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                    <text>JS: Hello, I am James Sutherland and um, I am doing the Saratoga Springs Memory Project
interview. Could you introduce yourself?
EM: Yes, I am Eric Morser, I am an associate professor of history at Skidmore College.
JS: Um, could you tell us a little about your background?
EM: Yeah, I am originally from Wisconsin, uh, I lived there for the first thirty three years of my
life, I went to the University of Wisconsin for my undergraduate degree, and liked it enough in
Madison Wisconsin that I stayed there for my masters and my PHD, so I was there for fifteen
years. Um, after that, I had a number of jobs around the country, I taught at a university in
Pennsylvania, I taught for two years at the University of New Mexico and three years at the
University of Florida, before coming up to Skidmore, and I have been at Skidmore now for about
nine years.
JS: So you came to Saratoga for Skidmore?
EM: Yes, yeah there was a job that was open, and it sounded like it was a good place, and I had
known some people who had taught here, and, uh, that is really what drew me here.
JS: Um, so what is one big memory, what is your favorite memory of Saratoga Springs?
EM: My favorite memory of Saratoga Springs is probably related to this little person here, uh, he
was born a few months after we moved here, and uh, I remember very clearly, I was teaching a
class- a night class on campus, I got a call from his mom saying "Can you come home, I need to
go to the hospital," and then he was born at 6:06 the next day on November 5, 2009, so that is
probably one of the clearest memories that I have.
JS: And, um, what about a memory from Skidmore?
EM: Uh, I think one of the best memories I've had from Skidmore is, right at- the year when I
came, there was something called the Coroda(?) lecture, and that's, it happens every two years,
it's hosted by the Poli-sci department, and Government, and American Studies, and each time
each department gets it they bring special speaker in. So, I think it was my first year, or my
second? I think it was my first year, where it was my job to bring the speaker in, and I was not
quite sure what to make of it, I had somebody in mind who turned out to be great, she came to
campus, she talked about early American history, she had just written a book about Thomas
Jefferson, and the women in his life, and it was that moment where I really felt like I was part of
the Skidmore community. Where people, I was reaching out to people, and they were coming to
this event, and it was kind of a big campus event, and that was a really good memory for me,

�that’s always been a good memory thinking about how it is that I started to create an origin, to
establish roots here.
JS: Any other events like that that stand out to you?
EM: Yeah, I mean one that’s more recent than that, is that I was able to work on a prison exhibit that
came to campus, it was a national prison exhibit, I had put together a public history course kind of like the
one that you’re teaching, it was built around a semester long project, I know you guys are doing the
Howard Zinn documentary, and that project was related to the history of Mount MacGregor, a prison that
closed in 2014, and we were invited to join this international, well really national but kind of international
organization, in which each school was donating a local story relating to mass incarceration. So I was able
to work on this project with those students, and then finally last semester that exhibit that had been
touring the country came to Skidmore, and it was kind of a nice series of memories of events that I’d
worked on, with Jordana Dym and some other people on campus, drawing people from in the community,
draeing a lot of students, and it was a series of really satisfying events that highlighted all of the things
that are possible when you’re at a place like Skidmore. So I think more recently that’s something that
really stands out.
JS: These- so community events, I take it, you’re very into them.
EM: Yes, yes definitely.
JS: Are those the only two, or…
EM: Those are the ones that really stand out, I – part of what I do along with teaching in the history
department, I’m the faculty director of civic engagement, so that has given me a chance to work with
other faculty members and students on similar kinds of community events so I spend a lot of time
thinking about bringing speakers to campus, and helping students reach out beyond the campus in ways
that are really satisfying, one thing that we did a couple of years ago was we brought a speaker in named
Julie Winoker(?), and she, uh, had put together a film about the challenge of trying to get people from
different political points of view having conversations with one another, and that was, we brought her in
in 2016, when the presidential election was really heating up, and it was a nice chance to bring members
of the community together for, uh, for an event that I thought was really important given the context of
the times. So whenever there’s a chance to do that kind of community outreach I really really enjoy it.
JS: What are some challenges that you face with that aspect of the job?
EM: It is always, uh with the civic engagement stuff, it is always um… well we don’t have a lot of
resources for it, so I’m lucky enough to work with a subcommittee, on campus, where I work with people
like Michelle Hubbs, who is a staff member who works on community outreach, and I work with other
faculty members. Had the committee not existed, I could not do the job at all. And part of it is just about
having financial support, a part of it is logistical support, planning these events takes a lot of time, and
takes a lot of energy, and it can be really satisfying, but it can be really stressful as well, trying to figure
out if the room you have is the right size, trying to reach out to people who are not members of the

�campus, trying to bring a lot of people in, there are always a lot of moving parts, so that’s part of the
challenge of it, and when it works it’s great, but it takes a lot of focused energy to get it moving.
JS: So what’s one thing about Skidmore or Saratoga Springs that you would change?
EM: Oooh, that I would change about Skidmore or Saratoga Springs… um… I guess for Skidmore, if I
could change anything, and this is a little more personal I guess, I really like this idea of civic
engagement, I wish we had a center for civic engagement, I wish we had some kind of a dedicated space,
I wish we had staff, I wish we had a million dollar a year budget, um, I think something like that would be
fantastic. And one thing that I also wish is that um, I wish that there was a little more sense of
coordination on campus because there’s so much going on, and a lot of times one hand doesn’t always
know what the other hand is doing in terms of planning events, or even putting classes together that I
wish there was some kind of way to coordinate things a little more so that we always, so that we have a
better sense of all of the activities that are going on, rather than having so much going on that people feel
overwhelmed, and I think that students sometimes feel overwhelmed by that as well. So I think if I could
change anything personally I’d love to have a center for civic engagement, otherwise if there was a way
to coordinate these events and um, to really involve different kinds of departments who might be
interested in these events and to bring them in in a more intentional way, I think that’d be great.
JS: Reverse of that, what’s one thing that you hope never changes?
EM: I hope, what never changes, is that, I hope I always have good, devoted students, and one thing I like
about Skidmore students is that they are really aware of the world around them. I like the fact that we
have so many students going abroad, I like the fact that there are a lot of students who really believe that
they can change the world, and if that attitude disappeared it would be a real loss, so I think that’s one
thing that I really like, I really like the students. You guys are really engaged, and you’re just, you’re a
fun group to work with, and that’s the biggest thing I would hate to see disappear.
JS: So how many different classes would you say you’ve taught at Skidmore?
EM: Um, I would say ten or twelve classes, I think something like that? Um, I’ve got in my rotation now
I’ve got six or seven, something like that, and I’ve got different versions, I think I’ve taught a dozen
different classes, ten or twelve for sure. And I mean that’s one thing that’s nice too that I really like about
Skidmore, is that we’ve got a lot of freedom to design the kinds of classes that we really like, um, at some
places I knew people who taught the same class over and over and over again, and there was not a lot of
freedom or leeway to really engage in that kind of creative pedagogy, where you would have a chance to
say, I really wanna teach a class on this, like I taught my first year experience course, when that exhibit
was here, I taugh a first year experience course on mass incarceration, and I was able to take my students
over to the exhibit and integrate them into the events, and that is something that would not necessarily be
common at a bigger university, so one great thing about Skidmore is that we have that kind of freedom to
teach a variety of different kinds of classes, and we’ve got a lot of, there’s a lot of energy in the history
department, where people are having conversations about classes that they want to teach, or team
teaching, or coming in and talking in somebody else’s class, we do that all the time, and there’s a really
nice sense of cooperative education going on here. And that’s, that’s been really exciting.

�JS: So is there any particular class or collaboration with another teacher that stands out?
EM: Uh, one that I did this past semester is, my colleague Erika Bastress-Dukehart, who teaches – you
may have had her before – that she teaches a course on crime and punishment ijn Europe, and I was doing
my course on mass incarceration in the United States, and I said to her it’d be great if you could come in
and talk about Fukoh(?) and talk about the European origins of American criminal justice, and she came
in and did that, and, uh, it was great for the students to meet her, and see, her, she’s really dynamic, and
she said now I – it’d be great if you could come into my class too, so I went into one of her classes on the
Reformation and talked about the impact of the Reformation on American history, and that was one
moment where the two of us could really come together, and it really wasn’t just about having
conversations, where we discover that we have similar interests, it was about us taking those similar
interests and viewing particular events from different points of view and coming into classes and sharing
those different points of view. It’s moments like that that are really great, and we’ve talked about doing
more of that kind of work here, and that’s one that I really look back and say “that worked, that was a
good thing.”
JS: Um, of all the historical sites in and around Saratoga, which one resonates with you most of all?
EM: I like – I love the battlefield, that’s probably an easy answer for me. I really, I’ll give you two to that,
I love the battlefield because I like to be able to talk about the Battle of Saratoga in class and tell students
we’re 20 minutes away from where the world changed. Uh, they do a really nice job leading tours, and
organizing it, but I really really like having that battlefield close by because it reminds students how close
history can actually be. One other place I like is Congress Park, and I like that just because of the beauty
of the park, and I’ve got fond memories of taking him (his son) there and going on the merry-go-round,
even though you cried the first time because you thought you’d never be able to come back ever again,
once we did that, but in terms of teaching I like to point to Congress Park because not only is that the
place where John Morrissey established one of his casinos, but it’s where Frederick Law Olmsted, the
landscape architect, did some of his work, and he’s the one who designed Central Park. So it’s a nice
opportunity to both be in this beautiful place and say “look, this is where all of this cool history happened,
it’s really close by, it defines the community that we all live in, and you can go and visit it, and see it.” So
those are two places that really stand out for me in terms of places that are close by, historical places.
JS: Do you think any sites around here are understated, or not as prominent?
EM: I am not sure, I think sometimes what happens is that people don’t always remember that they’re
surrounded by history, and one of the activities that I have students do in my public history class is just
take a day and walk around the downtown and look around at it, and look at the architecture, and look at
the dates on the buildings, and a place like Broadway I think has a really interesting history that people
don’t always think about because they don’t go down there thinking about the history, they think about
the shopping, or going to the bookstore or going out to eat, and if we stop and kind of just sit and look
around and say “that is, I had not thought about it in historical terms,” you can see how that type of
history in everyday life is just more important and more prominent than people often recognize. One thing
I like to do too is have students try and follow the railroad tracks, if you go down in front of, they run past

�the movie theater, and they run past to the grocery store downtown, that they’ve been laid out so that you
can walk the railroad tracks, and when you do something like that you get a sense of how the city has
changed. So in terms of finding places that are often overlooked, I like to take a look at the everyday, and
say “let’s try and locate this in a historical context.” And if you do that, then you can see how it is that the
everyday life that you lead is connected to these broader stories that continue to echo in American history
and in a place like Saratoga Springs.
JS: Do you think that Broadway and places like that are intentionally designed or presented in a way that
makes people think about history?
EM: I think it’s getting better, I think that there are efforts on the part of historic preservation in town, and
other local historians to say that we need to remember that this history is present, and I don’t think that
people always see it, but I think that there is an effort on the part of a lot of local historians to highlight
this kind of history as it exists, I just think that people are not programmed to notice it. But there is, I
think that there is a real effort in town to try and do this, and it doesn’t make Saratoga Springs unusual, I
think you see that in a lot of local communities, it is really hard to break people out of the contemporary
mindset and say “this is the past around us,” we’ve got to grasp that, to understand how that past that
seems long past is still alive and still shapes the world that we inhabit, I think local historians often have
to swim upstream to do that. They do a good job, in Saratoga Springs I think they do a pretty good job but
they’re fighting against a tendency of people to think very contemporarily in the way that they understand
the world.
JS: Do you think that Skidmore students are better about recognizing the subtleties of history found out in
the world?
EM: I think that if they take the time to think about it they can be very good, and I’ve seen this in my own
public history class where students have gone out and they’ve really been given the freedom and the
encouragement to go out and really think about these more subtle stories and I think that they have the
capacity to do that kind of work if they’re given the chance, and I think that some people in
environmental studies do prjects like this where they get students out into the community thinking about
environmental issues in a way that we as public historians really want our students to do the same kind of
thing. I think if Skidmore – one thing I like about Skidmore students is that you guys do almost
everything we ask you to do, and if given a chance you will do great things. So it’s about having the
opportunity and getting out and getting off the campus, and getting into town and getting to the battlefield
and seeing all of these things. And my experience is that when that happens, when I took students up to
see Mount MacGregor, it was eye opening. It was transformative for them to actually see the prison that
they were talking about in the class. So I have a lot of faith in Skidmore students.
JS: You mentioned environmental studies, do you think that… what other fields of study do you think are
beneficial to be studied alongside history?
EM: Um, I think, I love it when I have students who take anthropology, um because we do very similar
kinds of things, we look back, we put bits and pieces together trying to reconstruct lost worlds, so I love
when I have students who are archaeologists, who work with people like Heather Hurst, who are able to

�bring that point of view into the classes that I teach. I love having students who are able to contextualize
cultural issues, in classes, so I love having students who are English majors, or dance majors, or theater
majors, and I think theater in particular is a really cool way to think about storytelling which is what we
do as historians. So I think anthropologists, political scientists, these other kinds of humanists, bringing
them into the history classes can be fantastic, and I’m kind of running on and it’s going to be like “I love
having everybody in class!” But I also, I mean the other thing I would say is that it can be really
refreshing having physical and natural scientists taking history classes too, because they will bring to the
game different kinds of questions, and they are often really… I can see the lightbulb coming on for
example when I have environmental studies majors who emphasize the science part of it, taking an
environmental history class. So I like having students from all over the place who bring different points of
view, and who think in radically different ways but can inform what we talk about in history by what they
bring to the class from these different, these different locations.

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                    <text>Lawrence Opitz Interview
Josh Karen: This is Professor Larry Opitz, professor of theater at Skidmore College,
and founder of the Saratoga Shakespeare Company. So first, how did you get
involved in the Saratoga and Skidmore communities?
Lary Opitz: As far as the Saratoga community goes, it's kind of interesting. I came
to Saratoga when I was 26, married and from New York, and I came here
ostensibly to spend one year back in 1974. That was the plan because after
doing a lot of freelancing in New York in the theater here was this opportunity to
get out of New York for a year, make a decent salary where they pay me every
two weeks and then come back to New York and go back to work. Ummm the
other motivation was a friend was offered a job here or an acquaintance was
offered a job here in the theater department and he interviewed, came back
to New York and told me you gotta go up there, forget about the job, you gotta
see this town, it's beautiful, beautiful Victorian architecture, tree-lined wide
boulevards, and they'll take good care of you, they'll wine and dine you for the
weekend. So I said "what the hell?". So I came up here. Pouring rain, everything
was rushed, they wound up offering me a job. And I didn't make a decision,
because Barbara, [his wife], wasn't with me, and I wanted to talk to my friend, to
see if either of us or both of us really wanted to come up here. Umm, so.
Needless to say, we did. I don't know that for many many years I felt much of a
connection to the community of Saratoga. I thought of myself, and in some
ways still do think of myself as a New Yorker, meaning New York City. Umm still
had a lot of family in New York, went down regularly, a lot of my work was in
New York, I would travel back and forth all the time. This was where I worked,
but, and here's the tension, I was part of the Skidmore community, and I'll talk
about that specifically in a moment, but there was very little connection to the
Saratoga community. And through the years, I spent a lotta time traveling, when
I was a lighting designer, so, even though I had two kids up here, born in '76 and
'79, I wasn't that connected with their lives in school, as activities went, because
I was so often away, and Barbara was in charge of that. So I didn't feel any
strong connection to the community. That didn't change very much for many
many years, I wasn't a member of any organization, I think that so what became
important was that six or seven years after we had already lived here, we did
join what was then, what still is called the Jewish community center, which was
uh then an Orthodox congregation. We did it because it was time for the kids to
start religious studies, and we had two choices: we had a lot of friends who were
members of the reform congregation, we didn't know anybody who was
orthodox, we went in and we wound up joining there, and became very
involved very quickly, and that was our community. If it wasn't family, it was the
Jewish Community Center. So all community activities were focused there really.
Ummm I became active in terms of serving on the board, eventually becoming

�president, built a new building, and all of those relate to the community, but not
the community at large. One thing that changed that was probably some time
in the 80's, joining the local chapter of NAACP, but not getting too involved, and
again, not a whole lot of things I'd call community involvement. We lived in a
very, we still live in a very neat neighborhood, on the east side, and within a two,
three block radius, there were a lot of families with kids our age, kids the age of
our kids. So that was sort of a tiny little community. In 2000, I was a founding
member of Saratoga Shakespeare Company. That tied me into the community
more than anything else had to date, and continued working with Saratoga
Shakespeare, and people in town knew me from that, from my performances
every summer, and then eventually, about six years ago, Barbara and I took
over the company, and we have absolutely necessarily, by force, had to
become more intimate with the Greater Saratoga community, because we
needed to raise money. And again, we see 6,000 people every summer, many
of whom are Saratogians, and so we've become very connected with things
that we had never been connected with before. But that's, that's been, you
know the past 43, 44 years in terms of the community of Saratoga. Skidmore is
very different, but even there it's kind of weird. I came up here as a staff
member, not a faculty member, though I started teaching immediately, as a
lecturer I guess, and I spent a few years here, and all that mattered was the
theater, I wasn't involved in campus events very much. What's interesting is that
at that time, I was only six years, seven years older than most of my students, the
drinking age was 18, there was no stigma at all attached with hanging out with
students at parties and drinking, things were very different then, and there was a
lot of partying in the theater department. But it was all about the theater and
the work in the theater, and theater students and theater faculty. I had no
connection with the rest of the campus, other than the occasional friendship
that would pop up either because of our kids or just encounters. In, somewhere
in 19-, in the late 70's, I was going to leave here for another job, Boston University,
that I'd been offered. Decided to stay partially because they offered me a real
academic title, and I became an assistant professor with a nice salary raise, and
decided to stay, and that meant I had to be more of a community member.
Ummm. It took me a long time in the theater department, in meetings, in the
theater department, when I was 26, to really participate and voice my opinions.
Then I had the challenge of being a faculty member at large at faculty
meetings, and speaking up, speaking my opinions in front of the entire faculty.
But that was my responsibility, if I wanted to stay here, the goal would be to get
tenure. At that time, tenure was not attached to a promotion, now it is. When
you're automatically an associate professor, back then, you could get tenure
and then you had to go for promotion. So if I wanted to keep my job, and if I
wanted to grow in the job, I'd have to be more connected to the community,
the college community, which meant serving on college committees, which is
doing service for the faculty, but in the process of doing that, you're meeting
new faculty members, and developing new relationships. Governance started

�becoming more important to me, and standing up and speaking my mind in
faculty meetings became very important to me, and I was developing as
something of a leader and something of an impassioned speaker, because I am
an actor, meanwhile I was taking leadership in the Jewish Community Center,
taking leadership in the department in my first term as chair, so I started taking
more leadership in the faculty at large, meeting more people, developing more
relationships, developing relationships with administrators, and that led to two of
my most important, my most important service as a faculty member, which was
serving on CAPT, which was the committee on appointments, promotions, and
tenure, which has always been considered the senior activity, and I've been on
that for two full terms and I was chair of it, and that put me on a position where I
had to take a tremendous amount of leadership, because we're not just
involved in those decisions, the administration has always dealt with CAPT for
other all college issues. When I took over the chair in my last term, which lasted
ten years, I had to put all the focus back into the theater department and
continue to function as a full faculty member participating in meetings, but most
of my service, in recent years, has been in the theater department. That pretty
much covers it.
JK: So, going back to getting involved in the Skidmore community, over the
years that you've been involved in it since you moved up here, how have you
seen the community develop and change and what kind of trends have you
seen go through it?
LO: Yeah, uh, (laughs) some things have changed for the better, and some for
the worse, and when we talk about change on campus, we're talking about
three different things in my mind: one is changes in the student body, changes in
the faculty, and changes in the administration. Umm... I think our students have
gotten stronger academically over the years, and that's partially because we've
become more selective, partially because I think Skidmore has improved over
the years in its offerings and its commitment to education. So, I think there is
strength there in students because 40 years ago, 30 years ago, I found our
students far more independent and uhh- independent meaning largely
independent of the will of their parents, and there was no such phenomenon as
helicopter parents, today I'm dealing with students who seem incapable or
unwilling to make a decision without calling home almost every day, if not every
day. Those two things, there's a tension there, remarkable change. And I've seen
it in the theater too, that um, there was a period, 20 years ago, 15 years ago
where rarely would I pick up the New York Times and not see something that
one of our students was doing. Now in the past 5 years, that's fallen off a bit, our
students are going out and forming their own theater companies, more than
they have in the last 10 years. Again, that has to do in part with independence,
and taking control of your own life. In the faculty, the, there was a greater sense
of independence and strength in the faculty, 40 years ago, 30 years ago than

�there is now. There was always a tension between the will of the faculty and the
goals of the administration. Now we all were pulling for Skidmore to be the best
possible place, but that meant different things in different times to different, to
the faculty and the administration. And I felt that there was much more
independent thinking on the part of faculty years ago, now it seems that young
faculty straight out of PhD programs are concerned primarily with getting
tenure, obviously always an issue, but it seems to be the foremost though upon
getting here, "what do I have to do to get tenure in six years, seven years", and
there's a tendency, in part because of that, to be less confrontational with the
administration, to stand up for things, principles when there's disagreement with
the administration. So, I think the faculty in general have gotten more sheepish,
more willing to deal with the administration as, as, as, as parents, and taking less
responsibility for leadership. And in the part of administration over the years,
what I've seen, and this is not unusual, it's every college, is what's typically called
administrative bloat, where the size of the faculty has only in recent years grown
in considerable ways, but nothing compared with the explosion in the size of the
administration. Things that were done by two or three people, 30 years ago,
now are done by 8 people. Everybody's got an assistant. The work has not... in
some areas the work has grown, computers, library, external forces like the
demands for assessment have required us to expand administration in various
ways, but in general, it just, and as a result of that in part is ore turnover than
there ever used to be, 30 years ago 40 years ago, if I needed to borrow a truck
from the campus, I'd call up a friend who ran the motor pool, or whatever we
called it then, the physical plant, I'd say "Jerry, I need a truck for the weekend,
any problems?" "No, pick it up whenever you want!". Now, first of all, now the
policy has ended. A few years ago, I would have had to go through a ridiculous
amount of rigmarole, now some of that's external, insurance, stuff like that, but,
you used to pick up a phone, call somebody and get the person on the phone,
not an answering machine, a person who you knew by their first name, and you
helped one another. Now, the phone won't be answered, you'll get a machine
more often than not, you're calling a person to deal with a problem and you
don't know who that person is because they've replaced the last two people
since you knew the person, so it's become a less personable place to be, and I
have regrets for that, it used to be much more, it used to be much smaller and
more of a family, and I miss that. That seems to be at odds with that I was saying
about my connection to the community, to the college community, but I was
differentiating between you know my job as a professor as opposed to my life in
the community and you know, you just knew everybody, and yeah we talked
about secretaries then, not administrative assistants, but you knew most of them,
and they spent many years here, their families grew up here, they had relatives
in the area, they retired here, and those days are long gone, and this is part of
society, we've become more mobile, so we move around a lot more, we
change jobs a lot more than people used to. But the result of that is, there's a
breakdown in community.

�JK: And on that note, do you think the general identity throughout Skidmore and
its community has shifted over the years or changed in any way since when you
first got here?
LO: Yeah, again, both good and bad, I think we've become more socially
conscious, as has higher education in general, and that's a good thing, but I feel
less connected with students, and maybe that's partially because of age, I feel
less connected than I used to. As far as the Saratoga community goes, it's
grown, but not outrageously. What's changed more than anything else in the
demographics is the influx of ummm people who've- this always was something
of a bedroom community for Albany, so you had a lot of people whose lives
were in Albany but wanted to live further away. About 30 years ago, these
multimillion dollar housing developments started popping up around, we started
getting people who spent half their week in New York City and half the week up
here, so 30 years ago, I'd go out to a restaurant, and we eat out a lot, and I'd
know everybody, inconceivable not to see people, know the waiters well, know
the owners well, well there's turn over in business too, and, but what's astounding
is I go to restaurants now and it's not that often I know people there, who are
dining there, that, that affects me, it's changed things, even people on the
street, don't see people on the street as often, people that I know as often when
I'm walking downtown. And then the most recent phenomenon in town is all of
the condos that have gone up, multimillion dollar condos, you know, a twobedroom condo for 1.5 million in Saratoga Springs, just who are these people?
Um. So, the community has changed primarily I think because of that, uh
thankfully downtown has maintained its identity, and that's a terribly important
part of downtown. Summers in Saratoga have always been bizarre, because of
the track, because of SPAC, for the past 18 years Saratoga Shakespeare has
had its effect in town, the balletamens who come up here, the Touts from New
York who come to vacation, who spend their lives at Aquaduct and Belmont
and come up here for a week or two in the summer, the owners, unlike you
know other tracks, the owners come up here for the season, we have the track
hands, who are largely Hispanic, who have their lives in the community, we
have the Hassidic Jews who come up here in the summer still on war reparations
from Germany, its bizarre!

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&#13;
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Justin Tavarez&#13;
Rebecca Gilligan&#13;
Jessica Taffet&#13;
Sara Gross&#13;
Nate Steward&#13;
Doug Hamilton&#13;
Addy Shreffler&#13;
Roz Rothwell&#13;
David Schlenker&#13;
Roz Rothwell&#13;
Madison Lehrhaupt&#13;
Jake Dissin&#13;
Emily Paul&#13;
Adam Smith-Perez&#13;
Ashley Copperstone&#13;
Meghan Leishman&#13;
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                    <text>Mapping
a City
1915:
Incorporating a City
Early 20th century Saratoga
Springs faced a decline in its
popularity as a resort and
conference destination. Seeking
to reinvent its image and assert
its place as an upstate New
York hub, town leaders started
several projects, working with
state officials, to conserve the
mineral springs and bring the
visitors back.
A defining moment for the
town’s revitalization came with
its incorporation as a city in
1915, which capped a period of
municipal conservation efforts
and a new era of mapping and
zoning. 100 years since the city
charter was signed, this exhibit
tells the city’s origins and
growth through its maps.

Map Stories of
Saratoga Springs
Maps chart the tale of Saratoga
Springs' settlement, establishment as a separate district
within the town of Saratoga in
1819, erection as an independent village in 1826, and receipt
of a city charter from New
York State in 1915.
Maps also reveal what mattered
to visitors and residents: parks
and parking, routes and roads,
attractions and business, land
and buildings, planning and
development, what worked and
what should change..

250 Years of
Saratoga Springs
History

Saratoga Springs History Museum
1 E Congress St
Saratoga Springs, New York 12866
www.saratogahistory.org
Exhibit Website:
http:://ssmp.skidmore.edu/

Centennial Anniversary
of the City of Saratoga
Springs

�2
1

Timeline

The Past Through Maps
The citizens of Saratoga Springs, N.Y.,
might think of making a map in order to
influence policy (Figure 1) or of consulting
one to plan a trip or to showcase in homes,
schools and libraries (Figure 2). But maps
also reveal a lot about the communities that
made them--their ideas and values, their
way of seeing the world, their hopes and
dreams. In other words, maps tell stories.
Accessible by Native American trails as
early as the 17th century, the springs of
Saratoga and the settlement that grew
around them began to find their way onto
many kinds of maps--official surveys, city

plans, tourist guides, and real estate brochures with late-18th c. European settlement.
Small-scale and large scale, businesslike or
humorous, black &amp; white or color, these
historical maps provide details or data
about the city's past.
Maps takes us through Saratoga Springs'
history from its origins as a crossroads
between Canada, New York and New
England and a draw for the healing power
of its mineral waters to its present day as a
lively spot for meetings, nightlife, and
recreation.

1777 Battle of Saratoga
1789 Gideon Putnam arrived in
Saratoga Springs
1791 Saratoga County established
1803 Putnam’s Boarding House
built
1819 Saratoga Springs becomes a
district, town of Saratoga
1824 United States Hotel opens
1826 Saratoga Springs Village
Charter
1833 First steam locomotive to
Saratoga Springs
1863 Racetrack opens
1893 Convention Hall opens
1911 Racetrack closes for two
seasons
1913 Village Park – later
Congress Park – opens
1915 City Charter adopted by NY
State Legislature
1918 Saratoga County Chamber
of Commerce forms
1923 First zoning map
1951 Saratoga Springs casinos
closed
1963 Northway (I-87) opens
1966 Saratoga Performing Arts
Center opens
1984 City Center opens
2004 Saratoga Gaming &amp;
Raceway opens
2015 Centennial of City Charter

�</text>
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                    <text>	&#13;  
	&#13;  

	&#13;  

Visit	&#13;  the	&#13;  Exhibit’s	&#13;  Website	&#13;  
To	&#13;  find	&#13;  out	&#13;  more	&#13;  information	&#13;  about	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs’	&#13;  maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  
history,	&#13;  or	&#13;  to	&#13;  take	&#13;  a	&#13;  closer	&#13;  look	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  objects	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  exhibit,	&#13;  
please	&#13;  visit	&#13;  us	&#13;  at:	&#13;  

http://ssmp.skidmore.edu/exhibits/show/mappingsaratoga	&#13;  

Many	&#13;  Thanks	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  curatorial	&#13;  team	&#13;  worked	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  Spring	&#13;  T eam:	&#13;  Deirdre	&#13;  Schiff	&#13;  ’15,	&#13;  
Eiko	&#13;  Franklin	&#13;  ‘16,	&#13;  Erik	&#13;  Morrison	&#13;  ‘15,	&#13;  Giulia	&#13;  Morrone	&#13;  ‘15,	&#13;  Elana	&#13;  Scaglia	&#13;  
‘15,	&#13;  Emily	&#13;  Sloan	&#13;  ’15,	&#13;  and	&#13;  Allie	&#13;  Smith	&#13;  ’15	&#13;  	&#13;  to	&#13;  convert	&#13;  ideas	&#13;  to	&#13;  exhibition.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
Contributors	&#13;  and	&#13;  Brain	&#13;  Trust:	&#13;  It	&#13;  takes	&#13;  a	&#13;  village	&#13;  to	&#13;  mount	&#13;  this	&#13;  kind	&#13;  of	&#13;  
show.	&#13;  	&#13;  We	&#13;  relied	&#13;  on	&#13;  many	&#13;  area	&#13;  experts,	&#13;  including	&#13;  Lauren	&#13;  Roberts,	&#13;  Alex	&#13;  
Chaucer,	&#13;  Bob	&#13;  Jones,	&#13;  Beth	&#13;  Dupont,	&#13;  Lauren	&#13;  Shapiro	&#13;  ’15,	&#13;  Mark	&#13;  Olson,	&#13;  
Martin	&#13;  Brückner,	&#13;  Field	&#13;  Horne,	&#13;  Matt	&#13;  Veitch,	&#13;  Harvey	&#13;  and	&#13;  Cassie	&#13;  Fox,	&#13;  
Donald	&#13;  Carpenter,	&#13;  the	&#13;  
Corporation	&#13;  of	&#13;  Yaddo,	&#13;  Michael	&#13;  
McCabe,	&#13;  the	&#13;  Alfred	&#13;  Z.	&#13;  Solomon	&#13;  
Charitable	&#13;  Trust,	&#13;  JIMAPCO,	&#13;  and	&#13;  
many	&#13;  more.	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  History	&#13;  Museum	&#13;  
1	&#13;  E	&#13;  Congress	&#13;  St	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs,	&#13;  N Y	&#13;  12866	&#13;  
	&#13;   saratogahistory.org	&#13;  

Surveyors’	&#13;  Tools	&#13;  
	&#13;  

Mapping	&#13;  A	&#13;  City	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Seen	&#13;  Through	&#13;  	&#13;  
250	&#13;  Years	&#13;  of	&#13;  Maps	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  April-­‐December	&#13;  2015	&#13;  

�	&#13;  

About	&#13;  the	&#13;  Project	&#13;  

A	&#13;  Brief	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Timeline	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  Foundation:	&#13;  From	&#13;  Town	&#13;  To	&#13;  Village	&#13;  	&#13;  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

1777	&#13;  Battle	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  	&#13;  
1789	&#13;  Gideon	&#13;  Putnam	&#13;  arrives	&#13;  in	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
1791	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  County	&#13;  established	&#13;  
1803	&#13;  Putnam’s	&#13;  Boarding	&#13;  House	&#13;  built	&#13;  
1819	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  becomes	&#13;  a	&#13;  district	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
town	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  
1824	&#13;  United	&#13;  States	&#13;  Hotel	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1826	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Village	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  
1833	&#13;  First	&#13;  steam	&#13;  locomotive	&#13;  to	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
1863	&#13;  Racetrack	&#13;  opens	&#13;  	&#13;  
1893	&#13;  Convention	&#13;  Hall	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1911	&#13;  Racetrack	&#13;  closes	&#13;  for	&#13;  two	&#13;  seasons	&#13;  
1913	&#13;  Village	&#13;  P ark	&#13;  –	&#13;  later	&#13;  Congress	&#13;  Park	&#13;  –	&#13;  opens	&#13;  

A	&#13;  City	&#13;  Rises	&#13;  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
	&#13;  

1915	&#13;  City	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  adopted	&#13;  by	&#13;  NY	&#13;  State	&#13;  Legislature	&#13;  
	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  Trolley	&#13;  station	&#13;  (now	&#13;  Visitors	&#13;  Center)	&#13;  open	&#13;  	&#13;  
1918	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  County	&#13;  Chamber	&#13;  of	&#13;  Commerce	&#13;  forms	&#13;  
1923	&#13;  First	&#13;  zoning	&#13;  map	&#13;  adopted	&#13;  by	&#13;  the	&#13;  City	&#13;  Council	&#13;  
1941	&#13;  Trolley	&#13;  station	&#13;  becomes	&#13;  state	&#13;  park	&#13;  drink	&#13;  hall	&#13;  
1951	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  casinos	&#13;  close	&#13;  
1963	&#13;  Northway	&#13;  (I-­‐87)	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1966	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Performing	&#13;  Arts	&#13;  Center	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1984	&#13;  City	&#13;  Center	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
2004	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Gaming	&#13;  &amp;	&#13;  Raceway	&#13;  begins	&#13;  
2015	&#13;  Centennial	&#13;  of	&#13;  City	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  

To	&#13;  celebrate	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs'	&#13;  centennial	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  city,	&#13;  the	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  
Springs	&#13;  History	&#13;  M useum	&#13;  presents	&#13;  this	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  that	&#13;  tells	&#13;  the	&#13;  story	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  
city	&#13;  through	&#13;  historical	&#13;  maps.	&#13;  This	&#13;  exhibition	&#13;  is	&#13;  the	&#13;  fruit	&#13;  of	&#13;  two	&#13;  years	&#13;  of	&#13;  
collaboration	&#13;  between	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  and	&#13;  the	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  History	&#13;  
Museum,	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Public	&#13;  Library	&#13;  (Saratoga	&#13;  Room),	&#13;  City	&#13;  
Historian,	&#13;  and	&#13;  County	&#13;  Historian.	&#13;  Thanks	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  many	&#13;  Saratogians	&#13;  and	&#13;  
Skidmore	&#13;  community	&#13;  members	&#13;  who	&#13;  helped	&#13;  bring	&#13;  it	&#13;  together,	&#13;  
transforming	&#13;  an	&#13;  idea	&#13;  to	&#13;  class	&#13;  project	&#13;  to	&#13;  exhibition.	&#13;  

First	&#13;  Steps	&#13;  
A	&#13;  committee	&#13;  led	&#13;  by	&#13;  Teri	&#13;  Blasko	&#13;  (Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Public	&#13;  Library).	&#13;  
Jordana	&#13;  Dym	&#13;  (Skidmore),	&#13;  Mary-­‐Ann	&#13;  Fitzgerald	&#13;  (City	&#13;  Historian),	&#13;  Jamie	&#13;  
Parillo	&#13;  (SS	&#13;  History	&#13;  Museum),	&#13;  and	&#13;  Rachel	&#13;  Seligman	&#13;  (Skidmore)	&#13;  identified	&#13;  
materials	&#13;  at	&#13;  their	&#13;  institutions,	&#13;  the	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  County	&#13;  archives,	&#13;  Duke	&#13;  
University's	&#13;  Rubenstein	&#13;  Library	&#13;  and	&#13;  Library	&#13;  of	&#13;  Congress,	&#13;  and	&#13;  
brainstormed	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  goals.	&#13;  In	&#13;  summer	&#13;  2014,	&#13;  Deirdre	&#13;  Schiff,	&#13;  '15,	&#13;  and	&#13;  Allie	&#13;  
Smith,	&#13;  '15,	&#13;  joined	&#13;  the	&#13;  team	&#13;  with	&#13;  a	&#13;  summer	&#13;  collaborative	&#13;  research	&#13;  g rant.	&#13;  
Duke	&#13;  University’s	&#13;  Mark	&#13;  Olson	&#13;  led	&#13;  a	&#13;  workshop	&#13;  on	&#13;  Omeka,	&#13;  the	&#13;  platform	&#13;  
used	&#13;  for	&#13;  Skidmore-­‐Saratoga	&#13;  Memory	&#13;  Project	&#13;  exhibits,	&#13;  including	&#13;  this	&#13;  one.	&#13;  

It	&#13;  Takes	&#13;  a	&#13;  Class	&#13;  
In	&#13;  Fall	&#13;  2014,	&#13;  Dym’s	&#13;  Mapping	&#13;  the	&#13;  Americas	&#13;  class	&#13;  (pictured	&#13;  below),	&#13;  
worked	&#13;  with	&#13;  selected	&#13;  materials,	&#13;  researched,	&#13;  learned	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
history,	&#13;  and	&#13;  prepared	&#13;  the	&#13;  story.	&#13;  In	&#13;  Spring	&#13;  2015,	&#13;  more	&#13;  than	&#13;  half	&#13;  the	&#13;  class	&#13;  
continued	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  project,	&#13;  developing	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  materials,	&#13;  conducting	&#13;  
research,	&#13;  and	&#13;  contributing	&#13;  to	&#13;  labels	&#13;  and	&#13;  activity	&#13;  planning.	&#13;  

Back	&#13;  row:	&#13;  John	&#13;  Kolios,	&#13;  Maggie	&#13;  Clark,	&#13;  David	&#13;  Florence,	&#13;  Brandyn	&#13;  Solano,	&#13;  Giulia	&#13;  Morrone,	&#13;  Dierdre	&#13;  Schiff,	&#13;  
Hannah	&#13;  Smith,	&#13;  Sam	&#13;  Kogan	&#13;  ,	&#13;  E rik	&#13;  Morrison.	&#13;  Front	&#13;  row:	&#13;  Elana	&#13;  Scaglia,	&#13;  Emily	&#13;  S loan,	&#13;  Allie	&#13;  Smith,	&#13;  Eiko	&#13;  Franklin.	&#13;  	&#13;  

�	&#13;  

A	&#13;  City	&#13;  and	&#13;  its	&#13;  Mapmakers	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  became	&#13;  a	&#13;  city	&#13;  at	&#13;  a	&#13;  time	&#13;  when	&#13;  reinvent-­‐
tion	&#13;  and	&#13;  renewal	&#13;  were	&#13;  on	&#13;  state	&#13;  and	&#13;  local	&#13;  leaders’	&#13;  minds.	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  1915	&#13;  State	&#13;  Reservation	&#13;  Commission	&#13;  report	&#13;  mapped	&#13;  
out	&#13;  plans	&#13;  to	&#13;  preserve	&#13;  and	&#13;  revive	&#13;  use	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  town’s	&#13;  mineral	&#13;  
springs,	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  new,	&#13;  modern	&#13;  resort	&#13;  in	&#13;  what	&#13;  is	&#13;  now	&#13;  the	&#13;  Sara-­‐
toga	&#13;  Spa	&#13;  State	&#13;  Park.	&#13;  	&#13;  The	&#13;  City	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  reconfirmed	&#13;  the	&#13;  
territory	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  and	&#13;  its	&#13;  “corporation	&#13;  line.”	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  Spirit	&#13;  of	&#13;  Life	&#13;  celebrated	&#13;  the	&#13;  contributions	&#13;  of	&#13;  Spencer	&#13;  
Trask	&#13;  and	&#13;  marked	&#13;  the	&#13;  newly	&#13;  public	&#13;  space	&#13;  of	&#13;  Congress	&#13;  Park.	&#13;  

Over	&#13;  its	&#13;  history,	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  has	&#13;  produced	&#13;  many	&#13;  
maps	&#13;  that	&#13;  tell	&#13;  the	&#13;  community’s	&#13;  story.	&#13;  	&#13;  Two	&#13;  generations	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Motts,	&#13;  father	&#13;  Jesse	&#13;  S.	&#13;  and	&#13;  son	&#13;  Samuel	&#13;  J.,	&#13;  served	&#13;  as	&#13;  village	&#13;  
and	&#13;  city	&#13;  engineers	&#13;  (1894	&#13;  –	&#13;  1942),	&#13;  mapping	&#13;  infrastructure,	&#13;  
plans	&#13;  for	&#13;  the	&#13;  future	&#13;  and	&#13;  property	&#13;  maps.	&#13;  	&#13;  The	&#13;  plans	&#13;  and	&#13;  
maps	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Lester	&#13;  Brothers	&#13;  real	&#13;  estate	&#13;  firm	&#13;  (1860s-­‐1930s)	&#13;  
plot	&#13;  development.	&#13;  Charles	&#13;  F.	&#13;  Dowd	&#13;  (whose	&#13;  daughter	&#13;  
married	&#13;  into	&#13;  the	&#13;  Lester	&#13;  family)	&#13;  was	&#13;  an	&#13;  owner	&#13;  and	&#13;  professor	&#13;  
at	&#13;  the	&#13;  Temple	&#13;  Grove	&#13;  Seminary;	&#13;  he	&#13;  is	&#13;  perhaps	&#13;  best	&#13;  known	&#13;  
for	&#13;  proposing	&#13;  standardized	&#13;  time	&#13;  zones,	&#13;  creating	&#13;  maps	&#13;  from	&#13;  
the	&#13;  1860s.	&#13;  	&#13;  More	&#13;  recently,	&#13;  civic	&#13;  organizations	&#13;  like	&#13;  the	&#13;  Lions	&#13;  
	&#13;   Club	&#13;  and	&#13;  Chamber	&#13;  of	&#13;  Commerce	&#13;  produce	&#13;  city	&#13;  maps.	&#13;  

A	&#13;  Word	&#13;  About	&#13;  the	&#13;  Space	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  began	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  settlement	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  town	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  in	&#13;  land	&#13;  originally	&#13;  part	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Kayaderosseras	&#13;  
Patent.	&#13;  In	&#13;  1819,	&#13;  an	&#13;  act	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  New	&#13;  York	&#13;  State	&#13;  Legislature	&#13;  
officially	&#13;  divided	&#13;  the	&#13;  town	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga,	&#13;  adding	&#13;  the	&#13;  town	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  within	&#13;  it.	&#13;  The	&#13;  new	&#13;  township	&#13;  received	&#13;  
about	&#13;  half	&#13;  the	&#13;  land	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  original	&#13;  municipality,	&#13;  located	&#13;  on	&#13;  
the	&#13;  west	&#13;  side	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Kayaderosseras	&#13;  and	&#13;  Fish	&#13;  Creeks.	&#13;  
Within	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  two	&#13;  distinct	&#13;  “districts”	&#13;  
created	&#13;  by	&#13;  an	&#13;  1826	&#13;  act	&#13;  that	&#13;  incorporated	&#13;  the	&#13;  village.	&#13;  	&#13;  

Saratoga	&#13;  Springs’	&#13;  territory	&#13;  today	&#13;  remains	&#13;  largely	&#13;  the	&#13;  same	&#13;  
as	&#13;  that	&#13;  described	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  1819	&#13;  act.	&#13;  The	&#13;  1915	&#13;  city	&#13;  
incorporation	&#13;  act	&#13;  confirmed	&#13;  that	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  retained	&#13;  the	&#13;  
town’s	&#13;  “present	&#13;  boundaries,”	&#13;  making	&#13;  government	&#13;  and	&#13;  
administration	&#13;  “coextensive	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  territory	&#13;  above	&#13;  
described”—in	&#13;  other	&#13;  words,	&#13;  the	&#13;  same. 	&#13;  

�	&#13;  
	&#13;  

Maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  Civic	&#13;  Life	&#13;  

Maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  Urban	&#13;  Development	&#13;  

Streets,	&#13;  buildings,	&#13;  and	&#13;  land	&#13;  divisions	&#13;  may	&#13;  be	&#13;  the	&#13;  most	&#13;  obvious	&#13;  
features	&#13;  on	&#13;  a	&#13;  map,	&#13;  but	&#13;  each	&#13;  of	&#13;  these	&#13;  physical	&#13;  elements	&#13;  
reflects	&#13;  how	&#13;  a	&#13;  community	&#13;  creates	&#13;  and	&#13;  uses	&#13;  its	&#13;  public	&#13;  and	&#13;  
private	&#13;  spaces.	&#13;  Maps	&#13;  help	&#13;  us	&#13;  understand	&#13;  what	&#13;  matters	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  
people	&#13;  who	&#13;  live,	&#13;  work,	&#13;  and	&#13;  play	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  town	&#13;  or	&#13;  city.	&#13;  The	&#13;  maps	&#13;  
displayed	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  and	&#13;  online	&#13;  give	&#13;  a	&#13;  taste	&#13;  of	&#13;  some	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  
most	&#13;  enduring	&#13;  features	&#13;  of	&#13;  civic	&#13;  life	&#13;  –	&#13;  including	&#13;  schools	&#13;  and	&#13;  
voting	&#13;  districts,	&#13;  parades,	&#13;  and	&#13;  parks.	&#13;  

A	&#13;  walk	&#13;  through	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  today	&#13;  reveals	&#13;  glamorous	&#13;  
buildings	&#13;  of	&#13;  distinct	&#13;  styles	&#13;  that	&#13;  range	&#13;  from	&#13;  simple	&#13;  red	&#13;  brick	&#13;  
facades	&#13;  to	&#13;  decadent	&#13;  Victorian	&#13;  mansions	&#13;  and	&#13;  even	&#13;  southern	&#13;  
antebellum	&#13;  porches	&#13;  that	&#13;  make	&#13;  you	&#13;  question	&#13;  how	&#13;  a	&#13;  hint	&#13;  of	&#13;  
southern	&#13;  hospitality	&#13;  made	&#13;  it	&#13;  so	&#13;  far	&#13;  north.	&#13;  Fine	&#13;  dining	&#13;  is	&#13;  
everywhere	&#13;  you	&#13;  turn,	&#13;  and	&#13;  a	&#13;  horse	&#13;  will	&#13;  always	&#13;  be	&#13;  displayed	&#13;  to	&#13;  
remind	&#13;  you	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  track.	&#13;  Behind	&#13;  the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  current	&#13;  lively	&#13;  
atmosphere	&#13;  of	&#13;  health,	&#13;  history,	&#13;  and	&#13;  horses	&#13;  lies	&#13;  a	&#13;  complex	&#13;  history	&#13;  
of	&#13;  urban	&#13;  development.	&#13;  Changes	&#13;  in	&#13;  planning	&#13;  maps	&#13;  dating	&#13;  from	&#13;  
the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  earliest	&#13;  years	&#13;  to	&#13;  today	&#13;  reveal	&#13;  how	&#13;  maps	&#13;  since	&#13;  the	&#13;  
1800s	&#13;  have	&#13;  shaped	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  into	&#13;  what	&#13;  it	&#13;  is	&#13;  today.	&#13;  

Maps,	&#13;  Tourism	&#13;  and	&#13;  Travel	&#13;  
Since	&#13;  the	&#13;  1830s,	&#13;  when	&#13;  trains	&#13;  began	&#13;  to	&#13;  deliver	&#13;  summer	&#13;  visitors,	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs’	&#13;  growth	&#13;  and	&#13;  development	&#13;  moved	&#13;  in	&#13;  lock	&#13;  
step	&#13;  with	&#13;  ground	&#13;  transportation.	&#13;  Maps	&#13;  reveal	&#13;  how	&#13;  Broadway	&#13;  
retains	&#13;  its	&#13;  role	&#13;  as	&#13;  the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  spine,	&#13;  despite	&#13;  efforts	&#13;  by	&#13;  developers	&#13;  
to	&#13;  entice	&#13;  visitors	&#13;  away.	&#13;  They	&#13;  also	&#13;  track	&#13;  today’s	&#13;  familiar	&#13;  routes	&#13;  
–	&#13;  9,	&#13;  29	&#13;  and	&#13;  50—from	&#13;  a	&#13;  network	&#13;  of	&#13;  trails,	&#13;  roads	&#13;  and	&#13;  rail	&#13;  tracks.	&#13;  
Dreamers	&#13;  from	&#13;  real	&#13;  estate	&#13;  developers	&#13;  and	&#13;  civic-­‐minded	&#13;  
residents	&#13;  to	&#13;  city	&#13;  planners	&#13;  and	&#13;  college	&#13;  professors	&#13;  map	&#13;  
transportation	&#13;  and	&#13;  tourism	&#13;  to	&#13;  imagine	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  future.	&#13;  

	&#13;  

Tourist,	&#13;  urban	&#13;  development,	&#13;  and	&#13;  transportation	&#13;  maps	&#13;  
provide	&#13;  complementary	&#13;  sides	&#13;  of	&#13;  a	&#13;  story	&#13;  about	&#13;  the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  
plans	&#13;  for	&#13;  growth	&#13;  and	&#13;  adaptation	&#13;  to	&#13;  changing	&#13;  times.	&#13;  

�</text>
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                    <text>	&#13;  
	&#13;  

Visit	&#13;  the	&#13;  Exhibit’s	&#13;  Website	&#13;  

	&#13;  

To	&#13;  find	&#13;  out	&#13;  more	&#13;  information	&#13;  about	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs’	&#13;  maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  
history,	&#13;  or	&#13;  to	&#13;  take	&#13;  a	&#13;  closer	&#13;  look	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  objects	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  exhibit,	&#13;  
please	&#13;  visit	&#13;  us	&#13;  at:	&#13;  

http://ssmp.skidmore.edu/exhibits/show/mappingsaratoga	&#13;  

Many	&#13;  Thanks	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  curatorial	&#13;  team	&#13;  worked	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  Spring	&#13;  T eam:	&#13;  Deirdre	&#13;  Schiff	&#13;  ’15,	&#13;  
Eiko	&#13;  Franklin	&#13;  ‘16,	&#13;  Erik	&#13;  Morrison	&#13;  ‘15,	&#13;  Giulia	&#13;  Morrone	&#13;  ‘15,	&#13;  Elana	&#13;  Scaglia	&#13;  
‘15,	&#13;  Emily	&#13;  Sloan	&#13;  ’15,	&#13;  and	&#13;  Allie	&#13;  Smith	&#13;  ’15	&#13;  	&#13;  to	&#13;  convert	&#13;  ideas	&#13;  to	&#13;  exhibition.	&#13;  
	&#13;  

Contributors	&#13;  and	&#13;  Brain	&#13;  Trust:	&#13;  It	&#13;  takes	&#13;  a	&#13;  village	&#13;  to	&#13;  mount	&#13;  this	&#13;  kind	&#13;  of	&#13;  
show.	&#13;  	&#13;  We	&#13;  relied	&#13;  on	&#13;  many	&#13;  area	&#13;  experts,	&#13;  including	&#13;  Lauren	&#13;  Roberts,	&#13;  Alex	&#13;  
Chaucer,	&#13;  Bob	&#13;  Jones,	&#13;  Beth	&#13;  Dupont,	&#13;  Lauren	&#13;  Shapiro	&#13;  ’15,	&#13;  Mark	&#13;  Olson,	&#13;  
Martin	&#13;  Brückner,	&#13;  Field	&#13;  Horne,	&#13;  Matt	&#13;  Veitch,	&#13;  Harvey	&#13;  and	&#13;  Cassie	&#13;  Fox,	&#13;  
Donald	&#13;  Carpenter,	&#13;  the	&#13;  Corporation	&#13;  of	&#13;  Yaddo,	&#13;  Michael	&#13;  McCabe.	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
Support	&#13;  by	&#13;  The	&#13;  Alfred	&#13;  Z.	&#13;  
Solomon	&#13;  Charitable	&#13;  Trust,	&#13;  and	&#13;  
JIMAPCO	&#13;  made	&#13;  the	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  
possible.	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  History	&#13;  Museum	&#13;  
1	&#13;  E	&#13;  Congress	&#13;  St	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs,	&#13;  N Y	&#13;  12866	&#13;  
	&#13;   saratogahistory.org	&#13;  

Surveyors’	&#13;  Tools	&#13;  
	&#13;  

Mapping	&#13;  A	&#13;  City	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Seen	&#13;  Through	&#13;  	&#13;  
250	&#13;  Years	&#13;  of	&#13;  Maps	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  April-­‐December	&#13;  2015	&#13;  

�	&#13;  

About	&#13;  the	&#13;  Project	&#13;  

A	&#13;  Brief	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Timeline	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  Foundation:	&#13;  From	&#13;  Town	&#13;  To	&#13;  Village	&#13;  	&#13;  
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•
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1777	&#13;  Battle	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  	&#13;  
1789	&#13;  Gideon	&#13;  Putnam	&#13;  arrives	&#13;  in	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
1791	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  County	&#13;  established	&#13;  
1803	&#13;  Putnam’s	&#13;  Boarding	&#13;  House	&#13;  built	&#13;  
1819	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  becomes	&#13;  a	&#13;  district	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
town	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  
1824	&#13;  United	&#13;  States	&#13;  Hotel	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1826	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Village	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  
1833	&#13;  First	&#13;  steam	&#13;  locomotive	&#13;  to	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
1863	&#13;  Racetrack	&#13;  opens	&#13;  	&#13;  
1893	&#13;  Convention	&#13;  Hall	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1911	&#13;  Racetrack	&#13;  closes	&#13;  for	&#13;  two	&#13;  seasons	&#13;  
1913	&#13;  Village	&#13;  P ark	&#13;  –	&#13;  later	&#13;  Congress	&#13;  Park	&#13;  –	&#13;  opens	&#13;  

A	&#13;  City	&#13;  Rises	&#13;  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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	&#13;  

1915	&#13;  City	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  adopted	&#13;  by	&#13;  NY	&#13;  State	&#13;  Legislature	&#13;  
	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  Trolley	&#13;  station	&#13;  (now	&#13;  Visitors	&#13;  Center)	&#13;  open	&#13;  	&#13;  
1918	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  County	&#13;  Chamber	&#13;  of	&#13;  Commerce	&#13;  forms	&#13;  
1923	&#13;  First	&#13;  zoning	&#13;  map	&#13;  adopted	&#13;  by	&#13;  the	&#13;  City	&#13;  Council	&#13;  
1941	&#13;  Trolley	&#13;  station	&#13;  becomes	&#13;  state	&#13;  park	&#13;  drink	&#13;  hall	&#13;  
1951	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  casinos	&#13;  close	&#13;  
1963	&#13;  Northway	&#13;  (I-­‐87)	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1966	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Performing	&#13;  Arts	&#13;  Center	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1984	&#13;  City	&#13;  Center	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
2004	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Gaming	&#13;  &amp;	&#13;  Raceway	&#13;  begins	&#13;  
2015	&#13;  Centennial	&#13;  of	&#13;  City	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  

To	&#13;  celebrate	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs'	&#13;  centennial	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  city,	&#13;  the	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  
Springs	&#13;  History	&#13;  M useum	&#13;  presents	&#13;  this	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  that	&#13;  tells	&#13;  the	&#13;  story	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  
city	&#13;  through	&#13;  historical	&#13;  maps.	&#13;  This	&#13;  exhibition	&#13;  is	&#13;  the	&#13;  fruit	&#13;  of	&#13;  two	&#13;  years	&#13;  of	&#13;  
collaboration	&#13;  between	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  and	&#13;  the	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  History	&#13;  
Museum,	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Public	&#13;  Library	&#13;  (Saratoga	&#13;  Room),	&#13;  City	&#13;  
Historian,	&#13;  and	&#13;  County	&#13;  Historian.	&#13;  Thanks	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  many	&#13;  Saratogians	&#13;  and	&#13;  
Skidmore	&#13;  community	&#13;  members	&#13;  who	&#13;  helped	&#13;  bring	&#13;  it	&#13;  together,	&#13;  
transforming	&#13;  an	&#13;  idea	&#13;  to	&#13;  class	&#13;  project	&#13;  to	&#13;  exhibition.	&#13;  

First	&#13;  Steps	&#13;  
A	&#13;  committee	&#13;  led	&#13;  by	&#13;  Teri	&#13;  Blasko	&#13;  (Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Public	&#13;  Library).	&#13;  
Jordana	&#13;  Dym	&#13;  (Skidmore),	&#13;  Mary-­‐Ann	&#13;  Fitzgerald	&#13;  (City	&#13;  Historian),	&#13;  Jamie	&#13;  
Parillo	&#13;  (SS	&#13;  History	&#13;  Museum),	&#13;  and	&#13;  Rachel	&#13;  Seligman	&#13;  (Skidmore)	&#13;  identified	&#13;  
materials	&#13;  at	&#13;  their	&#13;  institutions,	&#13;  the	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  County	&#13;  archives,	&#13;  Duke	&#13;  
University's	&#13;  Rubenstein	&#13;  Library	&#13;  and	&#13;  Library	&#13;  of	&#13;  Congress,	&#13;  and	&#13;  
brainstormed	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  goals.	&#13;  In	&#13;  summer	&#13;  2014,	&#13;  Deirdre	&#13;  Schiff,	&#13;  '15,	&#13;  and	&#13;  Allie	&#13;  
Smith,	&#13;  '15,	&#13;  joined	&#13;  the	&#13;  team	&#13;  with	&#13;  a	&#13;  summer	&#13;  collaborative	&#13;  research	&#13;  g rant.	&#13;  
Duke	&#13;  University’s	&#13;  Mark	&#13;  Olson	&#13;  led	&#13;  a	&#13;  workshop	&#13;  on	&#13;  Omeka,	&#13;  the	&#13;  platform	&#13;  
used	&#13;  for	&#13;  Skidmore-­‐Saratoga	&#13;  M emory	&#13;  Project	&#13;  exhibits,	&#13;  including	&#13;  this	&#13;  one.	&#13;  

It	&#13;  Takes	&#13;  a	&#13;  Class	&#13;  
In	&#13;  Fall	&#13;  2014,	&#13;  Dym’s	&#13;  Mapping	&#13;  the	&#13;  Americas	&#13;  class	&#13;  (pictured	&#13;  below),	&#13;  
worked	&#13;  with	&#13;  selected	&#13;  materials,	&#13;  researched,	&#13;  learned	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
history,	&#13;  and	&#13;  prepared	&#13;  the	&#13;  story.	&#13;  In	&#13;  Spring	&#13;  2015,	&#13;  more	&#13;  than	&#13;  half	&#13;  the	&#13;  class	&#13;  
continued	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  project,	&#13;  developing	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  materials,	&#13;  conducting	&#13;  
research,	&#13;  and	&#13;  contributing	&#13;  to	&#13;  labels	&#13;  and	&#13;  activity	&#13;  planning.	&#13;  

Back	&#13;  row:	&#13;  John	&#13;  Kolios,	&#13;  Maggie	&#13;  Clark,	&#13;  David	&#13;  Florence,	&#13;  Brandyn	&#13;  Solano,	&#13;  Giulia	&#13;  Morrone,	&#13;  Dierdre	&#13;  Schiff,	&#13;  
Hannah	&#13;  Smith,	&#13;  Sam	&#13;  Kogan	&#13;  ,	&#13;  E rik	&#13;  Morrison.	&#13;  Front	&#13;  row:	&#13;  Elana	&#13;  Scaglia,	&#13;  Emily	&#13;  S loan,	&#13;  Allie	&#13;  Smith,	&#13;  Eiko	&#13;  Franklin.	&#13;  	&#13;  

�	&#13;  

A	&#13;  City	&#13;  and	&#13;  its	&#13;  Mapmakers	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  became	&#13;  a	&#13;  city	&#13;  at	&#13;  a	&#13;  time	&#13;  when	&#13;  reinvent-­‐
tion	&#13;  and	&#13;  renewal	&#13;  were	&#13;  on	&#13;  state	&#13;  and	&#13;  local	&#13;  leaders’	&#13;  minds.	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  1915	&#13;  State	&#13;  Reservation	&#13;  Commission	&#13;  report	&#13;  mapped	&#13;  
out	&#13;  plans	&#13;  to	&#13;  preserve	&#13;  and	&#13;  revive	&#13;  use	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  town’s	&#13;  mineral	&#13;  
springs,	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  new,	&#13;  modern	&#13;  resort	&#13;  in	&#13;  what	&#13;  is	&#13;  now	&#13;  the	&#13;  Sara-­‐
toga	&#13;  Spa	&#13;  State	&#13;  Park.	&#13;  	&#13;  The	&#13;  City	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  reconfirmed	&#13;  the	&#13;  
territory	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  and	&#13;  its	&#13;  “corporation	&#13;  line.”	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  Spirit	&#13;  of	&#13;  Life	&#13;  celebrated	&#13;  the	&#13;  contributions	&#13;  of	&#13;  Spencer	&#13;  
Trask	&#13;  and	&#13;  marked	&#13;  the	&#13;  newly	&#13;  public	&#13;  space	&#13;  of	&#13;  Congress	&#13;  Park.	&#13;  

Over	&#13;  its	&#13;  history,	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  has	&#13;  produced	&#13;  many	&#13;  
maps	&#13;  that	&#13;  tell	&#13;  the	&#13;  community’s	&#13;  story.	&#13;  	&#13;  Two	&#13;  generations	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Motts,	&#13;  father	&#13;  Jesse	&#13;  S.	&#13;  and	&#13;  son	&#13;  Samuel	&#13;  J.,	&#13;  served	&#13;  as	&#13;  village	&#13;  
and	&#13;  city	&#13;  engineers	&#13;  (1894	&#13;  –	&#13;  1942),	&#13;  mapping	&#13;  infrastructure,	&#13;  
plans	&#13;  for	&#13;  the	&#13;  future	&#13;  and	&#13;  property	&#13;  maps.	&#13;  	&#13;  The	&#13;  plans	&#13;  and	&#13;  
maps	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Lester	&#13;  Brothers	&#13;  real	&#13;  estate	&#13;  firm	&#13;  (1860s-­‐1930s)	&#13;  
plot	&#13;  development.	&#13;  Charles	&#13;  F.	&#13;  Dowd	&#13;  (whose	&#13;  daughter	&#13;  
married	&#13;  into	&#13;  the	&#13;  Lester	&#13;  family)	&#13;  was	&#13;  an	&#13;  owner	&#13;  and	&#13;  professor	&#13;  
at	&#13;  the	&#13;  Temple	&#13;  Grove	&#13;  Seminary;	&#13;  he	&#13;  is	&#13;  perhaps	&#13;  best	&#13;  known	&#13;  
for	&#13;  proposing	&#13;  standardized	&#13;  time	&#13;  zones,	&#13;  creating	&#13;  maps	&#13;  from	&#13;  
the	&#13;  1860s.	&#13;  	&#13;  More	&#13;  recently,	&#13;  civic	&#13;  organizations	&#13;  like	&#13;  the	&#13;  Lions	&#13;  
	&#13;   Club	&#13;  and	&#13;  Chamber	&#13;  of	&#13;  Commerce	&#13;  produce	&#13;  city	&#13;  maps.	&#13;  

A	&#13;  Word	&#13;  About	&#13;  the	&#13;  Space	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  began	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  settlement	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  town	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  in	&#13;  land	&#13;  originally	&#13;  part	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Kayaderosseras	&#13;  
Patent.	&#13;  In	&#13;  1819,	&#13;  an	&#13;  act	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  New	&#13;  York	&#13;  State	&#13;  Legislature	&#13;  
officially	&#13;  divided	&#13;  the	&#13;  town	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga,	&#13;  adding	&#13;  the	&#13;  town	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  within	&#13;  it.	&#13;  The	&#13;  new	&#13;  township	&#13;  received	&#13;  
about	&#13;  half	&#13;  the	&#13;  land	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  original	&#13;  municipality,	&#13;  located	&#13;  on	&#13;  
the	&#13;  west	&#13;  side	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Kayaderosseras	&#13;  and	&#13;  Fish	&#13;  Creeks.	&#13;  
Within	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  two	&#13;  distinct	&#13;  “districts”	&#13;  
created	&#13;  by	&#13;  an	&#13;  1826	&#13;  act	&#13;  that	&#13;  incorporated	&#13;  the	&#13;  village.	&#13;  	&#13;  

Saratoga	&#13;  Springs’	&#13;  territory	&#13;  today	&#13;  remains	&#13;  largely	&#13;  the	&#13;  same	&#13;  
as	&#13;  that	&#13;  described	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  1819	&#13;  act.	&#13;  The	&#13;  1915	&#13;  city	&#13;  
incorporation	&#13;  act	&#13;  confirmed	&#13;  that	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  retained	&#13;  the	&#13;  
town’s	&#13;  “present	&#13;  boundaries,”	&#13;  making	&#13;  government	&#13;  and	&#13;  
administration	&#13;  “coextensive	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  territory	&#13;  above	&#13;  
described”—in	&#13;  other	&#13;  words,	&#13;  the	&#13;  same. 	&#13;  

�	&#13;  
	&#13;  

Maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  Civic	&#13;  Life	&#13;  

Maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  Urban	&#13;  Development	&#13;  

Streets,	&#13;  buildings,	&#13;  and	&#13;  land	&#13;  divisions	&#13;  may	&#13;  be	&#13;  the	&#13;  most	&#13;  obvious	&#13;  
features	&#13;  on	&#13;  a	&#13;  map,	&#13;  but	&#13;  each	&#13;  of	&#13;  these	&#13;  physical	&#13;  elements	&#13;  
reflects	&#13;  how	&#13;  a	&#13;  community	&#13;  creates	&#13;  and	&#13;  uses	&#13;  its	&#13;  public	&#13;  and	&#13;  
private	&#13;  spaces.	&#13;  Maps	&#13;  help	&#13;  us	&#13;  understand	&#13;  what	&#13;  matters	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  
people	&#13;  who	&#13;  live,	&#13;  work,	&#13;  and	&#13;  play	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  town	&#13;  or	&#13;  city.	&#13;  The	&#13;  maps	&#13;  
displayed	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  and	&#13;  online	&#13;  give	&#13;  a	&#13;  taste	&#13;  of	&#13;  some	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  
most	&#13;  enduring	&#13;  features	&#13;  of	&#13;  civic	&#13;  life	&#13;  –	&#13;  including	&#13;  schools	&#13;  and	&#13;  
voting	&#13;  districts,	&#13;  parades,	&#13;  and	&#13;  parks.	&#13;  

A	&#13;  walk	&#13;  through	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  today	&#13;  reveals	&#13;  glamorous	&#13;  
buildings	&#13;  of	&#13;  distinct	&#13;  styles	&#13;  that	&#13;  range	&#13;  from	&#13;  simple	&#13;  red	&#13;  brick	&#13;  
facades	&#13;  to	&#13;  decadent	&#13;  Victorian	&#13;  mansions	&#13;  and	&#13;  even	&#13;  southern	&#13;  
antebellum	&#13;  porches	&#13;  that	&#13;  make	&#13;  you	&#13;  question	&#13;  how	&#13;  a	&#13;  hint	&#13;  of	&#13;  
southern	&#13;  hospitality	&#13;  made	&#13;  it	&#13;  so	&#13;  far	&#13;  north.	&#13;  Fine	&#13;  dining	&#13;  is	&#13;  
everywhere	&#13;  you	&#13;  turn,	&#13;  and	&#13;  a	&#13;  horse	&#13;  will	&#13;  always	&#13;  be	&#13;  displayed	&#13;  to	&#13;  
remind	&#13;  you	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  track.	&#13;  Behind	&#13;  the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  current	&#13;  lively	&#13;  
atmosphere	&#13;  of	&#13;  health,	&#13;  history,	&#13;  and	&#13;  horses	&#13;  lies	&#13;  a	&#13;  complex	&#13;  history	&#13;  
of	&#13;  urban	&#13;  development.	&#13;  Changes	&#13;  in	&#13;  planning	&#13;  maps	&#13;  dating	&#13;  from	&#13;  
the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  earliest	&#13;  years	&#13;  to	&#13;  today	&#13;  reveal	&#13;  how	&#13;  maps	&#13;  since	&#13;  the	&#13;  
1800s	&#13;  have	&#13;  shaped	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  into	&#13;  what	&#13;  it	&#13;  is	&#13;  today.	&#13;  

Maps,	&#13;  Tourism	&#13;  and	&#13;  Travel	&#13;  
Since	&#13;  the	&#13;  1830s,	&#13;  when	&#13;  trains	&#13;  began	&#13;  to	&#13;  deliver	&#13;  summer	&#13;  visitors,	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs’	&#13;  growth	&#13;  and	&#13;  development	&#13;  moved	&#13;  in	&#13;  lock	&#13;  
step	&#13;  with	&#13;  ground	&#13;  transportation.	&#13;  Maps	&#13;  reveal	&#13;  how	&#13;  Broadway	&#13;  
retains	&#13;  its	&#13;  role	&#13;  as	&#13;  the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  spine,	&#13;  despite	&#13;  efforts	&#13;  by	&#13;  developers	&#13;  
to	&#13;  entice	&#13;  visitors	&#13;  away.	&#13;  They	&#13;  also	&#13;  track	&#13;  today’s	&#13;  familiar	&#13;  routes	&#13;  
–	&#13;  9,	&#13;  29	&#13;  and	&#13;  50—from	&#13;  a	&#13;  network	&#13;  of	&#13;  trails,	&#13;  roads	&#13;  and	&#13;  rail	&#13;  tracks.	&#13;  
Dreamers	&#13;  from	&#13;  real	&#13;  estate	&#13;  developers	&#13;  and	&#13;  civic-­‐minded	&#13;  
residents	&#13;  to	&#13;  city	&#13;  planners	&#13;  and	&#13;  college	&#13;  professors	&#13;  map	&#13;  
transportation	&#13;  and	&#13;  tourism	&#13;  to	&#13;  imagine	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  future.	&#13;  

	&#13;  

Tourist,	&#13;  urban	&#13;  development,	&#13;  and	&#13;  transportation	&#13;  maps	&#13;  
provide	&#13;  complementary	&#13;  sides	&#13;  of	&#13;  a	&#13;  story	&#13;  about	&#13;  the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  
plans	&#13;  for	&#13;  growth	&#13;  and	&#13;  adaptation	&#13;  to	&#13;  changing	&#13;  times.	&#13;  

�	&#13;  
	&#13;  

	&#13;  

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                    <text>Mapping a
City
1915:
Incorporating a City
Early 20th century Saratoga
Springs faced a decline in its
popularity as a resort and
conference destination. Seeking
to reinvent its image and assert
its place as an upstate New
York hub, town leaders started
several projects, working with
state officials, to conserve the
mineral springs and bring the
visitors back.
A defining moment for the
town’s revitalization came with
its incorporation as a city in
1915, which capped a period of
municipal conservation efforts
and a new era of mapping and
zoning. 100 years since the city
charter was signed, this exhibit
tells the city’s origins and
growth through its maps.

Map Stories of
Saratoga Springs
Maps chart the tale of Saratoga
Springs' settlement, establishment as a separate district
within the town of Saratoga in
1819, erection as an independent village in 1826, and receipt
of a city charter from New
York State in 1915.
Maps also reveal what mattered
to visitors and residents: parks
and parking, routes and roads,
attractions and business, land
and buildings, planning and
development, what worked and
what should change.
Saratoga Springs History Museum
1 E Congress St
Saratoga Springs, New York 12866
www.saratogahistory.org
Exhibit Website:
http:://ssmp.skidmore.edu/

250 Years of
Saratoga Springs
History
April - December 2015
Sponsored by
the Alfred Z. Solomon
Charitable Trust
&amp; JIMAPCO

�2
1

Timeline

The Past Through Maps
The citizens of Saratoga Springs, N.Y.,
might think of making a map in order to
influence policy (Figure 1) or of consulting
one to plan a trip or to showcase in homes,
schools and libraries (Figure 2). But maps
also reveal a lot about the communities that
made them--their ideas and values, their
way of seeing the world, their hopes and
dreams. In other words, maps tell stories.
Accessible by Native American trails as
early as the 17th century, the springs of
Saratoga and the settlement that grew
around them began to find their way onto
many kinds of maps--official surveys, city

plans, tourist guides, and real estate brochures with late-18th c. European settlement.
Small-scale and large scale, businesslike or
humorous, black &amp; white or color, these
historical maps provide details or data
about the city's past.
Maps takes us through Saratoga Springs'
history from its origins as a crossroads
between Canada, New York and New
England and a draw for the healing power
of its mineral waters to its present day as a
lively spot for meetings, nightlife, and
recreation.

1777 Battle of Saratoga
1789 Gideon Putnam arrived in
Saratoga Springs
1791 Saratoga County established
1803 Putnam’s Boarding House
built
1819 Saratoga Springs becomes a
district, town of Saratoga
1824 United States Hotel opens
1826 Saratoga Springs Village
Charter
1833 First steam locomotive to
Saratoga Springs
1863 Racetrack opens
1893 Convention Hall opens
1911 Racetrack closes for two
seasons
1913 Village Park – later
Congress Park – opens
1915 City Charter adopted by NY
State Legislature
1918 Saratoga County Chamber
of Commerce forms
1923 First zoning map
1951 Saratoga Springs casinos
closed
1963 Northway (I-87) opens
1966 Saratoga Performing Arts
Center opens
1984 City Center opens
2004 Saratoga Gaming &amp;
Raceway opens
2015 Centennial of City Charter

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                    <text>Sixty
Years
Y
oung

Stories from the archives
of the Adult and Senior
Center of Saratoga.
Research by

Phoebe Radcliffe
Eli Ruben
Natasha Thaler
Rebecca Walker
Tracey Wingate
with
Jordana Dym

MDOCS

JOHN B. MOORE DOCUMENTARY STUDIES COLLABORATIVE

DESIGN BY MICHAEL ZHOU

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Time teaches us how to fight for a better quality of life, hard-working hands! Strong and Worn! Hands that also know how to caress and to show the bravery it takes to continue fighting every day to achieve goals and dreams that aren’t easy to reach.</text>
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Whenever I look back on my life’s journey, I see that everything changes, time does not forgive, there is still the absence of smiles, of hugs, of tears from my loved ones that are no longer here; only the memories are left in my mind and in my heart.</text>
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Don’t take pictures of me today; take them once I’m in a race.  </text>
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                <text>Calor, frio, lluvia,  nuestro transporte es tan rápido o lento como queramos, siempre en movimiento, siempre dándonos la oportunidad de contemplar la belleza de nuestro Saratoga. &#13;
 &#13;
Hot, cold, rain, our transportation is as fast or as slow as we want, always in motion, always giving us the chance to contemplate the beauty of our Saratoga. </text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>¿Porque Atribuirle Significados Incorrectos?/Why attribute the wrong meaning to him?</text>
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            <name>Alternative Title</name>
            <description>An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7616">
                <text>2017</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Dejemos de formar las palabras a la conveniencia de los arriba.&#13;
&#13;
We must stop watching what we say just to keep those above us happy. </text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="67">
            <name>License</name>
            <description>A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7619">
                <text>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Digital Photograph, JPEG</text>
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      <tag tagId="263">
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      <tag tagId="727">
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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        <element elementId="119">
          <name>Record Contributor</name>
          <description>Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.</description>
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              <text>Krystle Nowhitney Hernandez</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Ana Karen Cruz Gómez</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7623">
                <text>Solo los Valientes se Arriesgan y los Cobardes Critican/Only the Brave Take Risks While the Cowards Criticize &#13;</text>
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            <name>Alternative Title</name>
            <description>An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.</description>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2017</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Saratoga Race Course, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7627">
                <text>Ser Inmigrante es sinónimo de orgullo ya que muchos no son ni capaces de salir de su casa solos. &#13;&#13;To be an immigrant is to be proud, since many people aren’t even capable of leaving their homes by themselves. </text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="67">
            <name>License</name>
            <description>A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7628">
                <text>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7629">
                <text>Digital Photograph, JPEG</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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        <element elementId="119">
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              <text>Krystle Nowhitney Hernandez</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Erick Alberto Estrada Martínez</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7632">
                <text>Poder y Equilibrio/Power and Balance</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Alternative Title</name>
            <description>An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.</description>
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                <text>Erick Alberto Estrada Martínez_2017_1.jpg</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7636">
                <text>El vuelo ágil de la libélula y su capacidad de moverse en todas las direcciones destilan una sensación de poder y equilibrio, algo que solo viene con la edad y madurez.  Igual que yo tengo poder y equilibrio en mi vida y en mis logros para ir a la dirección correcta.&#13;&#13;The agile flight of the dragon fly and its ability to move in every direction, distill a sensation of power and balance--something that only comes with age and maturity. The same way that I have enough power and balance in my life and in my achievements, to go in the right direction. </text>
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            <name>License</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7637">
                <text>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.</text>
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                <text>Digital Photograph, JPEG</text>
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                <text>Erick Alberto Estrada Martínez</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7641">
                <text>Recuerdos/Memories</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Alternative Title</name>
            <description>An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.</description>
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                <text>Erick Alberto Estrada Martínez_2017_2.jpg</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2017</text>
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                <text>Congress Park, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Sepan que la vida en este país no es fácil, paso momentos agradables y desagradables, es difícil estar solo extrañando a mi familia en todo lo que hago, pienso en mis amigos y al final me quedo con el momento en que regrese a mi país y la felicidad completa que estará ahí para mí.&#13;&#13; You should know that life in this country is not easy, I go through nice and not so nice times, it’s hard to be alone missing my family in everything I do, I think of my friends, and in the end I cling to the moment that I’ll return to my country and how complete happiness will be there waiting for me.</text>
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                <text>Sin tanto que agregar. Tan solo con luz y sombra puedes sentir la paz y tranquilad de las personas que trabajan en este lugar  para apoyarnos y enseñarnos más.&#13;&#13;Without much to add.  With just light and shadow you can feel the peace and tranquility of the people who work in this place to support and teach us more.</text>
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                <text>Ganas querer aprender y  superarse aprendiendo un poquito más todos los días.&#13;&#13;You want to learn and excel by learning a little bit more every day.</text>
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                <text>Crecemos con la oportunidad de poder elegir nuestro camino, será el camino del bien o del mal; Tú eres quien dirige y decide tu vida y hacia dónde vas.&#13;&#13;We grow up with the opportunity to choose our path, it will be the path of good or of evil; You are the one who decides and directs your life and where you are headed.</text>
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