work on its retention.
JV: Yeah it does.
ER: What else would you like to see improve at Skidmore?
JV: I love this place. I just want to see Skidmore not be so slow about what it does. I loved
seeing the signs on campus letting visitors know, this is renewable, or this is sustainable, or we
have this goal. I saw the goal of 25% food sustainability by 2025. why isn’t it 50%? why isn’t it
75%? obviously that’s ambitious and it would require a lot of thoughtful changes, but Skidmore
is the type of place in my opinion where there are so many creative people here that there’s no
reason why they shouldn’t be pushing themselves harder. I would love to see the
administration push back on some of the faculty who are not as tolerant as they think they are.
that’s one thing that I do know is true. I have kept enough in touch that there have been some
issues in town with students of color and I was very disappointed in how the administration
responded to that. I was very disappointed to see that there was not a 100% defense of the
students. Period. The students were students. Even if they were wrong which they weren’t. but
even if they were wrong, I feel like if they were rich white students, it would have been a whole
different response. and I don’t think that anyone made that decision deliberately, but that’s
what bias is. you don’t see that you would treat someone else differently because of some
immutable factor. If they were rich white kids, "Oh we have to be careful about the parents. the
politics involved...". well why isn’t that same consideration given to a poor brown or black kid?

�13
they have just as much value as a person right? and again I’m not saying that this is Skidmore
only, this is the world we live in, but I think Skidmore could do a better job. particularly since
they have a commitment at least in words, to bring in diversity, to bring in a variety of people.
like I loved seeing that the opportunity program is now one big unit. Because when I was a
student it was HEOP and AOP, no one really knew what AOP was, all the HEOP kids were
clumped together because they were from New York City. And it was nice that they were on
campus, but they were completely ostracized from everyone else. No one intended to do that
but that’s what it was. And so as a student of color who was in neither program, it was weird.
So now to see that all the opportunity programs are all together, there’s a whole place for
them. That just made me feel like okay this is the kind of action that I want to see. Why did it
take so long? I was sad to see that some of the administrators who have left, why they’ve left…
That made me kind of sad. But I think it is important to remind the Skidmore community that
you can’t rest on your laurels. That just because you are better in a lot of ways than other
institutions that doesn’t mean that you get to slow down, that doesn’t mean you get to set
targets that everyone else should set. That I’m disappointed by. But not disappointed enough
to not care, but just be like, “Hey.” Like you know when you get disappointed in your friends
who don’t live up to their potential? That's kind of how I feel sometimes. That we could be
pushing ourselves more. We could be doing more. We could be having more courageous
conversations with ourselves, with each other, around these sensitive issues. Like it was great
to see a Black Lives Matter thing in Case Center. That’s great. But do the Black lives here
actually feel like they matter? Because there was a time when I was a student where a lot of
black lives didn't feel like they mattered as much. I never really felt that. But just because I
don’t doesn’t mean it’s not true for other people. So that’s why I would say I would want to
push Skidmore, particularly in a place like Saratoga Springs that's very different than the people
who come to school here. We could be fostering more education, more awareness. I don’t
mean tolerance in the sense of just accepting. But I really mean like, “You have wrong beliefs
because you’re not educated in the right things so let’s provide you more education.” Let’s give
you more opportunities to step outside your comfort zone. Because people believe things

�14
because they don’t have anything else to counter that belief. They have no experience, no
exposure. There is so much here that could make Saratoga better and they don’t do enough.
ER: We really don’t engage in Saratoga.
JV: And I will admit, I know enough to know that the town doesn’t really want them to. But that
doesn’t mean you accept it. That doesn’t mean you say, "Okay you don't want us then fine."
There are enough educated, thoughtful, powerful, rich people in this community, Skidmore's
community. They could be on seats in the board in town. They could be actively engaged in
changing Saratoga. But they don’t want to. So that’s what I mean by pushing more.
ER: And it's even true for pushing faculty more. Faculty and staff showed up though...
JV: That must mean they want to try. I feel like, the one thing that I want younger people like
you to hear, because I was where you were at some point, I'm on my way to that other point,
young people are impatient, you are. Because for you, you see the way... It’s like "This is how it
should be! Why is it not?" And that's great, never lose that. But just remember that as you get
older, you begin to understand why things are older, that doesn’t just defy it. But I guess try to
find the wins. Because the story you just said, makes me think, "Okay, at least the staff want to
engage." Maybe enough kids didn't come, but the fact that there were a lot of staff members
who came, that says that there's a willingness to have the conversation and that’s huge. And
my fear is that young people, the younger people, haven’t lived enough to recognize, haven't
lived enough to recognize how much it is to get someone to come to the table. And that open
mindedness is a lot more difficult than you think. I have found a lot of progressives and liberals
are some of the most closeminded people I’ve ever met because they think they’re right. And
I’ll admit I use to be like that when i was young, I was like, " I’m right. Why would I be openminded? I’m open-minded because I’m right!" Actually, if you think that you're right, you’re not
open-minded. So let’s talk about... Do we really want open-minded-ness? Is it actually a good
thing? Or do we want closemindedness that’s correct? I don’t know I’m just saying that it’s
important that young people just recognize that experience does dictate how you see the

�15
world. And even in my own job, I had seven things I wanted to do this year, I got three of them
done and I learned, I was like, "You know what? I’m going to be proud of those three things
because everybody else is super proud of them. I’m the only one that’s mad that I didn’t get to
do all seven. And my boss was like, "Jacob, we only have room as people, for three things a
year. You want to do more than 3 things? take away something," just, that’s something that I’ve
had to learn and grow with. But don’t ever lose the passion. just, almost forgive yourself as you
move through it. Because you’re going to get a point where you’re going to be 30 and you’re
going to realize, "Oh there's so much more." And that’s not to excuse slowness, that’s not to
excuse behavior, but I think it does help from becoming a state of despair. I feel like a lot of
young people after the election were in a state of despair. And rightfully so it was a despairing
moment for a lot of people. But it’s been almost two years now. were in the second year, right?
were still here, were alive, people are fighting. it’s an awareness now and that’s valuable. That’s
more valuable than if she had won and people didn’t know that they lived in the world they live
in. And so being able to have this dialogue about Skidmore, if nothing else, the people who are
interested in making change at Skidmore listen to all the different people have all these
different opinions and stories and histories about Skidmore, if you really want to make it a
better place, listen to what people have said. Don’t just take what they’re saying as truth, but
listen to the whole thing. What’s the points that seem to be sticking out? And how does that
relate to what the students right now are saying? What’s the parallel? What’s the dissonance?
It’s hard to be a leader. It’s easy to want to lead. It’s very hard to actually lead. But I’m excited
to see how Skidmore plays out over the next 10 years, see what kinds of students come here,
what changes happen, what changes don’t happen. Because there’s some things what just
shouldn’t change, but it shouldn’t not change simply because they don't want it to. There
should be a reason that it stays the same. If you can’t come up with that reason, then it’s got to
change. And I think any alum would be okay with it changing for the right reason. So I’m excited
to see how it all plays out.
ER: I’m excited to see what you do.

�16
JV: Oh well thank you. That's very nice.
ER: Thank you so much.
JV: My pleasure.
ER: This was really great.
JV: Absolutely. I enjoyed it.

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&#13;
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                <text>Con el Pensamiento en el Cielo/With Your Thoughts on the Sky</text>
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                <text>Se te va el pensamiento, de pronto dejas de estar aquí,  estás en cuerpo pero no en pensamiento, pensando en los que no están contigo y que quisieras que estuvieran  y cuando de pronto reaccionas que estuviste ya ha pasado la belleza del lugar donde estabas.&#13;
&#13;
You are thinking, you suddenly stop being here, you are in body, but not in thought, thinking of those who are not with you and that you wish were, and when you suddenly realize, you were there all along, but the beauty of the place where you were has passed. </text>
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                  <text>Oral History</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Many people who have worked or studied at Skidmore College or lived in Saratoga Springs or the surrounding area carry the memories that help us tell the stories of our communities. &#13;
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              <text>Samantha Murphy</text>
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              <text>Lucy Scribner Library, Saratoga Springs N.Y</text>
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          <name>Record Contributor</name>
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              <text>Samantha Murphy</text>
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                <text>October 26, 2019</text>
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                <text>Samantha Murphy, '23</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
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                <text>Joseph Levy</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
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                <text>Skidmore Saratoga Memory Project </text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This is an interview with Joesph Levy, a photographer who moved to Saratoga in the 70's. He is known for is photography at the Saratoga Race Track, and also ran for state senate with the Green Party. Levy has made an impact on the arts community in Saratoga and is keeping the Green party alive for future generations.  In this interview, you will learn about his life growing up, his life in Saratoga and his work in politics.</text>
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        <name>Arts Photographer</name>
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        <name>Green Party</name>
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        <name>Hyde Collection</name>
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        <name>Photographer</name>
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        <name>Photography</name>
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        <name>Saratoga Arts</name>
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        <name>Saratoga Arts Workshop</name>
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        <name>Saratoga County</name>
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        <name>Saratoga County Green Party</name>
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        <name>Saratoga County Politics</name>
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        <name>Saratoga Race Course</name>
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        <name>St Yaddow</name>
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        <name>Track Photographer</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <name>Date</name>
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                  <text>1700-</text>
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      <name>Map</name>
      <description>Cartographic document</description>
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          <name>Creator - Individual</name>
          <description>Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.</description>
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              <text>Mott, Samuel J.</text>
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          <name>Date Depicted (Display)</name>
          <description>Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.</description>
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              <text>1949 (revision of 1939 map)</text>
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          <name>Date Depicted (Numeric)</name>
          <description>Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."</description>
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              <text>1949</text>
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          <description>Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.</description>
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              <text>1949 (revision of 1939 map)</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Date Published (Numeric)</name>
          <description>Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.</description>
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              <text>1949</text>
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          <description>Name of the repository that holds the original item.</description>
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              <text>Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress</text>
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              <text>Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library</text>
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          <name>Scope</name>
          <description>Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park).  This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.</description>
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          <name>Abstract (&amp; Historical Note)</name>
          <description>Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features. &#13;
&#13;
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.&#13;
&#13;
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.</description>
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              <text>This map is an updated version of the previous 1939 version. A few differences included are depicted with zone numbers  the city reservoir, new, library, casino community center, junior high addition, new playground, two possible playfields, new housing, new street, possible highway, possible parking area, improved sewage pump station, and a village brook drain.</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Type</name>
          <description>For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.</description>
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              <text>Outline maps</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="1681">
              <text>Property maps</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="1682">
              <text>Road maps</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Theme</name>
          <description>For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.</description>
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              <text>Cities and Towns</text>
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              <text>Civic Life</text>
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              <text>Property and Development</text>
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              <text>Recreation</text>
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        <element elementId="119">
          <name>Record Contributor</name>
          <description>Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.</description>
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              <text>R. (Zach) Mooring &#13;
Jordana Dym&#13;
Emily Sloan</text>
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        <element elementId="111">
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&#13;
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&#13;
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.</description>
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              <text>City Reservoir (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Corporation Line&#13;
Saratoga Golf Club (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Public works (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)-- water works, water supply&#13;
Recreation-- Athletic Field&#13;
Saratoga Race Course (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Greenridge Cemetery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
St. Peter's Catholic Cemetery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
St. Faith's School (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
St. Clement's Church (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Skidmore College (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
City Casino (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Saratoga National Bank (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
State Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Saratoga Harness (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Transportation--railroad&#13;
Transportation--highways&#13;
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        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Place of Publication</name>
          <description>The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.</description>
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              <text>Saratoga Springs, N.Y.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Subject - Geographic</name>
          <description>Library of Congress subject headings.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>This map is an updated version of the previous 1939 version. A few differences included are depicted with zone numbers the city reservoir, new, library, casino community center, junior high addition, new playground, two possible playfields, new housing, new street, possible highway, possible parking area, improved sewage pump station, and a village brook drain. The map shows a mid-20th century focus on urban development and rejuvenation in Saratoga Springs.</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;Peg Boyers is a Skidmore alumni and faculty lecturer in the English Department, as well as executive editor of Salmagundi Magazine. She spoke with Skidmore Student Sarah Coker at her home in Saratoga Springs on March 25&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;2016 about Cuban identity, Cubans in the United States, and her travel experiences as a child.&lt;/div&gt;&#13;
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        <name>Latino</name>
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        <name>Latinx</name>
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        <name>migration</name>
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        <name>Skidmore College</name>
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          <description>Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.</description>
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          <description>Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.</description>
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          <description>Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.</description>
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              <text>2013</text>
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          <description>Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."</description>
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          <description>Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.</description>
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          <description>Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.</description>
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              <text>2013</text>
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          <name>Scope</name>
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          <name>Type</name>
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          <name>Theme</name>
          <description>For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.</description>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Aquatic Habitats</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>A map of the aquatic habitats in saratoga County. Includes a legend that ranks water system quality based on species, habitats, connectivity, and natural/impervious land cover types.  </text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Saratoga PLAN, with help from GIS consultant Seleen Associates</text>
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          <description>Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.</description>
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              <text>Jillian Seigel</text>
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          <name>Record Creation Date</name>
          <description>Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit</description>
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                <text>Railroads grew with Saratoga Springs</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Saratoga Sketches</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Transportation</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Architecture is the direct result of the growth of a city. Each structure built in Saratoga Springs is a response to the changing economy and the expansion of a city.</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Advertisements by Saratoga Spa Authority </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Saratoga Spa Authoirty</text>
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              <text>Saratoga Springs Chamber of Commerce</text>
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          <description>Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.</description>
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          <description>Name of the repository that holds the original item.</description>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Date Published (Numeric)</name>
          <description>Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.</description>
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        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Date Depicted (Numeric)</name>
          <description>Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="218">
              <text>1950</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="101">
          <name>Date Depicted (Display)</name>
          <description>Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="219">
              <text>ca. 1950s</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Caption</name>
          <description>This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="220">
              <text>"Bottom of map: 'For information on hotels, guest houses, and restaurants: Write for Chamber of Commerce List or Ask at Information Center' and 'Bus service provides easy access to all parts of the city.'"</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="121">
          <name>Abstract (&amp; Historical Note)</name>
          <description>Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features. &#13;
&#13;
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.&#13;
&#13;
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="221">
              <text>This color pictorial map is a fold-out brochure created by the Saratoga Springs Chamber of Commerce to serve tourists.&#13;
&#13;
Recto: &#13;
The brochure titled "Visit Saratoga Springs: King of Resorts, Queen of Spas" promises "Recreation and Relaxation" in Saratoga. The top panels of the brochure detail some of the summer highlights of Saratoga Springs (eg. Saratoga Lake, horse racing, golf courses, spas, and historic sites). There is an inset map that details the modes of transport to access Saratoga Springs (by motor, rail, or air). The bottom half of the brochure outlines winter attractions in Saratoga (eg. skating, Skidmore College Winter Carnival, bowling etc.) as well as year-round activities (eg. ice fishing, baths, concerts, and dining). Black and white drawings accompany each activity/site outlined in the brochure.&#13;
&#13;
Verso: This side of the brochure includes a colored map as well as a list of "points of interest." The map focuses on downtown Saratoga Springs and offers an outline of streets (not drawn to scale) and modes of transport to and from the city. Larger than life-size drawings depict iconography of Saratoga Springs (eg. golf course, race horses, colonial solider from the Battle of Saratoga 1777, boating on Saratoga Lake, and mineral springs). The points of interest key (that uses numbers to mark important sites) offer brief explanations of the attractions/activities of Saratoga during the summer as well as offer information about the public or private accessibility of the attraction.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Type</name>
          <description>For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="222">
              <text>Pictorial maps</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="406">
              <text>Tourist maps</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="407">
              <text>Color maps</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="111">
          <name>Subject - Details</name>
          <description>This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.&#13;
&#13;
For maps:  (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer. &#13;
&#13;
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="223">
              <text>Bathing Beach (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Boston and Maine Railroad&#13;
Canfield Casino (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Convention Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation&#13;
Grand Union Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Iconography--mineral springs&#13;
Iconography--race track&#13;
Iconography--horse&#13;
McGregor Golf Club (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Petrified Gardens (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Saratoga Battlefield (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Saratoga Golf Club (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Saratoga National Historical Park (N.Y.)&#13;
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Broadway&#13;
Saratoga Springs Public Schools (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Skidmore College&#13;
Yaddo (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Transportation--airport&#13;
Transportation--railroad&#13;
Transportation--highways&#13;
N.Y.S. Forest Nursery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.) (formerly Tree Nursery)&#13;
Saratoga Springs Chamber of Commerce&#13;
Saratoga Racing Association&#13;
Inniscarra (Chauncey Olcott Cottage) (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.) &#13;
Ash Grove Farms (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
U.S. Government Fur Animal Experimental Station (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Saratoga Spa State Park (N.Y.)&#13;
Geyser Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Saratoga Springs Public Library (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Lincoln Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Recreation&#13;
Washington Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Broadway Drink Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Post office (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Congress Theatre (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Iroquois Indians</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="117">
          <name>Scope</name>
          <description>Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park).  This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="224">
              <text>City</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="119">
          <name>Record Contributor</name>
          <description>Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="225">
              <text>Deirdre. Schiff  &#13;
Allie Smith</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Theme</name>
          <description>For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="408">
              <text>Travel and Tourism</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="409">
              <text>Recreation</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="410">
              <text>Transportation</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Subject - Geographic</name>
          <description>Library of Congress subject headings.&#13;
&#13;
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="411">
              <text>Hathorn Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
High Rock Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Lake Lonely (N.Y. : Lake)&#13;
Loughberry Lake (N.Y. : Lake)&#13;
Saratoga County (N.Y.)&#13;
Saratoga Lake (N.Y. : Lake)&#13;
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="120">
          <name>Record Creation Date</name>
          <description>Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="7121">
              <text>6/1/2014&#13;
3/21/2015</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211">
                <text>Visit Saratoga Springs, King of Resorts, Queen of Spas</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2957">
                <text>1950s</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2958">
                <text>Saratoga Springs Chamber of Commerce</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2959">
                <text>english</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2960">
                <text>Saratoga Springs Chamber of Commerce</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="13">
        <name>business</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="99">
        <name>color map</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="37">
        <name>nature</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="19">
        <name>parks</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="35">
        <name>race tracl</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="34">
        <name>railroads</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="16">
        <name>recreation</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="36">
        <name>schools</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="26">
        <name>transportation</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="210" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="466">
        <src>https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/b864b2536dce686a5a0bad5a49a4f796.jpg</src>
        <authentication>957b4197ddd19bd619f6011c9541cd37</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="467">
        <src>https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/5d4571d90a85cf1c172fde48e23651ca.jpg</src>
        <authentication>802030343ad13084ea49a614adbd8bd5</authentication>
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      <file fileId="468">
        <src>https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/6ae09c381d4b4fef0c5d33c6b4aa5b72.jpg</src>
        <authentication>2b777dd11e23f6677cb054fc5540ecac</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="34">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5030">
                  <text>Mapping Saratoga Springs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5031">
                  <text>1700-</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>Map</name>
      <description>Cartographic document</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="10">
          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3202">
              <text>col. map 185 x 141 cm. on 3 sheets 70 x 148 cm. or smaller.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Scale</name>
          <description>The scale of the item (if known)</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3203">
              <text>ca. 1:322,000</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="119">
          <name>Record Contributor</name>
          <description>Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3204">
              <text>J. Dym</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="120">
          <name>Record Creation Date</name>
          <description>Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3205">
              <text>3/29/2014</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3197">
                <text>A chorographical map of the Province of New-York in North America, divided into counties, manors, patents and townships; exhibiting likewise all the private grants of land made and located in that Province; </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3198">
                <text>1779</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3199">
                <text>Scale ca. 1:322,000. Hand colored. Prime meridian: London. Relief shown by hachures. Depths shown by form lines. Inscribed: To His Excellency Major General William Tryon ... "Advertisement. The tracts of land coloured red, are military grants ... Those with a green edge are manors, and those coloured yellow are townships ... " Appears in Thomas Jefferys' The American atlas. 1776</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3200">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3201">
                <text>Sauthier, Claude Joseph</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3206">
                <text>William Faden</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="245">
        <name>map</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="1">
        <src>https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/c99368253e9c1340349334dda4881f08.jpg</src>
        <authentication>fbb2fe4ab21685b99d422a6757b741e4</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="34">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5030">
                  <text>Mapping Saratoga Springs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5031">
                  <text>1700-</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>Map</name>
      <description>Cartographic document</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Date Published (Numeric)</name>
          <description>Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19">
              <text>1810</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="99">
          <name>Date Published (Display)</name>
          <description>Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20">
              <text>ca. 1810</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Date Depicted (Numeric)</name>
          <description>Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="21">
              <text>1810</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="101">
          <name>Date Depicted (Display)</name>
          <description>Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="22">
              <text>1810</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Related Maps</name>
          <description>There will be many cases where multiple maps are in effect only slight variations on a single original. If we are certain, or even pretty sure, that one map is just a slightly altered version of another,the related versions should be listed here.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="24">
              <text>A 20th century copy of this map, with the same title and several additions/modifications, is in the Saratoga Springs City Historian's Office.  A brittle contemporary  copy, is in the Saratoga County Historian's office.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Type</name>
          <description>For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="263">
              <text>City Plan</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="264">
              <text>Early maps</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="265">
              <text>Manuscript maps</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="121">
          <name>Abstract (&amp; Historical Note)</name>
          <description>Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features. &#13;
&#13;
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.&#13;
&#13;
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="267">
              <text>Plats – scale divisions of land or property – are an important form of urban cartography. Three versions of this 1810 plat, one of the earliest of Saratoga Springs, show founder Gideon Putnam’s properties shortly before his death, mapping out Saratoga Springs’ transition from rural land to urban settlement. Putnam and his wife Doanda settled in the area 1789. As he cleared his several hundred acres, Putnam found a number of springs along the fault line, realized their potential, and established Putnam’s Tavern and Boarding House in 1802, beginning Saratoga Springs’ rise as a tourist destination and thriving resort center.&#13;
&#13;
The Scott map is both foundational and influential. It exists in as an elegant original, drawn in red and black, in the New York State Archives. There are at least two later versions, all of them manuscript (hand-drawn): an 1825 copy, drawn by G.G. Scott, son of the original surveyor and held by Saratoga County; and a twentieth-century tracing, with a few buildings added for good measure, in the City Historian’s Office. This plat continued to be cited in property cases well into the 20th century.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Theme</name>
          <description>For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="268">
              <text>Property and Development</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="269">
              <text>Manuscript Maps</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="270">
              <text>Religion and Spirituality</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="95">
          <name>Creator - Individual</name>
          <description>Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.</description>
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              <text>Scott, James</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="118">
          <name>Repository</name>
          <description>Name of the repository that holds the original item.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2454">
              <text>New York State Archives</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="117">
          <name>Scope</name>
          <description>Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park).  This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2455">
              <text>Property</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Subject - Geographic</name>
          <description>Library of Congress subject headings.&#13;
&#13;
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2456">
              <text>Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Maps</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="113">
          <name>Subject - Name</name>
          <description>Names of individuals associated with the item.  Last name first.&#13;
&#13;
For Maps: People represented on the map itself. In nearly every case, this field will be used when people are pictured on the map (several maps in this project are decorated with photographs or engravings in the margins). Use authorized versions of the name from the Library of Congress Name Authority File where possible.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2457">
              <text>Scott, James. Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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          <name>Record Contributor</name>
          <description>Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Jordana Dym&#13;
Deirdre Schiff&#13;
Emily Sloan</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10">
                <text>Map of a number of building lots near the Congress Spring in the town of Saratoga Springs in the county of Saratoga : being the property of the heirs of Gideon Putnam deceased as the same was surveyed in April 1810</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Manuscript</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="13">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2452">
                <text>POLYGON((-8214665.9307504 5324326.5962501,-8214594.2710364 5324030.4027655,-8213591.0350403 5324087.7305368,-8213586.2577261 5324560.6846492,-8214665.9307504 5324326.5962501))|15|-8214063.9891528|5323966.2822506|osm&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2961">
                <text>1810</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Scott, James</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="82">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2968">
                <text>Paper</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3442">
                <text>Three versions of this 1810 plat, one of the earliest of Saratoga Springs, show founder Gideon Putnam’s properties shortly before his death, mapping out Saratoga Springs’ transition from rural land to urban settlement. Putnam and his wife Doanda settled in the area 1789. </text>
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          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="61">
        <name>19th century</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="9">
        <name>Gideon Putnam</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="4">
        <name>manuscript</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5">
        <name>plat</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="8">
        <name>springs</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
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            <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="41">
                <name>Description</name>
                <description>An account of the resource</description>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="2934">
                    <text>Photo courtesy of &lt;a title="Michael McCabe" href="http://michaelmccabe.com/"&gt;Michael McCabe&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
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        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5030">
                  <text>Mapping Saratoga Springs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5031">
                  <text>1700-</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>Map</name>
      <description>Cartographic document</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="118">
          <name>Repository</name>
          <description>Name of the repository that holds the original item.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="44">
              <text>Saratoga County Historian's Office (Saratoga County, N.Y.)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Date Published (Numeric)</name>
          <description>Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="45">
              <text>1825</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="99">
          <name>Date Published (Display)</name>
          <description>Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="46">
              <text>1825</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Date Depicted (Numeric)</name>
          <description>Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="47">
              <text>1810</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="101">
          <name>Date Depicted (Display)</name>
          <description>Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="48">
              <text>1810</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="119">
          <name>Record Contributor</name>
          <description>Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="49">
              <text>Jordana Dym &#13;
Allie Smith </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Type</name>
          <description>For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="56">
              <text>Aerial views</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="966">
              <text>Property maps</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Related Maps</name>
          <description>There will be many cases where multiple maps are in effect only slight variations on a single original. If we are certain, or even pretty sure, that one map is just a slightly altered version of another,the related versions should be listed here.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="58">
              <text>This is an 1825 copy of the 1810 Scott map, with the same title and several additions/modifications, It is in the Saratoga Springs County Historian's Office. A 20th century illustrated copy, is in the Saratoga City Historian's office, and an elegant, colored ms. is in the NY State Library.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="121">
          <name>Abstract (&amp; Historical Note)</name>
          <description>Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features. &#13;
&#13;
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.&#13;
&#13;
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="964">
              <text>The original Scott map is both foundational and influential. It inspired at least two later versions, all of them manuscript (hand-drawn): this 1825 copy, drawn by G.G. Scott, son of the original surveyor and held by Saratoga County. Since the map is cited in the 1826 charter incorporating Saratoga Springs, perhaps G.G. Scott made it to help establish the corporation line.&#13;
&#13;
This map, drawn to indicate the properties belonging to Gideon Putnam, served as a document to detail the inheritance of his heirs after his death. This map is particularly damaged and several tears have compromised the readability.&#13;
&#13;
Road widths are indicated in some instances.&#13;
&#13;
This copy is drawn by G.G. Scott, son of the original mapmaker,  It includes pencil annotations suggesting later city planners or agents consulted this original as property ownership changed and the lot was further divided.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="117">
          <name>Scope</name>
          <description>Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park).  This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="965">
              <text>Property</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Theme</name>
          <description>For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="967">
              <text>Property and Development</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="111">
          <name>Subject - Details</name>
          <description>This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.&#13;
&#13;
For maps:  (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer. &#13;
&#13;
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="968">
              <text>Bath House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Boarding House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Compass rose&#13;
Congress Bath (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Meeting House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)&#13;
Property&#13;
School House (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Subject - Geographic</name>
          <description>Library of Congress subject headings.&#13;
&#13;
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="969">
              <text>Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="113">
          <name>Subject - Name</name>
          <description>Names of individuals associated with the item.  Last name first.&#13;
&#13;
For Maps: People represented on the map itself. In nearly every case, this field will be used when people are pictured on the map (several maps in this project are decorated with photographs or engravings in the margins). Use authorized versions of the name from the Library of Congress Name Authority File where possible.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="970">
              <text>Putnam, Gideon, 1763-1812. Landowner, Developer, Entrepreneur. Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Place of Publication</name>
          <description>The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="971">
              <text>Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="120">
          <name>Record Creation Date</name>
          <description>Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="7133">
              <text>5/27/2014&#13;
2/9/2015</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="42">
                <text>A map of a number of building lots lying near the Congress [Spring] in the town of Saratoga Springs and county of Saratoga : [being] the property of the heirs of Gideon Putnam [deceased] as the same was surveyed in April 1810 by James Scott Surveyor&#13;
By G.G. Scott, Ballston &#13;
August, 1825</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="55">
                <text>Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Maps&#13;
Putnam, Gideon&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="57">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2932">
                <text>1825</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2933">
                <text>Scott, James</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3441">
                <text>Three versions of this 1810 plat, one of the earliest of Saratoga Springs, show founder Gideon Putnam’s properties shortly before his death, mapping out Saratoga Springs’ transition from rural land to urban settlement. Putnam and his wife Doanda settled in the area 1789. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="4">
        <name>manuscript</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5">
        <name>plat</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="7">
        <name>Putnam</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="8">
        <name>springs</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1064" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
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        <authentication>900ecf2d0032defa0f3112a486cfcbf3</authentication>
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    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="32">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5012">
                  <text>Saratoga Springs History</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5015">
                  <text>1706-</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="119">
          <name>Record Contributor</name>
          <description>Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="9308">
              <text>Jillian Seigel</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="120">
          <name>Record Creation Date</name>
          <description>Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="9309">
              <text>43270</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9301">
                <text>Planning Board opposed to housing proposal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9302">
                <text>12/12/74</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9303">
                <text>Shapiro, Seth</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9304">
                <text>The Saratogian</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9305">
                <text>Urban Renewal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
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                    <text>Mapping
a City
1915:
Incorporating a City
Early 20th century Saratoga
Springs faced a decline in its
popularity as a resort and
conference destination. Seeking
to reinvent its image and assert
its place as an upstate New
York hub, town leaders started
several projects, working with
state officials, to conserve the
mineral springs and bring the
visitors back.
A defining moment for the
town’s revitalization came with
its incorporation as a city in
1915, which capped a period of
municipal conservation efforts
and a new era of mapping and
zoning. 100 years since the city
charter was signed, this exhibit
tells the city’s origins and
growth through its maps.

Map Stories of
Saratoga Springs
Maps chart the tale of Saratoga
Springs' settlement, establishment as a separate district
within the town of Saratoga in
1819, erection as an independent village in 1826, and receipt
of a city charter from New
York State in 1915.
Maps also reveal what mattered
to visitors and residents: parks
and parking, routes and roads,
attractions and business, land
and buildings, planning and
development, what worked and
what should change..

250 Years of
Saratoga Springs
History

Saratoga Springs History Museum
1 E Congress St
Saratoga Springs, New York 12866
www.saratogahistory.org
Exhibit Website:
http:://ssmp.skidmore.edu/

Centennial Anniversary
of the City of Saratoga
Springs

�2
1

Timeline

The Past Through Maps
The citizens of Saratoga Springs, N.Y.,
might think of making a map in order to
influence policy (Figure 1) or of consulting
one to plan a trip or to showcase in homes,
schools and libraries (Figure 2). But maps
also reveal a lot about the communities that
made them--their ideas and values, their
way of seeing the world, their hopes and
dreams. In other words, maps tell stories.
Accessible by Native American trails as
early as the 17th century, the springs of
Saratoga and the settlement that grew
around them began to find their way onto
many kinds of maps--official surveys, city

plans, tourist guides, and real estate brochures with late-18th c. European settlement.
Small-scale and large scale, businesslike or
humorous, black &amp; white or color, these
historical maps provide details or data
about the city's past.
Maps takes us through Saratoga Springs'
history from its origins as a crossroads
between Canada, New York and New
England and a draw for the healing power
of its mineral waters to its present day as a
lively spot for meetings, nightlife, and
recreation.

1777 Battle of Saratoga
1789 Gideon Putnam arrived in
Saratoga Springs
1791 Saratoga County established
1803 Putnam’s Boarding House
built
1819 Saratoga Springs becomes a
district, town of Saratoga
1824 United States Hotel opens
1826 Saratoga Springs Village
Charter
1833 First steam locomotive to
Saratoga Springs
1863 Racetrack opens
1893 Convention Hall opens
1911 Racetrack closes for two
seasons
1913 Village Park – later
Congress Park – opens
1915 City Charter adopted by NY
State Legislature
1918 Saratoga County Chamber
of Commerce forms
1923 First zoning map
1951 Saratoga Springs casinos
closed
1963 Northway (I-87) opens
1966 Saratoga Performing Arts
Center opens
1984 City Center opens
2004 Saratoga Gaming &amp;
Raceway opens
2015 Centennial of City Charter

�</text>
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                    <text>	&#13;  
	&#13;  

	&#13;  

Visit	&#13;  the	&#13;  Exhibit’s	&#13;  Website	&#13;  
To	&#13;  find	&#13;  out	&#13;  more	&#13;  information	&#13;  about	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs’	&#13;  maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  
history,	&#13;  or	&#13;  to	&#13;  take	&#13;  a	&#13;  closer	&#13;  look	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  objects	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  exhibit,	&#13;  
please	&#13;  visit	&#13;  us	&#13;  at:	&#13;  

http://ssmp.skidmore.edu/exhibits/show/mappingsaratoga	&#13;  

Many	&#13;  Thanks	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  curatorial	&#13;  team	&#13;  worked	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  Spring	&#13;  T eam:	&#13;  Deirdre	&#13;  Schiff	&#13;  ’15,	&#13;  
Eiko	&#13;  Franklin	&#13;  ‘16,	&#13;  Erik	&#13;  Morrison	&#13;  ‘15,	&#13;  Giulia	&#13;  Morrone	&#13;  ‘15,	&#13;  Elana	&#13;  Scaglia	&#13;  
‘15,	&#13;  Emily	&#13;  Sloan	&#13;  ’15,	&#13;  and	&#13;  Allie	&#13;  Smith	&#13;  ’15	&#13;  	&#13;  to	&#13;  convert	&#13;  ideas	&#13;  to	&#13;  exhibition.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
Contributors	&#13;  and	&#13;  Brain	&#13;  Trust:	&#13;  It	&#13;  takes	&#13;  a	&#13;  village	&#13;  to	&#13;  mount	&#13;  this	&#13;  kind	&#13;  of	&#13;  
show.	&#13;  	&#13;  We	&#13;  relied	&#13;  on	&#13;  many	&#13;  area	&#13;  experts,	&#13;  including	&#13;  Lauren	&#13;  Roberts,	&#13;  Alex	&#13;  
Chaucer,	&#13;  Bob	&#13;  Jones,	&#13;  Beth	&#13;  Dupont,	&#13;  Lauren	&#13;  Shapiro	&#13;  ’15,	&#13;  Mark	&#13;  Olson,	&#13;  
Martin	&#13;  Brückner,	&#13;  Field	&#13;  Horne,	&#13;  Matt	&#13;  Veitch,	&#13;  Harvey	&#13;  and	&#13;  Cassie	&#13;  Fox,	&#13;  
Donald	&#13;  Carpenter,	&#13;  the	&#13;  
Corporation	&#13;  of	&#13;  Yaddo,	&#13;  Michael	&#13;  
McCabe,	&#13;  the	&#13;  Alfred	&#13;  Z.	&#13;  Solomon	&#13;  
Charitable	&#13;  Trust,	&#13;  JIMAPCO,	&#13;  and	&#13;  
many	&#13;  more.	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  History	&#13;  Museum	&#13;  
1	&#13;  E	&#13;  Congress	&#13;  St	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs,	&#13;  N Y	&#13;  12866	&#13;  
	&#13;   saratogahistory.org	&#13;  

Surveyors’	&#13;  Tools	&#13;  
	&#13;  

Mapping	&#13;  A	&#13;  City	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Seen	&#13;  Through	&#13;  	&#13;  
250	&#13;  Years	&#13;  of	&#13;  Maps	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  April-­‐December	&#13;  2015	&#13;  

�	&#13;  

About	&#13;  the	&#13;  Project	&#13;  

A	&#13;  Brief	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Timeline	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  Foundation:	&#13;  From	&#13;  Town	&#13;  To	&#13;  Village	&#13;  	&#13;  
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•
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•
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1777	&#13;  Battle	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  	&#13;  
1789	&#13;  Gideon	&#13;  Putnam	&#13;  arrives	&#13;  in	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
1791	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  County	&#13;  established	&#13;  
1803	&#13;  Putnam’s	&#13;  Boarding	&#13;  House	&#13;  built	&#13;  
1819	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  becomes	&#13;  a	&#13;  district	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
town	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  
1824	&#13;  United	&#13;  States	&#13;  Hotel	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1826	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Village	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  
1833	&#13;  First	&#13;  steam	&#13;  locomotive	&#13;  to	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
1863	&#13;  Racetrack	&#13;  opens	&#13;  	&#13;  
1893	&#13;  Convention	&#13;  Hall	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1911	&#13;  Racetrack	&#13;  closes	&#13;  for	&#13;  two	&#13;  seasons	&#13;  
1913	&#13;  Village	&#13;  P ark	&#13;  –	&#13;  later	&#13;  Congress	&#13;  Park	&#13;  –	&#13;  opens	&#13;  

A	&#13;  City	&#13;  Rises	&#13;  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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	&#13;  

1915	&#13;  City	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  adopted	&#13;  by	&#13;  NY	&#13;  State	&#13;  Legislature	&#13;  
	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  Trolley	&#13;  station	&#13;  (now	&#13;  Visitors	&#13;  Center)	&#13;  open	&#13;  	&#13;  
1918	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  County	&#13;  Chamber	&#13;  of	&#13;  Commerce	&#13;  forms	&#13;  
1923	&#13;  First	&#13;  zoning	&#13;  map	&#13;  adopted	&#13;  by	&#13;  the	&#13;  City	&#13;  Council	&#13;  
1941	&#13;  Trolley	&#13;  station	&#13;  becomes	&#13;  state	&#13;  park	&#13;  drink	&#13;  hall	&#13;  
1951	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  casinos	&#13;  close	&#13;  
1963	&#13;  Northway	&#13;  (I-­‐87)	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1966	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Performing	&#13;  Arts	&#13;  Center	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1984	&#13;  City	&#13;  Center	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
2004	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Gaming	&#13;  &amp;	&#13;  Raceway	&#13;  begins	&#13;  
2015	&#13;  Centennial	&#13;  of	&#13;  City	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  

To	&#13;  celebrate	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs'	&#13;  centennial	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  city,	&#13;  the	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  
Springs	&#13;  History	&#13;  M useum	&#13;  presents	&#13;  this	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  that	&#13;  tells	&#13;  the	&#13;  story	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  
city	&#13;  through	&#13;  historical	&#13;  maps.	&#13;  This	&#13;  exhibition	&#13;  is	&#13;  the	&#13;  fruit	&#13;  of	&#13;  two	&#13;  years	&#13;  of	&#13;  
collaboration	&#13;  between	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  and	&#13;  the	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  History	&#13;  
Museum,	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Public	&#13;  Library	&#13;  (Saratoga	&#13;  Room),	&#13;  City	&#13;  
Historian,	&#13;  and	&#13;  County	&#13;  Historian.	&#13;  Thanks	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  many	&#13;  Saratogians	&#13;  and	&#13;  
Skidmore	&#13;  community	&#13;  members	&#13;  who	&#13;  helped	&#13;  bring	&#13;  it	&#13;  together,	&#13;  
transforming	&#13;  an	&#13;  idea	&#13;  to	&#13;  class	&#13;  project	&#13;  to	&#13;  exhibition.	&#13;  

First	&#13;  Steps	&#13;  
A	&#13;  committee	&#13;  led	&#13;  by	&#13;  Teri	&#13;  Blasko	&#13;  (Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Public	&#13;  Library).	&#13;  
Jordana	&#13;  Dym	&#13;  (Skidmore),	&#13;  Mary-­‐Ann	&#13;  Fitzgerald	&#13;  (City	&#13;  Historian),	&#13;  Jamie	&#13;  
Parillo	&#13;  (SS	&#13;  History	&#13;  Museum),	&#13;  and	&#13;  Rachel	&#13;  Seligman	&#13;  (Skidmore)	&#13;  identified	&#13;  
materials	&#13;  at	&#13;  their	&#13;  institutions,	&#13;  the	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  County	&#13;  archives,	&#13;  Duke	&#13;  
University's	&#13;  Rubenstein	&#13;  Library	&#13;  and	&#13;  Library	&#13;  of	&#13;  Congress,	&#13;  and	&#13;  
brainstormed	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  goals.	&#13;  In	&#13;  summer	&#13;  2014,	&#13;  Deirdre	&#13;  Schiff,	&#13;  '15,	&#13;  and	&#13;  Allie	&#13;  
Smith,	&#13;  '15,	&#13;  joined	&#13;  the	&#13;  team	&#13;  with	&#13;  a	&#13;  summer	&#13;  collaborative	&#13;  research	&#13;  g rant.	&#13;  
Duke	&#13;  University’s	&#13;  Mark	&#13;  Olson	&#13;  led	&#13;  a	&#13;  workshop	&#13;  on	&#13;  Omeka,	&#13;  the	&#13;  platform	&#13;  
used	&#13;  for	&#13;  Skidmore-­‐Saratoga	&#13;  Memory	&#13;  Project	&#13;  exhibits,	&#13;  including	&#13;  this	&#13;  one.	&#13;  

It	&#13;  Takes	&#13;  a	&#13;  Class	&#13;  
In	&#13;  Fall	&#13;  2014,	&#13;  Dym’s	&#13;  Mapping	&#13;  the	&#13;  Americas	&#13;  class	&#13;  (pictured	&#13;  below),	&#13;  
worked	&#13;  with	&#13;  selected	&#13;  materials,	&#13;  researched,	&#13;  learned	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
history,	&#13;  and	&#13;  prepared	&#13;  the	&#13;  story.	&#13;  In	&#13;  Spring	&#13;  2015,	&#13;  more	&#13;  than	&#13;  half	&#13;  the	&#13;  class	&#13;  
continued	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  project,	&#13;  developing	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  materials,	&#13;  conducting	&#13;  
research,	&#13;  and	&#13;  contributing	&#13;  to	&#13;  labels	&#13;  and	&#13;  activity	&#13;  planning.	&#13;  

Back	&#13;  row:	&#13;  John	&#13;  Kolios,	&#13;  Maggie	&#13;  Clark,	&#13;  David	&#13;  Florence,	&#13;  Brandyn	&#13;  Solano,	&#13;  Giulia	&#13;  Morrone,	&#13;  Dierdre	&#13;  Schiff,	&#13;  
Hannah	&#13;  Smith,	&#13;  Sam	&#13;  Kogan	&#13;  ,	&#13;  E rik	&#13;  Morrison.	&#13;  Front	&#13;  row:	&#13;  Elana	&#13;  Scaglia,	&#13;  Emily	&#13;  S loan,	&#13;  Allie	&#13;  Smith,	&#13;  Eiko	&#13;  Franklin.	&#13;  	&#13;  

�	&#13;  

A	&#13;  City	&#13;  and	&#13;  its	&#13;  Mapmakers	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  became	&#13;  a	&#13;  city	&#13;  at	&#13;  a	&#13;  time	&#13;  when	&#13;  reinvent-­‐
tion	&#13;  and	&#13;  renewal	&#13;  were	&#13;  on	&#13;  state	&#13;  and	&#13;  local	&#13;  leaders’	&#13;  minds.	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  1915	&#13;  State	&#13;  Reservation	&#13;  Commission	&#13;  report	&#13;  mapped	&#13;  
out	&#13;  plans	&#13;  to	&#13;  preserve	&#13;  and	&#13;  revive	&#13;  use	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  town’s	&#13;  mineral	&#13;  
springs,	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  new,	&#13;  modern	&#13;  resort	&#13;  in	&#13;  what	&#13;  is	&#13;  now	&#13;  the	&#13;  Sara-­‐
toga	&#13;  Spa	&#13;  State	&#13;  Park.	&#13;  	&#13;  The	&#13;  City	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  reconfirmed	&#13;  the	&#13;  
territory	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  and	&#13;  its	&#13;  “corporation	&#13;  line.”	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  Spirit	&#13;  of	&#13;  Life	&#13;  celebrated	&#13;  the	&#13;  contributions	&#13;  of	&#13;  Spencer	&#13;  
Trask	&#13;  and	&#13;  marked	&#13;  the	&#13;  newly	&#13;  public	&#13;  space	&#13;  of	&#13;  Congress	&#13;  Park.	&#13;  

Over	&#13;  its	&#13;  history,	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  has	&#13;  produced	&#13;  many	&#13;  
maps	&#13;  that	&#13;  tell	&#13;  the	&#13;  community’s	&#13;  story.	&#13;  	&#13;  Two	&#13;  generations	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Motts,	&#13;  father	&#13;  Jesse	&#13;  S.	&#13;  and	&#13;  son	&#13;  Samuel	&#13;  J.,	&#13;  served	&#13;  as	&#13;  village	&#13;  
and	&#13;  city	&#13;  engineers	&#13;  (1894	&#13;  –	&#13;  1942),	&#13;  mapping	&#13;  infrastructure,	&#13;  
plans	&#13;  for	&#13;  the	&#13;  future	&#13;  and	&#13;  property	&#13;  maps.	&#13;  	&#13;  The	&#13;  plans	&#13;  and	&#13;  
maps	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Lester	&#13;  Brothers	&#13;  real	&#13;  estate	&#13;  firm	&#13;  (1860s-­‐1930s)	&#13;  
plot	&#13;  development.	&#13;  Charles	&#13;  F.	&#13;  Dowd	&#13;  (whose	&#13;  daughter	&#13;  
married	&#13;  into	&#13;  the	&#13;  Lester	&#13;  family)	&#13;  was	&#13;  an	&#13;  owner	&#13;  and	&#13;  professor	&#13;  
at	&#13;  the	&#13;  Temple	&#13;  Grove	&#13;  Seminary;	&#13;  he	&#13;  is	&#13;  perhaps	&#13;  best	&#13;  known	&#13;  
for	&#13;  proposing	&#13;  standardized	&#13;  time	&#13;  zones,	&#13;  creating	&#13;  maps	&#13;  from	&#13;  
the	&#13;  1860s.	&#13;  	&#13;  More	&#13;  recently,	&#13;  civic	&#13;  organizations	&#13;  like	&#13;  the	&#13;  Lions	&#13;  
	&#13;   Club	&#13;  and	&#13;  Chamber	&#13;  of	&#13;  Commerce	&#13;  produce	&#13;  city	&#13;  maps.	&#13;  

A	&#13;  Word	&#13;  About	&#13;  the	&#13;  Space	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  began	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  settlement	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  town	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  in	&#13;  land	&#13;  originally	&#13;  part	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Kayaderosseras	&#13;  
Patent.	&#13;  In	&#13;  1819,	&#13;  an	&#13;  act	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  New	&#13;  York	&#13;  State	&#13;  Legislature	&#13;  
officially	&#13;  divided	&#13;  the	&#13;  town	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga,	&#13;  adding	&#13;  the	&#13;  town	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  within	&#13;  it.	&#13;  The	&#13;  new	&#13;  township	&#13;  received	&#13;  
about	&#13;  half	&#13;  the	&#13;  land	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  original	&#13;  municipality,	&#13;  located	&#13;  on	&#13;  
the	&#13;  west	&#13;  side	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Kayaderosseras	&#13;  and	&#13;  Fish	&#13;  Creeks.	&#13;  
Within	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  two	&#13;  distinct	&#13;  “districts”	&#13;  
created	&#13;  by	&#13;  an	&#13;  1826	&#13;  act	&#13;  that	&#13;  incorporated	&#13;  the	&#13;  village.	&#13;  	&#13;  

Saratoga	&#13;  Springs’	&#13;  territory	&#13;  today	&#13;  remains	&#13;  largely	&#13;  the	&#13;  same	&#13;  
as	&#13;  that	&#13;  described	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  1819	&#13;  act.	&#13;  The	&#13;  1915	&#13;  city	&#13;  
incorporation	&#13;  act	&#13;  confirmed	&#13;  that	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  retained	&#13;  the	&#13;  
town’s	&#13;  “present	&#13;  boundaries,”	&#13;  making	&#13;  government	&#13;  and	&#13;  
administration	&#13;  “coextensive	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  territory	&#13;  above	&#13;  
described”—in	&#13;  other	&#13;  words,	&#13;  the	&#13;  same. 	&#13;  

�	&#13;  
	&#13;  

Maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  Civic	&#13;  Life	&#13;  

Maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  Urban	&#13;  Development	&#13;  

Streets,	&#13;  buildings,	&#13;  and	&#13;  land	&#13;  divisions	&#13;  may	&#13;  be	&#13;  the	&#13;  most	&#13;  obvious	&#13;  
features	&#13;  on	&#13;  a	&#13;  map,	&#13;  but	&#13;  each	&#13;  of	&#13;  these	&#13;  physical	&#13;  elements	&#13;  
reflects	&#13;  how	&#13;  a	&#13;  community	&#13;  creates	&#13;  and	&#13;  uses	&#13;  its	&#13;  public	&#13;  and	&#13;  
private	&#13;  spaces.	&#13;  Maps	&#13;  help	&#13;  us	&#13;  understand	&#13;  what	&#13;  matters	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  
people	&#13;  who	&#13;  live,	&#13;  work,	&#13;  and	&#13;  play	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  town	&#13;  or	&#13;  city.	&#13;  The	&#13;  maps	&#13;  
displayed	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  and	&#13;  online	&#13;  give	&#13;  a	&#13;  taste	&#13;  of	&#13;  some	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  
most	&#13;  enduring	&#13;  features	&#13;  of	&#13;  civic	&#13;  life	&#13;  –	&#13;  including	&#13;  schools	&#13;  and	&#13;  
voting	&#13;  districts,	&#13;  parades,	&#13;  and	&#13;  parks.	&#13;  

A	&#13;  walk	&#13;  through	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  today	&#13;  reveals	&#13;  glamorous	&#13;  
buildings	&#13;  of	&#13;  distinct	&#13;  styles	&#13;  that	&#13;  range	&#13;  from	&#13;  simple	&#13;  red	&#13;  brick	&#13;  
facades	&#13;  to	&#13;  decadent	&#13;  Victorian	&#13;  mansions	&#13;  and	&#13;  even	&#13;  southern	&#13;  
antebellum	&#13;  porches	&#13;  that	&#13;  make	&#13;  you	&#13;  question	&#13;  how	&#13;  a	&#13;  hint	&#13;  of	&#13;  
southern	&#13;  hospitality	&#13;  made	&#13;  it	&#13;  so	&#13;  far	&#13;  north.	&#13;  Fine	&#13;  dining	&#13;  is	&#13;  
everywhere	&#13;  you	&#13;  turn,	&#13;  and	&#13;  a	&#13;  horse	&#13;  will	&#13;  always	&#13;  be	&#13;  displayed	&#13;  to	&#13;  
remind	&#13;  you	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  track.	&#13;  Behind	&#13;  the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  current	&#13;  lively	&#13;  
atmosphere	&#13;  of	&#13;  health,	&#13;  history,	&#13;  and	&#13;  horses	&#13;  lies	&#13;  a	&#13;  complex	&#13;  history	&#13;  
of	&#13;  urban	&#13;  development.	&#13;  Changes	&#13;  in	&#13;  planning	&#13;  maps	&#13;  dating	&#13;  from	&#13;  
the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  earliest	&#13;  years	&#13;  to	&#13;  today	&#13;  reveal	&#13;  how	&#13;  maps	&#13;  since	&#13;  the	&#13;  
1800s	&#13;  have	&#13;  shaped	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  into	&#13;  what	&#13;  it	&#13;  is	&#13;  today.	&#13;  

Maps,	&#13;  Tourism	&#13;  and	&#13;  Travel	&#13;  
Since	&#13;  the	&#13;  1830s,	&#13;  when	&#13;  trains	&#13;  began	&#13;  to	&#13;  deliver	&#13;  summer	&#13;  visitors,	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs’	&#13;  growth	&#13;  and	&#13;  development	&#13;  moved	&#13;  in	&#13;  lock	&#13;  
step	&#13;  with	&#13;  ground	&#13;  transportation.	&#13;  Maps	&#13;  reveal	&#13;  how	&#13;  Broadway	&#13;  
retains	&#13;  its	&#13;  role	&#13;  as	&#13;  the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  spine,	&#13;  despite	&#13;  efforts	&#13;  by	&#13;  developers	&#13;  
to	&#13;  entice	&#13;  visitors	&#13;  away.	&#13;  They	&#13;  also	&#13;  track	&#13;  today’s	&#13;  familiar	&#13;  routes	&#13;  
–	&#13;  9,	&#13;  29	&#13;  and	&#13;  50—from	&#13;  a	&#13;  network	&#13;  of	&#13;  trails,	&#13;  roads	&#13;  and	&#13;  rail	&#13;  tracks.	&#13;  
Dreamers	&#13;  from	&#13;  real	&#13;  estate	&#13;  developers	&#13;  and	&#13;  civic-­‐minded	&#13;  
residents	&#13;  to	&#13;  city	&#13;  planners	&#13;  and	&#13;  college	&#13;  professors	&#13;  map	&#13;  
transportation	&#13;  and	&#13;  tourism	&#13;  to	&#13;  imagine	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  future.	&#13;  

	&#13;  

Tourist,	&#13;  urban	&#13;  development,	&#13;  and	&#13;  transportation	&#13;  maps	&#13;  
provide	&#13;  complementary	&#13;  sides	&#13;  of	&#13;  a	&#13;  story	&#13;  about	&#13;  the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  
plans	&#13;  for	&#13;  growth	&#13;  and	&#13;  adaptation	&#13;  to	&#13;  changing	&#13;  times.	&#13;  

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                    <text>	&#13;  
	&#13;  

Visit	&#13;  the	&#13;  Exhibit’s	&#13;  Website	&#13;  

	&#13;  

To	&#13;  find	&#13;  out	&#13;  more	&#13;  information	&#13;  about	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs’	&#13;  maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  
history,	&#13;  or	&#13;  to	&#13;  take	&#13;  a	&#13;  closer	&#13;  look	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  objects	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  exhibit,	&#13;  
please	&#13;  visit	&#13;  us	&#13;  at:	&#13;  

http://ssmp.skidmore.edu/exhibits/show/mappingsaratoga	&#13;  

Many	&#13;  Thanks	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  curatorial	&#13;  team	&#13;  worked	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  Spring	&#13;  T eam:	&#13;  Deirdre	&#13;  Schiff	&#13;  ’15,	&#13;  
Eiko	&#13;  Franklin	&#13;  ‘16,	&#13;  Erik	&#13;  Morrison	&#13;  ‘15,	&#13;  Giulia	&#13;  Morrone	&#13;  ‘15,	&#13;  Elana	&#13;  Scaglia	&#13;  
‘15,	&#13;  Emily	&#13;  Sloan	&#13;  ’15,	&#13;  and	&#13;  Allie	&#13;  Smith	&#13;  ’15	&#13;  	&#13;  to	&#13;  convert	&#13;  ideas	&#13;  to	&#13;  exhibition.	&#13;  
	&#13;  

Contributors	&#13;  and	&#13;  Brain	&#13;  Trust:	&#13;  It	&#13;  takes	&#13;  a	&#13;  village	&#13;  to	&#13;  mount	&#13;  this	&#13;  kind	&#13;  of	&#13;  
show.	&#13;  	&#13;  We	&#13;  relied	&#13;  on	&#13;  many	&#13;  area	&#13;  experts,	&#13;  including	&#13;  Lauren	&#13;  Roberts,	&#13;  Alex	&#13;  
Chaucer,	&#13;  Bob	&#13;  Jones,	&#13;  Beth	&#13;  Dupont,	&#13;  Lauren	&#13;  Shapiro	&#13;  ’15,	&#13;  Mark	&#13;  Olson,	&#13;  
Martin	&#13;  Brückner,	&#13;  Field	&#13;  Horne,	&#13;  Matt	&#13;  Veitch,	&#13;  Harvey	&#13;  and	&#13;  Cassie	&#13;  Fox,	&#13;  
Donald	&#13;  Carpenter,	&#13;  the	&#13;  Corporation	&#13;  of	&#13;  Yaddo,	&#13;  Michael	&#13;  McCabe.	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
Support	&#13;  by	&#13;  The	&#13;  Alfred	&#13;  Z.	&#13;  
Solomon	&#13;  Charitable	&#13;  Trust,	&#13;  and	&#13;  
JIMAPCO	&#13;  made	&#13;  the	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  
possible.	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  History	&#13;  Museum	&#13;  
1	&#13;  E	&#13;  Congress	&#13;  St	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs,	&#13;  N Y	&#13;  12866	&#13;  
	&#13;   saratogahistory.org	&#13;  

Surveyors’	&#13;  Tools	&#13;  
	&#13;  

Mapping	&#13;  A	&#13;  City	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Seen	&#13;  Through	&#13;  	&#13;  
250	&#13;  Years	&#13;  of	&#13;  Maps	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  April-­‐December	&#13;  2015	&#13;  

�	&#13;  

About	&#13;  the	&#13;  Project	&#13;  

A	&#13;  Brief	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Timeline	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  Foundation:	&#13;  From	&#13;  Town	&#13;  To	&#13;  Village	&#13;  	&#13;  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

1777	&#13;  Battle	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  	&#13;  
1789	&#13;  Gideon	&#13;  Putnam	&#13;  arrives	&#13;  in	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
1791	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  County	&#13;  established	&#13;  
1803	&#13;  Putnam’s	&#13;  Boarding	&#13;  House	&#13;  built	&#13;  
1819	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  becomes	&#13;  a	&#13;  district	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
town	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  
1824	&#13;  United	&#13;  States	&#13;  Hotel	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1826	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Village	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  
1833	&#13;  First	&#13;  steam	&#13;  locomotive	&#13;  to	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
1863	&#13;  Racetrack	&#13;  opens	&#13;  	&#13;  
1893	&#13;  Convention	&#13;  Hall	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1911	&#13;  Racetrack	&#13;  closes	&#13;  for	&#13;  two	&#13;  seasons	&#13;  
1913	&#13;  Village	&#13;  P ark	&#13;  –	&#13;  later	&#13;  Congress	&#13;  Park	&#13;  –	&#13;  opens	&#13;  

A	&#13;  City	&#13;  Rises	&#13;  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
	&#13;  

1915	&#13;  City	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  adopted	&#13;  by	&#13;  NY	&#13;  State	&#13;  Legislature	&#13;  
	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  Trolley	&#13;  station	&#13;  (now	&#13;  Visitors	&#13;  Center)	&#13;  open	&#13;  	&#13;  
1918	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  County	&#13;  Chamber	&#13;  of	&#13;  Commerce	&#13;  forms	&#13;  
1923	&#13;  First	&#13;  zoning	&#13;  map	&#13;  adopted	&#13;  by	&#13;  the	&#13;  City	&#13;  Council	&#13;  
1941	&#13;  Trolley	&#13;  station	&#13;  becomes	&#13;  state	&#13;  park	&#13;  drink	&#13;  hall	&#13;  
1951	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  casinos	&#13;  close	&#13;  
1963	&#13;  Northway	&#13;  (I-­‐87)	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1966	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Performing	&#13;  Arts	&#13;  Center	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1984	&#13;  City	&#13;  Center	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
2004	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Gaming	&#13;  &amp;	&#13;  Raceway	&#13;  begins	&#13;  
2015	&#13;  Centennial	&#13;  of	&#13;  City	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  

To	&#13;  celebrate	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs'	&#13;  centennial	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  city,	&#13;  the	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  
Springs	&#13;  History	&#13;  M useum	&#13;  presents	&#13;  this	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  that	&#13;  tells	&#13;  the	&#13;  story	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  
city	&#13;  through	&#13;  historical	&#13;  maps.	&#13;  This	&#13;  exhibition	&#13;  is	&#13;  the	&#13;  fruit	&#13;  of	&#13;  two	&#13;  years	&#13;  of	&#13;  
collaboration	&#13;  between	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  and	&#13;  the	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  History	&#13;  
Museum,	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Public	&#13;  Library	&#13;  (Saratoga	&#13;  Room),	&#13;  City	&#13;  
Historian,	&#13;  and	&#13;  County	&#13;  Historian.	&#13;  Thanks	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  many	&#13;  Saratogians	&#13;  and	&#13;  
Skidmore	&#13;  community	&#13;  members	&#13;  who	&#13;  helped	&#13;  bring	&#13;  it	&#13;  together,	&#13;  
transforming	&#13;  an	&#13;  idea	&#13;  to	&#13;  class	&#13;  project	&#13;  to	&#13;  exhibition.	&#13;  

First	&#13;  Steps	&#13;  
A	&#13;  committee	&#13;  led	&#13;  by	&#13;  Teri	&#13;  Blasko	&#13;  (Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Public	&#13;  Library).	&#13;  
Jordana	&#13;  Dym	&#13;  (Skidmore),	&#13;  Mary-­‐Ann	&#13;  Fitzgerald	&#13;  (City	&#13;  Historian),	&#13;  Jamie	&#13;  
Parillo	&#13;  (SS	&#13;  History	&#13;  Museum),	&#13;  and	&#13;  Rachel	&#13;  Seligman	&#13;  (Skidmore)	&#13;  identified	&#13;  
materials	&#13;  at	&#13;  their	&#13;  institutions,	&#13;  the	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  County	&#13;  archives,	&#13;  Duke	&#13;  
University's	&#13;  Rubenstein	&#13;  Library	&#13;  and	&#13;  Library	&#13;  of	&#13;  Congress,	&#13;  and	&#13;  
brainstormed	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  goals.	&#13;  In	&#13;  summer	&#13;  2014,	&#13;  Deirdre	&#13;  Schiff,	&#13;  '15,	&#13;  and	&#13;  Allie	&#13;  
Smith,	&#13;  '15,	&#13;  joined	&#13;  the	&#13;  team	&#13;  with	&#13;  a	&#13;  summer	&#13;  collaborative	&#13;  research	&#13;  g rant.	&#13;  
Duke	&#13;  University’s	&#13;  Mark	&#13;  Olson	&#13;  led	&#13;  a	&#13;  workshop	&#13;  on	&#13;  Omeka,	&#13;  the	&#13;  platform	&#13;  
used	&#13;  for	&#13;  Skidmore-­‐Saratoga	&#13;  M emory	&#13;  Project	&#13;  exhibits,	&#13;  including	&#13;  this	&#13;  one.	&#13;  

It	&#13;  Takes	&#13;  a	&#13;  Class	&#13;  
In	&#13;  Fall	&#13;  2014,	&#13;  Dym’s	&#13;  Mapping	&#13;  the	&#13;  Americas	&#13;  class	&#13;  (pictured	&#13;  below),	&#13;  
worked	&#13;  with	&#13;  selected	&#13;  materials,	&#13;  researched,	&#13;  learned	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
history,	&#13;  and	&#13;  prepared	&#13;  the	&#13;  story.	&#13;  In	&#13;  Spring	&#13;  2015,	&#13;  more	&#13;  than	&#13;  half	&#13;  the	&#13;  class	&#13;  
continued	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  project,	&#13;  developing	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  materials,	&#13;  conducting	&#13;  
research,	&#13;  and	&#13;  contributing	&#13;  to	&#13;  labels	&#13;  and	&#13;  activity	&#13;  planning.	&#13;  

Back	&#13;  row:	&#13;  John	&#13;  Kolios,	&#13;  Maggie	&#13;  Clark,	&#13;  David	&#13;  Florence,	&#13;  Brandyn	&#13;  Solano,	&#13;  Giulia	&#13;  Morrone,	&#13;  Dierdre	&#13;  Schiff,	&#13;  
Hannah	&#13;  Smith,	&#13;  Sam	&#13;  Kogan	&#13;  ,	&#13;  E rik	&#13;  Morrison.	&#13;  Front	&#13;  row:	&#13;  Elana	&#13;  Scaglia,	&#13;  Emily	&#13;  S loan,	&#13;  Allie	&#13;  Smith,	&#13;  Eiko	&#13;  Franklin.	&#13;  	&#13;  

�	&#13;  

A	&#13;  City	&#13;  and	&#13;  its	&#13;  Mapmakers	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  became	&#13;  a	&#13;  city	&#13;  at	&#13;  a	&#13;  time	&#13;  when	&#13;  reinvent-­‐
tion	&#13;  and	&#13;  renewal	&#13;  were	&#13;  on	&#13;  state	&#13;  and	&#13;  local	&#13;  leaders’	&#13;  minds.	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  1915	&#13;  State	&#13;  Reservation	&#13;  Commission	&#13;  report	&#13;  mapped	&#13;  
out	&#13;  plans	&#13;  to	&#13;  preserve	&#13;  and	&#13;  revive	&#13;  use	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  town’s	&#13;  mineral	&#13;  
springs,	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  new,	&#13;  modern	&#13;  resort	&#13;  in	&#13;  what	&#13;  is	&#13;  now	&#13;  the	&#13;  Sara-­‐
toga	&#13;  Spa	&#13;  State	&#13;  Park.	&#13;  	&#13;  The	&#13;  City	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  reconfirmed	&#13;  the	&#13;  
territory	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  and	&#13;  its	&#13;  “corporation	&#13;  line.”	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  Spirit	&#13;  of	&#13;  Life	&#13;  celebrated	&#13;  the	&#13;  contributions	&#13;  of	&#13;  Spencer	&#13;  
Trask	&#13;  and	&#13;  marked	&#13;  the	&#13;  newly	&#13;  public	&#13;  space	&#13;  of	&#13;  Congress	&#13;  Park.	&#13;  

Over	&#13;  its	&#13;  history,	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  has	&#13;  produced	&#13;  many	&#13;  
maps	&#13;  that	&#13;  tell	&#13;  the	&#13;  community’s	&#13;  story.	&#13;  	&#13;  Two	&#13;  generations	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Motts,	&#13;  father	&#13;  Jesse	&#13;  S.	&#13;  and	&#13;  son	&#13;  Samuel	&#13;  J.,	&#13;  served	&#13;  as	&#13;  village	&#13;  
and	&#13;  city	&#13;  engineers	&#13;  (1894	&#13;  –	&#13;  1942),	&#13;  mapping	&#13;  infrastructure,	&#13;  
plans	&#13;  for	&#13;  the	&#13;  future	&#13;  and	&#13;  property	&#13;  maps.	&#13;  	&#13;  The	&#13;  plans	&#13;  and	&#13;  
maps	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Lester	&#13;  Brothers	&#13;  real	&#13;  estate	&#13;  firm	&#13;  (1860s-­‐1930s)	&#13;  
plot	&#13;  development.	&#13;  Charles	&#13;  F.	&#13;  Dowd	&#13;  (whose	&#13;  daughter	&#13;  
married	&#13;  into	&#13;  the	&#13;  Lester	&#13;  family)	&#13;  was	&#13;  an	&#13;  owner	&#13;  and	&#13;  professor	&#13;  
at	&#13;  the	&#13;  Temple	&#13;  Grove	&#13;  Seminary;	&#13;  he	&#13;  is	&#13;  perhaps	&#13;  best	&#13;  known	&#13;  
for	&#13;  proposing	&#13;  standardized	&#13;  time	&#13;  zones,	&#13;  creating	&#13;  maps	&#13;  from	&#13;  
the	&#13;  1860s.	&#13;  	&#13;  More	&#13;  recently,	&#13;  civic	&#13;  organizations	&#13;  like	&#13;  the	&#13;  Lions	&#13;  
	&#13;   Club	&#13;  and	&#13;  Chamber	&#13;  of	&#13;  Commerce	&#13;  produce	&#13;  city	&#13;  maps.	&#13;  

A	&#13;  Word	&#13;  About	&#13;  the	&#13;  Space	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  began	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  settlement	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  town	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  in	&#13;  land	&#13;  originally	&#13;  part	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Kayaderosseras	&#13;  
Patent.	&#13;  In	&#13;  1819,	&#13;  an	&#13;  act	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  New	&#13;  York	&#13;  State	&#13;  Legislature	&#13;  
officially	&#13;  divided	&#13;  the	&#13;  town	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga,	&#13;  adding	&#13;  the	&#13;  town	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  within	&#13;  it.	&#13;  The	&#13;  new	&#13;  township	&#13;  received	&#13;  
about	&#13;  half	&#13;  the	&#13;  land	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  original	&#13;  municipality,	&#13;  located	&#13;  on	&#13;  
the	&#13;  west	&#13;  side	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Kayaderosseras	&#13;  and	&#13;  Fish	&#13;  Creeks.	&#13;  
Within	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  two	&#13;  distinct	&#13;  “districts”	&#13;  
created	&#13;  by	&#13;  an	&#13;  1826	&#13;  act	&#13;  that	&#13;  incorporated	&#13;  the	&#13;  village.	&#13;  	&#13;  

Saratoga	&#13;  Springs’	&#13;  territory	&#13;  today	&#13;  remains	&#13;  largely	&#13;  the	&#13;  same	&#13;  
as	&#13;  that	&#13;  described	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  1819	&#13;  act.	&#13;  The	&#13;  1915	&#13;  city	&#13;  
incorporation	&#13;  act	&#13;  confirmed	&#13;  that	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  retained	&#13;  the	&#13;  
town’s	&#13;  “present	&#13;  boundaries,”	&#13;  making	&#13;  government	&#13;  and	&#13;  
administration	&#13;  “coextensive	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  territory	&#13;  above	&#13;  
described”—in	&#13;  other	&#13;  words,	&#13;  the	&#13;  same. 	&#13;  

�	&#13;  
	&#13;  

Maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  Civic	&#13;  Life	&#13;  

Maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  Urban	&#13;  Development	&#13;  

Streets,	&#13;  buildings,	&#13;  and	&#13;  land	&#13;  divisions	&#13;  may	&#13;  be	&#13;  the	&#13;  most	&#13;  obvious	&#13;  
features	&#13;  on	&#13;  a	&#13;  map,	&#13;  but	&#13;  each	&#13;  of	&#13;  these	&#13;  physical	&#13;  elements	&#13;  
reflects	&#13;  how	&#13;  a	&#13;  community	&#13;  creates	&#13;  and	&#13;  uses	&#13;  its	&#13;  public	&#13;  and	&#13;  
private	&#13;  spaces.	&#13;  Maps	&#13;  help	&#13;  us	&#13;  understand	&#13;  what	&#13;  matters	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  
people	&#13;  who	&#13;  live,	&#13;  work,	&#13;  and	&#13;  play	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  town	&#13;  or	&#13;  city.	&#13;  The	&#13;  maps	&#13;  
displayed	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  and	&#13;  online	&#13;  give	&#13;  a	&#13;  taste	&#13;  of	&#13;  some	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  
most	&#13;  enduring	&#13;  features	&#13;  of	&#13;  civic	&#13;  life	&#13;  –	&#13;  including	&#13;  schools	&#13;  and	&#13;  
voting	&#13;  districts,	&#13;  parades,	&#13;  and	&#13;  parks.	&#13;  

A	&#13;  walk	&#13;  through	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  today	&#13;  reveals	&#13;  glamorous	&#13;  
buildings	&#13;  of	&#13;  distinct	&#13;  styles	&#13;  that	&#13;  range	&#13;  from	&#13;  simple	&#13;  red	&#13;  brick	&#13;  
facades	&#13;  to	&#13;  decadent	&#13;  Victorian	&#13;  mansions	&#13;  and	&#13;  even	&#13;  southern	&#13;  
antebellum	&#13;  porches	&#13;  that	&#13;  make	&#13;  you	&#13;  question	&#13;  how	&#13;  a	&#13;  hint	&#13;  of	&#13;  
southern	&#13;  hospitality	&#13;  made	&#13;  it	&#13;  so	&#13;  far	&#13;  north.	&#13;  Fine	&#13;  dining	&#13;  is	&#13;  
everywhere	&#13;  you	&#13;  turn,	&#13;  and	&#13;  a	&#13;  horse	&#13;  will	&#13;  always	&#13;  be	&#13;  displayed	&#13;  to	&#13;  
remind	&#13;  you	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  track.	&#13;  Behind	&#13;  the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  current	&#13;  lively	&#13;  
atmosphere	&#13;  of	&#13;  health,	&#13;  history,	&#13;  and	&#13;  horses	&#13;  lies	&#13;  a	&#13;  complex	&#13;  history	&#13;  
of	&#13;  urban	&#13;  development.	&#13;  Changes	&#13;  in	&#13;  planning	&#13;  maps	&#13;  dating	&#13;  from	&#13;  
the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  earliest	&#13;  years	&#13;  to	&#13;  today	&#13;  reveal	&#13;  how	&#13;  maps	&#13;  since	&#13;  the	&#13;  
1800s	&#13;  have	&#13;  shaped	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  into	&#13;  what	&#13;  it	&#13;  is	&#13;  today.	&#13;  

Maps,	&#13;  Tourism	&#13;  and	&#13;  Travel	&#13;  
Since	&#13;  the	&#13;  1830s,	&#13;  when	&#13;  trains	&#13;  began	&#13;  to	&#13;  deliver	&#13;  summer	&#13;  visitors,	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs’	&#13;  growth	&#13;  and	&#13;  development	&#13;  moved	&#13;  in	&#13;  lock	&#13;  
step	&#13;  with	&#13;  ground	&#13;  transportation.	&#13;  Maps	&#13;  reveal	&#13;  how	&#13;  Broadway	&#13;  
retains	&#13;  its	&#13;  role	&#13;  as	&#13;  the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  spine,	&#13;  despite	&#13;  efforts	&#13;  by	&#13;  developers	&#13;  
to	&#13;  entice	&#13;  visitors	&#13;  away.	&#13;  They	&#13;  also	&#13;  track	&#13;  today’s	&#13;  familiar	&#13;  routes	&#13;  
–	&#13;  9,	&#13;  29	&#13;  and	&#13;  50—from	&#13;  a	&#13;  network	&#13;  of	&#13;  trails,	&#13;  roads	&#13;  and	&#13;  rail	&#13;  tracks.	&#13;  
Dreamers	&#13;  from	&#13;  real	&#13;  estate	&#13;  developers	&#13;  and	&#13;  civic-­‐minded	&#13;  
residents	&#13;  to	&#13;  city	&#13;  planners	&#13;  and	&#13;  college	&#13;  professors	&#13;  map	&#13;  
transportation	&#13;  and	&#13;  tourism	&#13;  to	&#13;  imagine	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  future.	&#13;  

	&#13;  

Tourist,	&#13;  urban	&#13;  development,	&#13;  and	&#13;  transportation	&#13;  maps	&#13;  
provide	&#13;  complementary	&#13;  sides	&#13;  of	&#13;  a	&#13;  story	&#13;  about	&#13;  the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  
plans	&#13;  for	&#13;  growth	&#13;  and	&#13;  adaptation	&#13;  to	&#13;  changing	&#13;  times.	&#13;  

�	&#13;  
	&#13;  

	&#13;  

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                    <text>Mapping a
City
1915:
Incorporating a City
Early 20th century Saratoga
Springs faced a decline in its
popularity as a resort and
conference destination. Seeking
to reinvent its image and assert
its place as an upstate New
York hub, town leaders started
several projects, working with
state officials, to conserve the
mineral springs and bring the
visitors back.
A defining moment for the
town’s revitalization came with
its incorporation as a city in
1915, which capped a period of
municipal conservation efforts
and a new era of mapping and
zoning. 100 years since the city
charter was signed, this exhibit
tells the city’s origins and
growth through its maps.

Map Stories of
Saratoga Springs
Maps chart the tale of Saratoga
Springs' settlement, establishment as a separate district
within the town of Saratoga in
1819, erection as an independent village in 1826, and receipt
of a city charter from New
York State in 1915.
Maps also reveal what mattered
to visitors and residents: parks
and parking, routes and roads,
attractions and business, land
and buildings, planning and
development, what worked and
what should change.
Saratoga Springs History Museum
1 E Congress St
Saratoga Springs, New York 12866
www.saratogahistory.org
Exhibit Website:
http:://ssmp.skidmore.edu/

250 Years of
Saratoga Springs
History
April - December 2015
Sponsored by
the Alfred Z. Solomon
Charitable Trust
&amp; JIMAPCO

�2
1

Timeline

The Past Through Maps
The citizens of Saratoga Springs, N.Y.,
might think of making a map in order to
influence policy (Figure 1) or of consulting
one to plan a trip or to showcase in homes,
schools and libraries (Figure 2). But maps
also reveal a lot about the communities that
made them--their ideas and values, their
way of seeing the world, their hopes and
dreams. In other words, maps tell stories.
Accessible by Native American trails as
early as the 17th century, the springs of
Saratoga and the settlement that grew
around them began to find their way onto
many kinds of maps--official surveys, city

plans, tourist guides, and real estate brochures with late-18th c. European settlement.
Small-scale and large scale, businesslike or
humorous, black &amp; white or color, these
historical maps provide details or data
about the city's past.
Maps takes us through Saratoga Springs'
history from its origins as a crossroads
between Canada, New York and New
England and a draw for the healing power
of its mineral waters to its present day as a
lively spot for meetings, nightlife, and
recreation.

1777 Battle of Saratoga
1789 Gideon Putnam arrived in
Saratoga Springs
1791 Saratoga County established
1803 Putnam’s Boarding House
built
1819 Saratoga Springs becomes a
district, town of Saratoga
1824 United States Hotel opens
1826 Saratoga Springs Village
Charter
1833 First steam locomotive to
Saratoga Springs
1863 Racetrack opens
1893 Convention Hall opens
1911 Racetrack closes for two
seasons
1913 Village Park – later
Congress Park – opens
1915 City Charter adopted by NY
State Legislature
1918 Saratoga County Chamber
of Commerce forms
1923 First zoning map
1951 Saratoga Springs casinos
closed
1963 Northway (I-87) opens
1966 Saratoga Performing Arts
Center opens
1984 City Center opens
2004 Saratoga Gaming &amp;
Raceway opens
2015 Centennial of City Charter

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This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.&#13;
&#13;
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.</description>
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Interview with Gregory Hess by Harry Sultan, Skidmore College
Saratoga Memory Project, Skidmore College, NY June 1st, 2018

Harry Sultan: So we're all set to get started. If I could just have you introduce
yourself.
Gregory Hess: Sure. My name's Gregory Hess, or Greg, and I'm from the class of
'78.
HS: And uh what did you major in when you were at Skidmore?
GH: I had a double major in biology and in chemistry and then a minor in
business.
HS: What is it like to come back to this campus that you graduated from all those
years ago.
GH: It's a little odd in that it reminds you of how old you are. I can't believe I
graduated forty years ago from Skidmore and I think most people my age
all say the same thing that when we look in the mirror, we imagine
someone in their twenties or in their thirties but can't imagine someone in
their sixties. That usually strikes me when I come back to campus. And the
other part is that it's grown tremendously and it's still very vibrant which is
great.
HS: Is this your first time back?
GH: No, I've been back several times.
HS: And is it different every time you come back?
GH: I would say so, you know it continues to grow. I mean literally there are
new buildings, things are being renovated. I was back just giving a small
lecture to one of the classes about a month ago and I'd been back for a
number of occasions, so I always see change which is part of Skidmore's
motto
HS: And walking around on campus, is there any spot that you see that brings
you immediately back to when you were a student?
GH: Um, you know probably the dining hall. It's much nicer now in terms of
when we were here physically. Although I have to say at the time, Skidmore
food was still pretty renowned in the northeast as one of the better places to
go to college and have a good meal. But it's much more upscale now.
HS: What does it feel to see the dining hall as it is now and remember what it
was like back then?
GH: You know, very positive. Great experiences there, shoot the breeze about
what had happened during the day and what was coming up. So it's just a
great place to socialize. And the food, again, was pretty good so you can't
complain. But now you look around and they have all the food stations and

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a lot of different options and variety and you realize the school has changed
but I think for the better.
And outside of chemistry and biology and science classes, what other types
of classes did you take at Skidmore.
Probably the most odd one in a way was, I took ballet when I was here.
That's the type of thing that I of course didn't anticipate when I first came to
Skidmore
What was it like to take a ballet class?
It was very funny at first. You may know the history, but when I was here,
Melissa Hayden was a prima ballerina for the New York City Ballet and
was very very well known. And it was shortly after she left that position
that Skidmore was able to recruit her which was considered quite a coup at
the time and I had no familiarity with ballet at all - I'm not even sure if I
had ever seen a ballet. So we were starting the Skidmore Hockey Club and
after one of our later night practices had ended, we all sort of barged into
one of the faculty get togethers that was going on to see if we could scarf
down the last appetizers and things that were still there. So uh - they were
fine about it - you know it had dwindled down to a small crowd and I
started talking to this one woman, you know, more interested in the hors
d’oeuvres than chatting, but I was trying just to be social. And so as I
started asking her questions, things along the lines of "oh are you a faculty
member here, or are you the wives of one of the faculty?". She said "no I
teach here" and started telling me more - someone later said, you know
thats Melissa Hayden, the prima ballerina of New York City - and part of
our conversation when I said I was teaching skiing up the road at West
Mountain and Gore and on the hockey team, she was explaining to me how
athletic it is to be a ballet dancer and so I was really more just kidding I
said, 'yea that'd be great to take ballet, yea.' So next thing you know I got in those days we didn't really have email - I think I got a note in the mail
from the registrar saying 'you're failing phys-ed something-or-other' and I'm
not sure how it happened, but apparently she signed me up for ballet. So
she wouldn't let me out without trying at least a couple of classes, so that's
how I got into ballet.
And do you think it helped you in skiing and hockey?
It really did, I was amazing at how much strength it took to do that. You
know, I was a horrible dancer, but it was a great activity for me. And I must
say, it helped me get into medical school eventually which is one of my
primary professions. She wrote me a great recommendation, and when I
was being interviewed in fact, they remarked on it. That they were

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interested in diversity and were pleased to see that I took something out of
just science and biology.
And so you took a lot of science, biology, dance; outside of academics what
sort of things did you do?
I was fortunate that Skidmore gave me a great deal of financial aid to come
here but at the same time when I came - so I'll put it in context, I was a bit
overwhelmed by the ratio of men to women so I think as part of that and
also though still having a lot of financial need, I ended up getting a job
bartending downtown, that was when the drinking age was still eighteen in
New York - and I was actually seventeen when I first came here but they
didn't think to ask for an ID, my birthday is late October. So I ended up
bartending at a number of places in town and waiting tables and that gave
me another dimension. A lot of the Skidmore students would come there
but a lot of friends who were quote townies as we referred to them at the
time, but you know, great people. And then I had a lot of friends that I
developed, again, from teaching skiing, so that was a great experience to
have sort of a foot in the Skidmore Saratoga Springs environment and also
at the ski centers.
So what was it like, maybe not having two separate lives, but two separate
social scenes, one on campus with Skidmore students and one downtown
with the locals.
It really was the best of both worlds. Because I bartended downtown and
Skidmore was about 2,000 students at the time - fairly similar to today you get to at least know by recognition, if not name, most of the students.
And the bars I was a bartender in were extremely popular at the time, so
you know a ton of students would come up and I'd know them, and we'd
chit-chat briefly. So it was a great way to see the students and at the same
time I did a number of things with the folks from town. In fact there was
one group of guys that were recent grads from other colleges who had just
migrated here to have jobs and they were in their early 20s and were quite a
cast of characters. So they actually got written up in the New York Times as
an example called the TI's which stood for 'terminally immature'. And you
know, they had their pros and cons but they were largely hysterical guys in
many aspects, and it was great had a great group of guy friends that gave
me, again, another dimension. But had a lot of great guy friends on campus
too.
So you said you were part of the hockey club?
I was. I was one of the founding members, yep.
And is that the same hockey club that's around today.

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GH: It is. I think it's morphed into, if I understand right, into division three
hockey here. So yea, at the time ya know, it was a great experience. I grew
up in the time when we were still influenced by John Kennedy in the sixties
and even in the Vietnam days in the seventies when people said, 'ya know,
we can make things happen'. So I think at Skidmore at the time, part of the
reason they made it clear that they were - if you would - sort of recruiting
me, and they were great in the admissions process, made it clear that they
would value me coming here, and made it possible for me to come here was
they were looking for men to help really create the co-educational
environment and that included things like starting sports. Cause when I
came here there was soccer and that was the only sport. So they encouraged
us to start clubs so we did with the hockey team. You know, we went to the
phys-ed head and said, 'ya know, we wanna do this' and one of the Kennedy
sayings I liked at the time was, 'if not us, then who. And if not now, then
when?". So we started a lot of things like that. We also started the baseball
team and it was just a bunch of guys that got together and it was great. And
we actually had women on our hockey team by the way, that time we had
so few guys we had two women who had come from some of the New
England prep schools and we were actually quite good which I think
surprised some of the clubs that showed up to play us from Union and
Hamilton and other groups.
HS: Did you play hockey and baseball in high school or did you start just for the
sake of starting a team.
GH: Almost really for the sake of starting the team. Mostly I played a lot of
hockey, pond hockey as we would call it, so it was pretty familiar to me that
way. I didn't play baseball in school, I did play soccer and tennis and
periodically I played one year on the tennis team here, and played on the
soccer team three or maybe four years here.
HS: Are there any special memories from starting the club, I mean what was it
like being the founder of something that is now something so big in
Skidmore culture?
GH: You know it was just a ton of fun. I was just, to be clear, I was one of a
number of guys that got together and founded it but I would say one of the
things I think about is because ice time is cheapest late at night or early in
the morning, we were last on the peg. We played on a rink down on East
Avenue or just off it if I remember, and really it was an outdoor rink that
they just had enclosed it in wood. It was pretty rustic. So we would get
really hot and sweaty playing through the periods and when we were sitting
on the benches because it wasn't a fancy arena and pretty cold it was very
common that many times after sitting out for the period you'd get up and

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you'd realize there were icicles hanging off your hair literally. And we'd be
breaking them off. And there was no locker room, we'd change up here and
go down. And it was just a lot of fun, a lot of great contact. I ended up
playing goalie, was one of the funnier things that happened at one point
because our goalie, if I remember right, got his wrist broken or sprained in
a slap-shot and no one else wanted to be goalie and it was something like I
stepped out for a second and came back and they said, 'great, we just
elected you our new goalie'. And I was horrible. And no surprise I think my
nickname was a sieve which was very appropriate.
And so did this all happen during your freshman year that you started the
club?
Ya know, I really don't remember. I think it was probably more my
sophomore year or junior maybe.
And do you remember your first night at Skidmore?
I don't remember my first night, I do remember my first day. Vividly.
Could you talk about that?
Sure. The first class I walked into was an english seminar class in Case
Center at the time, so those were relatively small rooms. And it was an
oval, or oblong table, sat maybe twelve-to-fourteen people. And when I
walked in I realized, and we sat down, we were waiting for the teacher who
was a bit late, and we're all sitting there in silence, no one really knew each
other and everybody was feeling a little awkward. I realized there were two
guys and there were twelve women. And I was like, 'oh my god, what have
I got myself into'. I don't think I'd even had thought to ask really what's the
ratio before I came here, so at first that was really overwhelming. The other
thing I remember though is my roommate who was very very quiet. We had
nothing to do, we were just sitting in our room so I said 'come on, let's just
go out and take a walk around'. So we were walking around, and most
people as well I think were feeling pretty awkward so you know, you'd
walk towards someone, and they'd look up and we just started saying hello,
and most people would say hello back, and that was great, we were getting
the reaction you'd anticipate and hope for. And then we came upon one
person and, it was a woman, and I remember we both said, ya know, 'hi,
how are you' and we got no response and we were a little puzzled and put
off and they walked another ten feet past us and we both looked at each
other and he turned around and said 'what's your problem?' So we got still
no response, but I still remember that cause my roommate just cracked me
up.
Did you ever find out who she was?
I didn't. I didn't. Mystery, yea that's right.

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HS: And what was the adjustment like being that there was so few men at the
time going into this recently co-ed school.
GH: You know, at first for me it really was overwhelming. I was I think
relatively shy at that time and hadn't had a serious girlfriend in high school
et cetera, so I'm not sure but I think all that combined and the lack of sports,
there wasn't even a locker room for men there wasn't a male dorm on
campus, there was a floor on the 7th story of the tall dorm here. And in fact
we used to call it heaven on the seventh floor. Ya know it was
overwhelming. So I actually transferred, or actually applied to transfer out
but by the time I was accepted and then gotten the acceptance in the spring,
I had made enough good friends and kind of adjusted to the amount of
women that were here, and a lot became good friends of mine. You know I
love the place and decided to stay.
HS: Was there one thing in particular that made you flip that switch to loving
Skidmore?
GH: I don't think there was one thing. I think there was that combination. I mean
among other things, I guess a specific example I was accepted at Cornell
for transfer, and they had two electron microscopes. And in Skidmore we
still have - I think it might even be the same one, it's probably a newer one
than when I was here. But that was pretty amazing that a school of 2,000
people had an electron microscope worth at that time hundreds of
thousands if not more than that dollars. And yet I could go in and use it
almost virtually any time so that was great and it really was a great learning
experience. But I went to Cornell and they had two and I thought 'oh that's
great' and I mention it to one of the people almost as a question of how to
get access to it. And they said, 'well undergrads really don't get access to
that, you know once you're a grad student you might get access to it but you
have to be on a waiting list and there's only so much time'. So I started to
realize things like the professors here were primarily dedicated to teaching
and not so much research and Cornell as I started to really look at it, you
were taught more often by grad students who were really teachers assistants
and the professors were really more interested in publishing, in research, in
grants, in really not teaching. So things like that really made a difference
for me. Here, the students, the night life downtown was just hysterical, it
was great.
HS: Were there any teachers that stick out in your mind as really helping you
move on throughout college and what you ended up doing afterward?
GH: Ya know, there were a lot. I still remember Bob Mahoney was head of I
think biology, and head of the department. And then Roy Myers at the time
was here. And they were great, fully accessible. At the time I was not your

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typical student by any stretch and they put up with me and were
encouraging and they were great.
Why weren't you the typical student?
Well I think probably one of the examples was I worked two-to-three jobs
when I was here because I had to make ends meet. As part of that, when I
graduated from Skidmore I had a pretty high GPA fortunately and had a
pretty rigorous schedule with the double major and a minor and so on. So
the logical thing to do was to apply to medical school. And at the time it
was pretty competitive at the time to get in, I think it was roughly twelve
applicants for every one acceptance so they had said, 'ya know where are
you applying' and I said 'I'm not applying, I've always wanted to see how
good a skier I could be, so I'm going to go out in Colorado and teach skiing
and race full time and see what I can do'. And ya know so I think most of
the people would shake their head and in fact one of the faculty members
said 'you'll never get into medical school'. And ya know Roy and Bob
Mahoney said, 'look, totally get it and ya know it's a bit of a risk, but you
need to do what you think's best and ya know, go for it'
Were your friends at Skidmore also naysaying?
Oh no I think they were all, they said 'great, go for it'
and were they all also in the same, bio-chem sphere or from sports, or
ballet?
Ya know, it was such a small campus of 2,000-or-so and only I think about
200-or-so guy, actually when I left it was maybe like 300. I think I had
friends across the different environments. There were only I think twelve
biology/chemistry majors at the time on campus and I think almost all of
them were women, probably statistically. So I had friends who were taking
english studies and all sorts of other things, so it was a pretty diverse group.
For example, my roommate who only stayed a semester was in fine arts and
became a fine arts painter, ya know still makes his living today in
Connecticut and has had a lot of very high priced paintings that he's done
that've been accepted, but he decided after six months he really just wanted
to paint, but still we've stayed in touch and he's a great guy.
So what was your average week like between classes and skiing and hockey
and two jobs?
One of the things I learned was I actually do better on almost all measure
for me, including happiness and certainly academics, when I was
scheduled. So I'd say during the busiest parts of the year which was winter
for me, I would typically have a pretty full day of class because science
classes start early in the morning with labs and things and when I finished
up with them, a typical, I'd play a sport so say, we'll say late in the season

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maybe before winter, we'd still have soccer that'd be four to five-thirty. By
the time we got up to the dining room it was about ready to close, we'd all
pile in and eat dinner quickly and then I'd go to the library from six to ten I
think was my routine and just really study and then, again the drinking age
was eighteen, to reward ourselves, we'd hop in the car and zip downtown
for a beer at Tin and Lint or Harold J which was a big bar then. Barclays
was pretty big later on. So we'd have a beer, back in bed by 11, go to
sleep around 11:30 or so, wake up and do it all over again.
And what was your typical nightlife on the weekend?
The weekends for me was pretty much when I bartended and waited tables
so for me the busiest weekend would be - and some weekends I just played,
but mostly I was working - when I was working at the restaurant after class,
I'd be there at 4 to set up. I'd wait tables from 4 to 10 and then I'd get out of
there and I'd go to one of the bars and then I'd bartend at Harold J's from
about 10:30, 11, till about 4 A.M. when they closed and then I'd get back,
maybe take a quick nap, shower then I'd go up to West Mountain, teach
skiing Saturday and then I'd come back, usually wasn't waiting tables and
I'd go back and bar tend again from 11 till 4AM. And then Sunday I'd sleep
in.
That's a schedule.
It was, it was, but when you're young you know, you can do it.
Did you do that all four years?
Pretty much, you know it changed a little here and there over the years but I
pretty much had two or sometimes three jobs, part time, just piecing them
together.
And do you feel like you were able to learn in your jobs to help
academically or things academically to help your jobs at all?
Ya know I think so in a bit because it taught you the basics like show up on
time, ya know, be responsible, fundamentally do the right thing. So I think
so, ya know Skidmore really I thought was a highly ethical place, for a
better term, people were trying to do the right thing.
Did you study abroad?
I didn't.
What made you choose to stay on campus?
I don't think they had many abroad programs at the time. And my academic
schedule was so packed that I don't think, if I remember right, it would have
really worked for me to go abroad to get the biology/chemistry
requirements and the business requirements that I had I didn't have many
electives open.
And did you have one go-to best friend?

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GH: Ya know, it probably changed, well it did change a bit over time. The first
was my head resident a guy named Allan Braunstein, so one of the earliest
guys. And he was a great guy and he was classic open door policy so his
apartment, the head resident apartment of course was pretty big and it was
like Grand Central Station, so he was a great guy and later his brother
actually transferred in from BU or BC, I can't recall, and he became a good
friend too, Ron Braunstein.
HS: What made you so close to these guys?
GH: Ron and I played hockey together, just in general they were involved and
organizers. Allan Braunstein being a head resident organized everything;
we had a water festival at the time, I'm not sure if it still goes on. He was a
big skier. We actually had a ski rope tow when I came in fact. So we would
take a few quick runs down there, it was pretty small but we would ski over
there. And we were just involved in all the antics like going downtown was
again a big part of campus life here. Thursday night was one of the more
interesting nights, you would go down to a bar that, if I understand right
was the one portrayed in Animal House where they showed the guys in the
road trip and go into this bar with a couple of girls from a college. Well the
guys are coming supposedly from Dartmouth in real life and it's Skidmore
girls that they meet up with and the bar that they go into used to be called
the Golden Grill and it was a predominately blacks or African Americans
during the week if you would. And Thursday night for some reason at
midnight - I think the cover became free or they had some beer special that at midnight it would all change, so all the Skidmore people would pour
in, which at that time was predominately pretty homogenous white,
Caucasian class. And it got to be the point that the bartenders that the
Golden Grill - we used to call it the Golden Griddle - would call it white
night. And looking back it was probably politically incorrect but it was
literally as much as you saw in Animal House. You saw lots of town people
who were not Skidmore people dancing with Skidmore girls there were
African American guys with white upper middle class Skidmore girls, and
it was hysterical, everyone was relaxed and had a lot of fun.
HS: And this was an every Thursday night thing?
GH: Pretty much. I might have the night wrong at this point but I think so.
Tuesday night was Tin and Lint, ten cent or nickel beers; hard to look back
on that. Wednesday night, I can't remember what that was. But Thursday
night I'm pretty sure was Golden Grill white night and it would just go on
from there.
HS: And so as you went through the years was there anything you wished you
did differently?

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GH: I wish I'd spent more time getting to know other people better. You know
we were all busy and as I mentioned my schedule kept me pretty busy but I
remember feeling a little uneasy about coming back to reunion and thinking
'what was it going to be like' and 'how many old friends will show up'. And
some friends show up and that's great, but what I've found out at one of the
early reunions was that I actually met people from my class that I barely
knew. And I might have known their face but almost didn't know their name
or might have known their name, and when I had a chance to finally sit
down and talk with them, no surprise they're great people; really smart,
really kind, great people. And I thought, 'man I wish I got to know them
when I was in college'.
HS: And as you were approaching graduation, did you and your friends feel
optimistic about post graduation, post college world?
GH: I think there was probably both, but I think in a way, for me, I was pretty
optimistic. I think we were so dumb we didn't know what we don't know.
So I think we felt pretty much like, 'look, we got a great education behind
us, we're healthy, we've got the ability and the tools to go out and really do
something'. I wasn't quite sure what it was going to be, I didn't know at the
time that I would apply to medical school, I didn't do that until years after I
came back and worked in admissions so I really didn't know how things
were going to turn out but I think I felt optimistic overall.
HS: What was it like being on the other side of Skidmore, going from a student
to an employee?
GH: It was great, it really was great. It was like working at a country club in a
way I realized one day, in that I was just a few years older, I came back
after I had ski'd for a few years and had one other job. It was still the same
dean who had accepted me and she said, 'look, you really know Skidmore,
you'll be a great asset et cetera' and I remember the time, because I was so
naive that I probably shouldn’t have said this but at the time there were
rumors that Skidmore was lowering its standards for men because they
wanted to get co-educational more quickly. So I think it was probably
inappropriate in the interview me saying, 'I want to be clear though, I'm not
gonna accept students if I read their folders, or recommend acceptance, for
students who are sub par'. And I was so refreshed, she said, 'no, we are
holding men to the exact same standard as women, and we're in this for the
long haul and we want to build a thriving long term campus'. So being on
the other side of the coin was refreshing in kind of the same sort of ethical
environment from professors in doing the right thing and students as well
and the same thing I saw in the administration. And you know they weren't

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perfect, none of us are perfect, but they really had their hearts in the right
place.
So what is it like now seeing that there are 2500 kids up from 2000, it's a
60/40 split, how does that feel looking back from where you're coming
from?
It does feel great in many ways. I mean we had some special experiences
that can't be repeated because it was the time, someone, sometimes it was
the ratio that made certain things, I don't think would happen anymore in a
positive way. But I think looking now, change is right the only constant in
life, and Skidmore has changed for the better. It's academically stronger
than when I was here - even though it was a strong school. It's got many
many more sports, it's hopefully better endowed, its got tremendous
facilities, I think it's got a great vision. SO I'm proud, it's a great college,
and I'm very glad I came here and it gave me the tools to be a constant
student so thats probably the best tools that it gave me, to be a constant
student. That's what I see when I come here, is that students are learning
how to learn and be a lifelong student.
And if you meet someone today that is thinking about going to Skidmore,
what would you tell them?
Yea I would certainly recommend it. In fact I've got a daughter in high
school, I don't know where she'll go, it'll be her decision, but yea I used to
be an interviewer, an alumni interviewer. I think for the right person it's a
great school. I think the question a number of people get is, 'what can you
do with a liberal arts education?', and my view is the reciprocal, almost
what can't you do with a liberal arts education? When you think about, I
think it's not so important what you come out of Skidmore with in terms of
your degree, but I think if it teaches you to be that constant constructive,
inquisitive person to realize that learning doesn't end when you leave your
undergrad or even your grad degree, goes on forever. I'm not sure if that
was a hyperbole for that example, but I think Skidmore really instilled in
me, I have three degrees, two masters and a doctorate and that's partly how
I'm hardwired but Skidmore really encouraged me to keep learning. I think
I did three or four, four fellowships after that and ya know I think I'll
continue to go on learning until they put me in the ground.
What are those degrees in?
I'm a physician so I have an M.D., and then I have a masters in Health Care
Services Research which is kind of a combination of how health care
systems work; epidemiology, statistics. And then I have an MBA from
Wharton in Health Economics.

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HS: And when you were a freshmen did you ever imagine yourself where you
are now?
GH: Not at all. In fact I really thought seriously about being a full time bartender
forever. It seemed liked a great lifestyle and in fact one of the guys from
town I worked with who was ancient at the time - he was in his thirties basically said, 'do this for life, it's great. When I go home, I go home' There
were a lot of plusses, so I had no idea where I was going to head.
HS: Do you have any anecdotes about a time that the liberal arts mentality
directly affected how you thought about something that came up while you
were getting your masters degree or in your career that had you not had the
liberal arts education you would not have been able to approach the same
way?
GH: Ya know I'm not sure if this is directly on point with kind of your question
but ya know maybe. And maybe it's a bit in the way I'm hardwired, but I
think Skidmore encouraged or allowed that. So maybe a good example is
when I left Skidmore, although I wasn't happy 100% of the time with
everything that happened here I really thought my money was well spent,
their money was well spent, they gave me a great education, faculty were
dedicated to us and teaching was the primary role of the instructors and
professors. And when I went to medical school years later which was a lot
more expensive and presumably a lot more competitive I really had high
expectations that this is going to be the best experience I've ever had. And I
would say that I was almost aghast at how poorly I thought the educational
system was in medical school. So I guess my point is, it lead me to do two
things that were pretty unusual even for my medical school classmates at
the time. One was I got a grant from the American Medical Association that
allowed me to do almost any constructive project over the summer between
my first and second year and I wrote a literature-based review on teaching
principles and teaching techniques and I even talked to some of the teachers
here, but I wrote a pretty constructive but scathing review of how the
medical school educational system was set up and why it was so
dysfunctional and why it was a poor set up for teaching our future
physicians and the school did not like it to say the least. They literally stuck
it in a drawer.When I went to the office to see, and I asked the dean if he
had read it and he said, 'yes i did', he pulled out a drawer, showed me the
paper and said, 'and this is where it's going to stay'. So I think in part it in
encouraged me to constructively question things and not just to complain
but to propose constructive solutions and in fact thats what I did, I think, in
that review. I think the other thing it did to do was to be a little non
conventional, so in medical school I felt the school was so poor in terms of

�13

Hess	

HS:
GH:
HS:
GH:

HS:
GH:

HS:
GH:
HS:

GH:

its instruction it was mostly just memorization that I actually got a job full
time again, but I got a job as a financial planner and I would pretty much
not attend class at medical school for the first two years because it was just
memorization and I would go off and do my job, go home at night and
memorize the text and come back and take my tests and progress on. Really
until your third year when you're seeing patients, yea you could be taking it
anywhere. So I think if it wasn't for Skidmore, I'm not sure where I would
have really had the confidence to do that.
And if you could go back and tell yourself as a freshmen one word of
advice, what would it be?
Enjoy
And did you have any regrets? Other than not meeting more people?
Other than that, really not, I think I was one of those really fortunate kids in
college that at the time there were some college colleagues who really
weren't happy they were just marking their time ya know handing in their
homework, their parents sent them here, they felt like they needed to get a
degree and ya know they really were just marking time. But now I think I
was one of those fortunate, probably the majority who said, 'you kidding?
this is incredibly great, I've got a place to sleep every night, I've got great
food, I've got a job, I've got lots of friends, I mean what could be better.' It
was a great environment I would say 95% of the time. It felt like we were
living the dream.
And looking back is there anything you're happy has remained the same at
Skidmore from then all the way until now?
Since I'm not here day-to-day it's a little hard to say yes, for sure, but I get
the same spirit of the college is really dedicated to the students and I think
that's the primary way it should be. I'm a senior fellow at Penn, I'm the
faculty there, I'm a faculty at Drexel College of Medicine and I've been to
many institutions for the degrees as I've mentioned, so I've seen other
colleges first hand and they don't all operate that way. So I'm really
impressed that Skidmore, again, I think is really focused on the students
and I think that it's primary mission and how it should be.
What about the opposite, is there anything that you wish was not still
around?
No I don't think there's much I could add?
So maybe to wrap up if there's just any last stories that you want to share
about something that happened at Skidmore or something that happened
downtown?
Well you know, there were a lot of fun times that we put it in context
because most of the students here were studying hard and doing

�Hess	

14

academically well but there's no question that we had a social life, um so I
guess one of the funnier times I do remember was that when spring
vacation would roll around, it was a big deal everybody wanted to take off
and either go to Florida or go someplace else to get some sun, it's a pretty
cold winter up here, lots of snow. So given that whole feverish environment
you'd see on probably a barely 50 degree day with the sun out there would
be girls in their bathing suits and guys in their bathing suits behind the
dorm, I can't remember the name of the dorm, but trying to lay down on the
ground so the wind wouldn't freeze them to death trying to get some base
tan before they went to Florida. And then it was usually right before the
spring break but it was also for the kids who couldn't afford to go on spring
break or just couldn't logistically, we would have these unbelievable beach
parties downtown. So the one I remember probably the best was at a bar
that's not there anymore called Barclays, it was an old bank that's not a
store downtown. And myself and some of the other employees there went
out to the dump - the illustrious dump - and we got a bathtub and we found
a plug at the hardware store, put it in the bathtub. And a lot of the places
had a cover charge at the time and that night cover charge was you brought
in liquor and we put in sour mix and some liquor but everybody who came
into the door would poor their liquor into the bathtub and of course the
concoction got more and more odd and more and more potent as the night
wore on. So - and you had to come in beach attire - at the end of the night,
it had a very high bar because it was the teller spots, and on top of that bar
just spontaneously people put on of the bar stools and people eventually
began climbing on top of the bar stool, standing on top of that so you were
a good 15 to 20 feet and fortunately with the right crowd, and the right
music, the DJ, the people were doing Acapulco bar diving where they
would dive off the bar stool into the crowd - people knew you were coming
- and people would hopefully catch you before you hit the ground. So it
was just a hysterical, between the bathtub concoction and the Acapulco bar
diving, it was just one of those parties you just shook your head at and said,
you know this will just never be recreated.

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                    <text>Ladd

1

Interview with Bill Ladd by Harry Sultan, Skidmore College
Saratoga Memory Project, Skidmore College, NY June 1st, 2018

Harry Sultan: Who are you?
Bill Ladd: Better question. Like, why don't we try... you know, I have so many
stories, just you need to be more direct.
HS:

Okay, let's just start, if you could introduce yourself.

BL:

Sure, my name is BIll Ladd, I'm class of '83 and I am a trustee on Skidmore's
Board of Trustees.

HS:

Where are you from?

BL:

I'm originally from Wayne, Maine, 04284. And I live in, currently, Framingham
Massachusetts.

HS:

What does it feel like to be back at Skidmore?

BL:

I'm here a lot. I love it, um I was just here two weeks ago for the trustees meeting
and commencement but this is nice because I'm with my classmates. And it's a
great, we've just have always had a great class. So I love seeing not only my
classmates but also the people I encountered my six years on the alumni board as
chair of reunions so I would come every year and meet - oh, and I also called
every single alum who had a reunion, and that's 29,000 people and I started with
my 8th grade teacher Mrs. Jane Chilcott.

HS:

Even if you come back so often, is there one thing you look forward particularly
for coming back to Skidmore?

BL:

Well first of all, the campus is georgious; but it's always the people, because the
people make the college. And from every spectrum of groundskeeping, - they call
it campus safety now, but for me it'll always be campus security - to everybody,
it's just a great place to be. I mean literally, it changed my life, and I owe
Skidmore my life. It's always great.

HS:

Was there one specific moment at Skidmore that you felt like was really pivotal in
changing your life?

�Ladd

2
BL:

There are so many. Skidmore; I just had breakfast with a couple of my professors
and they always raised the bar just a little bit higher than I ever could touch. And
they brooked none of my charms which - I can be pretty charming - but um, and I
owe them that, because they always taught me to do my very best and in fact, the
late and great Phyllis Roth used to say, "is this your very best work?" and I'd have
to roll my eyes and just "ugggggh no". And she'd say, "okay, you have until 5
o'clock to make it better", and I'm like 'okay'. And that has lasted me all my life.

HS:

What kind of classes were you taking with these great professors?

BL:

Um English, Psychology, History - Tudor History. I just saw my professor, Pat
Lee, and literally she's just phenomenal. Susan Cress, um Joanna San Grando, of
course I was a theater major so I would say Caroline Anderson, you know
instilled in me, real pre-professional standards and yea, I will always be in debt to
them.

HS:

So what was your average week like?

BL:

(laughs) Psychotic. As a theater major we were just happy to see the sun, cause
we were always - if you weren't in class, you were in rehearsal, or getting ready
for rehearsal or in performance and it was just non stop, so. There's a story of my
senior year, I was just running like a gerbil on a treadmill and I get this letter from
Academic Advising and I though 'oh noooo'. And I'm standing there in Case
Center staring at Ladd Hall which was named for my grandparents and I'm
thinking, 'how do I tell my grandparents I'm getting kicked out my senior year?'.
So I sucked it up and I opened it and it said, 'congratulations, you've made dean's
list' and I'm like 'get out of here, that can't happen'. And I went up to Academic
Advising, and they said 'no, here're your grades' and I'm like, 'how did that
happen? I don't know'. So that was a good moment too.

HS:

So is there any feeling, explain what it must feel like to go back into that place
where you spent so much time as a student and know that after all those years you
made Dean's List.

�Ladd

3
BL:

Yea, you know I never thought of myself as a good student. But it was just, every
corridor has a memory and I think about how I grew as a person, my classmates,
both who are here and not here anymore and just like, I never saw myself as a
trustee, and here I am a third generation trustee which is kind of weird; it's kind of
like getting kicked up to the grownups table at thanksgiving. You're there and
you're like, 'am I really supposed to be here?' but the answer is yes, I am. But it's a
really humbling feeling because I served the college and the students and I have
the kids, I meet as many kids as I can and I ask them to call me either Bill or
Uncle Bill but if you call me Mr. Ladd, I'll slap the taste out of your mouth.
C'mon, let's get away from that because when you have your name on a couple of
buildings people can get kind of freaked, so I'm like, 'everybody breathe. And
unclench. All is well'. I'm just paying it forward.

HS:

And when you walk around campus all these times you've come back, is there one
place that really evokes--

BL:

There're so many. Kimball, my freshman dorm and the pantheon of champions, is
always wonderful. It's, I just take the time, you know when I drive up onto
campus, especially as a trustee they don't allow you to have a whole lot of free
time so I just look and take it all in, the green, the quad, it's definitely georgious. I
think about, we used to always have to perform in the field house, course now you
have a theater - not that I'm bitter - but I spend so much time in Colton House
where Alumni Affairs is, and in North Hall where Advancement is and it's just,
you know, I'm really honored to be able to come back in the capacity that I am
and be the leader that I am, which is something I'm always trying to work with.

HS:

Do you remember your first night in Kimbal?

BL:

I do. When I pulled up in my orange Volkswagon Rabbit diesel. The first two
people I saw were Jim van Law and Mark Venter and I remember going and
meeting my roommate for the very first time who, spoiler alert, teaches here now
- Peter McCarthy. Country mouse, city mouse, it was kind of like that. And it was
just, yea, we all just kind of gathered and went to the dining hall, which is

�Ladd

4
lightyears in difference from the palace that you have now. I don't want to hear
nobody complain about no food cause it was not like that back in the day. And we
just all coalesced.
HS:

And did you ever for a second think, as a freshmen back then that this is where
you'd be now.

BL:

(laughs) Oh sure! Not hardly, are you kidding? I was just happy to graduate and
then it was like, you know, it was just not even on my radar. Just wasn't.

HS:

And so other than some theater classes and some english classes, what other
activities did you take part in?

BL:

Do you know anything about being a theater major? Hello? It's um, I remember
all the movies on campus, you know they had a lot of horror pictures back in the
day like when a stranger calls and the tag line is - the original, not the horrible
remake - it's, 'have you checked the children' and so what we would do is, after
the movie, we would wait about an hour and then we had extension phones in
each of the suites around campus and we would call ya know, Penfield which is
an all female dorm and somebody would pick up the phone and we'd say, 'have
you checked the children', and you'd hear screaming, and we were like "yes, yes!
Good stuff!", we'd get really immature stuff like that which I'm very - I wear with
a badge of pride. Dressing up as Frankenfurter for Rocky Horror Picture Show,
um it was just a lot of work in theater and going downtown, I wasn't really a bar
guy because we didn't have time. You know? But we did go to the Exec which
had amazing steak fries, that's where the theater crowd hung out. We went to the
rafters - disco, woot woot - good stuff. Yea, but it was wonderful, and we get to
talk about these situations with our classmates who are here at reunion which is
nice.

HS:

Did you study abroad?

BL:

No I did not. I couldn't figure that out in my head; how I could do that and then
come back in and get plugged in for the spring shows, if you had left in fall. My
son did, he figured that out, but I did not. So, but I lived abroad, it was okay.

�Ladd

5
HS:

So what was your senior year like, wrapping things up did you have a senior
project or senior performance?

BL:

It was a play, it was you know, coming to grips with, well what're we going to do
after graduation and during my - in 1980, I did my first movie while I was still a
student here. And back in the day, in the theater department movies were looked
down upon - it's all about the theater - well I like movies, I like TV, so just trying
to figure out what my next steps were but also, when I graduated I was there with
like my dad who was a trustee, my grandmother who was the very first alum to be
a trustee and I'm thinking, 'okay'. And of course my amazing class, and it was just
trying to be able to put those pieces together and, but I'll tell ya that senior year
went by in a snap. When you tell the kids, 'look, just stop, look around, try to be
present, remember this moment right now because it'll be gone' and all of a
sudden, they're in May and they're walking up in front of you.

HS:

So if you could talk to your freshmen year self right now, what would you tell
him?

BL:

That's a great question. Um, I don't know, just be you. And thankfully I was, but
just relax cause, well I am the first openly gay trustee at Skidmore, and I didn't
come out until I was 25. But at that point it wasn't really, there wasn't really the
atmosphere to be okay with that. So I would just say, just you know, as my
grandmother used to say, 'you don't always have to tell all you know'. Which is
one of my, I have a collection of sayings from her. I would just say, you know,
'continue to be you' and, 'you are enough'. That's what I tell my son all the time.
Sometimes he listens, sometimes he doesn't.

HS:

Did you have a core group of friends?

BL:

I was very blessed to have a lot of friends in varying degrees, I mean different
majors and it was just a good group of, I mean I'm still here, one of my
sophomore roommates, we were in the only sophomore triple on campus, um two
art history majors and a theater major - hilarity ensues - you know, some of the
things we did. You know we just collected friends. And um, we were never in the

�Ladd

6
popular crowd, and I still couldn't figure out how that happened, but um these
many years later we're making new friends, ya know we're not the same people as
we were when we were students, thank god. Some of us have grown up and gone
very different ways, I mean, I was a theater major, so naturally after 35 years in
motion pictures I'm a pastor. Yes. Gods got a sense of humor. But no, that was the
great thing, I didn't have time for sports, though I should have played tennis but I
couldn't figure out a way to get another couple of hours in the day. Just wasn't
gonna work.
HS:

Could you bring it back to that sophomore year triple for a little bit?

BL:

Oh god it was great. Well we had a really sucky number, and we were like, okay
what do we do? Well there's one way to keep on campus, we should become a
triple, we kind of looked at each-other. We all lived in Kimbal, and we said, okay
let's do this. And then we had, we got our number, we got our room, and I chose
the modular unit, it was my little perch. And it was really terrific. We had such a
great time. There's a famous comedy album called, When You're in Love the
Whole World is Jewish and we would play that nightly and we would just laugh
ourselves to sleep. It was just so much fun. We did have some, there were some
romantic exploits of my roommates that were interesting, but you know it was just
terrific, and our other roommate who cannot be here, he lives in the next town
over from me in Massachusetts and so that's really great. Yea we were just in, they
were like "they put you three in a triple?". Well that's what triple means, three.
Um, and it's just the stuff of legend, we would terrorize parents during parents
weekend by opening up a window and going, 'Mommy? Mom, I'm lost' and
watching the, ah so good. So naturally the ministry called. It's one of those things,
why did they put them together. And 35 years later, we are still very close so that's
terrific.

HS:

So what was a normal Friday night for you?

BL:

No such thing, they all kind of blended. Are you in rehearsal, okay you go through
classes and then literally you had like maybe five or ten minutes to gobble down

�Ladd

7
your meal and then run back to rehearsal and then, and that's, I do have a bad
eating habit because of Skidmore. I can eat a meal in five minutes which is not
always good. But, yea it's like 'what's going on this weekend? What're the
movies? Anything good?". Or sometimes we'd drive out and, you know, to the old
Pyramid Mall and see horror pictures like the Fog - that was really great - and the
original Friday the 13th, you know, always fun. American Warewolf and yea, it
was just, kind of one of those moments. Back in the day, McDonalds used to have
the shamrock shakes and we would go downtown cause thats where McDonalds
was, and get a shamrock shake and would say, "look! it's the exorcist" and go
"bleaah". Again, not the high mark of taste in humor, but we were young and
stupid. Um, that would be, we would make our own fun but it was, we spent a lot
of time on campus ya know, the whole bars and drinking thing just wasn't mine.
HS:

So did you ever interact with the locals and the local businesses?

BL:

Always, cause you know, when you did go downtown that's just who you were
with and coming from a very small town you really don't want to show yourself
off not to be a good neighbor, let's just put it that way. And in fact, Steve Sullivan
who's class of '78, he'd graduated before but he was always very connected to
Skidmore and owns Old Bryan Inn, and Longfellows and connected me to the
folks in town and so I just always looked at Saratoga as an extension of Skidmore
and really great relationships. And I still do, I really love coming back, I think
Saratoga is just an amazing place.

HS:

Are there any establishments that you went to in college that you look forward to
coming back to now

BL:

Well a lot of them are closed. Theres The Parting Glass, always was great. Of
course Old Bryan Inn, hello, nat'(urally). But a lot of the, Mrs. Londons, a lot of
the places have since gone by the wayside because that's what happens as time
passes. And oh, sorry OBI still has the best french onion soup. Old Bryan Inn. It's
in a little crock and it's got that molten cheese over the top, forget it that's just,

�Ladd

8
forget it. That's all I have to say to my classmates, they're like "oh my god, so
good".
HS:

Is there anything, outside of academics that really stuck with you as a life lesson
that stuck with you from being at Skidmore?

BL:

I have to go back to 'Is this your very best work'. Because, in the industry, motion
picture industry, no one is going to ask you that. It is that personal kind of
standards and scholarship that you always carry. And you know if something is
your very best. You know if you've kind of shined something on and it's just not
right. And of course I would pair that with what my grandfather said, 'there's two
ways of doing something, the easy way and the right way' and in this world you
have your word and your name. No one will ever ask you that, but you know. And
so all those cobbled together and that has lasted me all these years because it's
just, you are yourself and if you don't hold yourself to higher standards, no one
else will.

HS:

Is there one thing from back during Skidmore that you wish you could change?

BL:

Yea. I wish I hadn't contemplated suicide my freshmen year. It was a very dark
place you know, being in the closet, in fact this is the last thing - I don't have
many more closets to come out of - but I just talked about this in the latest board
of trustees meeting, and I did. And Skidmore saved my life, I mean literally my
house counselor, my RAs got me into counseling and that actually started the
process of me coming out. But I wish I hadn't had done that, um I wish I hadn't
pretended but that's, that's where I was, and that's where the country was at the
time so now, thankfully that served me to be first of all, me, and like I said, the
first to be openly gay trustee which I don't really think much about and it's like,
"oh, that's right, I guess I am" but like, well you know, they look like me, and I'm
like "well you know, looks can be deceiving" and it allows other people to tell
their stories. So in a roundabout way, I hope I've answered your question.
Something like that.

�Ladd

9
HS:

Do you think Skidmore today is more of a safe place for young men and women
to be themselves?

BL:

I think it is. You know, that's a journey, it's not like a destination, once we're there,
we're there, because as the world changes you know, this environment has to
change in being reflective of that change and having a place where people can be
themselves authentically 100% and that's a goal and it's a continuing process that
the trustees are very aware of - excuse me - and the college is very aware of. Yea,
it's remarkable.

HS:

And is there anything you hope does change with Skidmore?

BL:

I hope we get more endowment money? Sorry, just you know. I want to see - I'm
not a big fan of the word diversity, because I think it's kind of limiting, or like the
word multicultural, I like the word reflective - the reflective of the world, because
I want to be in that world, I don't want to be in just a very anglo-centric
environment, cause frankly it bores the teeth out of me and that's not where I've
lived. I've lived in the world, and I like the world being reflected. In fact Lynda
Jackson Chalmers and I were sitting next to each-other at commencement and
said, 'ya know' she's class of, oh golly, nineteen seventy-, I want to say nineteen
seventy-one or seventy-three, and she said, 'I remember when, you know I first
came on the board, there were maybe twelve students of color and as we sit there
and as we sat in this commencement - which was cold, and rainy, and wet - we
had lots of time to just huddle together and there was just wave after wave of
children - sorry, they're children - they're grownups, in quotes. But kids from Asia
and African countries and it was just so enlightening and heartening that it's like,
imagine, and then she goes "I don't even count anymore because there are so
many kids" and I just said, 'ya know, imagine the courage it takes to not just go to
a different state, go to a different country or continent. And these kids from China
and the Asian countries, as well, and that's very in-strata of me, the Asian
countries as well as the African countries'. All I had to do was come from Arizona
and look what they've done and look who they are, and we were just sitting there

�Ladd

10
welling up with pride. And also humility and gratitude that these kids felt safe
enough to come to Skidmore and just rock the place, so it was a very big moment
- still we were freezing to death, but there we go.
HS:

And when you were going up on that stage to graduate, what was the world like
that you were going into

BL:

Let's see, '83? Ronald Reagan. It was the early 80s and it was a surreal moment.
You know materialism, at least in my life, it was all about stuff and achievement
rather than being the person and it took me a while to figure that out so I just, ya
know, right after I graduated I started getting work on All My Children, which
was a soap opera back then. But it wasn't about doing good acting work, and I
didn't get that until later and I went, 'Oh, okay', I was ill-prepared but that was
because of my own development. Yea, it was a different time but I'm glad I did it.

HS:

Was there, amongst your friends, was there general optimism about the prospect
of post college?

BL:

I don't really, I think we all just though, sure we can do anything cause you know
when you're young and arrogant, 'hey, you know, I can do that'. And that's what
we did. We were just talking about that actually last night, there were two
classmates of mine who were making $11,000 out of college and they're one
dream was to make their age in thousands and you know, we just thought well we
can do that and it was, you know, I guess that's kind of the Skidmore motto, 'hell,
I went to Skidmore, I can do anything' or that's always been my motto. But you
figure it out, and I think that's um, there was the optimism. There certainly wasn't
the divisiveness that is, well back in the old days you know Russia was a
communist country, not colluders anyway. Just, things have changed and its a
different environment now.

HS:

So if you meet someone today who's thinking about going to Skidmore

BL:

Well yea I'll interview them. Yea.

HS:

What are some of the things, if they ask you "should I go", what's your boiler
plate

�Ladd

11
BL:

I don't really have a boilerplate. I grill them pretty hard because I love this
college, look ya know, if you're someone who wants to be a member of this world,
a conscious member and who's willing to take risks in their education to really
stretch themselves, then this is the place to go. If you're looking for a backup
school, bye bye, no no. You know just go somewhere else. But if you really want
to be a stuck in citizen, then this is where you want to be, cause it will change you
in ways you cannot foresee and you can't study for it. You can't take a test for it.
And just get ready, cause you think 'yup, this is what I'm going to do, I'm going to
business school, business school, business school', and then ding, you're over here
doing something else, 'yes, I'm in environmental science, how did that happen?'
This is being prepared to being a conscious member of this planet and I think it'll
help to be, to have that liberal arts education because people change careers, not
jobs, at least nine times and baby you gotta be able to pivot cause if you ain't got
pivot you got diddly and that's the nicest thing I can say. And that's been the
hallmark of my life because of all the different careers that I've had and here, ya
know, when I think I can't be surprised anymore (laughs) I called the ministry, 'are
you fricking out of your mind', but you have to have, like all those skills? Trust
me I use my education a lot.

HS:

Can you give me an anecdote about how Skidmore has affected not just your life
in theater but your life as part of the ministry?

BL:

Oh absolutely, you have to be able to write. In fact I just finished my ordination
paper after a year and I defend it on June 21st so, you know - include prayers here
- but you have to be able to write and tell a story and that goes into crafting a
sermon, and mine are not only crafted pretty well but are under 15 minutes. You
go in, you make your point, you get the hell out, but also it looks at fundraising,
stewardship. Again, it's all about storytelling, how you tell that story. I also used
my filmmaking tools for not only for Skidmore, but also for the church. Because
it's about, not only reaching out to the church community but also to the wider
community. Again, it's story, it's communication, it's also being conscious of your

�Ladd

12
environment and in the world environment, psychology, sociology, economics,
publicity, vision, you know, and empathy, all those, it's just like, I use my
education every day.
HS:

I'm trying to be mindful of the time, but do you have any last just profound great,
unbelievably best stories from Skidmore?

BL:

I think that'll have to be in our volume 2, because I have a lot of stories. Some I
can share, and some I cannot.

HS:

Can you share one?

BL:

It's like, 'be funny!' oh thanks, thanks for that. Um well, first day I walked on thet
set of Ghost Story, I was an extra with some lines that eventually got cut, I was
scared ridiculous. And then, cause it was January, it was twenty-below, yea, and
I'm like 'okay', just trying not to throw up and there is this famous actor, producer,
director, John Houseman standing outside and I have my first scene with him.
And I'm like, I wanted to die. And I just said, 'um Mr. Houseman, my name is Bill
Ladd, and I'm going to be working with you today, and it's a true honor' and he
kind of gave me a side look and I went 'oh crap, I'm done' and I said, 'I'm a theater
student here' and I said 'I'm a very devout member of your history and what you
have done.' He says, 'Like?' I said, 'well you produced The Bad and the Beautiful
with Lonna Turner and Kirk Douglas' and he said, 'Really?' and I said, 'yea I'm a
huge fan' but also 'Mercury Theater, it's I really admire you' and so it put a big
smile on his face, the ice was broken, cause you know frost was forming on our
limbs, and we sat down for the next couple of hours until they set up the shot and
started to work. And that's how I didn't have a heart attack on my first day in
motion pictures.

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                <text>Ladd, '83, was a theater major who studied with Carolyn Anderson.  He hails from Wayne, Maine, and currently lives in Framingham, Massachusetts.  He recalls faculty including Phyllis Roth and Pat Lee pushing him to excel, acting in a movie while still in college, and being the third generation in the Ladd family to serve as a Skidmore College trustee.  He notes that he is the first openly gay trustee at the College. His social life included friends, movies at the old Pyramid Wall, and alum Steve Sullivan, '78, who owns the Old Bryan Inn and Longfellows.  Ladd also opens up about the one thing he would change about his time at Skidmore, was contemplating suicide during his first year of College.  He also describes how Skidmore helped him accept himself and has become a safer place for "young men and women to be themselves."  Now finishing a transition to a career in ministry, Ladd talks about how the writing and storytelling skills honed at Skidmore have served his work in theater and now for the church.</text>
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