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              <text>The 1960s in Saratoga Springs was marked by a need for change to combat years of previous decline. Saratoga Springs fell into a period of decline after World War II and urban renewal was the clear response to update the city’s reputation. The Federal Housing Act of 1949 set a standard for American cities to be beautiful and aesthetically pleasing. As cities across the country at this time were seen as centers of urban decay, an economic boom generated the funds for rebuilding. Federal subsidies allowed local governments to invest in urban renewal projects and in turn local governments receive money for public infrastructure.&#13;
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          <description>For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3290">
              <text>Tourist maps</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Theme</name>
          <description>For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3291">
              <text>Travel and Tourism</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="111">
          <name>Subject - Details</name>
          <description>This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.&#13;
&#13;
For maps:  (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer. &#13;
&#13;
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3292">
              <text>This brochure highlights Saratoga Springs as a place easy to get into and get away from.  Each 2-page spread engages one aspect of the city's attractions: hospitality, the track, the recreation at the Spa State Park, the city's vibrancy.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="119">
          <name>Record Contributor</name>
          <description>Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3293">
              <text>J. Dym</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="120">
          <name>Record Creation Date</name>
          <description>Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3294">
              <text>4/7/2015</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="118">
          <name>Repository</name>
          <description>Name of the repository that holds the original item.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3295">
              <text>Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3287">
                <text>Splendid Motor Roads Lead in Every Direction</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3288">
                <text>1930s</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="73">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3289">
                <text>Saratoga Springs: King of Resorts, Queen of Spas</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="245">
        <name>map</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="221" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="519">
        <src>https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/c140b7c57cfdac798e6643efb3562a6d.jpg</src>
        <authentication>bd802cf705c735980833c56541aaf809</authentication>
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      <file fileId="520">
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        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5030">
                  <text>Mapping Saratoga Springs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5031">
                  <text>1700-</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3298">
              <text>paper</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="119">
          <name>Record Contributor</name>
          <description>Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3299">
              <text>J. Dym</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="120">
          <name>Record Creation Date</name>
          <description>Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3300">
              <text>4/7/2015</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="121">
          <name>Abstract (&amp; Historical Note)</name>
          <description>Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features. &#13;
&#13;
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.&#13;
&#13;
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3301">
              <text>&lt;em&gt;Just For Fun&lt;/em&gt; presented caricatures of leading figures in Saratoga Springs' business and civic communities.&amp;nbsp; Such booklets were put together for many municipalities in the turn-of-the-century United States.&amp;nbsp; Few copies seem to have made their way into libraries, and little is known about this particular edition.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Theme</name>
          <description>For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3302">
              <text>Civic Life</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="118">
          <name>Repository</name>
          <description>Name of the repository that holds the original item.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3303">
              <text>Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3296">
                <text>Just for Fun</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3297">
                <text>ca. 1900</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="526">
        <name>caricature</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="560">
        <name>civic leaders</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="133">
        <name>civic life</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="14">
        <name>civil engineer</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="544">
        <name>illustration</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="132">
        <name>Lester</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1">
        <name>maps</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="12">
        <name>Mott</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="172">
        <name>real estate</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="222" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="525">
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      <file fileId="526">
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    </fileContainer>
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      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5030">
                  <text>Mapping Saratoga Springs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5031">
                  <text>1700-</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>Map</name>
      <description>Cartographic document</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="118">
          <name>Repository</name>
          <description>Name of the repository that holds the original item.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3308">
              <text>Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="117">
          <name>Scope</name>
          <description>Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park).  This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3309">
              <text>Other</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Type</name>
          <description>For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3310">
              <text>Road maps</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Theme</name>
          <description>For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3311">
              <text>Transportation</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="3312">
              <text>Travel and Tourism</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3304">
                <text>United States Hotel </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3305">
                <text>ca. 1903</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3306">
                <text>A business card for the hotel highlighting its modernity and advertising its symphony offerings on front, with a map of routes from Albany to Saratoga springs on the back.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3307">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="245">
        <name>map</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="223" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="529">
        <src>https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/efd246f2ba1ad822dc1d997602f3e9c9.jpg</src>
        <authentication>5b32dc92d80b6c7a382bd1ffb3bb6e43</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="34">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5030">
                  <text>Mapping Saratoga Springs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5031">
                  <text>1700-</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3316">
              <text>paper</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="121">
          <name>Abstract (&amp; Historical Note)</name>
          <description>Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features. &#13;
&#13;
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.&#13;
&#13;
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3317">
              <text>This abstract of a title for a home sale in 1958 includes all abstracts going back to the original ownership of the land by the Ritchie family of Saratoga Springs. This document is interesting for a couple of reasons. First, albeit indirectly, this abstract tells a map story. Many titles and mortgage documents identify property based on original plats—property maps filed with the County Clerk in Ballston Spa. This page from a title for a house on Ritchie Place and Lake Avenue identifies the plot from two maps. The first is an 1881 survey conducted by L&lt;a title="Cramer map of Jumel Estate" href="http://ssmp.skidmore.edu/items/show/93"&gt;ouis H. Cramer of the estate owned by Mme. Jumel&lt;/a&gt;. The second identifies the property as Lot 3 owned by James Ritchie, per &lt;a title="Mott map of Ritchie Property (1923)" href="http://ssmp.skidmore.edu/items/show/198"&gt;a map filed by city engineer Samuel J. Mott on April 16, 1923, with the County Clerk&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But this title, perhaps, offers more interesting insights not from the map, but from sales restrictions. Between 1931-1944, sale of this property prohibited workshops, factories or gasoline stations, hinting at resistance to certain activities near downtown. But it is the comment that “said premises shall not be sold, leased or otherwise disposed of to any other than white people “that perhaps most asks us to look with new eyes at the era’s city maps.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="118">
          <name>Repository</name>
          <description>Name of the repository that holds the original item.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3318">
              <text>Private Collection</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="113">
          <name>Subject - Name</name>
          <description>Names of individuals associated with the item.  Last name first.&#13;
&#13;
For Maps: People represented on the map itself. In nearly every case, this field will be used when people are pictured on the map (several maps in this project are decorated with photographs or engravings in the margins). Use authorized versions of the name from the Library of Congress Name Authority File where possible.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3319">
              <text>Mott, Samuel J.&#13;
Ritchie&#13;
Jumel&#13;
Cramer, Louis H.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Theme</name>
          <description>For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3320">
              <text>Property and Development</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="3321">
              <text>Demographics</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="119">
          <name>Record Contributor</name>
          <description>Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3322">
              <text>J. Dym</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="120">
          <name>Record Creation Date</name>
          <description>Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="3323">
              <text>4/8/2015</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3313">
                <text>Warranty Deed, No. 11, Bernard J. and Emily S. Donovan to John J. and Rose M. King, August 19/20, 1944</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3314">
                <text>1944</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="73">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3315">
                <text>Abstract of Title of Robert L. Nicholas and Marilou S. Nichols</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="224" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="543" order="1">
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        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="1">
            <name>Dublin Core</name>
            <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="50">
                <name>Title</name>
                <description>A name given to the resource</description>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="3367">
                    <text>Ann Henderson</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="40">
                <name>Date</name>
                <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="3368">
                    <text>10/18/2014</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="39">
                <name>Creator</name>
                <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="3369">
                    <text>Eileen McAdam</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
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                <text>&lt;a title="David Porter, President, Skidmore College" href="http://www.skidmore.edu/skidmorehistory/centennial/leaders/david-porter.php" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;David Porter&lt;/a&gt;, President of the college from 1987-1999, saw the college through many landmark moments. In this interview he talks about his background in Classics and Music; learning on the job; the recruitment of a more diverse student body; renovating the Library; and the development of the Tang Teaching Museum. &amp;nbsp;A &lt;a title="David H. Porter" href="https://vimeo.com/161512190"&gt;video celebration &lt;/a&gt;of his life and presidency draws on this interview.</text>
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              <text>Statistics of Saratoga Springs --- Population in 1915, 13,348. Average elevation above tide water 350 feet. Average daily temperature, June to September, inclusive--June 67.75, July 73, August 69.5, Sept. 62. Average number of days in year when sun shines 239. Air usually above normal point of dryness. winter season cold, usually 100 days sleighing. Prevailing winds throughout the year form south to south-west nearly always light. Mineral springs with few exceptiosn owned by State of New York inc ustody of Conservation Commission. State owns 160 springs, wells and bores. Largest Reservation tract in Geyeser Park (260 acres), two miles south from Post office.  In this Park is nursery of State Forestry Commission Large public Park, Casino and Gardens owned by municipality, centrally located on Broadway, contains Trasks Memorial. Daily Concerts. Holly System waterworks. Model sewage disposal plant. Paid Fire and Police Departments. Model Government Post-office Building. Two Banks, 16 Churches, Union school system of 8 Public Schools, High School and Grammar Schools. Two Public Librarie, Skidmore College, (High-class Technical School for young women), commodious Y.M.C.A Building, High-class public Hospital, several private Hospitals, Homes for childrena nd Aged Women, 3 public Bath Houses accommodating upwards of 1,000 bathers daily, in addition to the swimming pools and teh Turkish and Russian eestablishments.  Complete scientific theraputical (sic) treatments of all descriptions.  High-class Race Course with stabling for 2,000 horses, Golf Links, Polo Fields, public Tennis Courts. SEveral sylvan public and private parks to which thep ublic may have access. Saratoga Lake three miles east (reached by trolley).  Revolutionary Battle Ground and scene of Burgoyne's Surrender on Hudson River, 12 miles east.  Battle Monument at Schuylerville. Mt. McGregor where General Grant spent his last days, now site of costly Insurance Company Sanitarium (1,000 feet elevation), six miles north.  Distances from Saratoga Springs,-- New York,1 82 miles; Albany, 39 miles; Troy, 32 miles; Schenectady, 22 miles; Manchester, VT., 50 miles; Pttsfield, Mass., 75 miles; Glens Falls, 22 miles; Lake Luzerne, 22 miles, (elevation 635 feet); Lake George 31 miles elevation 331 feet )(sic) Lake Champlain, 40 miles, (elevation 99 feet).&#13;
&#13;
Below:&#13;
With the Compliments of&#13;
Lester Brothers Inc., Real Estate Brokers,&#13;
377 Broadway, Saratoga Springs, N.Y.&#13;
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          <description>Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park).  This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.</description>
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          <description>For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.</description>
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              <text>City Plan</text>
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          <name>Theme</name>
          <description>For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.</description>
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              <text>Property and Development</text>
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              <text>Demographics</text>
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          <name>Publisher</name>
          <description>Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.</description>
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              <text>[Lester Brothers]</text>
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          <name>Place of Publication</name>
          <description>The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.</description>
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              <text>[Saratoga Springs]</text>
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          <name>Record Contributor</name>
          <description>Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.</description>
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              <text>J. Dym</text>
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          <name>Record Creation Date</name>
          <description>Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit</description>
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        <element elementId="10">
          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image</description>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Map of Saratoga Springs</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1915</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Lester, Willard</text>
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                <text>Health, History, Horses</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>The Saratogian</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Saratoga Spa Authoirty</text>
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                    <text>Mapping
a City
1915:
Incorporating a City
Early 20th century Saratoga
Springs faced a decline in its
popularity as a resort and
conference destination. Seeking
to reinvent its image and assert
its place as an upstate New
York hub, town leaders started
several projects, working with
state officials, to conserve the
mineral springs and bring the
visitors back.
A defining moment for the
town’s revitalization came with
its incorporation as a city in
1915, which capped a period of
municipal conservation efforts
and a new era of mapping and
zoning. 100 years since the city
charter was signed, this exhibit
tells the city’s origins and
growth through its maps.

Map Stories of
Saratoga Springs
Maps chart the tale of Saratoga
Springs' settlement, establishment as a separate district
within the town of Saratoga in
1819, erection as an independent village in 1826, and receipt
of a city charter from New
York State in 1915.
Maps also reveal what mattered
to visitors and residents: parks
and parking, routes and roads,
attractions and business, land
and buildings, planning and
development, what worked and
what should change..

250 Years of
Saratoga Springs
History

Saratoga Springs History Museum
1 E Congress St
Saratoga Springs, New York 12866
www.saratogahistory.org
Exhibit Website:
http:://ssmp.skidmore.edu/

Centennial Anniversary
of the City of Saratoga
Springs

�2
1

Timeline

The Past Through Maps
The citizens of Saratoga Springs, N.Y.,
might think of making a map in order to
influence policy (Figure 1) or of consulting
one to plan a trip or to showcase in homes,
schools and libraries (Figure 2). But maps
also reveal a lot about the communities that
made them--their ideas and values, their
way of seeing the world, their hopes and
dreams. In other words, maps tell stories.
Accessible by Native American trails as
early as the 17th century, the springs of
Saratoga and the settlement that grew
around them began to find their way onto
many kinds of maps--official surveys, city

plans, tourist guides, and real estate brochures with late-18th c. European settlement.
Small-scale and large scale, businesslike or
humorous, black &amp; white or color, these
historical maps provide details or data
about the city's past.
Maps takes us through Saratoga Springs'
history from its origins as a crossroads
between Canada, New York and New
England and a draw for the healing power
of its mineral waters to its present day as a
lively spot for meetings, nightlife, and
recreation.

1777 Battle of Saratoga
1789 Gideon Putnam arrived in
Saratoga Springs
1791 Saratoga County established
1803 Putnam’s Boarding House
built
1819 Saratoga Springs becomes a
district, town of Saratoga
1824 United States Hotel opens
1826 Saratoga Springs Village
Charter
1833 First steam locomotive to
Saratoga Springs
1863 Racetrack opens
1893 Convention Hall opens
1911 Racetrack closes for two
seasons
1913 Village Park – later
Congress Park – opens
1915 City Charter adopted by NY
State Legislature
1918 Saratoga County Chamber
of Commerce forms
1923 First zoning map
1951 Saratoga Springs casinos
closed
1963 Northway (I-87) opens
1966 Saratoga Performing Arts
Center opens
1984 City Center opens
2004 Saratoga Gaming &amp;
Raceway opens
2015 Centennial of City Charter

�</text>
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                    <text>	&#13;  
	&#13;  

	&#13;  

Visit	&#13;  the	&#13;  Exhibit’s	&#13;  Website	&#13;  
To	&#13;  find	&#13;  out	&#13;  more	&#13;  information	&#13;  about	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs’	&#13;  maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  
history,	&#13;  or	&#13;  to	&#13;  take	&#13;  a	&#13;  closer	&#13;  look	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  objects	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  exhibit,	&#13;  
please	&#13;  visit	&#13;  us	&#13;  at:	&#13;  

http://ssmp.skidmore.edu/exhibits/show/mappingsaratoga	&#13;  

Many	&#13;  Thanks	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  curatorial	&#13;  team	&#13;  worked	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  Spring	&#13;  T eam:	&#13;  Deirdre	&#13;  Schiff	&#13;  ’15,	&#13;  
Eiko	&#13;  Franklin	&#13;  ‘16,	&#13;  Erik	&#13;  Morrison	&#13;  ‘15,	&#13;  Giulia	&#13;  Morrone	&#13;  ‘15,	&#13;  Elana	&#13;  Scaglia	&#13;  
‘15,	&#13;  Emily	&#13;  Sloan	&#13;  ’15,	&#13;  and	&#13;  Allie	&#13;  Smith	&#13;  ’15	&#13;  	&#13;  to	&#13;  convert	&#13;  ideas	&#13;  to	&#13;  exhibition.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
Contributors	&#13;  and	&#13;  Brain	&#13;  Trust:	&#13;  It	&#13;  takes	&#13;  a	&#13;  village	&#13;  to	&#13;  mount	&#13;  this	&#13;  kind	&#13;  of	&#13;  
show.	&#13;  	&#13;  We	&#13;  relied	&#13;  on	&#13;  many	&#13;  area	&#13;  experts,	&#13;  including	&#13;  Lauren	&#13;  Roberts,	&#13;  Alex	&#13;  
Chaucer,	&#13;  Bob	&#13;  Jones,	&#13;  Beth	&#13;  Dupont,	&#13;  Lauren	&#13;  Shapiro	&#13;  ’15,	&#13;  Mark	&#13;  Olson,	&#13;  
Martin	&#13;  Brückner,	&#13;  Field	&#13;  Horne,	&#13;  Matt	&#13;  Veitch,	&#13;  Harvey	&#13;  and	&#13;  Cassie	&#13;  Fox,	&#13;  
Donald	&#13;  Carpenter,	&#13;  the	&#13;  
Corporation	&#13;  of	&#13;  Yaddo,	&#13;  Michael	&#13;  
McCabe,	&#13;  the	&#13;  Alfred	&#13;  Z.	&#13;  Solomon	&#13;  
Charitable	&#13;  Trust,	&#13;  JIMAPCO,	&#13;  and	&#13;  
many	&#13;  more.	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  History	&#13;  Museum	&#13;  
1	&#13;  E	&#13;  Congress	&#13;  St	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs,	&#13;  N Y	&#13;  12866	&#13;  
	&#13;   saratogahistory.org	&#13;  

Surveyors’	&#13;  Tools	&#13;  
	&#13;  

Mapping	&#13;  A	&#13;  City	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Seen	&#13;  Through	&#13;  	&#13;  
250	&#13;  Years	&#13;  of	&#13;  Maps	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  April-­‐December	&#13;  2015	&#13;  

�	&#13;  

About	&#13;  the	&#13;  Project	&#13;  

A	&#13;  Brief	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Timeline	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  Foundation:	&#13;  From	&#13;  Town	&#13;  To	&#13;  Village	&#13;  	&#13;  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

1777	&#13;  Battle	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  	&#13;  
1789	&#13;  Gideon	&#13;  Putnam	&#13;  arrives	&#13;  in	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
1791	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  County	&#13;  established	&#13;  
1803	&#13;  Putnam’s	&#13;  Boarding	&#13;  House	&#13;  built	&#13;  
1819	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  becomes	&#13;  a	&#13;  district	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
town	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  
1824	&#13;  United	&#13;  States	&#13;  Hotel	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1826	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Village	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  
1833	&#13;  First	&#13;  steam	&#13;  locomotive	&#13;  to	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
1863	&#13;  Racetrack	&#13;  opens	&#13;  	&#13;  
1893	&#13;  Convention	&#13;  Hall	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1911	&#13;  Racetrack	&#13;  closes	&#13;  for	&#13;  two	&#13;  seasons	&#13;  
1913	&#13;  Village	&#13;  P ark	&#13;  –	&#13;  later	&#13;  Congress	&#13;  Park	&#13;  –	&#13;  opens	&#13;  

A	&#13;  City	&#13;  Rises	&#13;  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
	&#13;  

1915	&#13;  City	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  adopted	&#13;  by	&#13;  NY	&#13;  State	&#13;  Legislature	&#13;  
	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  Trolley	&#13;  station	&#13;  (now	&#13;  Visitors	&#13;  Center)	&#13;  open	&#13;  	&#13;  
1918	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  County	&#13;  Chamber	&#13;  of	&#13;  Commerce	&#13;  forms	&#13;  
1923	&#13;  First	&#13;  zoning	&#13;  map	&#13;  adopted	&#13;  by	&#13;  the	&#13;  City	&#13;  Council	&#13;  
1941	&#13;  Trolley	&#13;  station	&#13;  becomes	&#13;  state	&#13;  park	&#13;  drink	&#13;  hall	&#13;  
1951	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  casinos	&#13;  close	&#13;  
1963	&#13;  Northway	&#13;  (I-­‐87)	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1966	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Performing	&#13;  Arts	&#13;  Center	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1984	&#13;  City	&#13;  Center	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
2004	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Gaming	&#13;  &amp;	&#13;  Raceway	&#13;  begins	&#13;  
2015	&#13;  Centennial	&#13;  of	&#13;  City	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  

To	&#13;  celebrate	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs'	&#13;  centennial	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  city,	&#13;  the	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  
Springs	&#13;  History	&#13;  M useum	&#13;  presents	&#13;  this	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  that	&#13;  tells	&#13;  the	&#13;  story	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  
city	&#13;  through	&#13;  historical	&#13;  maps.	&#13;  This	&#13;  exhibition	&#13;  is	&#13;  the	&#13;  fruit	&#13;  of	&#13;  two	&#13;  years	&#13;  of	&#13;  
collaboration	&#13;  between	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  and	&#13;  the	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  History	&#13;  
Museum,	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Public	&#13;  Library	&#13;  (Saratoga	&#13;  Room),	&#13;  City	&#13;  
Historian,	&#13;  and	&#13;  County	&#13;  Historian.	&#13;  Thanks	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  many	&#13;  Saratogians	&#13;  and	&#13;  
Skidmore	&#13;  community	&#13;  members	&#13;  who	&#13;  helped	&#13;  bring	&#13;  it	&#13;  together,	&#13;  
transforming	&#13;  an	&#13;  idea	&#13;  to	&#13;  class	&#13;  project	&#13;  to	&#13;  exhibition.	&#13;  

First	&#13;  Steps	&#13;  
A	&#13;  committee	&#13;  led	&#13;  by	&#13;  Teri	&#13;  Blasko	&#13;  (Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Public	&#13;  Library).	&#13;  
Jordana	&#13;  Dym	&#13;  (Skidmore),	&#13;  Mary-­‐Ann	&#13;  Fitzgerald	&#13;  (City	&#13;  Historian),	&#13;  Jamie	&#13;  
Parillo	&#13;  (SS	&#13;  History	&#13;  Museum),	&#13;  and	&#13;  Rachel	&#13;  Seligman	&#13;  (Skidmore)	&#13;  identified	&#13;  
materials	&#13;  at	&#13;  their	&#13;  institutions,	&#13;  the	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  County	&#13;  archives,	&#13;  Duke	&#13;  
University's	&#13;  Rubenstein	&#13;  Library	&#13;  and	&#13;  Library	&#13;  of	&#13;  Congress,	&#13;  and	&#13;  
brainstormed	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  goals.	&#13;  In	&#13;  summer	&#13;  2014,	&#13;  Deirdre	&#13;  Schiff,	&#13;  '15,	&#13;  and	&#13;  Allie	&#13;  
Smith,	&#13;  '15,	&#13;  joined	&#13;  the	&#13;  team	&#13;  with	&#13;  a	&#13;  summer	&#13;  collaborative	&#13;  research	&#13;  g rant.	&#13;  
Duke	&#13;  University’s	&#13;  Mark	&#13;  Olson	&#13;  led	&#13;  a	&#13;  workshop	&#13;  on	&#13;  Omeka,	&#13;  the	&#13;  platform	&#13;  
used	&#13;  for	&#13;  Skidmore-­‐Saratoga	&#13;  Memory	&#13;  Project	&#13;  exhibits,	&#13;  including	&#13;  this	&#13;  one.	&#13;  

It	&#13;  Takes	&#13;  a	&#13;  Class	&#13;  
In	&#13;  Fall	&#13;  2014,	&#13;  Dym’s	&#13;  Mapping	&#13;  the	&#13;  Americas	&#13;  class	&#13;  (pictured	&#13;  below),	&#13;  
worked	&#13;  with	&#13;  selected	&#13;  materials,	&#13;  researched,	&#13;  learned	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
history,	&#13;  and	&#13;  prepared	&#13;  the	&#13;  story.	&#13;  In	&#13;  Spring	&#13;  2015,	&#13;  more	&#13;  than	&#13;  half	&#13;  the	&#13;  class	&#13;  
continued	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  project,	&#13;  developing	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  materials,	&#13;  conducting	&#13;  
research,	&#13;  and	&#13;  contributing	&#13;  to	&#13;  labels	&#13;  and	&#13;  activity	&#13;  planning.	&#13;  

Back	&#13;  row:	&#13;  John	&#13;  Kolios,	&#13;  Maggie	&#13;  Clark,	&#13;  David	&#13;  Florence,	&#13;  Brandyn	&#13;  Solano,	&#13;  Giulia	&#13;  Morrone,	&#13;  Dierdre	&#13;  Schiff,	&#13;  
Hannah	&#13;  Smith,	&#13;  Sam	&#13;  Kogan	&#13;  ,	&#13;  E rik	&#13;  Morrison.	&#13;  Front	&#13;  row:	&#13;  Elana	&#13;  Scaglia,	&#13;  Emily	&#13;  S loan,	&#13;  Allie	&#13;  Smith,	&#13;  Eiko	&#13;  Franklin.	&#13;  	&#13;  

�	&#13;  

A	&#13;  City	&#13;  and	&#13;  its	&#13;  Mapmakers	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  became	&#13;  a	&#13;  city	&#13;  at	&#13;  a	&#13;  time	&#13;  when	&#13;  reinvent-­‐
tion	&#13;  and	&#13;  renewal	&#13;  were	&#13;  on	&#13;  state	&#13;  and	&#13;  local	&#13;  leaders’	&#13;  minds.	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  1915	&#13;  State	&#13;  Reservation	&#13;  Commission	&#13;  report	&#13;  mapped	&#13;  
out	&#13;  plans	&#13;  to	&#13;  preserve	&#13;  and	&#13;  revive	&#13;  use	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  town’s	&#13;  mineral	&#13;  
springs,	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  new,	&#13;  modern	&#13;  resort	&#13;  in	&#13;  what	&#13;  is	&#13;  now	&#13;  the	&#13;  Sara-­‐
toga	&#13;  Spa	&#13;  State	&#13;  Park.	&#13;  	&#13;  The	&#13;  City	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  reconfirmed	&#13;  the	&#13;  
territory	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  and	&#13;  its	&#13;  “corporation	&#13;  line.”	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  Spirit	&#13;  of	&#13;  Life	&#13;  celebrated	&#13;  the	&#13;  contributions	&#13;  of	&#13;  Spencer	&#13;  
Trask	&#13;  and	&#13;  marked	&#13;  the	&#13;  newly	&#13;  public	&#13;  space	&#13;  of	&#13;  Congress	&#13;  Park.	&#13;  

Over	&#13;  its	&#13;  history,	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  has	&#13;  produced	&#13;  many	&#13;  
maps	&#13;  that	&#13;  tell	&#13;  the	&#13;  community’s	&#13;  story.	&#13;  	&#13;  Two	&#13;  generations	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Motts,	&#13;  father	&#13;  Jesse	&#13;  S.	&#13;  and	&#13;  son	&#13;  Samuel	&#13;  J.,	&#13;  served	&#13;  as	&#13;  village	&#13;  
and	&#13;  city	&#13;  engineers	&#13;  (1894	&#13;  –	&#13;  1942),	&#13;  mapping	&#13;  infrastructure,	&#13;  
plans	&#13;  for	&#13;  the	&#13;  future	&#13;  and	&#13;  property	&#13;  maps.	&#13;  	&#13;  The	&#13;  plans	&#13;  and	&#13;  
maps	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Lester	&#13;  Brothers	&#13;  real	&#13;  estate	&#13;  firm	&#13;  (1860s-­‐1930s)	&#13;  
plot	&#13;  development.	&#13;  Charles	&#13;  F.	&#13;  Dowd	&#13;  (whose	&#13;  daughter	&#13;  
married	&#13;  into	&#13;  the	&#13;  Lester	&#13;  family)	&#13;  was	&#13;  an	&#13;  owner	&#13;  and	&#13;  professor	&#13;  
at	&#13;  the	&#13;  Temple	&#13;  Grove	&#13;  Seminary;	&#13;  he	&#13;  is	&#13;  perhaps	&#13;  best	&#13;  known	&#13;  
for	&#13;  proposing	&#13;  standardized	&#13;  time	&#13;  zones,	&#13;  creating	&#13;  maps	&#13;  from	&#13;  
the	&#13;  1860s.	&#13;  	&#13;  More	&#13;  recently,	&#13;  civic	&#13;  organizations	&#13;  like	&#13;  the	&#13;  Lions	&#13;  
	&#13;   Club	&#13;  and	&#13;  Chamber	&#13;  of	&#13;  Commerce	&#13;  produce	&#13;  city	&#13;  maps.	&#13;  

A	&#13;  Word	&#13;  About	&#13;  the	&#13;  Space	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  began	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  settlement	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  town	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  in	&#13;  land	&#13;  originally	&#13;  part	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Kayaderosseras	&#13;  
Patent.	&#13;  In	&#13;  1819,	&#13;  an	&#13;  act	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  New	&#13;  York	&#13;  State	&#13;  Legislature	&#13;  
officially	&#13;  divided	&#13;  the	&#13;  town	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga,	&#13;  adding	&#13;  the	&#13;  town	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  within	&#13;  it.	&#13;  The	&#13;  new	&#13;  township	&#13;  received	&#13;  
about	&#13;  half	&#13;  the	&#13;  land	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  original	&#13;  municipality,	&#13;  located	&#13;  on	&#13;  
the	&#13;  west	&#13;  side	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Kayaderosseras	&#13;  and	&#13;  Fish	&#13;  Creeks.	&#13;  
Within	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  two	&#13;  distinct	&#13;  “districts”	&#13;  
created	&#13;  by	&#13;  an	&#13;  1826	&#13;  act	&#13;  that	&#13;  incorporated	&#13;  the	&#13;  village.	&#13;  	&#13;  

Saratoga	&#13;  Springs’	&#13;  territory	&#13;  today	&#13;  remains	&#13;  largely	&#13;  the	&#13;  same	&#13;  
as	&#13;  that	&#13;  described	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  1819	&#13;  act.	&#13;  The	&#13;  1915	&#13;  city	&#13;  
incorporation	&#13;  act	&#13;  confirmed	&#13;  that	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  retained	&#13;  the	&#13;  
town’s	&#13;  “present	&#13;  boundaries,”	&#13;  making	&#13;  government	&#13;  and	&#13;  
administration	&#13;  “coextensive	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  territory	&#13;  above	&#13;  
described”—in	&#13;  other	&#13;  words,	&#13;  the	&#13;  same. 	&#13;  

�	&#13;  
	&#13;  

Maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  Civic	&#13;  Life	&#13;  

Maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  Urban	&#13;  Development	&#13;  

Streets,	&#13;  buildings,	&#13;  and	&#13;  land	&#13;  divisions	&#13;  may	&#13;  be	&#13;  the	&#13;  most	&#13;  obvious	&#13;  
features	&#13;  on	&#13;  a	&#13;  map,	&#13;  but	&#13;  each	&#13;  of	&#13;  these	&#13;  physical	&#13;  elements	&#13;  
reflects	&#13;  how	&#13;  a	&#13;  community	&#13;  creates	&#13;  and	&#13;  uses	&#13;  its	&#13;  public	&#13;  and	&#13;  
private	&#13;  spaces.	&#13;  Maps	&#13;  help	&#13;  us	&#13;  understand	&#13;  what	&#13;  matters	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  
people	&#13;  who	&#13;  live,	&#13;  work,	&#13;  and	&#13;  play	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  town	&#13;  or	&#13;  city.	&#13;  The	&#13;  maps	&#13;  
displayed	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  and	&#13;  online	&#13;  give	&#13;  a	&#13;  taste	&#13;  of	&#13;  some	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  
most	&#13;  enduring	&#13;  features	&#13;  of	&#13;  civic	&#13;  life	&#13;  –	&#13;  including	&#13;  schools	&#13;  and	&#13;  
voting	&#13;  districts,	&#13;  parades,	&#13;  and	&#13;  parks.	&#13;  

A	&#13;  walk	&#13;  through	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  today	&#13;  reveals	&#13;  glamorous	&#13;  
buildings	&#13;  of	&#13;  distinct	&#13;  styles	&#13;  that	&#13;  range	&#13;  from	&#13;  simple	&#13;  red	&#13;  brick	&#13;  
facades	&#13;  to	&#13;  decadent	&#13;  Victorian	&#13;  mansions	&#13;  and	&#13;  even	&#13;  southern	&#13;  
antebellum	&#13;  porches	&#13;  that	&#13;  make	&#13;  you	&#13;  question	&#13;  how	&#13;  a	&#13;  hint	&#13;  of	&#13;  
southern	&#13;  hospitality	&#13;  made	&#13;  it	&#13;  so	&#13;  far	&#13;  north.	&#13;  Fine	&#13;  dining	&#13;  is	&#13;  
everywhere	&#13;  you	&#13;  turn,	&#13;  and	&#13;  a	&#13;  horse	&#13;  will	&#13;  always	&#13;  be	&#13;  displayed	&#13;  to	&#13;  
remind	&#13;  you	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  track.	&#13;  Behind	&#13;  the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  current	&#13;  lively	&#13;  
atmosphere	&#13;  of	&#13;  health,	&#13;  history,	&#13;  and	&#13;  horses	&#13;  lies	&#13;  a	&#13;  complex	&#13;  history	&#13;  
of	&#13;  urban	&#13;  development.	&#13;  Changes	&#13;  in	&#13;  planning	&#13;  maps	&#13;  dating	&#13;  from	&#13;  
the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  earliest	&#13;  years	&#13;  to	&#13;  today	&#13;  reveal	&#13;  how	&#13;  maps	&#13;  since	&#13;  the	&#13;  
1800s	&#13;  have	&#13;  shaped	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  into	&#13;  what	&#13;  it	&#13;  is	&#13;  today.	&#13;  

Maps,	&#13;  Tourism	&#13;  and	&#13;  Travel	&#13;  
Since	&#13;  the	&#13;  1830s,	&#13;  when	&#13;  trains	&#13;  began	&#13;  to	&#13;  deliver	&#13;  summer	&#13;  visitors,	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs’	&#13;  growth	&#13;  and	&#13;  development	&#13;  moved	&#13;  in	&#13;  lock	&#13;  
step	&#13;  with	&#13;  ground	&#13;  transportation.	&#13;  Maps	&#13;  reveal	&#13;  how	&#13;  Broadway	&#13;  
retains	&#13;  its	&#13;  role	&#13;  as	&#13;  the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  spine,	&#13;  despite	&#13;  efforts	&#13;  by	&#13;  developers	&#13;  
to	&#13;  entice	&#13;  visitors	&#13;  away.	&#13;  They	&#13;  also	&#13;  track	&#13;  today’s	&#13;  familiar	&#13;  routes	&#13;  
–	&#13;  9,	&#13;  29	&#13;  and	&#13;  50—from	&#13;  a	&#13;  network	&#13;  of	&#13;  trails,	&#13;  roads	&#13;  and	&#13;  rail	&#13;  tracks.	&#13;  
Dreamers	&#13;  from	&#13;  real	&#13;  estate	&#13;  developers	&#13;  and	&#13;  civic-­‐minded	&#13;  
residents	&#13;  to	&#13;  city	&#13;  planners	&#13;  and	&#13;  college	&#13;  professors	&#13;  map	&#13;  
transportation	&#13;  and	&#13;  tourism	&#13;  to	&#13;  imagine	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  future.	&#13;  

	&#13;  

Tourist,	&#13;  urban	&#13;  development,	&#13;  and	&#13;  transportation	&#13;  maps	&#13;  
provide	&#13;  complementary	&#13;  sides	&#13;  of	&#13;  a	&#13;  story	&#13;  about	&#13;  the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  
plans	&#13;  for	&#13;  growth	&#13;  and	&#13;  adaptation	&#13;  to	&#13;  changing	&#13;  times.	&#13;  

�</text>
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                    <text>	&#13;  
	&#13;  

Visit	&#13;  the	&#13;  Exhibit’s	&#13;  Website	&#13;  

	&#13;  

To	&#13;  find	&#13;  out	&#13;  more	&#13;  information	&#13;  about	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs’	&#13;  maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  
history,	&#13;  or	&#13;  to	&#13;  take	&#13;  a	&#13;  closer	&#13;  look	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  objects	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  exhibit,	&#13;  
please	&#13;  visit	&#13;  us	&#13;  at:	&#13;  

http://ssmp.skidmore.edu/exhibits/show/mappingsaratoga	&#13;  

Many	&#13;  Thanks	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  curatorial	&#13;  team	&#13;  worked	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  Spring	&#13;  T eam:	&#13;  Deirdre	&#13;  Schiff	&#13;  ’15,	&#13;  
Eiko	&#13;  Franklin	&#13;  ‘16,	&#13;  Erik	&#13;  Morrison	&#13;  ‘15,	&#13;  Giulia	&#13;  Morrone	&#13;  ‘15,	&#13;  Elana	&#13;  Scaglia	&#13;  
‘15,	&#13;  Emily	&#13;  Sloan	&#13;  ’15,	&#13;  and	&#13;  Allie	&#13;  Smith	&#13;  ’15	&#13;  	&#13;  to	&#13;  convert	&#13;  ideas	&#13;  to	&#13;  exhibition.	&#13;  
	&#13;  

Contributors	&#13;  and	&#13;  Brain	&#13;  Trust:	&#13;  It	&#13;  takes	&#13;  a	&#13;  village	&#13;  to	&#13;  mount	&#13;  this	&#13;  kind	&#13;  of	&#13;  
show.	&#13;  	&#13;  We	&#13;  relied	&#13;  on	&#13;  many	&#13;  area	&#13;  experts,	&#13;  including	&#13;  Lauren	&#13;  Roberts,	&#13;  Alex	&#13;  
Chaucer,	&#13;  Bob	&#13;  Jones,	&#13;  Beth	&#13;  Dupont,	&#13;  Lauren	&#13;  Shapiro	&#13;  ’15,	&#13;  Mark	&#13;  Olson,	&#13;  
Martin	&#13;  Brückner,	&#13;  Field	&#13;  Horne,	&#13;  Matt	&#13;  Veitch,	&#13;  Harvey	&#13;  and	&#13;  Cassie	&#13;  Fox,	&#13;  
Donald	&#13;  Carpenter,	&#13;  the	&#13;  Corporation	&#13;  of	&#13;  Yaddo,	&#13;  Michael	&#13;  McCabe.	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
Support	&#13;  by	&#13;  The	&#13;  Alfred	&#13;  Z.	&#13;  
Solomon	&#13;  Charitable	&#13;  Trust,	&#13;  and	&#13;  
JIMAPCO	&#13;  made	&#13;  the	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  
possible.	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  History	&#13;  Museum	&#13;  
1	&#13;  E	&#13;  Congress	&#13;  St	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs,	&#13;  N Y	&#13;  12866	&#13;  
	&#13;   saratogahistory.org	&#13;  

Surveyors’	&#13;  Tools	&#13;  
	&#13;  

Mapping	&#13;  A	&#13;  City	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Seen	&#13;  Through	&#13;  	&#13;  
250	&#13;  Years	&#13;  of	&#13;  Maps	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  April-­‐December	&#13;  2015	&#13;  

�	&#13;  

About	&#13;  the	&#13;  Project	&#13;  

A	&#13;  Brief	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Timeline	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  Foundation:	&#13;  From	&#13;  Town	&#13;  To	&#13;  Village	&#13;  	&#13;  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

1777	&#13;  Battle	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  	&#13;  
1789	&#13;  Gideon	&#13;  Putnam	&#13;  arrives	&#13;  in	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
1791	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  County	&#13;  established	&#13;  
1803	&#13;  Putnam’s	&#13;  Boarding	&#13;  House	&#13;  built	&#13;  
1819	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  becomes	&#13;  a	&#13;  district	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
town	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  
1824	&#13;  United	&#13;  States	&#13;  Hotel	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1826	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Village	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  
1833	&#13;  First	&#13;  steam	&#13;  locomotive	&#13;  to	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
1863	&#13;  Racetrack	&#13;  opens	&#13;  	&#13;  
1893	&#13;  Convention	&#13;  Hall	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1911	&#13;  Racetrack	&#13;  closes	&#13;  for	&#13;  two	&#13;  seasons	&#13;  
1913	&#13;  Village	&#13;  P ark	&#13;  –	&#13;  later	&#13;  Congress	&#13;  Park	&#13;  –	&#13;  opens	&#13;  

A	&#13;  City	&#13;  Rises	&#13;  
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
	&#13;  

1915	&#13;  City	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  adopted	&#13;  by	&#13;  NY	&#13;  State	&#13;  Legislature	&#13;  
	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  Trolley	&#13;  station	&#13;  (now	&#13;  Visitors	&#13;  Center)	&#13;  open	&#13;  	&#13;  
1918	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  County	&#13;  Chamber	&#13;  of	&#13;  Commerce	&#13;  forms	&#13;  
1923	&#13;  First	&#13;  zoning	&#13;  map	&#13;  adopted	&#13;  by	&#13;  the	&#13;  City	&#13;  Council	&#13;  
1941	&#13;  Trolley	&#13;  station	&#13;  becomes	&#13;  state	&#13;  park	&#13;  drink	&#13;  hall	&#13;  
1951	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  casinos	&#13;  close	&#13;  
1963	&#13;  Northway	&#13;  (I-­‐87)	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1966	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Performing	&#13;  Arts	&#13;  Center	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
1984	&#13;  City	&#13;  Center	&#13;  opens	&#13;  
2004	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Gaming	&#13;  &amp;	&#13;  Raceway	&#13;  begins	&#13;  
2015	&#13;  Centennial	&#13;  of	&#13;  City	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  

To	&#13;  celebrate	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs'	&#13;  centennial	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  city,	&#13;  the	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  
Springs	&#13;  History	&#13;  M useum	&#13;  presents	&#13;  this	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  that	&#13;  tells	&#13;  the	&#13;  story	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  
city	&#13;  through	&#13;  historical	&#13;  maps.	&#13;  This	&#13;  exhibition	&#13;  is	&#13;  the	&#13;  fruit	&#13;  of	&#13;  two	&#13;  years	&#13;  of	&#13;  
collaboration	&#13;  between	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  and	&#13;  the	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  History	&#13;  
Museum,	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Public	&#13;  Library	&#13;  (Saratoga	&#13;  Room),	&#13;  City	&#13;  
Historian,	&#13;  and	&#13;  County	&#13;  Historian.	&#13;  Thanks	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  many	&#13;  Saratogians	&#13;  and	&#13;  
Skidmore	&#13;  community	&#13;  members	&#13;  who	&#13;  helped	&#13;  bring	&#13;  it	&#13;  together,	&#13;  
transforming	&#13;  an	&#13;  idea	&#13;  to	&#13;  class	&#13;  project	&#13;  to	&#13;  exhibition.	&#13;  

First	&#13;  Steps	&#13;  
A	&#13;  committee	&#13;  led	&#13;  by	&#13;  Teri	&#13;  Blasko	&#13;  (Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Public	&#13;  Library).	&#13;  
Jordana	&#13;  Dym	&#13;  (Skidmore),	&#13;  Mary-­‐Ann	&#13;  Fitzgerald	&#13;  (City	&#13;  Historian),	&#13;  Jamie	&#13;  
Parillo	&#13;  (SS	&#13;  History	&#13;  Museum),	&#13;  and	&#13;  Rachel	&#13;  Seligman	&#13;  (Skidmore)	&#13;  identified	&#13;  
materials	&#13;  at	&#13;  their	&#13;  institutions,	&#13;  the	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  County	&#13;  archives,	&#13;  Duke	&#13;  
University's	&#13;  Rubenstein	&#13;  Library	&#13;  and	&#13;  Library	&#13;  of	&#13;  Congress,	&#13;  and	&#13;  
brainstormed	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  goals.	&#13;  In	&#13;  summer	&#13;  2014,	&#13;  Deirdre	&#13;  Schiff,	&#13;  '15,	&#13;  and	&#13;  Allie	&#13;  
Smith,	&#13;  '15,	&#13;  joined	&#13;  the	&#13;  team	&#13;  with	&#13;  a	&#13;  summer	&#13;  collaborative	&#13;  research	&#13;  g rant.	&#13;  
Duke	&#13;  University’s	&#13;  Mark	&#13;  Olson	&#13;  led	&#13;  a	&#13;  workshop	&#13;  on	&#13;  Omeka,	&#13;  the	&#13;  platform	&#13;  
used	&#13;  for	&#13;  Skidmore-­‐Saratoga	&#13;  M emory	&#13;  Project	&#13;  exhibits,	&#13;  including	&#13;  this	&#13;  one.	&#13;  

It	&#13;  Takes	&#13;  a	&#13;  Class	&#13;  
In	&#13;  Fall	&#13;  2014,	&#13;  Dym’s	&#13;  Mapping	&#13;  the	&#13;  Americas	&#13;  class	&#13;  (pictured	&#13;  below),	&#13;  
worked	&#13;  with	&#13;  selected	&#13;  materials,	&#13;  researched,	&#13;  learned	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
history,	&#13;  and	&#13;  prepared	&#13;  the	&#13;  story.	&#13;  In	&#13;  Spring	&#13;  2015,	&#13;  more	&#13;  than	&#13;  half	&#13;  the	&#13;  class	&#13;  
continued	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  project,	&#13;  developing	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  materials,	&#13;  conducting	&#13;  
research,	&#13;  and	&#13;  contributing	&#13;  to	&#13;  labels	&#13;  and	&#13;  activity	&#13;  planning.	&#13;  

Back	&#13;  row:	&#13;  John	&#13;  Kolios,	&#13;  Maggie	&#13;  Clark,	&#13;  David	&#13;  Florence,	&#13;  Brandyn	&#13;  Solano,	&#13;  Giulia	&#13;  Morrone,	&#13;  Dierdre	&#13;  Schiff,	&#13;  
Hannah	&#13;  Smith,	&#13;  Sam	&#13;  Kogan	&#13;  ,	&#13;  E rik	&#13;  Morrison.	&#13;  Front	&#13;  row:	&#13;  Elana	&#13;  Scaglia,	&#13;  Emily	&#13;  S loan,	&#13;  Allie	&#13;  Smith,	&#13;  Eiko	&#13;  Franklin.	&#13;  	&#13;  

�	&#13;  

A	&#13;  City	&#13;  and	&#13;  its	&#13;  Mapmakers	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  became	&#13;  a	&#13;  city	&#13;  at	&#13;  a	&#13;  time	&#13;  when	&#13;  reinvent-­‐
tion	&#13;  and	&#13;  renewal	&#13;  were	&#13;  on	&#13;  state	&#13;  and	&#13;  local	&#13;  leaders’	&#13;  minds.	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  1915	&#13;  State	&#13;  Reservation	&#13;  Commission	&#13;  report	&#13;  mapped	&#13;  
out	&#13;  plans	&#13;  to	&#13;  preserve	&#13;  and	&#13;  revive	&#13;  use	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  town’s	&#13;  mineral	&#13;  
springs,	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  new,	&#13;  modern	&#13;  resort	&#13;  in	&#13;  what	&#13;  is	&#13;  now	&#13;  the	&#13;  Sara-­‐
toga	&#13;  Spa	&#13;  State	&#13;  Park.	&#13;  	&#13;  The	&#13;  City	&#13;  Charter	&#13;  reconfirmed	&#13;  the	&#13;  
territory	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  and	&#13;  its	&#13;  “corporation	&#13;  line.”	&#13;  	&#13;  
The	&#13;  Spirit	&#13;  of	&#13;  Life	&#13;  celebrated	&#13;  the	&#13;  contributions	&#13;  of	&#13;  Spencer	&#13;  
Trask	&#13;  and	&#13;  marked	&#13;  the	&#13;  newly	&#13;  public	&#13;  space	&#13;  of	&#13;  Congress	&#13;  Park.	&#13;  

Over	&#13;  its	&#13;  history,	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  has	&#13;  produced	&#13;  many	&#13;  
maps	&#13;  that	&#13;  tell	&#13;  the	&#13;  community’s	&#13;  story.	&#13;  	&#13;  Two	&#13;  generations	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Motts,	&#13;  father	&#13;  Jesse	&#13;  S.	&#13;  and	&#13;  son	&#13;  Samuel	&#13;  J.,	&#13;  served	&#13;  as	&#13;  village	&#13;  
and	&#13;  city	&#13;  engineers	&#13;  (1894	&#13;  –	&#13;  1942),	&#13;  mapping	&#13;  infrastructure,	&#13;  
plans	&#13;  for	&#13;  the	&#13;  future	&#13;  and	&#13;  property	&#13;  maps.	&#13;  	&#13;  The	&#13;  plans	&#13;  and	&#13;  
maps	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Lester	&#13;  Brothers	&#13;  real	&#13;  estate	&#13;  firm	&#13;  (1860s-­‐1930s)	&#13;  
plot	&#13;  development.	&#13;  Charles	&#13;  F.	&#13;  Dowd	&#13;  (whose	&#13;  daughter	&#13;  
married	&#13;  into	&#13;  the	&#13;  Lester	&#13;  family)	&#13;  was	&#13;  an	&#13;  owner	&#13;  and	&#13;  professor	&#13;  
at	&#13;  the	&#13;  Temple	&#13;  Grove	&#13;  Seminary;	&#13;  he	&#13;  is	&#13;  perhaps	&#13;  best	&#13;  known	&#13;  
for	&#13;  proposing	&#13;  standardized	&#13;  time	&#13;  zones,	&#13;  creating	&#13;  maps	&#13;  from	&#13;  
the	&#13;  1860s.	&#13;  	&#13;  More	&#13;  recently,	&#13;  civic	&#13;  organizations	&#13;  like	&#13;  the	&#13;  Lions	&#13;  
	&#13;   Club	&#13;  and	&#13;  Chamber	&#13;  of	&#13;  Commerce	&#13;  produce	&#13;  city	&#13;  maps.	&#13;  

A	&#13;  Word	&#13;  About	&#13;  the	&#13;  Space	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  began	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  settlement	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  town	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  in	&#13;  land	&#13;  originally	&#13;  part	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Kayaderosseras	&#13;  
Patent.	&#13;  In	&#13;  1819,	&#13;  an	&#13;  act	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  New	&#13;  York	&#13;  State	&#13;  Legislature	&#13;  
officially	&#13;  divided	&#13;  the	&#13;  town	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga,	&#13;  adding	&#13;  the	&#13;  town	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  within	&#13;  it.	&#13;  The	&#13;  new	&#13;  township	&#13;  received	&#13;  
about	&#13;  half	&#13;  the	&#13;  land	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  original	&#13;  municipality,	&#13;  located	&#13;  on	&#13;  
the	&#13;  west	&#13;  side	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Kayaderosseras	&#13;  and	&#13;  Fish	&#13;  Creeks.	&#13;  
Within	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  two	&#13;  distinct	&#13;  “districts”	&#13;  
created	&#13;  by	&#13;  an	&#13;  1826	&#13;  act	&#13;  that	&#13;  incorporated	&#13;  the	&#13;  village.	&#13;  	&#13;  

Saratoga	&#13;  Springs’	&#13;  territory	&#13;  today	&#13;  remains	&#13;  largely	&#13;  the	&#13;  same	&#13;  
as	&#13;  that	&#13;  described	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  1819	&#13;  act.	&#13;  The	&#13;  1915	&#13;  city	&#13;  
incorporation	&#13;  act	&#13;  confirmed	&#13;  that	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  retained	&#13;  the	&#13;  
town’s	&#13;  “present	&#13;  boundaries,”	&#13;  making	&#13;  government	&#13;  and	&#13;  
administration	&#13;  “coextensive	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  territory	&#13;  above	&#13;  
described”—in	&#13;  other	&#13;  words,	&#13;  the	&#13;  same. 	&#13;  

�	&#13;  
	&#13;  

Maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  Civic	&#13;  Life	&#13;  

Maps	&#13;  and	&#13;  Urban	&#13;  Development	&#13;  

Streets,	&#13;  buildings,	&#13;  and	&#13;  land	&#13;  divisions	&#13;  may	&#13;  be	&#13;  the	&#13;  most	&#13;  obvious	&#13;  
features	&#13;  on	&#13;  a	&#13;  map,	&#13;  but	&#13;  each	&#13;  of	&#13;  these	&#13;  physical	&#13;  elements	&#13;  
reflects	&#13;  how	&#13;  a	&#13;  community	&#13;  creates	&#13;  and	&#13;  uses	&#13;  its	&#13;  public	&#13;  and	&#13;  
private	&#13;  spaces.	&#13;  Maps	&#13;  help	&#13;  us	&#13;  understand	&#13;  what	&#13;  matters	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  
people	&#13;  who	&#13;  live,	&#13;  work,	&#13;  and	&#13;  play	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  town	&#13;  or	&#13;  city.	&#13;  The	&#13;  maps	&#13;  
displayed	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  exhibit	&#13;  and	&#13;  online	&#13;  give	&#13;  a	&#13;  taste	&#13;  of	&#13;  some	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  
most	&#13;  enduring	&#13;  features	&#13;  of	&#13;  civic	&#13;  life	&#13;  –	&#13;  including	&#13;  schools	&#13;  and	&#13;  
voting	&#13;  districts,	&#13;  parades,	&#13;  and	&#13;  parks.	&#13;  

A	&#13;  walk	&#13;  through	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  today	&#13;  reveals	&#13;  glamorous	&#13;  
buildings	&#13;  of	&#13;  distinct	&#13;  styles	&#13;  that	&#13;  range	&#13;  from	&#13;  simple	&#13;  red	&#13;  brick	&#13;  
facades	&#13;  to	&#13;  decadent	&#13;  Victorian	&#13;  mansions	&#13;  and	&#13;  even	&#13;  southern	&#13;  
antebellum	&#13;  porches	&#13;  that	&#13;  make	&#13;  you	&#13;  question	&#13;  how	&#13;  a	&#13;  hint	&#13;  of	&#13;  
southern	&#13;  hospitality	&#13;  made	&#13;  it	&#13;  so	&#13;  far	&#13;  north.	&#13;  Fine	&#13;  dining	&#13;  is	&#13;  
everywhere	&#13;  you	&#13;  turn,	&#13;  and	&#13;  a	&#13;  horse	&#13;  will	&#13;  always	&#13;  be	&#13;  displayed	&#13;  to	&#13;  
remind	&#13;  you	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  track.	&#13;  Behind	&#13;  the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  current	&#13;  lively	&#13;  
atmosphere	&#13;  of	&#13;  health,	&#13;  history,	&#13;  and	&#13;  horses	&#13;  lies	&#13;  a	&#13;  complex	&#13;  history	&#13;  
of	&#13;  urban	&#13;  development.	&#13;  Changes	&#13;  in	&#13;  planning	&#13;  maps	&#13;  dating	&#13;  from	&#13;  
the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  earliest	&#13;  years	&#13;  to	&#13;  today	&#13;  reveal	&#13;  how	&#13;  maps	&#13;  since	&#13;  the	&#13;  
1800s	&#13;  have	&#13;  shaped	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  into	&#13;  what	&#13;  it	&#13;  is	&#13;  today.	&#13;  

Maps,	&#13;  Tourism	&#13;  and	&#13;  Travel	&#13;  
Since	&#13;  the	&#13;  1830s,	&#13;  when	&#13;  trains	&#13;  began	&#13;  to	&#13;  deliver	&#13;  summer	&#13;  visitors,	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs’	&#13;  growth	&#13;  and	&#13;  development	&#13;  moved	&#13;  in	&#13;  lock	&#13;  
step	&#13;  with	&#13;  ground	&#13;  transportation.	&#13;  Maps	&#13;  reveal	&#13;  how	&#13;  Broadway	&#13;  
retains	&#13;  its	&#13;  role	&#13;  as	&#13;  the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  spine,	&#13;  despite	&#13;  efforts	&#13;  by	&#13;  developers	&#13;  
to	&#13;  entice	&#13;  visitors	&#13;  away.	&#13;  They	&#13;  also	&#13;  track	&#13;  today’s	&#13;  familiar	&#13;  routes	&#13;  
–	&#13;  9,	&#13;  29	&#13;  and	&#13;  50—from	&#13;  a	&#13;  network	&#13;  of	&#13;  trails,	&#13;  roads	&#13;  and	&#13;  rail	&#13;  tracks.	&#13;  
Dreamers	&#13;  from	&#13;  real	&#13;  estate	&#13;  developers	&#13;  and	&#13;  civic-­‐minded	&#13;  
residents	&#13;  to	&#13;  city	&#13;  planners	&#13;  and	&#13;  college	&#13;  professors	&#13;  map	&#13;  
transportation	&#13;  and	&#13;  tourism	&#13;  to	&#13;  imagine	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  future.	&#13;  

	&#13;  

Tourist,	&#13;  urban	&#13;  development,	&#13;  and	&#13;  transportation	&#13;  maps	&#13;  
provide	&#13;  complementary	&#13;  sides	&#13;  of	&#13;  a	&#13;  story	&#13;  about	&#13;  the	&#13;  city’s	&#13;  
plans	&#13;  for	&#13;  growth	&#13;  and	&#13;  adaptation	&#13;  to	&#13;  changing	&#13;  times.	&#13;  

�	&#13;  
	&#13;  

	&#13;  

�</text>
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                    <text>Mapping a
City
1915:
Incorporating a City
Early 20th century Saratoga
Springs faced a decline in its
popularity as a resort and
conference destination. Seeking
to reinvent its image and assert
its place as an upstate New
York hub, town leaders started
several projects, working with
state officials, to conserve the
mineral springs and bring the
visitors back.
A defining moment for the
town’s revitalization came with
its incorporation as a city in
1915, which capped a period of
municipal conservation efforts
and a new era of mapping and
zoning. 100 years since the city
charter was signed, this exhibit
tells the city’s origins and
growth through its maps.

Map Stories of
Saratoga Springs
Maps chart the tale of Saratoga
Springs' settlement, establishment as a separate district
within the town of Saratoga in
1819, erection as an independent village in 1826, and receipt
of a city charter from New
York State in 1915.
Maps also reveal what mattered
to visitors and residents: parks
and parking, routes and roads,
attractions and business, land
and buildings, planning and
development, what worked and
what should change.
Saratoga Springs History Museum
1 E Congress St
Saratoga Springs, New York 12866
www.saratogahistory.org
Exhibit Website:
http:://ssmp.skidmore.edu/

250 Years of
Saratoga Springs
History
April - December 2015
Sponsored by
the Alfred Z. Solomon
Charitable Trust
&amp; JIMAPCO

�2
1

Timeline

The Past Through Maps
The citizens of Saratoga Springs, N.Y.,
might think of making a map in order to
influence policy (Figure 1) or of consulting
one to plan a trip or to showcase in homes,
schools and libraries (Figure 2). But maps
also reveal a lot about the communities that
made them--their ideas and values, their
way of seeing the world, their hopes and
dreams. In other words, maps tell stories.
Accessible by Native American trails as
early as the 17th century, the springs of
Saratoga and the settlement that grew
around them began to find their way onto
many kinds of maps--official surveys, city

plans, tourist guides, and real estate brochures with late-18th c. European settlement.
Small-scale and large scale, businesslike or
humorous, black &amp; white or color, these
historical maps provide details or data
about the city's past.
Maps takes us through Saratoga Springs'
history from its origins as a crossroads
between Canada, New York and New
England and a draw for the healing power
of its mineral waters to its present day as a
lively spot for meetings, nightlife, and
recreation.

1777 Battle of Saratoga
1789 Gideon Putnam arrived in
Saratoga Springs
1791 Saratoga County established
1803 Putnam’s Boarding House
built
1819 Saratoga Springs becomes a
district, town of Saratoga
1824 United States Hotel opens
1826 Saratoga Springs Village
Charter
1833 First steam locomotive to
Saratoga Springs
1863 Racetrack opens
1893 Convention Hall opens
1911 Racetrack closes for two
seasons
1913 Village Park – later
Congress Park – opens
1915 City Charter adopted by NY
State Legislature
1918 Saratoga County Chamber
of Commerce forms
1923 First zoning map
1951 Saratoga Springs casinos
closed
1963 Northway (I-87) opens
1966 Saratoga Performing Arts
Center opens
1984 City Center opens
2004 Saratoga Gaming &amp;
Raceway opens
2015 Centennial of City Charter

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