4
40
755
-
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14410cbb281594ab1cd34874307cf618
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Lester, Willard
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1903
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1903
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
"In LOC stamp: 'Two copies received...Copy B'"
"Below map: 'Lester Brothers, Real Estate Brothers, 377 Broadway, Saratoga Springs, N.Y.'"
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This map depicts downtown Saratoga Springs as well as the expanding streets around downtown. The size of the city is noticeably different from that depicted in 19th century maps. Detailed paths of the numerous railroads running through Saratoga Springs at the time are noted, as well as hotels and points of interest (schools, churches, recreation etc.).
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
City Plan
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Transportation
Property and Development
Education
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Adirondack R.R. (N.Y.)
Armory (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Boston and Maine Railroad (B&M Railroad)
Church-- Baptist
Church-- Catholic
Church-- Congregational
Church-- Episcopal
Church-- Methodist
Church-- Presbyterian
Compass rose
Congress Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Convention Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation (D &H, R.R.)
Grand Union Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Greenridge Cemetery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Hudson Valley R.R. (N.Y.)
Iconography--race track
Kensington Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Post Office (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Public works (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)-- water works, water supply
Railroad Place (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Racecourse (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Corporation Line
Saratoga Springs Public Schools (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Temple Grove Seminary (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Town Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
United States Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Woodlawn Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Worden Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Windsor Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
YMCA (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Congress Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Empire Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Hathorn Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
High Rock Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Loughberry Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Magnetic Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Patterson Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Red Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Subject - Organization
Names of individuals associated with the item. Please put "Tje" at the end:
University of Chicago Press, The
Lester Brothers
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
Lester Brothers
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
600 feet to 1 inch
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Deirdre Schiff
Allie Smith
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1903
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1903
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
17' 'x 22''
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/12/2014
3/26/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of a portion of Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
POLYGON((-8211068.5100698 5326697.8248027,-8212157.7377227 5326621.3877745,-8212176.8469798 5327557.7413708,-8214489.0670851 5327194.6654865,-8214603.7226275 5321958.7290497,-8211355.1489258 5322283.5864199,-8211049.4008127 5326716.9340598,-8211106.7285839 5326697.8248027,-8211030.2915556 5326716.9340598,-8211068.5100698 5326716.9340598,-8211068.5100698 5326697.8248027))|13|-8213648.2597741|5324664.1818356|osm
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1903
20th century
churches
hotels
outline
railroads
springs
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/8278aa9ac2286d7d463cbe8f60a87312.jpeg
de8d69030943256d0871fd5c5c6c5223
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Charles F. Dowd
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1903
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Charles F. Dowd: <em>A Narrative of His Services in Originating and Promoting the System of Standard Time...</em> Charles N. Dowd, ed. (New York: The Knickerbocker Press, 1930)
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/5f61b98f8c37d520a38702654080427d.png
e8e12ac837196d18d25155a1afdfd357
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Samuel J. Mott
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1903
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<em>Just for Fun</em> [1906]
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/608c742037b07ba5625e19f4749c1adf.jpg
c6ba55961caef8e92caf5856cf3389cb
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Saratoga County
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Photo
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Zack Kouli
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
9 May 2021
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Brookside Museum, Saratoga County Historical Society (Ballston Spa, N.Y.)
URL
Brookside Museum, <a href="https://brookside.pastperfectonline.com/photo/2B199D6E-4BB1-4830-823E-220886546766">https://brookside.pastperfectonline.com/photo/2B199D6E-4BB1-4830-823E-220886546766</a>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Railroad Station
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1903
Description
An account of the resource
Postcard of The Ballston Spa Railroad Station in 1903..
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/951ff4f88bce98ad5f47ba932576fd94.jpg
54f662f5622b7d83159df62c0a5b0334
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Saratoga County
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Grace Beneke
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Brookside Museum, Saratoga County Historical Society (Ballston Spa, N.Y.)
URL
Brookside Museum, <a href="https://brookside.pastperfectonline.com/photo/029144D6-CE54-4391-B664-853063447573">https://brookside.pastperfectonline.com/photo/029144D6-CE54-4391-B664-853063447573</a>
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
07 May 2021
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
"The Finish" at Saratoga Race Course, Saratoga, N.Y.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1906
Description
An account of the resource
View of finish of a horse race at Saratoga race track. Men in straw hats. Color lithograph.
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/7d9378c42ba1dff14e215bad345bd3a4.jpg
1817896c2e4e7b7c977a9e7aa873770a
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d8888ff7d5f786c744a532185ae8f73e
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086e8573b9ad2c43620f15d16df29f5b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Organization
Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map).
G.A.R., Entertainment Committee of the Forty-First Encampment of the
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1907
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1907
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1907
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1907
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
Issued by the Entertainment Committee of the Forty-First National Encampment of the G.A.R., to be held in Saratoga Springs, N.Y., Sept. 9 to 16, 1907.
Upper left-hand Corner lists:
Points of Interest.
(See Red Key Figures Below.)
1. Presbyterian Church.
2. Town Hall.
3. United States Hotel
4. Worden Hotel
5. Baptist Church
6. Methodist Church.
7. Bethesda Parish.
8. Grand Union Hotel
Upper Right Hand Corner
Points fo Interest.
(See Red Key-Figures Below.)
9. Episcopal Church.
10. Congress Hall Hotel.
11. Second Baptist Church.
12 Second Presbyterian Church.
13. Convention Hall (Headquarters G.A.R.)
14. Catholic Church.
15. Windsor Hotel.
16 Disbandment
The Woodlawn Park area of the map shows the place of formation for an "Afternoon Parade, Commencing at 2 P.M. Sept. 11, 1907".
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
A map of the 1907 GAR Parade route, starting at Woodlawn Park and indicating the order of the state delegations, passing the grandstand across from Congress Park, and ending at the disbandment area. The parade route appears in red. The G.A.R. was an organization Grand Army of the Republic celebrating the veterans of the civil war.
Like the regatta route maps, this is one of a handful of maps celebrating particular events and movements.
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
City Plan
Road maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Civic Life
Religion and Spirituality
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Race Course (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
United States Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Grand Union Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation (D &H, R.R.)
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation (D &H, R.R.)-- depot
Post Office (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Church-- Presbyterian
Adirondack R.R. (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
City Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Church-- Episcopalian
Church-- Baptist
Worden Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Grand Union Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Skidmore College (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Church-- St. Peters
Masonic Temple (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Transportation--trolley station
Transportation--railroad
Convention Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Greenridge Cemetery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
springs
schools
compass rose
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
[Saratoga Springs]
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Jordana Dym
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
8/17/2014
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of Saratoga Springs with principal streets and points of interest issued by the entertainment committee of the Forty-First National Encampment of the G.A.R., to be held in Saratoga Springs, N.Y., Sept. 9 to 16, 1907.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1907
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Entertainment Committee of the Forty-First National Encampment of the G.A.R
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
||||osm
Saratoga Springs, NY
Description
An account of the resource
Most maps show us a static moment in time; the G.A.R. parade map shows an event and suggests movement . An arrow hand points to where the parade starts, at Woodlawn Park. Major attractions along the parade route are included, including churches, hotels, the town hall, and the Convention Hall, which is described on the map as the G.A.R. headquarters
civic life
Civil War
GAR
map
parade
veterans
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/659bbd9b5bd45785c6b937dc54d93fdb.jpg
ebdf04cb69ee089084c0ec9b7be9cbd6
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
photograph
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Jordana Dym
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
2/8/2015
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
September 11, 1907
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1907
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Civic Life
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
The Saratoga Springs History Museum (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
1907 GAR Parade
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1907
-
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73806a0e7a833a4cf8415f68ee5538a6
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Harry T. Burleigh 150th Commemoration
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Interviewer
The person(s) performing the interview
Clara-Sophia Daly
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed
Slim Shady
URL
Courtesy Historical American Sheet Music, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Duke University, <a title="Burleigh's Deep River, 1907 arrangement" href="http://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/scriptorium/sheetmusic/n/n06/n0694/n069">RBR Music 694 </a>
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
J. Dym
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
29/11/2016
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Burleigh’s Arrangement of Deep River (first page).
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1907
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Burleigh, Harry Thacker
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
sheet music
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/ad80273b52a5c747b6afefe310d36964.png
0cc8db1899b15ab25b8a36fcfa8951a9
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Harry T. Burleigh 150th Commemoration
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Burleigh as musical director of St. George’s Minstrel Show, 1906
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1907
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Program for the 1907 St. George's Minstrel Show
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Appears in Jean Snyder, <em>Harry T. Burleigh: from the Spiritual to the Harlem Renaissance</em>, University of Illinois Press, 2016. Original in the author's collection.
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/dc5d80c91304b255e4aee5497b902107.jpg
41569b33067afc115d08bf9dfe24bea1
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Saratoga County Fair
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1907-1910
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Brookside Museum
Description
An account of the resource
Crowd scene at Saratoga County Fair, Ballston Spa. Sign on tent: "EXHIBIT AARON WOOD BALLSTON SPA NY" Corner of track visible.
ballston
Ballston Spa
county
crowd
fair
Saratoga County
saratoga county fair
saratoga fair
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/631ee31aa2fbccb4e6932e47c2a6d361.jpg
c5faee8ebb214cb224650df29fe0eb88
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Harry T. Burleigh 150th Commemoration
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
A photograph of Sissieretta Jone, known by her stage name Black Patti, a clasically trained soprano who performed with her troupe, the troubadors, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Original in the J. Willis Sayre Photographs collection, University of Washington Libraries, via digital public library of america (DPLA.org)
URL
http://cdm16786.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/sayre/id/7742
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
J. Dym
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
27/11/2016
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Marceau
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1909
Title
A name given to the resource
Black Patti, Stage singer
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
photograph
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/a84715d59234c146f27da82d7e12d1d0.jpg
633192f6f7607a1124c04272bf6c59c4
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Saratoga County
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Mattie Saulnier
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/5/21
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Brookside Museum, Saratoga County Historical Society (Ballston Spa, N.Y.)
URL
<a href="https://brookside.pastperfectonline.com/photo/1E96980A-E06B-443E-AF09-454931592154">https://brookside.pastperfectonline.com/photo/1E96980A-E06B-443E-AF09-454931592154</a>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
President Taft on boat
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1909
Description
An account of the resource
President Taft on board a cruising boat on Lake Champlain.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Jesse Sumner Wooley
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Brookside Museum
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/7958d462d132e56b797db394a2cd1b13.jpg
893a69a6dacbe731a6f8e7bdec9617ab
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Mattie Saulnier
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/5/21
URL
https://www.structuremag.org/?p=1541
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Waterford Bridge Fire
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1909
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/5c682db3222feb551806704d4ce29959.jpg
6cc61e434b7505da06bb000883e77b92
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Mattie Saulnier
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/5/21
URL
https://www.asce.org/project/waterford-(union)-bridge-(replaced-in-1909)/
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
New Waterford Bridge
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1909
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/07466f49e8c0ef0582b10c124b0871c6.jpg
fbb5847b73da2d7ea1bf5eb80e9fbc3c
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Photo of Downtown Stillwater
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1910
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Brookside Collectio
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Brookside
buggy
everyday life
Photography
stillwater
store
tourism
town
trolly
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/f7e0070ca85e9366f39b15f56b9e87fa.jpg
039256cfce743162383615bfc247ce24
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Anthony, Charles
Creator - Organization
Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map).
State Reservation Commission
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
Dec. 1914
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1914
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
January 1915
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1915
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This map is part of a three map series that the State Reservation Commission included in their 6th Annual Report to communicate what lands they had acquired for planning future park development and springs conservation. This map focuses on the downtown Broadway area of Saratoga Springs.
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
Neighborhood/District
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Color maps
Property maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Environment and Conservation
Property and Development
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Boston and Maine Railroad (B&M Railroad)
Compass rose
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation (D &H, R.R.)
Hudson Valley R.R. (N.Y.)
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Columbian Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Emperor Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Hathorn Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
High Rock Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
High Rock Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Patterson Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Peerless Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Putnam Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Red Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Royal Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
200'= 1"
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Deirdre Schiff
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
3/9/2015
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
37 x 67 cm.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of a part of Saratoga Springs made by the State Reservation Commission under the direction of the Consulting Engineer
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1914
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
6th Annual State Reservation Commission Report
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Anthony, Charles
Ziegler, J.
Language
A language of the resource
eng
map
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/8c9aa587ee4662b55228c56ccd5293bb.jpg
fdd3a49090735cdb4b43b09ffcefaa7d
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
photo
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Sewing Kit
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1914
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Brookside Museum
Description
An account of the resource
Black leather-backed, four-pocket, fold-and-tie sewing kit containing 10 straight pins.
Used by Ralph B. Post, the donor's husband, while serving in the Medical Corps during World War I. Post was a doctor for many years in Ballston Spa.
bag
medical
medicine ralph b post
sewing kit
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/df5a4722b66986bbaef300562a9c60b7.pdf
8c4985f31d4d08c7b84076ec873e4b71
PDF Text
Text
F
129
l^.J^'^^
1915
Se+ 1
STATE OF NEW YORK
Annual Report
Sixth
OF THE
COMMISSIONERS
OF THE
State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
\9\5
TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE JANUARY
ALBANY
J.
B.
LYON COMPANY, PRINTERS
1915
6,
1915
��STATE OF NEW YORK
Annual Report
Sixth
OF THE
K.v.%AUvt.)COMMISSIONERS
^
OF THE
State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
19J5
TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE JANUARY
ALBANY
J.
B.
LYON COMPANY, PRINTERS
1915
6,
1915
�D. Of D*
UN
24
19
5
�State of New York
1^0.
9
AT E
IN S KN
January
Annual Report
of
Commissioners
the
of
1915
6,
State
the
Reservation at Saratoga Springs
To
the
Honorable the Legislature:'
The Commissioners
Springs
respectfully
the
of
make
;
.
State
report
Reservation
of
at
Saratoga
proceedings
their
since
January, 1914.
In their report of that date they made urgent request for the
appropriation of the
sum
of $350,000 to provide funds for the
acquisition of additional properties then
to
known
to
be needed and
provide for the deficit in the original appropriation caused by
the accumulation of interest and expenses incident to acquisition,
amounting
to
more than $100,000.
for the appropriation of the
sum
They
also
made urgent
request
of $100,000 to carry forward
vigorously " the further investigation and expert study of the
various aspects of the problem committed to this Commission and
for the proper maintenance, administration
and protection
of the
properties taken and the supplying of free service to the public."
Of
the $100,000 requested, only $10,000 was provided by the
passage of an emergency
act.
duced in the Legislature
The remainder
of $90,000
$50,000, an appropriation
was
re-
bill
for
which sum passed both houses but was vetoed by the Governor.
In
to
place of the $350,000 requested to provide for the deficit as above
[3]
�State Eeseevation at Sakatoga Spkings
4
stated
and the acquisition of further property, $235,000 of bonds
were appropriated
fo^r
the general purposes of
tJie
Eeservation as
set forth in the request for
$100,000 above referred to and for the
acquisition of property and for the deficit.
This reduction of $205,000, or nearly half of the necessary
amount requested by the Commission, has seriously imi^eded the
work of the Commission during the past year. They were, in consequence, unable to
first
importance
were they free
make
to the
to
acquisition of certain properties of the
proper development of the Reservation, nor
plan for such vigorous prosecution of the work
of development as W'as desirable because they thought
to
it
necessary
hold in reserve funds to meet any unexpected emergency.
This emergency actually arose when the European war so suddenly developed conditions that
greatly increase the
demand
will,
it
is
the mineral waters of Saratoga Springs.
ditional facilities for baths then
hasten and
more varied use of
believed,
for the fuller and
The
provision of ad-
became the most urgent claim
upon the Commission.
The improvements in the one small bath house owned by the
State, formerly known as " The Magnetic Bath House," were made
_
as proposed in the last
annual report, so that the limited
facilities
were brought in line with the better modem practice
which our investigations disclosed. This is now called " The High
offered there
Rock Bath House,"
as
and
proper historic relation to
also as
having
a
more
in accord with the facts of the case,
its
location
the source of the mineral water used in these baths.
business during the last
summer showed an
and
to
The bath
increase of 40 per cent
over the previous season, which was very satisfactory in view of
the moderate equipment.
Stenstrom,
who
is
This plant was leased to Mr. Oscar R.
technically well equipped and has given
much
satisfaction as a practical bath director.
Mr. Stenstrom also leased the " Saratoga Baths " from the
owner, Mr. Harry M. Levengston, with an agreement to utilize
therein the State waters under the supervision of the director and
the engineer of the Reservation.
This agreement gave opportunity
for acquiring valuable additional knowledge of the conditions and
make necessary experiments and obserThe knowledge thus acquired will bo of the utmost serv-
enabled the Commission to
vations.
�Report of the Commissioners
5
and advantage in preparing plans for the construction of the
new bath house. The Commission are now convinced that it is of
ice
immediate importance to the State that this property known as the
" Saratoga Baths " should be acquired as a part of the ReservatioiL
It is so situated with
reference
to
mineral springs and the
the
property where the principal bath house should be constructed as
to
make
most necessary
it
to the
They
in developing these waters.
that the
completion of the State's purpose
believe the State fortunate in
Commission have secured from Mr. Levengston an offer
property to the State for an amount which is consider-
to sell this
ably less than half the
sum
it
cost
him
to
build
of this offer will also settle the claim of
it.
The acceptance
Mr. Levengston against
the State for mineral water rights taken in 1911.
The engineer
Commission finds it practicable to bring this plant up-to-date
in its equipment for giving mineral water baths by a moderate
The Commission
expenditure for the necessary improvements.
of the
respectfully urges that at a very early date funds be provided to
take advantage of the option to purchase this property, so that the
improvements required
pleted by the
this property
month
is
of
to
put
it
in proper condition
may
be com-
The amount necessary to improve
the request of the Commission for the
May.
included in
appropriation of $75,000 for maintenance, improvement and de-
This amount
velopment.
is
an increase beyond the $59,000 named
in the budget submitted in ISTovember to the Comptroller, because
the option
it
from Mr. Levengston was secured
was necessary
to file the
after the date
when
budget with the Comptroller.
Very many indications have convinced your Commission that
there will be a great number of people desirous of taking the mineral water cures in Saratoga Springs during the season of 1915,
provided there are the necessary
These people have
facilities.
heretofore been in the habit of taking such cures in the
resorts,
and
will be unable for various reasons to visit such spas in
1915, whether the war shall continue or not.
mand seemed
that they
European
to
deemed
facilities the
your Commission
it
obligatory
This probable de-
of such imperative character
upon them
to utilize for additional
building of the Lincoln Spring Company, which was
acquired when that property was taken by the State as necessary
to the control of the
mineral water basin and
to
stopping the pump-
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
6
The
ing of the waters for the separation of the gas from them.
building
is a
good wooden structure, being 205 feet in length, with
steam boilers and smoke-stack already
an opportunity
installed, so that
minimum
to develop, at a
accommodating several hundred patients
The construction
a
expense, facilities for
day with mineral
be simple and economical
will, of course,
offered
it
;
baths.
but
it
will be good and of the most approved type as regards the hygienic
and therapeutic
equipment.
efficiency of the
It
is
the
judgment
and the
of the Commission that this utilization of the building
would in any case have
an early date in order to provide accommodations
mineral waters in the ground around
been desirable
at
it
at the lowest prices possible for the great population of farmers,
artisans
and
others,
who would not be
able to avail themselves of
the luxurious facilities necessary to be provided for those
accustomed to take the cures in Europe,
non-mineral water
surrounding
swimming
is also
A
who
fine quality of
are
pure
available in the upper strata of the land
this building.
The equipment
therefore will include
pools and full use of the fresh water as well as the
mineral waters.
The building
is
situated in
what
is
knowm
as
Lincoln Park, of the State Reservation, about sixty acres in extent,
including some six acres covered with a mature growth of pine
which provide the very desirable adjunct of groves, carpeted
with pine needles, where patients can take the Oertel exercises,
trees
which are an important factor in the bath treatment for
and heart
affections.
paths and the planting
arterial
The preparation of the necessary roads and
to make this park a proper environment of
the bath house have been pushed as rapidly as possible during the
and the results warrant the assurance that during the coming
season there will be an attractive surrounding to an excellent bath
house, which will enable those who may come to receive in comfort
fall,
the benefit of the healing waters the State has acquired.
The whole
outlay for this equipment, including the fresh water plant and
pumping station, and two swimming pools, one
for women, will be within the sum of $25,000.
the bulk of the land in this
for
men and one
During the
fall
park has been forested, and paths and
roads lined with larger trees.
In one portion of the tract alfalfa
will be planted next spring,
it
practical farmers that the soil
being the judgment of certain
is promising for such a crop and
�Report of the Commissionees
7
may become an
important object
lesson to the citizens of the State in connection
with the nearby
that its utilization at this point
Nursery of the State Forestry Department located in Geyser Park
of this Reservation, which annually provides some millions of
pine and spruce transplants for farmers and others.
The reasons given above for the immediate equipment of this
building add emphasis to the urgent recommendation of the Commission in the report of last year
fund
sufficient
that
to build a first-class
State appropriate a
the
modern bath house
be thoroughly up-to-date in every particular and in
that shall
respects
all
The
sum of
able to compete with the attractions offered in foreign resorts.
Commission has placed in their budget a request for the
$350,000
construct
to
now
a portion of such a bath house, to be of
one-half the size of that which in their judgment
sary for the State to have in due time.
have funds to acquire the entire block
it
will be neces-
The Commission did not
which they deem to be
necessary for such a bath house, but were able to acquire at a low
figure one-half of the block,
located immediately opposite the
beautiful village park (Congi-ess Park)
block that
it is
The Commission were without
house.
;
and
on this half-
it is
proposed to construct a portion of the new bath
sufficient
funds to pre-
pare the plans and model of the bath house needed, as was recom-
mended
in last year's report.
The engineer
of the
Commission
has, however, prepared preliminary plans for the portion of the
building
now
proposed, and the State Architect will
it is
hoped
prepare a perspective drawing of said building, so that the Legislature
may
gested.
be able to appreciate the more readily what
It is not
recommended
that the
Commission
is
sug-
shall be
confined to this preliminary suggestion, but that they shall be
free to take advantage of the fuller study of this problem which
will be given
by the
State Architect.
architect,
They cannot
who
shall later be chosen
too strenuously urge that there be
no delay in making the appropriation for
they
deem
it
by the
this construction,
as
important that the foundations and walls of this new
structure should be under process of erection during the
summer
of 1915.
There has been acquired during the year only a small part of
the additional 2>roperty needed by the State because of the lack of
�State Resekvation at Saratoga Springs
8
available funds.
due to Miss C. L. Huston, of Philadelphia,
acknowledgment should be made by the CommisIt is
that this formal
sion, of her noble public interest in
making purchase at her own
now held by
the State for the proposed bath house.
The Commission waswithout fund's at that time to acquire the property, which was
then obtainable at a low valuation, and feared the purchase by interests that might begin the construction of buildings that would
risk, in the fall of
1913, of the half-block of ground
result in largely increased cost to the State at a later date.
property
is
This-
so manifestly a part of the proper site for the bath
house, that it was a notable gain to have this risk eliminated. MissHuston made no profit whatever, but was at considerable incon-
venience during the
erty
was
talcen over
many months
and
finally
of ownership, before the prop-
paid for by the State.
Other small properties acquired enabled the completion of
the-
connection between the Lincoln Park and the Geyser Park tracts,
by the construction of a promenade sixty feet in width, extending,
one mile in a straight
line.
This promenade has been planted with
four rows of white pine trees and
is to
be reserved for pedestrians
and for occupants of wheel-chairs, where the necessary exercise
and open air may be obtained, away from the usual dust of road
travel.
A property of about six acres, needed for the above and tocomplete the Geyser Park entrance and
enable the closing of a
to
second grade crossing of the four railroad tracks through the park
was acquired.
The
cost of these properties
and some ten
acres,
completing the Lincoln Park, will be moderate, as the values are
small.
A
small tract adjoining the Geyser crossing of the Delaware
Hudson R. R.
&
tracks has been acquired as the location of the
necessary storage house for bottled waters to which the R. R. side
tracks can have direct access for loading.
both the Geyser Central Bottling
Spring Bottling Plant.
This
Works and
is
convenient for
the Soft Sweet
Also several parcels of farm lands neces-
saiy properly to protect the water supply of important springs
will be acquired shortly.
These aggregate some
fifty
acres of
moderate value.
The
Stat-e
also
acquired the property adjoining the Favorite
Spring on Broadway and adjacent
to the
Hudson Valley Trolley
�Report of the Commissioners
Terminal.
ment of
9
This property was necessary for the proper develop-
the park and terminal to be constructed and maintained
by the Hudson Valley Company in connection with a lease negotiated by the Commission with said company, which lease is conditional upon proper track connections being authorized by the village.
is
In the judgment of the Commission
the best for the interests of the State
;
this use of the
property
but, if it should be pre-
vented by the failure of the village authorities to give the necessary consents,
would be the only property owmed by the State
Drink Hall, which is
it
at all available for the construction of the
Its present size is not large
essential to complete development.
enough for the Drink Hall, but
site w^ere obtainable.
cial
value if
it
if
no other
of undoubted
commer-
could be enlarged
The property
is also
the special public use above suggested should not
develop.
The remaining
small property acquired
is
that containing the
United States and Pavilion Springs which, under the control of
the State authorities, ^are already showing improvement in their
mineral contents as a result of the restoration and protection by
The mineral water
the State of the mineral water basin.
the small property adjoining,
also
knowm
rights of
as the Royal Spring, have
been acquired.
There are other properties now known
to
be important
to the
future develojmient of this Reservation, which, in the judgment
of your Commission, should be acquired at an early date in order
to protect properly the
ments which
it is
now
mineral water basin and
make improve-
to
clear are essential to establish permanently
the full use of these waters
and
a
suitable
health
resort.
The
budget submitted asks for $350,000 to cover these and the purchase of the property known as the Saratoga Baths, above
referred
to.
This report has already grown
mission like to
inflict
to a length greater
upon the Legislature and
briefly report that the properties of the State
at as small
an expenditure as possible.
than the Com-
they, therefore,
have been maintained
All the various springs
have received attention and some few have been retubed, as shown
The Hathorn ISTo. 2
in the accompanying report of the engineer.
and Coesa Springs, which are at the southernmost end of the
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
10
Reservation, have been connected with the Geyser Building by
means
of wooden pipes.
The Orend'a Spring is also connected
with this building, in which the Geyser and Minnonebe Spring
waters were already being bottled, so that the handling of the State
mineral waters
is
side track of the
concentrated here.
Delaware
This building
is
close to the
& Hudson Company; and
this will
assure the bottling of these waters at a point where the expense of
cartage of bottles and materials and of the cases of bottled water
to the railroad will
be considerably lessened.
Having thus concentrated
the bottling of these naturally car-
bonated waters, the Commissioners are
now
able to determine that
the State will have a considerable supply of surplus carbonic acid
gas,
which
it
will be able to dispose of after the bottling of these
waters.
It is probable that there may be an income of several
thousand dollars per year from this source, increasing as the sur-
plus of gas from other wells
Anticipating such an
is collected.
opportunity for profit the Commission, in removing the structures
Geyser Park, retained one gasometer and one gas compressing
in
plant.
jSTegotiations are
now under way, and
may be made for
within a few weeks a contract
disposition of this surplus gas
is
it
hoped that
and
the collection
on satisfactory terms.
In order
a
to
recover the waters of the original Congress Spring,
new
is
now being
bore
neer. Professor
cal
drilled
and closed by pipes fastened
culty
may
under the direction of our engi-
Anthony, who found the old bore out of the
in
It
is
believed that this
prove a blessing in disguise as better and more
access will be secured to the vein
mineral water was taken.
new year
it.
It
is
from which
this
report the recovery of the Congress Spring.
Hathorn and other waters,
it is
diffi-
reliable
most famous
hoped that by the early part of the
the drill will reach that vein and that
perience of the slow return
verti-
to
we may
then
In view of the
their original
ex-
strength of the
assumed that when
first
recovered
perhaps be only half its ordinary strength, but we
have no doubt that in time the Congress water will regain its full
this spring will
strength and become one of the most widely distributed of the
and again prove of very gTcat value and profit.
lease to Hathorn & Company has been continued on the
same terms. Although terminable on ninety days' notice, which
State's waters
The
�Report of the Commissioneks
precluded
much
11
show
One-
advertising, the results during the past year
and
a fair increase in sales,
profits increased
50 per cent.
half of the profits, reserved for the State, sufficed to cover the cost
of the free service to the public provided bj
under the terms of the lease and
also
Hathorn & Company
improvements on the State
The Commission have
property authorized by the Commission.
continued the bottling and sale of the mineralized table waters
from the Geyser and Minnonebe Springs, with constant study of
the problems connected with the maintenance of the proper equilibrium between the gas and mineral contents, which it is hoped are
now solved.
The proper marketing
of the waters requires large capital, with
ample funds provided for advertising.
of the
It
had been the expectation
Commission that the summer of 1914 would prove the
proper time to advertise both in Europe and in the United States
for bids to lease for a long period the privileges of bottling
The European war, however,
selling these waters.
situation completely,
direction.
now
It
and no steps have
as yet
and
the
altered
been taken in that
proves well for the State that there was delay
because during the fall months, the Engineer and Chemist were
able to develop several exceptional springs of pure non-mineralized
The
water, without gas, which should be put on the market.
made
analyses
of this water demonstrate that
purest drinking waters
made by many
known and
;
known
the practical use which has been
in fact, all
thusiastic as to its qualities
the well
ranks with the
families and by physicians proves that
strong appeal to the taste
erly marketed.
it
and the
The demand
still
who have used
it
it
are most en-
desirability of having
for such water
is
makes
universal,
it
prop-
some of
waters that are marketed being shipped to both
Europe and Asia, besides being widely distributed throughout
and private residences in the United States. It is believed
hotels
that the proper handling of this water should prove in its
way
as
great a benefit to the public as will the restoration and wide distribution of the mineral waters.
accrue
a
very large
profit
It seems clear that there should
from the proper development of
this additional business, as the gross sales of such waters aggre-
gate millions of dollars each year.
of
I*J"ew
York on the
label,
With
the seal of the State
and the guarantee of the regular
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
12
analysis by the State Chemist
mission showing
among such
the Laboratory of the
iii
should
It has been named "
purity,
its
easily
it
take
first
Complace
The Saratoga Soft Sweet
These springs are located in the Geyser Park
purity of their waters will be thoroughly protected. The
waters.
Spring Water."
where the
Commission have begun the construction of a bottling plant of the
style, which should provide for such demand as may
most approved
develop during the next two years, and enlargement of the plant
The group of springs will be developed in
most attractive manner for proper observation, as it is located
can readily be made.
th-e
close beside one of the paths in the
quented by great numbers of
is
every
reason
to
believe
Geyser Park which will be
fre-
There
visitors
throughout the year.
it will,
in this way, advertise itself
extensively.
The current
business of the Commission in the maintenance of
the State property and the care and development of the
the organization of the engineering
same and
with the necessary
staff,
office
force to further the limited advertising propaganda, has been one
of
much
variety and •continual pressure.
remitting attention at
all
hours from a
numbers, because of the very
strict
It has called
The Commission think
it
proper, therefore, to
to
be prac-
make
refer-
ence to the great devotion to the interest of the State sho\\Ti by
who have been
un-
economy, even called by some
parsimony, which the Commissioners deem necessary
tised.
for
staff quite too limited in
all
associated in this work.
During the year the chemical laboratory has been organized, to
we secured Mr. Herbert Ant, an experienced
chemist, who was in the Department of Health at Albany for several years.
The work of this laboratory will become continually of
more interest and importance.
take charge of which
The Engineering Department
will have, for
some time
to
come,
a great amount of detail to handle in connection with the varied
work which the Commission must undertake, and especially in
connection with the studying out of possible improvements upon
the plans of other State and municipal establishments of like character.
Each new development confirms
the
Commission in their
realization of the good fortune of the State to secure at the proper
time an engineer of such experience and facility in mechanics as
�Report of the Commissioners
also in engineering as Professor Charles G.
13
Anthonj, who has de-
voted to this work a considerable amount of his time as consulting
expert, doing
A year's
been
much
supervisory work as well.
further experience has
difficult for the
work had
their
Commission
made
to
it
clear that
it
would have
have proceeded eifectively with
not secured the services of one so variously
it
equipped by special experience as Dr. Albert Warren Ferris, the
director, has
proved himself to be.
It
was of
have constantly at hand some one upon whose
and character they could unquestionably
We
vital
importance to
ability,
experience
rely.
record with utmost emphasis the inestimable value to the
State of the services rendered by the Hon. C. C. Lester during the
past year, not merely in his capacity of legal adviser but because
of the wholehearted
manner
in which,
from the very beginning,
he has placed his great information respecting
and his
scientific
local conditions
knowledge of the problems encountered
command
of the Commission and
The Commission accepted with
at the
its staif.
regret the resignation of
Irving G. Rouillard, as secretary, who left in
May
course of study for his chosen
We
profession.
fortunate to secure, as his successor, Mr. Louis
to take
deem
Mr.
up the
the State
W. Noland, who
had been for some twelve years associated with the Poland Water
Company. Mr. K'oland's knowledge of the business of distributing
waters has proven of great importance at this particular time in
the development of this feature and should be increasingly valuable
to the
work.
All additional facts and knowledge which the Commission are
able to secure
more than confirm
their confidence in
tlie
great and
assured usefulness and large profit of this Reservation of waters
taken by the State.
These
the proper development
and others now known
to
are, of course,
whoUy dependent upon
by the State of the properties acquired
be necessary, so that they shall be
made
as attractive to those in search of health or recreation as other lik«
resorts.
Success is necessarily bound up with the ability to deal
with the problem broadly and generously as any business organiza-
tion
would
do.
The Commissioners ask
for three-quarters of a mil-
lion dollars to be appropriated this year for the purposes set forth
�State Reseevation at Saratoga Springs
14
in this report.
Tliej have restricted themselves to this
sum
be-
cause of the emphasis that has been placed upon the condition ol
the State finances,
Thej
feel
bound, however, again to
call the
attention of the Legislature to the methods used
in
bj governments
Europe and private corporations in the United States in de-
veloping such resources.
at
the beginning
Their practice
is to
provide ample funds
with which the proposition
may
be
treated
broadly.
It is understood that recent important developments at Green-
6rier Springs in
West Virginia have involved an expenditure
in
excess of $1,000,000 for improvements and attractions offered.
Your Commission have had many comments respecting
trasts
the con-
between the methods of developing property based on
springs in a
community
distant
a
few
from the centres of population,
and the very limited appropriations made by the State of ^ew
to develop what is concededly the greatest collection of mineral springs anywhere to be found.
There is in Saratoga every
York
opportunity for beautiful landscape development at a very moderate expense,
as could be
and the appeal for such outlay
The Commission further
made.
lions of dollars for
of one
improvements of
City of Wiesbaden the
sum
certainly as strong
and again, as
must meet, the appropriation
illustrating the competition the State
by the City of Harrogate, England,
is
recite,
and three-quarter mil-
spring property; by the
its
of ene million for a
new bath house;
by the Kingdom of Bavaria of one and three-quarter million dollars for improvements at Bad Kissingen by the City of Carlsbad
of about two and a half million of dollars and the appropriation
made in the spring of the year 1914, by the 'City of Aachen (Aix
;
;
la Chapelle) ten millions of
marks, or nearly two and a half mil-
improvements to their bathing facilities,
famous for a century past. All of these bathing establishments
pay handsomely. The Commissioners are confident that it would
lion dollars for additional
so
be the truest economy for the Legislature
to
provide now, in one
appropriation, the sum of two million dollars to be used by the
Commission, so far as needed, for the prompt and full utilization
of the resources of the State in the property already taken and for
acquiring other property
now known
to
be needed, and for the
oonstruction of proper buildings and the necessary landscape treat-
�15
Report of the Commissioners
ment
in connection with the
Three Commissioners are
to
development of the grounds and parks.
be appointed by the Governor in Janu-
when the terms of the present Commissioners expire; and
every known fact calls for their being put in control of ample funds
to enter upon a wise, farsighted and prompt carrying forward of
this extremely important work of conservation. The present Comary,
missioners cannot too strongly urge the very early consideration of
this matter as one quite apart from the ordinary question of appropriations for the expense of the
special conditions,
urgent
We
that
created by the great war in Europe, make more
now than heretofore.
recommend most earnestly
sideration
Government and one
the early and favorable con-
by the Legislature of the items submitted in the Budget
for appropriation in a Special Bill:
For the acquisition of additional property
For the construction of a suitable modem bath
house including power house, of one-half the
ultimate
size,
$350,000
on the half-block on Spring street
now owned by the State
For maintenance, development and improvement
350,000
of
the Reservation property, including advertising,
and the work of the engineering and other departments, preparations of plans, etc
75,000
$775,000
The Commissioners beg
the
many
courtesies
to express their hearty appreciation of
and cordial co-operation extended by the Com-
missioner of Health and his deputy and the various members of
They
the staff of that most important department of the State.
beg to express their sense of obligation to the Hon. Lewis F.
Pilcher, State Architect, for his considerate attention to and
also
counsel upon problems of construction which the Commission presented to him. They make record of the enthusiastic expressions
of the Governor respecting his recognition of the importance of
this
work
of conser\'ation.
�State Reseevation at Saratoga Springs
16
The Commissioners submit herewith
the reports of the superin-
tending director, the engineer, the chemist, and the secretary,
of
all
which reports they urge that the members of the Legislature will
read with care.
They
will also submit later,
appended
study
to their report, a
of the hydraulics of the Saratoga mineral water system, written
by their counsel, Hon, Charles C. Lester, embodying some of the
results
and practical importance attained
of scientific interest
by means of the investigations they have instituted and the data
they have collected since they undertook the creation and administration of the State Reservation at Saratoga Springs.
The accounts for December and the year will not be completely
made up until the middle of January, but the Secretary will give
herewith summaries of the financial record of the year.
They beg
to call attention
again to the matter of the deficit of
over $100,000 deducted from the fund for the acquisition of lauds,
for expenses incident to their acquirement, and for interest.
deduction was not contemplated
when there was committed
This
to the
Commission the problem of securing for less than $1,000,000
properties claimed by their owners to be worth in the aggregate twice that sum.
This Commission has since 1912 been
seriously hampered by this deficiency in funds available for taking
property, and the Legislature has on three different occasions
recognized the imperative need of the situation. It voted in 1912
to appropriate for this purpose $100,0€0.
That bill was vetoed
Governor Dix on the ground as he stated that the money was not
by
then needed, although it was his well-known and strong conviction,
expressed in a letter to this Commission, that it was both wise and
necessar)^ to vote this sum.
Again in 1913 the sum of $100,000
was voted by the Legislature for this purpose but was vetoed by
Governor Sulzer with the expectation, as he aftenvard explained,
many
of approving
it
at the extra
session in a deficiency
appended the following language
bill.
He
to his veto:
" This $100,000 appropriation
is
now
disallowed as
it
wa-^
disallowed last year, because the Board of Claims has not
yet been able to try the cases and
it
does not seem probable
that they will reach a decision during the current year.
It is
understood that when the Board of Claims shall reach a
�Repoet of the Commissioners
judgment or decision
17
as to the price to be paid for these
properties, the Legislature will, I believe, appropriate the
funds
to provide the
amount
" Therefore,
money
the
it
and expenses incurred
of interest
by reason of the delay in trying these
cases.
does not seem to be necessary to appropriate
this year.
" I have already signed a reappropriation of over $450,000
for the purposes of adjustment
and payment of claims for
lands and property appropriated by the State at Saratoga
Springs, which seems to be more than
is
likely to be neces-
sary for such agreement on compensation as the Commission
is
likely to reach this year.
" For the reasons stated above, I disapprove the item of
$100,000 contained in section 2 of the
the other portion of the
while approving
bill.
William Sulzer."
"(Signed)
The Legislature
bill,
1914 cut the amount of the bill for a special
sum was voted by the Assembly
and the Senate, but the bill was vetoed by Governor Glynn because
of his general policy of economy and because he thought that the
of
appropriation to $50,000 which
cash was not then needed and that the appropriation could be
safely delayed.
Governor Glynn expressed himself then, and
during the campaign, as heartily in favor of providing
money
that
later
all
the
was needed for the proper development of Saratoga
Springs.
The Commissioners,
therefore, most respectfully urge the im-
mediate passage of a special emergency appropriation for this
purpose.
They
are glad to say that
it
will suffice to appropriate
for this need, instead of cash from the General Fund, the $100,000
of bonds which wall be available on
of the issue
made
March
1,
1915,
when $95,000
for this purpose in 1912 will mature.
will provide for the deficit in the Eeservation land purchase
without making an additional charge upon the General
the State.
They
to facilitate
immediate
Fund
of
drawn by the counsel
action.
Commisprovide amply and in good time for the season of 1915
If this action
sion to
respectfully submit a bill
This
fund
is
taken, the pressing necessity
upon
this
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
18
can be cared for by the immediate acquisition of the building
kno\\Ti as the Saratoga
State.
Baths under the option secured to the
The Legislature can then take
the necessary time to study
and become fully informed respecting the wisdom
the request made for the much larger sums required to enable
the situation
of
The Commembers of the
the State to go forward properly with this great work.
missioners express the earnest request that
Legislature will arrange to
make an
all
the
early visit to the Springs to
study the problem on the ground before taking action on any of
those requests other than the matter of the $100,000 of bonds to
make good
the deficit which the Legislature sought heretofore to
extinguish by several bills which were successively vetoed as
stated.
GEORGE FOSTER PEABODY,
FRANK
I^.
BENJAMIN
GODFREY,
F.
TRACY,
Commissioners.
Saratoga Springs, January
1,
1915.
�Report of the Commissioners
Secretary's Fijstaxcial
19
Memorandum
The accounts for December and the full year, which have not
yet been made up, will be included in detail later in this report.
I give herewith in simunary form the financial status, estimating
the December accounts.
Chapter
Amount
Laws of 1913
of original appropriation, $950,000 of bonds.
Balance, January
Claims
239,
settled
1,
$399,353 28
1914
during 1914
$271,929 75
and miscellaneous
Interest on same,
49,144 87
expenses incident thereto
321,074 62
Balance, January
With
which
1915
1,
meet
to
$78,278 66
unadjusted
claims for land estimated to be
fairly valued at
And
interest accrued in excess of
.
.
.
$170,000 00
8,278 66
178,278 66
Showing
deficit in
land purchase fund of over.
Chapter
252,
.
.
.
$100,000 00
Laws of 1914
Appropriation for general purposes, acquisition of
$235,000 00
land, interest on claims, etc
Expended
to
December
1st,
for re-
new
con-
struction, including Lincoln
Bath
pairs,
House
improvements,
and
Park,
and
general
maintenance, salaries, current ex-
$70,000 00
penses, etc
December estimated expenses, and
construction
and improvements
contracted for but not vouchered
.
,
30,000 00
100,000 00
Balance
$135,000 00
�20
State Reservation at Saratoga Spri^'gs
This amount will be available to acquire the Saratoga Baths
and make the necessary improvements and provide for the current
expense necessities of 1915 provided the $100,000 deficit in land
fund is now appropriated and, later on, further funds to take additional property
known
to be needed.
Original appropriation as voted in 1911 for pur-
chase of property, from the sale of bonds
$950,000 00
Agreed value of property paid for to
January 1,1915
$765,889 75
Estimated value of lands taken but
not settled for (no case having been
decided by Board of Claims) 21
claims; only two tried to January
1,
1915
170,000 00
.
$935,889 75
Agreed and estimated value of
to January 1, 1915
all
lands taken
up
935,889 75
Balance of original fund not used for land purchase
But against
this,
$14,110 25
the State Comptroller has paid
and charged against the fund
interest
and
ex-
penses on the lands paid for at agreed value to
the
amount
This makes a
There
is
105,831 59
of
deficit in the
$91,721 34
fund of
accrued interest on the value of lands not
yet paid for, in excess of
Showing a
deficit
in
the
8,278
land
because of interest accruals of
purchase
Q>^
fund
$100,000 00
This amount of $100,000 was voted by the Legislature to cover
the deficit for interest in 1912 and again in 1913, and was vetoed
in each year, because in the
judgment of the respective Governors
the cash would not be needed in those years to meet payments
due.
�Repokt of the Commissioners
21
would seem imperative that there should be promptly approsum of $1€0,000 to meet the above deficit in the land
purchase fund, inasmuch as claims against this fund will need to
be paid early in 1915 and unless such approproation is made, the
Commission will have no fund available for the acquisition of the
It
priated the
;
building
For the
sion's
known
five
as the Saratoga Baths.
years and seven months of the Commis-
existence,
there
has
appropriated
been
for expenses of organization, salaries, insurance,
improvements,
repairs,
structures
destruction
of
useless
and material, park development and
expert investigations in Europe and America,
also including
new
extent and in
many
construction of considerable
places,
sum
the total
of,
from the general fund of the State
In 1914, for the above and land purchase, the sum
$137,500
235,000
of (from the sale of bonds)
.'
Total
Of
$372,500
•
this total, the expenditures for current
purposes
and construction, including the Lincoln
as above
Baths, for five years and seven months will be.
Leaving apparently available on January
But
237,500
.
$135,000
1
the appropriation for purchase of land shows
a deficit because of deductions for interest and
100,000
expenses not calculated in taking land of
Leaving now available on January
'is
The appropriation
deficit of
$100,000
acquire the building
of $100,000 of bonds
will enable the
known
it,
penses and improvements for probably
6,
now
to
Commission
make good
to
as the Saratoga Baths,
for the necessary improvements to
January
$35,000
only
1,
and
all
to
the
immediately
and
to
pay
meet the current ex-
of 1915.
1915.
LOUIS W. NOLAXD,
Secretary.
�Report of the Superintending Director
To
the Honorable, the Commissioners of the State Reservation at
Saratoga Springs:
Gentlemen:
ment
— The prophetic
and good judg-
vision, sagacity,
of the Legislature of 1909, as well as of his Excellency,
Charles E. Hughes, Governor of the State of
already been completely vindicated
New
York, have
for the operation of the
;
Com-
mission under the provisions of Chapter 569 of the laws of that
year, as slightly
amended from time
to time, has already resulted
in the transformation of Saratoga Springs.
The
aboriginal Saratoga, the Saraghtogha or Saraghtoghie of
the red
man, and
to us
—
at this distance in
Saratoga, dates from a very remote period.
time
— the romantic
Actual history and
enticing legend provide a most interesting narrative if one chooses
to construct it
from available
The appearance
authorities.
of the
oldest Saratoga spring is shrouded in the obscurity of geologic
ages; but
it
aborigines
who camped by
if
is
fairly certain that a iire
was kindled by some
that spring, during the Second Crusade,
over the charcoal remains disclosed at a depth of sixteen feet the
deposition of tufa
Rock spring
was
as rapidly
as in recent time
made
in those days
by Geyser spring.
fascinating to think that while Conrad III., of
by High
It is indeed
Germany, and
Louis VIL, of France, were engaged in their unsuccessful attack
on Damascus, a band of red
ings to the
men were making
propitiatory offer-
Manitou of High Eock spring about the year 1150.
made of the visit of the first white man,
Brief mention should be
as far as
From
we can
conjecture, to the healing Avaters of Saratoga.
the Jesuit Relations
we
learn that a band of
Mohawk
Indians in 1643 brought with them to the Saratoga springs Father
who had been
surprised and taken prisoner by a
Repairing to the " Medicine Waters of the
Great Spirit " with their captive, they rested and secured refresh-
Isaac Jogues,
marauding band.
ment and
restoration
to health
and strength
at
the fountains
whither they had been for ages accustomed to repair for relief
from exhaustion and
disease.
[221
�Eepoet of the Commissioners
23
Saratoga of the olden time was a fashionable resort to which
people came for pleasure of various kinds, incidental to which was
the use of waters to correct errors of the digestive tract, from
many votaries of fashion, devoted to " the pleasures of the
which so
from time to time. People then drank these waters
in order that they might be relieved of their discomforts and
be able to sin again.
It was fashionable to drink a certain
water in the morning, another in the afternoon and sometimes a
table," suffer
third in the evening, simply for the reason that everyone did
The use
of the medicinal waters then available
so.
was desultory and
by caprice and, in a large majority of instances,
Too
without any prescription or suggestion by the physician.
entirely governed
much water was drunk by most people and too many varieties
were drunk in one day. As far as we can learn at the present time
was never recognized, except
the cathartic water as it was tossed
The bath, so arranged as to depend
the value of the carbonic acid gas
as
it
down
gave a pleasant
fillip to
the throat of the guest.
upon the content of the gas remaining in the water when it
It was erroneously
reached the tub, was entirely unknown.
thought that the minerals dissolved in the bathing water were in
some way absorbed by the skin and thus entered the system,
and that they constituted the medicinal feature. It is small
wonder, therefore, that when fickle fashion swung away from
Saratoga, when the opening of new resorts attracted unstable and
volatile minds,
and when increased railroad facilities rendered
equally charming spots, the patronage of
new and
accessible
Saratoga decreased almost to the vanishing point.
Owing
any system of treatand especially owing to the
to the lack of the establishment of
ment for any
special class of diseases,
fact that the
tremendous value of the waters for bathing, when
properly controlled and installed, was not appreciated, there was
clientele coming back year after year to take treatment under the giiidance of physicians here. In fact, Saratoga
was not a health resort, though it possessed for a century the environment and necessary external features, with a vast treasure of
no regular
mineral water in the underground reservoirs not only waiting
to
be developed, but leaping forth into the
examination and use.
air,
and inviting
�24
State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
The
action of jour Commission, under
tlie
intelligent
and
fos-
tering provision of the Legislature, has changed the scenes, so
that the
new Saratoga Springs
rapidly emerging from the
is
which you found it and is expanding into
an attractive resort for the thousands who are in search of health
and pleasure.
chrv&alis condition in
There was no lack of analyses of waters in the olden time;
for several of the physicians of preceding generations
had made
as accurate studies as the limited laboratory facilities of those
days aiforded.
However, the new analyses made under your
direction showed decided changes
of
many
made
of the springs,
from the previous conditions
and now that accurate studies have been
of the use of various waters in various conditions of disease
(close comparisons
having been made with the well known mineral
waters of foreign spas, hitherto, as
it
appears,
little
studied as to
their resembling or identical features), Saratoga Springs
is
pre-
feet above the sea level, a
few
pared to offer definite treatment for definite disorders.
In Wiesbaden, which
miles from the
400
lies
Rhone
river, sheltered from the cold northern
winds by spurs of the well fostered Tauuus moimtains, and fre-
quented as a resort during the entire year, treatments are carried
on
to relieve gout,
sciatica,
rheumatism, various joint disorders, neuralgia,
inflammatory exudates, heart disorders, certain nervous
disorders and some diseases of the kidneys and bladder.
These
are all benefited by the bath treatment.
The " Trink-Kur " is
used in certain affections of the organs of respiration and of the
digestive organs, as well as in gout
Springs
all
and
obesity.
these disorders can be treated after the
In Saratoga
same methods,
with the exception of affections of the respiratory organs.
The
waters at Wiesbaden
are hot, but heat is merely a mechanical con-
which
when artificially supplied above the
when due to combustion or pressure at a
The products of the
orifices of the Springs.
dition,
is
as efficacious
surface of the earth as
point far below the
Wiesbaden Springs are classed as sodium-chloride waters, taking
their name from their principal ingredient, which exists in such
large comparative quantities in the mineral waters of Saratoga,
At Baden-Baden,
est,
situated in the
about 700 feet above sea
Oos Valley of the Black For-
level, there
are about twenty thermal
�25
Eepokt of the Commissioners
springs used for bathing and drinking in the treatment of gout,
rheumatism, catarrhal aftections of the upper
ralgia
and
neuritis,
and
also
'air
passages, neu-
inflammatory deposits, certain ner-
vous conditions, certain skin diseases, as well as reduced vital
energy and imperfect nutrition so often encountered in tardy
convalescence after wasting diseases.
oti'ers
Again, Saratoga Springs
mineral waters exactly as useful, and destined to be as
etr'ective as
the waters of Baden-Baden, though differing in min-
eral constitutents to a certain degree
and lacking entirely the
arsenic salt found in the principal springs of the
of Baden.
Grand Duchy
Excellent paths ascend on various slopes through the
valley, in order that the
Terrain-Kur
may
be employed for the
treatment of obesity and disorders of circulation exactly as the
new paths and climbs throughout
the ravines in Geyser
Park
of
our State Reservation will be employed.
In Nauheim, the majority of patients now treated are suffering
from heart and arterial disorders, although a different method of
employment of the same waters was formerly used for digestive
and joint disorders as well as certain nervous difficulties, before
the application of the waters to the treatment of cardiac disorders
was elaborated or proved.
efficacy to the
The waters
of jSTauheim
owe
their
graduated temperature employed, the carbonic acid
gas in them, the chloride salts in great abundance,
sibly to their radio-activity.
The
and pos-
baths are given in increasing
strength throughout the series, gas and mineral salts being added
to the successive sets
which comprise
The German town
it.
is
situated 448 feet above sea level, on the slopes of the Johannisberg. a spur of the
Taunus mountains.
The
season for invalids
extends from April 16 to October 15, but visitors not unfrequently encounter cold, rainy periods in July.
Subsequently to
their course of baths, patients are sent elsewhere for the " ISTach
Kur
" (the
'^
after treatment"), that they
may
enjoy advantages
ISTatiheim
and scene not obtainable in Nauheim.
enjoys a cool atmosphere mornings and evenings, from the neighboring mountains and has a porous, absorbent soil.
of
climate
comparable with those at
Nauheim. Saratoga Springs occupies a central position on a
plateau about 25 miles square, averaging 300 feet above sea level
iVt
Saratoga Springs
facilities exist
�State Reservation at Saratoga Spri^'gs
26
in the village
and
sand or glacial
its
neigliborliood.
The
soil is
sandy loam,
clay,
and is in general very porous. There is a
large proportion of sunny days and the sky has the blue of the
open country. In 1912, 115 days were partially cloudy and 128
drift,
days were sunny throughout, making a total of 243 days out of
366 days on which the sun shone. In 1913, 101 days were parcloudy and 133 days were sunny throughout, making a total
234 days out of 365 days on which the sun shone. The air is
tially
of
unusually fresh, dry and tonic, owing to the large number of trees
and the fact that the air comes
to
us from the boundary
hills
—
the Kayaderosseras, foot hills of the Adirondacks, and the Palmertown range of the same mountains, together with the Green
Mountains of Vermont
which furnish breezes from either side
and from the North.
Thus one at Saratoga secures the advantages of a mountain climate without enduring the rarification
—
of the atmosphere of a high elevation, a most favorable condition
for cardio-vascular sufferers.
The autumn
is
a beautiful season
sunny days and cool nights, the air
being tonic and bracing almost daily.
There is no necessity
for sending patients elsewhere for the after treatment, since no
undermining or devitalizing agencies interfere with our climatic
in Saratoga Springs, with
conditions.
They remain here
at the close of their course of baths,
some taking a course of resisted movements, as devised by Beneke
and improved by the late August Schott; some taking electrical
treatment some taking graduated and increased walking exercise,
already mentioned as the " Terrain Kur ".
In Kissingen, known as a saline since the year 824, and as a
;
health resort since 1544, situated at the altitude of about 605
feet above the sea level, in the
eastern slope of the
kingdom
Bhone Mountain,
the Saale river, the season lasts
in the charming valley of
from April 15 to October 15;
however, baths are given from the
October.
of Bavaria, on the south-
first
of April to the end of
This resort attracts about 34,000 patients annually,
beside 14,000 other travelers, as estimated.
In
this resort are
treated catarrhal affections of the digestive tract and related dis-
orders including disorders of the liver, also affections of the heart
and blood
vessels, catarrhal affections of the respiratory organs,
residues of inflammation, anaemia, gout, diabetes, obesity,
and
�27
Report of the Commissioners
certain nervous disorders, as well as selected skin diseases
We
aifections of the kidneys.
and
learn from Dr, Paul Haertl, the
accomplished chemist and general scientist holding an official
position at Bad Kissingen, that the waters of Saratoga Springs
are exactly adapted to the treatment of
Marienbad
is
all
the disorders named.
situated at a point 2,200 feet above sea level in
a valley in the northwestern part of Bohemia, opening toward the
south and entirely surrounded by dense pine forests.
groups of
its
springs are
known
The
principal
as alkaline-saline; ferruginous;
mineral-alkaline, " containing larger proportions of calcium and
magnesia carbonates than the others "
;
and a single iron spring,
Marienquelle, described as " poor in solids, but extremely rich in
carbonic acid, and so an ideal means for natural carbonic acid
Marienbad also possesses special bog-earth, or moorThe
earth, which is used for giving its celebrated mud baths.
list of diseases favorably treated at Marienbad compares very
baths".
closely with those that
may
be treated with the equally valuable
waters of Saratoga Springs.
this report to the facilities
we
Keference will be made later in
possess for giving iron-moor baths
with unusually valuable earth.
Ems,
(Page 33.)
situated in the Province of Hesse-Xassau, partly in the
valley of the river
Lahn and
partly
upon the
lofty spur of the
neighboring mountain, has been known as a watering place since
the eleventh century.
The maladies
May 1 to October 1.
Bad Ems are catarrhal affec-
Its season lasts
principally treated at
tions of the respiratory organs
from
and passages, disorders of the
digestive tract and the results of inflammatory processes, as well
as certain forms of kidney disorders and also joint disorders.
Ems
boasts several hot
spring, which
sodium chloride waters, and one cold iron
the authorities in that to^vn describe as " a
acidulated chalybeate water
weak
".
The mineral waters of Saratoga provide agencies which will
accomplish the same results as the waters of Ems, and far surpass Ems in respect to iron springs. At Ems a vacuum evaporation plant
soluble
is
salts,
in
operation which produces a large quantity of
extracted from the mineral waters and compressed
into pastilles, for
home
use, after re-dissolving, for catarrhal diffi-
culties of the respiratory organs
and the digestive
tract.
Experi-
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
28
ments are now being made in our laboratory with the solid constitnents obtained by evaporation of the mineral water, with a
view of possibly producing similar
pastilles.
In Franzensbad, Austria, 1,600 feet above sea level, the most
celebrated mud bath in the world is maintained. Marienbad compares her moor-earth with that of Franzensbad as a standard; as
stated later in this report, the available moor-earth of Saratoga
Springs far surpasses that at either of these foreign localities.
In
Homburg
Taunus Mountains, there are
in the
six cold car-
bonic acid sodium chloride springs, and two iron springs.
To
avoid the weariness of a repetition of a
be
list
of diseases,
it
may
said that the Saratoga Springs waters are fully as efficacious as
those of
Bad Homburg, and
it
may
be added that, since the per-
centage of free carbonic acid gas in our waters far exceeds that in
the waters of
Homburg
Homburg, ours
provides
mud
are destined to be fully as successful.
baths given with a clay impregnated with
as well as the mineral water baths,
iron,
and baths containing
extract of pine needles.
In Karlsbad, Austria, the diseases treated are largely those of
the digestive tract, diabetes, kidney disorders, and joint affections.
ing to
This
is
the most largely frequented
official figures,
though
it
Spa
in
Europe accord-
has been reported that the number
and disturbing features of many of their entertainments and
diversions have resulted in a request by the physicians practicing
in the resort that the authorities should control these diversions so
away
that the drifting of patients
The system
to other
of baths at Karlsbad
Spas
may
be checked.
elaborate but not all the
is
waters contain sufficient gas for the ordinary carbonic acid gas
Therefore, gas
bath.
and
is
collected as
is
it
escapes from the Sprudel
condensed and liquefied and then injected in the tubs in
wdiich the mineral waters baths are given.
Saratoga waters will
fulfill
Karlsbad, although ours are
the same indications as those of
much
less
powerful taken in the same
dosage, and although the laxative ingredients of Saratoga spring
waters are
less drastic
than those of Karlsbad.
stitute a great feature at
Karlsbad and
many
Moor-baths conpatients testify as
to their efficacy.
In Vichy, patients
to the
number
of over 118,000 a year are
�29
Report of the Commissioners
treated for disorders of digestion, affections of the liver, of the
kidney, of the bladder, of the joints, rheumatism in general, cer-
The bath
tain skin affections, diabetes, and anaemia.
ments are very large
establish-
and very luxurious, and thousands of people
repair to this resort for a course of treatment annually.
I am convinced the maladies treated successfully at Vichy may
be treated successfully here, by the studious use of various Sara-
toga spring waters.
Dr. Simon Baruch,
establishment of Vichy,
among many
who
in
1913 visited the
others in order to report
your Commission, was impressed with the resemblance of Saratoga Hathorn Spring !N^o. 2 in its flavor and efiiicacy to the
to
Grrande Grille of Vichy.
Bearing in mind our possession of the
Geyser and Minnonebe waters, both with predominating alkalinity, a system of treatment fairly comparable with that at Vichy
is
perfectly possible.
there lies before us just opened a vista of future, if not
immediate, usefulness to suffering mankind coming to us from
Thus
not only our
and Europe.
ing which
land, but also the countries of South
own
America
It is the experience of every foreign spa concern-
we can
get accurate knowledge of financial returns, that
the Governmental control of springs for medical purposes
lucrative,
and that the income from these sources
increasing.
The
may be
where for many
increase in the
number
very
constant and
of patients visiting such
studied in the case of
a resort
is
is
Nauheim
for instance,
years special care was taken to refuse patients
who could not be
as a
result of
benefited by the treatment offered at this spa,
which practice confidence was augumented and
patronage was considerably increased directly, until the number
of patients taking treatment at that spa in 1912
whom
was 35,000, of
1,600 came from America.
Not only are the resources of Saratoga now made available,
through the action of the Legislature and Governor already mentioned, but the field of usefulness is rapidly
years of close competition and strenuous
men and women who
widening during these
life.
should be in the prime of
The numbers of
but who suffer
life,
a great lowering in their efficiency and their capacity for enjoy-
ment because of the impairment
an alarming
rate, especially in
of vital organs, are increasing at
our great
cities.
Recently " wel-
�State Reseevatio:n at Saratoga Springs
30
work "
fare
lias
been instituted among thousands of emj^loyees
of our large manufacturing establishments, in order that the ordi-
nary facts concerning housing, food, work, recreation,
may be taught to a
may preserve their
cation, etc.,
employees
real value to their
rest,
edu-
certain degree, to the end that the
efficiency longer,
and may be of
employers throughout the entire part of their
life, which in most cases is devoted to labor.
Xor is the impairment of functions or disease of vital organs laigely confined to the
or mechanic,
.artisan
Fully as
many
instances are encountered in thousands whose
lies largely in fields of
in banks.
age, in
or the general employee of the factory.
mental
one bank 100 per
efficiency,
such as clerks and
work
officers
Recent examinations show that a very large percent-
chronic disease of such
many
activity,
a
cent., of the clerks
and
officers
show
character as greatly to limit their
and of such a gravity
as to be
beyond
cure.
of these prospective invalids could have been prevented
Very
from
reaching a point of incurability, had they been treated properly
and earh^, and many could have been easily cured had the
premonitory symptoms been recognized and regarded.
The
first
" Cures " to be offered at Saratoga Springs are of such
a character and variety as to meet most of the difficulties existing
in those suffering
from commencing invalidism,
to
which allusion
has been made, either as palliatives or partial restoratives, operating so as to lengthen the
life
and increase the comfort of the
persons permanently impaired, or to assist nature in effecting an
absolute cure.
The
fact that such a possibility is
now opened
for suffering
humanity should be a cause of great congratulation for the Legislature and the Governor, who made it possible for a conscientious, devoted' and intelligent Commission to accomplish the
To the Legislators and Executive,
must be given a share of the credit which is hereafter in
report ascribed to the members of your honorable Board.
results
thus far attained.
therefore,
this
A
review of the progress and achievements of the State Reser-
vation at Saratoga Springs during the past year inevitably leads
an appreciation of the wise methods adopted throughout the
early formative period, during which conditions were studied;
rights, titles and interests were carefully weighed; and plan? were
to
�31
Eepokt of the Commissionees
adopted and elaborated.
Had
it
not been for the wise counsel
and deliberate advance that contributed to lay broad foundations
and to commence great developments during the four years preceding 1914, no such results could have been accomplished as
Perhaps the
those of the annual period now drawing to a close.
advances of the closing year are more patent and more convincing than the accomplishments of any earlier year;
if
so,
these
advances were possible only because of a previous broad comprehension of needs and possibilities, a calm and yet forceful handling of many problems, an artistic and imaginative treatment
of material,
and an actual and increasing knowledge of the great
agencies of health existing at Saratoga Springs for centuries,
awaiting sagacious and practical control and employment by such
an administration as that of your Board.
the statute which created your Commission,
Your duty imder
as accepted
by your body,
healing waters of
tlie
is to restore,
mineral springs.
develop and utilize the
Developing such a Health
is now being created by the Reservation Commission
and the village of Saratoga Springs is, of course, the end and aim
of the undertaking, which in a few months will provide moderate
Eesort as
and
initial
opportunity for partial or complete restoration to
health of thousands
and recuperation of
who
look to Saratoga for relief
efficiency,
from
all
from disease
The
over this Continent.
great fatigue and expense of an ocean voyage, the doubtful experiof encountering an untried climate, and the puzzling and
discouraging experience of dwelling during a protracted course
ment
of treatment
among people few
speak the English lan-
removed from the path of the
from any part of our own
here by the State of ISew
enjoy the provisions made
all
invalid
who comes
'^
whom
these difficulties are
guage,
country to
of
to Saratoga Springs
York.
The experience
of
English,
Austrian,
French and German
chemists, engineers and physicians has aided in our guidance;
for through your wise action last year in securing the results of
Prof.
Baruch's observations in foreign Spas; of Dr. Haertl's
teaching and consultation during his brief residence here, on
leave of absence
experience
of
from Bad Kissingen; and of the previous wide
our own Consulting Engineer,
Prof.
Anthony,
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
32
added
to his acquisition,
during a study of eight European Spas,
of special knowledge of the mechanical devices and installations
used in handling mineral waters containing carbonic acid gas,
iSTew York State launches this enterprise in Saratoga Springs
with a tremendous advantage.
A
natural conditions.
obtained and controlled;
easily
v/ater,
This advantage
determined by
;
combine
to
favorable climate as
existence of
and proximity of mountain
a moderate elevation above sea level
point of easy access from, almost
23eople
a
relative absence of humidity,
soil,
sufficient groves of beautiful trees,
ranges
enlarged by
is
great and increasing supply of mineral
all
;
and a situation
at a
directions by millions of
render this spot peculiarly suitable for the crea-
tion of a health resort.
During the past year observations
of the
movement
of the
mineral waters have been prosecuted, and the changing water
levels in wells
the graphs
the properties
information of
studies
are
and bores have been accurately charted, adding to
commenced when your Commission began
and mineral
much
rights,
scientific
and forming a mass of unique
Comparative
and practical value.
our knowledge of the
enlarging
to acquire
''
upper ground
waters " as well as of the underground reservoirs of mineral
W'ater, so that
we can come nearer
to the origin of the
and the
to
answering the questions as
mineral waters, the direction of their flow,
steps necessary to protect
them by establishing zones of
safety, as well as their probable future conditions.
The Chemical Laboratory
established and equipped during the
year has been of prime importance.
A
separate report
our learned and industrious chemist, well known in
is
made by
New York
State as a water analvst of ffreat abilitv, Mr. Herbert Ant. Re-
peated and regular analyses show progressive increase in the
mineral constituents of
brated Hathorn No.
1,
many
of the waters, notably the cele-
which has increased by 10 per
cent,
during
and the Gyantwaka (Champion ISTo. 1), which has
Bacteriological
increased 300 per cent, during a few months.
the year,
examinations are also made in order that contamination,
occur,
may
if
it
be promptly ascertained* and in future prevented.
Studies of the mineral water as delivered in the tubs in our
High Rock (formerly
JMagnetic) Bath House, as well as in the
�Eepokt of the Commissioners
Saratoga Baths,
have been very instructive.
33
has been of
It
decided advantage to the Coniniission to have the Saratoga Baths
owned by a private individual) leased and managed by as
competent and intelligent a bathmaster and masseur as Mr, Oscar
(still
The owner permitted
R. Stenstrom.
for
neuro-vascular
treatment,
the installation of apparatus
agency
valuable
a
In
anaemia, insomnia, neurasthenia and obesity.
water of the Hathorn Spring
ing attic tank in such a
in
use
house the
conducted to the
'No. 1 is used,
way
for
this
exist-
as to preserve the gas content in
amply sufficient amount for administering the Saraghtoghie
Bath (Nauheim Bath) properly, with the provision of Rest
Rooms, the latter impossible in the High Rock Bath House.
Observations of value upon
temperature,
and
gravity
specific
reaction of the bath waters in both bath houses have been made.
Besides brine baths, carbon dioxide (Nauheim) baths, neurovascular training, Turkish and Russian baths, the State will be
able to give Iron-Moor Baths, as at
The moor
specially Marienbad.
purpose
some
of the foreign spas,
soil that will
be used for this
very abundant, having been permeated for
is
many
years
with a rich iron mineral water escaping from the Karista (Iron)
Spring.
The
vegetable substance in this soil
is
decomposed and
bonized and largely dissolved in the mineral moor.
need very
little
Hence,
car-
will
it
treatment before being utilized in giving the moor
Marienbad claims iron mineral moor containing " a larger
percentage of iron than any moor earth so far analyzed, even
more than the Franzensbad moor earth ". The Marienbad soil
bath.
contains 2,04 per cent, of ferrous oxide, while the soil proposed to
be used at Saratoga Springs contains 3,72 per cent, of the same
oxide of iron, thus offering a
the best of the kind
recommended
partial
known
still
for various nei-vous
paralysis caused
more valuable material than
The iron-moor baths are
disorders caused by anaemia,
in Europe,
by exudation within the gheaths
of
nerves, as well as hysterical paralysis, rheumatism, gout, certain
and injuries such as sprains, and also the
results of dislocations and fractures.
Hydrotherapy, as practiced at Saratoga Springs, includes the
circulatory disorders,
use of the
baths already
mentioned, as
well as brine
douches, colon irrigations, packs, fomentations, sprays, etc.
2
baths,
The
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
34
term properly includes Balneology (medical baths), while Croimotherapy denotes the use of mineral waters for drink-cures.
practice of hydrotherapy should not be a specialty,
The
any more
than should the prescription of tonics, or of digestants.
therapy
its
is
Hydro-
simply a part of the general practice of medicine, for
agencies
may
often be used to great advantage in place of
vegetable or mineral drugs, and with better results
;
for,
by means
of these agencies, recuperation and restO'ration of vital processes
is
often secured in cases wherein drugs produce but a temporary
condition, under cover of which nature
But its
by those who
self.
is
expected to assert her-
principles and practice should be well understood
prescribe
its
measures.
Other varieties of treatment wull be added when funds are
available for the erection of the State bath house; such as physical
Zander and Swedish,
amount of gymnastic work.
exercises, including the
It will be unnecessary to provide for
X-ray examinations or
treatments, since this department of medicine
the provisions
made
at the local
as well as a certain
is
fully covered by
Saratoga Hospital, where Dr.
Earl H. King, of Saratoga Springs, has installed a full equipment and has proved himself to be a scientiiic and successful
roentgenologist.
Electrical treatment should be provided in special rooms in the
bath house to be erected by the State.
ing Galvanic,
Faradaic,
Ray and
full
equipment, includ-
and Sinusoidal current,
chairs for auto-condensation,
Violet
A
High Frequency current with
Static,
also
the
the Leeodeseent Light should' be installed with
the necessary appliances for use.
There remains but one more ndjunct
mention, beside diet, which must be
sician.
This remaining agency
to other
left to the
is exercise.
treatments to
individual phy-
Tn the State parks,
Lincoln and Geyser, paths have been laid out providing for
by walking a measured distance upon a level, upon
a slight incline, or upon such decided inclines as to constitute
climbing.
These paths are thus designed and developed in order
definite exercise
to provide
what are
called the
Oertel hill-climbing exercises ", so
who aro recuperating during heart disease,
what is known by the Germans as the Terrain
valuable to individuals
forming part of
''
�35
Repokt of the Commissioneks
Kur.
The
aesthetic
features
of
property
the Reservation
as
developed through the artistic sense of your Commission provide
much that is essential, though often unnoticed by the average
individual.
The most speedy
results are obtained
amid an
envi-
attractive to the eye
and peace, together with features that are
and sufhciently varied to avoid being tiresome.
The Oertel walking
exercises could be carried out uj)()n slopes ar-
ronment providing
rest
ranged within the walls of
a
gymnasium which might be
well
and free from dust; but the tedium and weariness of
repeating exercises under these conditions would render them far
less beneficial and would defeat their aim in the case of the ordiventilated
nary individual.
"
The
soft influences of nature," the hillsides
dotted with ferns, the brooks with ripples and eddies, the shallows
planted w^ith sarracenia, the occasional glen
filled
with
meadow
shimmering hemlocks and shadowing beeches and
birches over all, combine to render the exercise a delight; so that
the patient is not conscious of the distance he has gone or of any
orchids,
the
fatigue in the process, beyond the comfortable feeling that ac-
wann and relaxed skin surmuch attention is paid to the
companies equalized circulation and
face.
In certain foreign
'spas, so
impression upon the weary, weak and occasionally irritable patient
that trees
have been pollarded, with the idea that to
tall trees
are disturbing and annoying.
Hence
many
vistas
people
have been
opened up through the natural low shrubbery and forestry in the
and paths have been constructed,
presei-ving the natural beauties and making nooks and dells avail-
woods of the Geyser park,
able
and
trails
accessible, while frequent rest places will be provided
here and there for the complete comfort of those
in search of health
who come
to
us
and pleasure.
The Pine Promenade,
stretching a mile
away
in a straight line,
diagonally bisecting Lincoln Park and nearly tying
of Saratoga Springs with the hamlet of
The
up
the village
Geysers, forms a
walking exercise scheme, and will later prove a
most notable feature of Saratoga Springs the whole country over.
The provision for wheeled chairs upon one of the side paths of
vital part of the
promenade wdll be of great value and interest to patients who,
coming from the village on the trolley for this short distance, will
be transferred from the trollev station in the edge of n beaMti-^'ul
this
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
36
pine grove
mum
to
the door of the Lincoln Bath
House with
the mini-
of fatigue or disturbance,
N^othing that your Commission has accomplished will be of
more
actual value to invalids this year than the adaptation of
the old Lincoln Spring House, by
Lincoln Bath House,
means of which
it
now being equipped with
has become the
the appliances
necessary for giving about 325 treatments during the usual bathing hours of each day, including the brine, the carbonic-oxide
(Nauheim) and
the plain mineral baths, as well as neuro- vascular
training, colon irrigations
and the Plombiere treatment (employ-
ing water from Hathorn No. 2 or No. 3 springs), salt rubs,
rubs, packs, fomentations, massage, etc.
made
available in
May, 1915,
oil
This provision will be
who othermany of them
and to which many
for the care of patients
wise would seek treatment in foreign spas, to which
have been accustomed to repair annually,
have been unable to go for treatment because of the distance and
expense, as well as the f atigTie incident to long travel
ocean
travel — in
—
especially
the case of patients suffering with heart or
arterial disorder.
The enumeration of the mineral waters of Saratoga Springs
used for " drink-cures " remains as stated in my last annual report.
The saline-laxatives, Hathorn No. 1, Hathorn No. 2, Coesa, and
Orenda (formerly Adams) are bottled for the trade, and are also
served at the Hathorn Spring Building, as are in addition the
alkaline-saline waters with predominating alkalinity. Geyser
Minnonebe, both used widely as table waters.
and
The Karista
(formerly Flat Well No. 2) and the Columbian are the chief
alkaline-ferruginous
their sources.
New Red
or
chalybeate
springs,
both
It has been necessary to close the
available
at
Old Red and
Springs because of contamination from the
soil in their
The Old Red was made available by means of a square
wooden trough carried down at the point where the spring reached
the surface in 1784. The New Red, recently deepened by drilling
locality.
into the rock a short distance, has always been obtainable only
from the stratum of earth lying above the rock, and the new bore
drilled into the rock yields no water.
The layer of clay, which
formerly protected the mineral waters, that flow in the gravel and
from the upper ground waters and from
general percolation, became pervious at this point in many places.
shale of the lower strata,
�Report
and thus the
local
op^
the Commissioners
underground reservoir
is
37
The
contaminated.
Magnetic Spring, fonnerly an iron spring of large repute, and so
named because
its
iron
outer casing had become magnetized,
ceased to flow over a year ago, and has, therefore, been
filled
up.
The water which fonnerly supplied it has undoubtedly found its
way by means of new solution channels into the general basin
from which the Emperor and Peerless flow a few feet away.
Excellent Indian names have been used to supplant the former
crude appellations by which many of the springs were known for
;
instance,
Zalama (''Sweetheart")
and Alnoba
(''Warrior"),
situated directly opposite each other in a small picturesque ravine,
having been assigned to Clark
respectively.
Pump
ISTo.
No.
"Well
1,
4
and Clark No.
has
been
2 springs
named Tallulah
Water ") while Flatwell No. 2, the great iron spring,
The old Pandora, which
is now known as Karista ("Iron").
flows noisily in a large bowl in Diondaroga (" The Vale of
Springs "), is now termed Awassa (" Where the Bear Drinks ")
and Champion No. 1, which spouts continually in Diondaroga, has
been named Gyantwaka.
While all of our springs are radio-active, we have not laid much
stress upon this feature, for the reason that thus far the use of
radium emanation is still in the experimental stage. However,
(" Leaping
;
;
it is
a settled fact that radio-active waters are of decided benefit
both internally and as bathing waters in cases of gout, rheuma-
bone and joint disorders, as well as neuritis, including
It is claimed that radio-active water is
sciatica, and in neuralgia.
tism,
of extreme value in anaemia.
Directly from this
citizens,
office
and with the help of public-spirited
many thousand pamphlets
providing information for pa-
and the public, and others providing special information for
physicians, have been circulated to the profession and to many
tients
laymen
in different parts of the country.
The
distribution of
25,000 pamphlets to physicians in twenty-nine states is now almost
completed. This advertising is necessary for we have encountered
many
of the medical profession
who
are entirely uninformed con-
cerning the properties and value of our waters.
Two
of our
pamphlets of information have been translated into and printed
German, Spanish and Portuguese, the two
use in Cuba and South American countries.
in
latter especially for
�State Keservation at Saratoga Springs
38
Addresses have been delivered before certain medical
societies,
and more are projected at various localities including Philadelphia, vv^here arrangements are being made for a presentation
of the facilities of Saratoga Springs before the great Philadelphia
County Medical Society in January, 1915.
This publicity
is
an
important part of our w^ork, for the medical profession needs
accurate and complete information concerning the provision
New York
by
made
State to meet the necessities of patients formerly
treated in Europe, as has been stated.
As suggested
imperative,
it
to
your Commission a year
ago,
though not then
seems desirable to establish centers of information
as well as of distribution of the drinking waters in
New York
and
Philadelphia at this time, that the success of the State's enter-
may
prise
be more immediate.
Advertising in the daily papers has been pursued to a very
moderate extent, and special advertisements will
few
important
medical
This
journals.
run in a
also
has
step
been
necessary in order that the Commission might more easily learn
the value of the bottling franchise, and therefore, be better pre-
pared to execute a long lease to some responsible individual or
firm that will properly exploit the drinking waters.
But the principal
minds
facts to be brought to the
of patients
near and distant are the ones already stated, namely, the great
remedial value of our bath waters charged with carbonic acid gas
and the easy
The
to
accessibility of Saratoga Springs.
fact that,
when properly equipped,
the State will be able
reap a large return and enjoy a constant income amounting to
a very
handsome percentage
of the outlay here,
is
becoming more
prominent, not only through the study of the large incomes enjoyed by foreign spas, where initial and repeated large appropriations have been
made
for development and equipment, but
also through the study of the
who
new
statistics
provided by those
are investigating the average loss of efficiency in
cities,
due
to
many
all
our large
chronic diseases that early treatment would
have prevented or cured, had the unfortunate victims taken advantage of such opportunities as the State of
providing at Saratoga Springs.
working, over-fed, under-slept business
self to a careful
New York
is
It is a fact that if the
man would
now
hard
submit him-
medical examination and possibly treatment once
�Report of the Commissioners
39
every half year, early stages of serious diseases would be detected,
and in a large nmnber of instances serious development of disease
could be prevented, and the life and efficiency of the individual
could be prolonged for
many
comfortable years.
Respectfully submitted,
ALBERT WARREN FERRIS,
Superintending Director.
Saratoga Springs, W. Y.
January
1,
1915.
�Report of the Consulting Engineer for 1914
Saratoga Springs,
To
]Sr.
Y.,
December
18, 1914.
the Honorable, the Commissioners of the State Reservation at
Sa rat oga Sp rings :
On
Gentlemen:
sioned!
me
to
the 24th of December, 1913, you commis-
go abroad and investigate several European Spas.
In
compliance with these orders, I visited Vichy, Kissingen, Briickenau,
Bath.
cal
Wiesbaden, Nauheim, Homburg, Harrogate and
At each Spa I made a comprehensive study of the mechani-
Saline,
and I submitted
and engineering features of
equipment, pipe systems, buildings and parks
a detailed report covering all physical
;
importance.
Before going
to
Europe
I had, as Consulting
Commission, made a study of the conditions
My
study abroad enabled
me
to
observe,
at
Engineer
to the
Saratoga Springs.
on
my
return,
thf!
absence of such scientific consideration of the problem in the
is now utilized in similar
The previous experience which I have had
in sinking wells and developing water supplies in our own
country gave me definite points of view from which to make com-
past practice at Saratoga Springs as
problems abroad.
parisons. I found this comparative study of the utmost importance
in discussing the problems with manufacturers and engineers,
and in consequence we have been able to modify designs used
abroad, even the most modern ones, so that the State of New
York will make some new departures in details of practice that
will give
After
my
it
my
an advantage over the most successful resorts.
return from Europe, in addition to the perfonnance of
duties as professor at
Union
College, I continued to
make
a
knowledge I
had acquired abroad, and I have had the superintendence of construction work as well.
fuller study of the conditions here in the light of the
The
work undertaken under my supervision was the conof the High Rook pit. This development was something
first
struction
[40]
�Report of the Commissioners
entirely
new
in this country.
41
1 liave followed' the practice
has proven so successful at the
German
Spas.
which
The High Rock
spring was formerly equipped with a six-inch steel casing extend-
ing to the rock, and a six-inch boTe extended from the surface of
the rock to the bottom of the well.
In carrying out the new con-
pit 18 feet deep and
was constructed at the mouth of the bore. The
pit was made of concrete and is thoroughly waterproofed, so that
Extending from the
the seepage of groundwater is impossible.
bottom of the pit to the rock is a eVo-inch wooden pipe. The
wooden pipe is surrounded by a 12-inch cast iron pipe, the opening between the wooden and the iron pipes being filled with
cement grout. This arrangement insures the constant supply of a
large quantity of water, always highly carbonated, and a permanent source of supply for the High Rock Bath House. Much
difficulty was experienced in the construction of the pit, owing to
struction, the steel casing
was removed and a
6 feet in diameter
the fact that the pit
gas.
The bottom
was always
of the pit
is
full of large quantities of
provided with special
COo
fittings for
the regulation of the quantity and height of flow of mineral water,
so that the spring
struction
may
is
now under
absolute control.
Before this con-
be considered complete, the upper poTtion of the
pit should be properly tapped, in order that a continuous flow
may
be maintained from the spring, which at present
and not flowing.
is
sealed off
This drain should be constructed in the early
spring.
Red Springs
Bacteriological examinations
made
at various intervals
during
the past year by the State Department of Health showed pollution
It became necessary to
in the Old Red and New Red springs.
make a complete examination of these springs and decide definitely whether or not sanitary conditions were such that they
could be safely operated, because the water was in great demand,
being used continuously by citizens residing in the vicinity of the
A
machine was moved to the site and a bore
made in the centre of each spring. Samples of water were taken
every five feet and complete analyses made. The results of the
investigation showed that the mineral water came in through the
springs.
drilling
clay at a depth of fourteen feet
from the surface.
Any
casing
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
42
below this point shut out
tlio
supply of mineral water, and at no
greater depth than fourteen feet would the springs flow.
It
dangerous to drink water from this spring only fourteen
is
feet deep, on account of the
proximity of the underground village
brook and the sewer. Therefore these springs were not retubed and
are not
now being used
for drinking purposes.
Undoubtedly they
should be permanently closed, and I have so recommended.
Closing Bores
As a measure
of conservation
it
was
known
desirable to prevent the
Hathorn North and
Hathorn South. In case there should be a demand for this
water at some future date, a scheme was devised whereby these
escape of gas from the two bores
as the
the
springs could be hermetically sealed, but leaving the water always
available by the simple procedure of removing a hexagonal nut
with a wrench.
This system has proved so
method has been used
in closing the
efficient that
the same
United States and Pavilion
springs.
Retubing Wells
The next
lowed
at
place
all
materials
radical departure
from the methods previously
Saratoga Springs was our action in commencing to
iron
fol-
re-
casings and tubings in the various wells with
recommended by foreign Spas.
Briickenau I found
all
At Kissingen and
wells tubed and cased with phosphor-
bronze, an alloy of tin and copper only, while in
Nauheim, WiesIt was found
proper amalgam
baden, Ilomburg and Vichy pure copper was used.
to be impossible to secure phosphor-bronze of the
in this country,
and after a careful study we decided
to tube the
Saratoga wells with pure copper, at a smaller expense than would
be entailed by the use of the foreign phosphor-bronze, although
copper
is
a very costly material.
The result to date is that the tubing of copper was placed in
the Hathoni No. 1, Minnonebe, Geyser and Orenda springs, and
an order has been placed for sufficient copper to tube the Hathorn
No. 2 and Coesa springs. In all of this copper work, special fittings have been designiod to reduce the friction to a
thus diminishing the loss of gas.
minimum,
�43
Report of the Commissioners
As
copper makes ;m expensive pipe, and
stated,
longer pipe lines the nso of eopper would have
development almost prohibitive.
some suitable substitute
possible.
The
to
It
in
some of our
made
the cost of
was deemed advisable
to find
was
be used wherever a substitute
result of this research
is
recorded later in this report.
Equipment
The former absence
of unified ownership of the wells in this
village naturally resulted in an absence of uniformity in the boTes
and of standard construction methods.
me
enabled
to
determine that
it
struction at certain of the wells,
My
observations abroad
was desirable to change the conand to do this additional equip-
ment was necessary.
A
Keystone drilling machine, capable of drilling an 8-inch hole
one thousand feet through solid rock, was purchased, and also a
portable
gasoline
pumping plant, consisting of a suction pump and a Cook
engine, mounted on wheels. This last piece of apparatus
has been in almost constant use for the past six months.
All
necessary apparatus has been added to the above equipment, and
the engineering staff
and research work
is
now
able to handle
in a thorough
all
field
construction
and workmanlike manner.
High Rock Bath House
The next immediate problem was the improvement of the facilities for giving baths at the High Rock Bath House, known for
many
years as the " Magnetic Bath House," in order that the
baths given there might be more nearly up to the modern standard',
in spite of the limitations of the plant.
It
proved necessary
some of the equipment, and also to connect with
This bath
the High Rock pit for additional water supply.
house had used water from the Emperor and Peerless springs,
which is naturally high in COo gas; but under the methods
to
change
used in the bath house prior to »Tanuary
gas
actually
were not
reached
the
tubs.
For
efficient for certain treatments,
1,
this
1914, very
reason
the
little
baths
such as the Naulieim
system for heart troubles, in which a large percentage of free gas
is
necessaiy in the bath before the treatment has any value.
test of
A
the water previously used for the baths showed only 4 per
�State Reservation at Saratoga SpRiNGfi
44
cent, supersaturation,
whereas 25 per
cent,
is
absolutely necessary
make the baths efficient for the later Nauheim series.
Some apparatus like that used abroad was immediately installed.
The plumbing was rearranged and a large pump and
to
special apparatus for heating the water
the water rose 33 per cent, 8 per cent
It
may
were designed and con-
After this installation, the supersaturation of gas in
structed.
more than was necessary.
be said with perfect safety that the baths given this year
High Rock Bath House were superior in this respect to those
]Srauheim and Homburg, and equal to those at Kissingen and
at the
at
Briickenau.
With the completion
tional
of the pit at the
made
changes can be
The High Rock
bath house.
to
High Rock
spring, addi-
increase the capacity
this
at
spring water will bo used in the
baths given next year, replacing the
Emperor and
Peerless waters.
I believe that this change will show further increase in the gas
content in the water, and that the mineral water used in the baths
given under this arrangement will not be excelled at any spa in
the world.
Saratoga Baths Establishment
With such favorable results shown at the High Rock Bath
it was deemed desirable to deliver the State mineral water
used at the Saratoga Baths in such a manner as to give greater
efficiency to the baths at that establishment.
The antiquated
plumbing in this bath house made the problem a difficult one, but
the changes made resulted in supplying water for these baths containing a higher percentage of CO2 gas. It is now manifest, how-
House,
lently located building,
the
and excelplumbing and equipment should be
thoroughly remodeled.
As
the State has recently secured an
ever, that in order properly to utilize this substantial
option from the owner to
moderate
price,
a
study
methods of bringing
permanent
use.
should bring
it
A
up
is
being
bath house to the State at a
made
of the most economical
this very desirable building into ethcient
and
moderate sum expended in repairs and changes
to date.
the Saratoga Baths be
immediate additional
now
I venture strongly to
new and
recommend
that
purchased, remodeled and used for
facilities as a central
of moderate means, to
the projected
sell this
bath house, for patients
meet a necessity which
will continue
elaborate State bath house
is
when
constructed.
�Repokt of the Commissioners
•
It is
45
Reclaiming Congress Spring No.
customary
to associate
1
Congress spring No.
past glories of Saratoga Springs.
When
1
with
the
all
the village was at
its
summer resort, Congress water had a worldwide repuThe original water disappeared after the operation of
height as a
tation.
the carbonic gas companies at Saratoga began, bvit inquiry for
continues
this
it
is
what we
and work
still
now underway
is
to recover
necessary to penetrate to a depth of 375 feet, through
hard and flinty sandstone
same vein that supplied the water to
The work of drilling a six-inch hole through
find to be layers of unusually
and limestone,
to strike the
the original spring.
these formations
is
progressing favorably at an average rate of
ten feet per day, and at this rate the bore
the
New
The
At present
Year.
it
be completed by
v/ill
has reached the depth of 245 feet.
old Congress pavilion has been removed,
instructions a small ornamental building
mount
it
To do
it.
the spring.
is
and under your
being designed to sur-
This will be made more like the original
treat-
ment, and in keeping with the beauties of the surrounding park.
Concentration of Mineral Water Bottling
To
insure greater efficiency and economy, a system with
features has been worked out whereby the waters
now being
new
bottled
under the direction of the Commission, in three different bottling
The
works, can be bottled with a smaller force under one roof.
Geyser bottling works has been decided upon as the most available
for this use.
The Orenda spring, undoubtedly one of the best
ever discovered at Saratoga, produces water very similar in con-
and has now been put on
new pressure system was devised and installed,
and the Orenda water now appears in the bottle naturally carbonated and entirely free from sediment. The scheme used is original,
tents to that of the old Congress spring,
the market.
A
and although probably no similar device
part of the world,
A
No.
it
is
in use in
any other
has proved entirely successful.
is now being installed at the Coesa and Hathom
by means of which the waters from these springs
similar plant
2 springs,
will be carried througli
where they
wooden pipe
lines to the
will be bottled, naturally carbonated.
Geyser building,
These mechanical
appliances have been so designed and assembled that the water
�State liESEifVATioN at Saratoga Springs
46
may
carried great distances without any change in
l)e
its
natural
condition.
A
number
of changes
were found necessary
ing in order to increase the efficiency of the jdant.
Geyser
Iniikl-
A new
in the
boiler
has been installed this year to furnish hot water for sterilizing the
bottles
and steam for the heating
plant.
In order
to insure the
use of natural gas for recarbonating, a gas container was constructed in the building, and
it is
now
possible to supply all the
natural gas needed for the extra carbonation of the Minnonebe
and Geyser waters, which some regular customers demand.
All
iron pipe in the building has been replaced with copper and a
glass storage tank has been ordered
near future.
New
noi'th rooms.
It
and will be
set
up
in the very
concrete floors have been placed in the two
seems clear that the Commission can now right-
fully enter the field of
CO2 gas
supply, and I suggest that plans
be prepared for conserving and utilizing the gas
now going
to
waste, and put into operation at an early date.
Development of the Soft Sweet Spring
From
the beginning of the study of the hydraulic problems of
the Reservation it has been evident that a pure sweet spring water
was most desirable; but so many details required attention that it
was not until August that I was able, with the co-operation of the
chemist, to
A
water.
make
a full investigation of the resources in fresh
systematic survey has since been
sweet water springs in Geyser Park.
fifteen different springs of still
The
tory.
results
cipal
of the
many
water and analyzed in our labora-
were exceedingly favorable.
to dryness, all of the waters
made
Samples were taken from
showed
Upon
less total solids
evaporation
than the prin-
still waters.
The spring showing the smallest
was found located near the Willow Gate of Geyser
a very picturesque ravine, and it has been chosen for
marketed pure
total of solids
Park, in
development.
After making personal inspection of the most improved plants,
was designed and approved by the State Architect
and is now being erected under your directions. This will be
promptly equipped for the bottling of tliis water, which has been
a bottling plant
named
" Saratoga Soft Sweet Spring Water."
This bottling plant
�Report of the Commissioners
is
located on
tlie
47
The
bank of the ravine near the Willow Gate.
building will have a floor area of about nineteen hundred square
feet,
and
it
will be divided into live parts
bottling room, a sterilizing
shower baths and
a reception room, a
and washing room,
and an
toilet,
:
The
oflice.
room containing
room will be
a
boiler
placed adjacent to the main building, and will have a floor area of
four hundred square
feet.
The reception room
is
so designed that the public
bottling operations through plate glass partitions,
sterilizing
that the
and
filling of the bottles.
workmen
first
The
may view
the
and observe the
halls will be so
arranged
enter the shower baths, where street clothes
and after the bath the}' will clothe themselves
and white rubber boots before they enter the bottling
will be discarded,
in white suits
room.
None
of the equipment
is
over elaborate, but
it
has been so
designed that complete sterilization and absolute hygienic con-
from the spring
ditions will exist,
The spring
to the bottle.
itself
will be carefully lined with polished white marble and surmounted
by
a
plate glass dome,
the
dome being
hermetically sealed to
any possible chance of pollution.
The water will be taken from the spring to the bottling works by
means of a silver plated pump, through block-tin-lined pipe to a
the
marble
prevent
to
glass storage tank.
From
the glass tank, in the building, the water
by gravity through glass pipe to the filling machine.
Before being filled, the bottles will be washed in a soda solution,
rinsed with clear water, subjected to live steam for eight minutes
will flow
and then sprayed with
a jet of boiling water.
Arrangements
be provided for properly sterilizing the crowns to be used in
will
seal-
ing the bottles.
All of these precautions have not so far as
know been taken
in
No
we
detail has
been
too trivial for careful consideration, for the plant should and
must
any other bottling
The work
be completely sanitary.
and the plant
in operation
by the
plant.
is
first
expected to be completed
of March.
Lincoln Bath House
When
the European
war developed
as
an immediate problem
the question of the available bathing facilities, a careful study of
the Saratoga institution was made.
It
was found
that,
by the
ex-
�48
State Resekvatiok at Saratoga Springs
penditure of a moderate
sum
money
of
changes in the Lincoln Spring building,
it
for improvements and
could be converted into
a good bath house.
This building is one of the structures taken
by the State, and was originally used for the securing and market-
CO2
ing of
gas obtained from the spring waters.
Designs were
perfected for installing thirty-eight bathrooms and fifty-six dress-
ing booths; two compartments being set aside for neuro-vascular
training,
two rooms devoted
massage and four rooms equipped
to
for colon irrigation, ample rest rooms and a reception hall being
provided and arrangements
of the Eeservation as
may
made
to serve such medicinal waters
The
be desirable.
contracts for the
construction were prepared and are being carried out.
In the rearrangement of
this building,
very
little
expense has
been incurred for ornamentation, the bulk of the effort and ex-
pense being devoted to the mechanical appliances, in order to
give the establishment
its
maximum
more
that no spa abroad has given
efficiency.
It
may
be said
attention to mechanical detail
than will be given to the mechanical system and appliances to
be used in this building.
All of the most improved foreign
apparatus has been installed, and
practice has been improved
upon
it
is
believed that the foreign
in several
minor
details.
All
power, storage and air compressors are installed in duplicate;
50 per cent, of the apparatus being driven by steam and 50 per
cent,
by
electricity.
into an electrical
The bath house power system has been divided
and steam
unit,
capable of running the bath house
should
An
each complete in itself and
if for
anv reason the other
fail.
interesting
and important feature has been added
outlay, consisting of
two outdoor swimming
pools,
dense shubbery, a grass lawn and a sand court.
at small
surrounded by
The
pools will
be equipped with diving towers, spring boards, and an unique
system
of filtration,
installed
to
insure pure water.
A
com-
prehensive system has been planned for Lincoln Park in connection with this bath house.
Many
of the roads and paths have
already been constructed and several thousand trees planted in the
park.
�Keport
Development of
A
great
number
49
THE Commissioners
01*
a
Fkesh Water Supply
of complaints were
made during
the year re-
garding the condition of the water furnished to the Reservation
by the village water system.
repulsive,
owing
to
The water during August was indeed
an odor and taste generated by
algse
which
and develop under certain conditions in so many reservoirs.
Arrangements were therefore made and designs perfected by the
Engineer to connect the supply of fresh water, necessarily dethrive
veloped in Lincoln Park for use in the plant equipped there, with
the park and Reservation buildings in the village.
This pure water on the Lincoln tract
analyses
made
showing
in our laboratory
parts per million.
This
is
soft
is
in character,
total solids of only
145
an unusiuilly good water and com-
pares favorably with the waters placed on the market by drinking
The
water companies.
State has a very large supply of this water,
and the plant has been designed
to deliver 30,000 gallons per day.
At a very small expense the capacity of this plant can be increased
to
100,000 gallons per day when the projected new and elaborate
State bath house
is
is
constructed and a consequently larger
made upon the water supply system.
The plant as designed is a hydro-pneumatic
demand
system, the pressure
in the system being secured with a Clayton air compressor.
The
water to be used will be forced into a hermetically sealed tank
by means of two large Worthington pumps operated by steam,
This water
capable of delivering 200 gallons per minute each.
will be connected with the Reservation buildings in the village by
9,000 feet of 4-inch wooden pipe.
The pipe used
in this instal-
lation effects a great saving over the iron pipe used for
work of
this kind, for the following reasons:
(1) Iron pipe costs 50 to 59 cents per foot.
33 cents per
Wood
pipe costs
foot.
(2) This special wood pipe is practically indestructible when
placed in the ground and kept full of water. Iron pipe laid in
the vicinity of the Lincoln building where the ground
saturated
is
with mineral water, cannot be kept in repair over fourteen months,
and cases have occurred where iron pipe has been entirely
destroyed in less than that time.
(3)
The
cost of laying
machine-made wood pipe
is
far less
�State Reservation at Sakatooa Springs
50
than that of any other class of pipe, owing
joints have to be
The
(4)
muddy
made
cost of transporting
roads
wood pipe over rough country
same reason it can be unloaded from the
of a derrick and by a small gang of men.
Wood
(5)
two
feet
or
cars without the use
pipe, being a nonconductor of heat
underground instead of
damage by freezing
no
because of the lightness of the pipe, and for
is less
the
laid
to the fact that
np.
of
tlie
water in
it,
and
cold,
can be
without fear of
five feet
thus saving a great deal in
the cost of trenching.
As the value
(6)
its
of a pipe line investment
delivery capacity,
because
wood pipe
proportional to
is
of necessity has to be chosen,
has been found that the roughness of the inside of wood
it
pipe varies from .0096 to .01 JO while for iron pipe the roughness
varies
from .0115
to .02.
This wood pipe, used under the same conditions
subject these pipe lines, has,
period
of
we
twenty-seven years,
faults occurring in the line,
find,
which we
to
proved satisfactory after a
without disintegration or other
and without giving a
taste to the
water.
Rearrangement of the IIathorn Building for Use
A Drink Hall
as
Since the Commission at present has neither a satisfactory
for a
new drink
a structure,
Hathom
it
hall,
nor
was found necessary
building so that
it
site
funds with which to erect such
sufficient
to remodel the interior of the
might, as far as possible, meet the
immediately pressing demands for a more modern and conveniThe building has been painted
ently furnished drink hall.
inside and out, in white
trimmed with green, and
of interest have been added to the building to
in
some
principal
respects
new
the well-equipped
several features
make
it
suggest
abroad.
drink halls
The
feature will be a large multiple drinking fountain,
constructed of burnished copper.
It is so designed that a
of patients can individually and simultaneously
with different mineral
waters.
The fountain
fill
is
number
their glasses
24
feet
in
diameter, and will have a rack effect constructed of copper pipe,
standing 4 feet high and capable of serving 24 patients per minute.
�Kepokt of the Commissioners
system of expansion tanks and pressure regulators will be
A
51
in-
stalled so that the
In addition
water will be served naturally highly carbonated.
drinking fountain a warming table
to the multiple
will be placed in the drink hall, so that the
be served
warm upon
mineral waters
the physician's prescription.
A
more
may
suit-
able fountain has been designed to replace the rather primitive
Hathorn No. 1 spring. An ornamental parhas been designed and is now under construction to enlarge
now
one
tition
in use at the
and afford better facilities to visitors at the free entrance. This
will also improve the other portion of the building, to which an
admission fee of five cents is charged. Drawings are now being
made and methods worked out to replace some of the other unsightly features. All this work should be completed and the apparatus in operation by the spring months.
Park Develoriment Work
My
investigation of the various
European spas convinced me
that no bathing resort can attain to a proper financial success
unless
it is
surrounded by parks, properly designed and made ex-
tremely attractive.
due not only
The value
of the mineral water treatments is
to the curative properties of the waters,
but also to
the change of air and the release from home, professional and
which are secured by
social duties
a visit to a health resort.
psychological aspect must be considered and provided for.
State Reseiwation
The
The
when
Commission undoubtedly realized this
its unique and beautiful park
they caused the village to provide
in the heart of the village,
vation the
Park
its
and when
High Eock Park,
it
included within the Reser-
as yet quite too small, the Lincoln
of 60 acres and the larger Geyser
Park
of 250 acres, with
exceptional natural advantages of scenery and varied foresta-
would not be effective to make great changes in Geyser
Park, and all work done there has been conceived with the idea
of intensifying the present natural beauties and making them
more evident. To the present plantation has been added the foltion.
It
lowing trees
way
:
40,000 white pines, ?.0,000 Scotch pines, 8,000 N"or-
spruce, 1,400 native shrubs and 4,000 arbor vitae.
In order to beautify the grounds adjacent to the Lincoln bath
house, considerable planting has been done recently and 5,000
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
52
new walks and 5,000 feet of driveway have been conThe following trees have been planted: 25,000 Scotch
feet of
structed.
pines, 4,500 JSTorwaj spruce, 2,000 populars, 1,600 red cedars,
1,800 white cedars, 2,500 native shrubs, 900 rock maple, 40 dwarf
evergreens, 31,000 white pines and 5,01)0 larches.
About 250 arbor vitae trees have been
Park, and 250 in the Lake Avenue plot,
the United States and Pavilion Springs.
set out in
in
High Rock
which are situated
Scientific Observations, Tests and Experiivients
The experiments begun
in
1911
ing and occurrences following
its
to
determine the
effect of
pump-
cessation, as indicated in wells
and springs on the properties owned by the Reservation, have
The
been continued throughout the year 19J4.
levels indicate that practically all
their
maximum
charts of water
of the springs have reached
flow and pressure.
I should say,
judging from
these charts, that the springs regained their full strength about
six
months
ago.
amount
No
Tests
that time.
changes in water levels have been noted since
made
at the various wells to
of free gas available
now
determine the
to indicate that the gas con-
greater than at any time since the cessation of
tent
is
ing,
and perhaps
In
springs.
seem
fact, I
have found a few cases where the gas content
seems to be greater than
ago, so far as the
pump-
as great as at an}' period in the history of the
at the
time pumping started, some years
meager records may be
relied upon.
In order to keep down the expenses of the State for improvements, careful investigations were
some
made
to discover if possible,
and phosphor-bronze. Dr.
from Kissingen, recommended that these
metals be used for all metal pipes and reservoirs coming into
suitable substitute for copper
Haertl,
the
expert
This requires an enor-
actual contact with the mineral waters.
mous expense
where larger copper
for the installation of a plant
pipes and tanks are to be used.
Careful
tests
show that
steel
tanks and largo iron pipes, properly coated with a preparation
derived from the fractional distillation of coal tar, enable a
saving in cost over copper.
all
small
metal pipes
made
It
is
still
deemed desirable
of copper,
to
gi'eat
have
but larger installation
should consist of pipes treated as just stated.
�Report of the Commissioners
111
63
order to assist iu completing the geological charts and data
Museum Department under the direction
John M. Clarke, the State Geologist, we have taken samof Dr.
ples of drillings every ten feet in the bores we are making with
These samples are analyzed and a
the new Keystone driller.
published by the State
complete record of
to
rock encountered
all
is
made,
to
be forwarded
Dr. Clarke.
A
experiments has been carried on to determine the
series of
most advantageous pressures and strength of carbonation
These
used in bottling certain mineral water.
tically
tests
to
be
are prac-
completed and furnish some very interesting and illumi-
nating facts.
Summary and Recommendations
It
we hope, apparent from
is,
the above that during the period
covered by this report the engineering staff has
progress in the development
vation,
and
in
made
steady
the varied problems of the Reser-
preparing new designs and carrying on construc-
However,
tion work.
of*
we have simply made
at this writing,
a
substantial start.
There
very
is
much more
done before
to be
approach the splendors of the European spas.
this
resort can
I venture to sug-
gest that future development be directed along such lines that the
following results
A
may
be accomplished:
new and properly
elaborate bath house, carefully designed
and completely furnished, is essential to the successful development of the Spa..
A large and complete drink hall will need to be constructed, and
ground for its location must be secured.
There are
so
many
waters of merit within the boundaries of the
Reservation that a central bottling works will need to be designed
in
due time, to be so developed that
notable exhibits of the world.
it
would become one of the
I earnestly
be worked out for such an establishment.
cost a large
that plans
development would
would pay for itself handthe State and the people.
amount of money, but
somely, and permanently profit
recommend
Its
it
Geological examinations and surveys of underground waters
should be
made along more
tainly the State
is
to
extensive lines than before.
Cer-
be congratulated upon the amount of data
�State Resekvation at Saratoga SrRiNGS
54
aud
statistics wliicli
have been cuinpiied, but because of the con-
ditions that have lieretoforc existed this information
must be con-
sidered as somewhat suj)erticial and sliould be regarded as only
a foundation
upon which
to build our future investigations.
understood by those who have studied the problem that a
It is
park system represents a very slow growth.
park are cumulative, and
be
made from year
to
I suggest a
The
beauties of every
plan for improvements to
year at the Lincoln, Geyser and High Rock
parks.
The number
of wells drilled into the mineral water reservoir
before the formation of the Resei*vation, by competing exploiters
of mineral waters
and individuals and corporations seeking sup-
was so unreasonably great that an important part of the work now confronting the Commission is the
selection of the best wells and the permanent restoration of the
plies of carbonic acid gas,
situations of the others to conditions as closely
approximating
original, natural conditions as possible.
The
right foundation
is
so surely here,
Saratoga are so great, and so
deem
it
much
the opportunities at
has been accomplished that I
proper to write, in view of
my
study of the problem in
Europe, that Saratoga Springs ought rightfully
the greatest
Spa
in the world, but
it
to
cannot be nntil
be classed as
much
larger
plans are prepared and generously executed.
Respectfully submitted,
CHAS.
G.
ANTHONY,
Consult inrj Exr/uieer.
�Report of the Chemist
the IIonoralAe Conwiissionert> of the Sarcdoga Reservation:
To
Gentlemen:
first
my
i>j reason of
my
having
so recently as
October
received the appointment to take charge of your laboratory,
observations will be largely suggestive of what might be done
and of improvements, which I think ought to be provided by your
Commission, to insure sufficient facilities to accomplish all that is
possible
The
but
it
and
desirable.
history of the laboratory dates back only to
is
now
fairly
sanitary control of
all
last,
equipped to maintain a thorough
well
the springs of the Reservation. It is already
making frequent analyses
of the waters of the different mineral
springs to determine their exact mineral content,
medical profession
June
may
so
that the
be thoroughly informed of the constituents
of those that are of medicinal value.
There are
also additional
springs to be studied with reference to further increasing the
variety of waters offered.
The plan
of the State
Health in carrying on weekly partial analyses of
Department of
all
the springs
has been adopted in order that any serious departure from ordi-
nary conditions
may
be immediately detected.
able to supervise and inspect
all
The
laboratory
is
waters bottled and placed upon
the market for sale.
The Saratoga Soft Sweet Spring
Through the establishment of the laboratory,
possible to cooperate with the engineering
effectively extensive tests of
by the
'State,
and thereby
soft water, that will
staff'
it
has been
and
made
to carry
on
numerous fresh water springs owned
to
locate a plentiful supply of pure
undoubtedly prove to be a source of large
revenue and marks a decided step forward in developing the
re-
sources of the Reservation.
Development of this water, that meets a long felt need, is now
made and it will be distributed under the name of " The
Saratoga Soft Sweet Spring Water." Tt is already in demand
being
;
locally.
f55]
�.
;
.
State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
56
The spring
is
wooded
finelj located in a thickly
ravine, extend-
ing from the Willow Gate to the heart of Geyser Park.
Along
this
ravine an attractive footpath will prove most inviting to visitors
who
will be impressed
by the copious supply of cool refreshing
The surroundings insure the continuance
water.
of the fine sani-
tary qualities of the water with the proper protection as planned
and the great flow of the water during the extreme drought of the
summer vouchsafes
past
The
a permanent and plentiful supply.
from minerals, as the
upper stratum of sand is entirely sealed off from the more soluble
rock below by an impervious table of clay and the water bubbles
forth from the sands which are siliceous and very insoluble in
water.
In this we have a spring water that is surpassed by none
of those on the market in purity, and equalled by few in softness.
The following is the analysis of the Soft Sweet Spring water
Saratoga Soft Sweet Spring
is
quite free
;
made
at the Resei-vation laboratory:
The
results are expressed in parts per million.
Chemical combinations
Ions:
15.65
Silica
Sulphuric acid radicle
9
.
59
Bicarbonic acid rad-
Nitric acid radicle..
.71
.
Nitrous acid radicle.
trace
4.00
Chlorine
Iron
and
aluminum
oxide
Potassium chloride
19.30
Magnesium
3.08
Potassium
Sodium
6.25
.
.
.
.
10.71
.
2.94
.97
.
trace
14.98
78.04
ate
Calcium bicarbonate.
Iron
and
aluminum
.50
oxide
.16
Ammonium
.31
6.35
Sodium chloride
Sodium sulphate
Magnesium sulphate
Sodium nitrate
Sodium nitrite ....
Magnesium bicarbon-
.50
Calcium
trace
chloride
.
71.33
icle
Ammonium
15.65
Silica
.006
Total solids in solution,
The
computed
.
.
130.45
bacteriological examination shows the absence of the B.
Coli typo of organism and a total count on gelatine of five per
cubic
centimeter.
The
laboratory
has approved a temporary
method for the proper bottling of the water
to supply
a per-
�::
:
Report
sistent
op'
the Commissionees
67
immediate demand, until the permanent bottling house can
be completed, and will maintain a strict sanitary supervision of
all
the water dispensed to the public.
Observations on Mineral Springs Made at the Laboratory
The
of
made indicate that many
now at the height of their
vary much from analyses made for
results of the complete analyses
these
springs
are
practically
mineralization, as they do not
a period of one year and a half previous, and during that time
were showing concentrations equal
however, exhibits a marked
The
partial analyses
to the present.
The Orenda,
increase in gas pressure.
made weekly show
results that bear out the
expressed opinions of the Commission, the Consulting Engineer
and Dr. Haertl
that,
under proper
also gradually attain their
care, the older springs will
former values.
A
tabulation of some
of these results shows a gratifying increase in mineralization,
and bears out the supposition that the springs will attain a
still
greater value.
Results in Parts Per Million
Spring pnd Date
r ''VioTYTrM*/->TT ATrw
^^UdUipiOn
Chlorine
July
Alkalinity in
ot Calciurn C arbonate
1055
1180
960
1584
1510
SodiuHias
•
1
August 5
September
Chloride
640
1
±^0. 1.
Chlorine
terms
1500
2473
1840
October 21
1720
2838
November 27
2080
3432
1950
2100
1
1340
2110
September 2
1420
2341
2700
2800
November 27
Minnonebe
1520
2508
2850
July 22
1080
1780
2350
September 21
1320
2178
2650
November 11
1360
2244
2600
520
857
1650
1980
1380
9
Geyser
July
Awassa
July
1
August
5
November 27
1000
1200
1100
1440
�State Ri';sekvation at Saratoga Spkings
58
In making the above tabulation, the date showing the lowest
was selected and then the dates on which there
were marked increases were noted until we reached the highest
minei'alization
concentration vet obtained.
It
will
be observed that the
pion has increased from month to month, until
more than 300 per
concentration
only
up
five
its
months before.
cent,
has reached a
higher than that shown
This remarkable increase has brought
mineralization nearly to that shown in
the last tests on
it
Cham-
HathoTn No.
showing
1
Hathom
1,
While other
2360 parts per million and an alkalinity of 2450.
springs have not exhibited such
No.
a chlorine content of
marked improvement, they are
on the upward trend and give every indication of continuing
The springs throughout the
progress.
village are
showing a fairly
constant mineralization, there being no great changes recorded.
Sanitary CJontrol of the Springs
The
sanitary qualities of
district justify
all
village springs, with the exception of the
use of
vi'hich
Park
the springs in the Geyser
our expectations, and the same
may
be said of the
two Red Springs, the
has been discontinued, owing to their close prox-
imity to the brook that Hows through the heart of the village and
necessarily
contaminating influences.
encounters
Analyses
the fresh water supply on the north side of C'anfield Park,
on November 16th, show a very low bacterial count,
the B. Coli type of organism not appearing.
specially important as this water
who
of the village,
their
homes and
carry
is
away
it
of
made
per cc,
This work was
used extensively by the people
in large quantities for use in
offices.
C^EOsiNG OF Springs
There
are
nearly
two
hundred wells
on
the
Reservation
property and of this number only thirty are allowed to run.
are hermetically sealed and others are filled with clay.
Some
This has
been done in accordance with the policy to conserve the gas and
to prevent
the wells
unnecessary depletion of the mineral water basin.
now
flowing, a
complete study.
few
will probably be closed
Of
upon more
�Report of the Commissioners
59
Testing of Materials
The laboratory has
tested chemically materials to be used in
the construction and maintenance of the Reservation buildings,
such as cement and painting materials.
It has tested the
crowns
used in bottling the waters and phosphor-bronze with reference
to its
Owing
use in the tubing of mineral wells.
of testing
many
to the necessity
of the building materials physically, as well as
chemically, to insure the best selection for future construction,
it
is important that certain physical apparatus be now installed.
The nature of this should be determined in consultation with the
The amount of construction work planned for the
coming year makes the purchase of this apparatus important
from the economic standpoint also.
engineer.
Researcif Problems
There are now under way in the laboratory the complete analyses of
samples of rock strata taken from the new iCongress bore at
different levels as the drilling proceeds.
determine scientifically the nature
plot accurately the depths
encountered.
The
object of this
of the geologic fault,
is
to
and
to
and the extent of the different
strata
This method will be followed for each new bore
The laboratory will take up an extensive
mental work on alloys, for the purpose of finding a
made.
line of experisuitable,
cheap
metal, that will withstand the action of the mineral waters and
All prob-
can be used for mineral water tanks and for piping.
lems of research are interesting and more
or less valuable.
will be the policy of the laboratory, therefore, to take
problems of research
as are
It
up such
most necessary and of immediate
value to the Reservation Commission.
Radio-Activity
It is advisable to install
now
the necessary apparatus for the
determination of the amount of radio-activity in the Saratoga
Springs.
vation
by
Radio-activity has been found in the waters of the reserIT.
S.
Government chemists, and
it
is
important
that the State develop all the knowledge, possible as to its extent
and therapeutic value.
This can only be done by making an
exhaustive study of the subject in this laboratory
springs.
and
at
the
�State Resekvation at Saratoga Springs
60
Total Tests
Since the establishment of the laboratory
last
June there has
been a total of 1,500 chemical and bacteriological determinations
made.
Respectfully submitted,
HERBERT ANT,
January
1,
1915.
Chemist.
�Report of the Secretary
January
To
the Honorahle, the
Gentlemen
May
last,
I
:
1,
1915.
Commissioners of the State Reservation:
was appointed secretary to your Commission in
my duties on June 1st, since which time I
keep in hand the manifold details which the de-
entering upon
have endeavored
to
velopment of the Reservation has produced.
am
I
familiar with
some of the requirements which such an important development
suggests, inasmuch as I have had several years' experience in the
marketing of waters sold for drinking purposes.
fore, as directed
I have, there-
by you, given constant thought to that aspect
making
of the problem in your hands,
time
as careful study as
would allow of the various questions connected with the
in cathartic waters and carbonated table waters.
traffic
Since the de-
velopment of the Saratoga Soft Sweet Spring Water, which is so
exceptionally promising as a marketable table water, I have per-
haps the more readily been able
to associate this
problem with
my
previous experience.
I realize, of course, that
in
many
particulars, the
it
was not possible
methods used
at the
to
plants for bottling the waters of the Reservation.
as anticipated, that a proper
and
keep up-to-date,
numerous
I
isolated
have found,
full consideration of these ques-
tions will suggest important economies in the administration of
the water problems and should facilitate the preparation of this
product of the Reservation to properly meet a constantly increasing demand, and also should indicate the true and very great possibilities of the
waters when properly exploited.
The matter I deem of first importance is the introduction of
more modern and riygienic methods of bottling and the installation
of machinery and other equipment for a more satisfactory performance of certain operations heretofore done by manual labor.
These improvements should result not only in a reduction of
operating expenses but in the production of the finest quality of
waters.
[61]
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
62
Some
of these iuiprovements have been
made during
the year
and within the limit of available funds; others are now in progress and being planned.
In view, however, of the present unsuitable and inadequate buildings, such improvements must of
be partial, reserving the larger and more up-to-date
necessity
appliances for installation in the
new
State should erect in the near future,
mit of the bottling therein of
Carrying of
all
all
waters in pipes
bottling plant which the
— one
large enough to per-
the waters of the Reservation.
to,
and the bottling of same
one building will reduce greatly the
in,
initial cost to the State of
providing more sanitary methods for the bottling of
its
various
waters.
The Hathom No.
piped
the Geyser building, which has been remodeled to a cer-
to
tain extent
making
it
improved
Orenda and Coesa waters are now
2,
and additional machinery and appliances
possible for us
now
installed,
to bottle in that building,
sanitary conditions, the five
under
mineral waters heretofore
Aside from the advantages
and general increased efficiency, this
bottled in three separate buildings.
of improved bottling methods
centralizing of our bottling in the largest convenient building
owned by the
State, but
which
sult in a reduction in operating expenses of about
In September
last I
made
40 per
cent.
among acquaintin New York City
a personal canvass
ances and important business houses and hotels
dealing in such waters.
now
is still not large enough, will re-
All expressed approval of the State's
acquisition of the mineral springs
now under
its
control
and
offered their full support to the efforts of the Commission, con-
upon the State's first securing through adverand otherwise the renewal of a general demand for these
restored waters, as the call for them has naturally well nigh
vanished during the years of their absence from the market, I
beg, therefore, to emphasize the vital importance of your approditional, however,
tising
priating sufficient funds for advertising the advantages of the
State waters and the fact of their availability to the public through
the
medium
of bottles filled
and sealed under sanitary precau-
The same advertisements could set forth further their
modern use in the State bath houses at Saratoga Springs, conThe adducted under the supervision of the iState Commission.
tions.
vantages
now
assured cannot fail to produce confidence because of
the official stafF
composed of expertf
�63
Report of the Commissioners
I would respectfully suggest to the Commission that serious
consideration be given to the matter of establishing for a period of
one year, for more effective advertising, suitable headquarters in
the
uptown
ing
if
section of
possible
New York
windows facFifth Avenue, in which to
City, with display
upon Broadway or
exhibit bottled waters, photographs, models of our natural spout-
ing springs, bath houses,
etc.,
and for the proper conduct from
same of a vigorous campaign in the
Health Resort.
as a
The
cost of
interest of Saratoga Springs
maintaining such an
office
in
City for the next year need not exceed $10,000, dependSuch an expenditure
ing, of course, upon the location selected.
New York
would
assist greatly in establishing the business
on a permanent
would not be advisable for the Commission to make a
lease of the marketing privileges of these waters for a period of
years until such necessary advertising shall have been done.
Through the immediate prosecution of such a campaign it is safe
basis.
It
Commission would be in position to enter into such
an arrangement at the end of the year 1915.
In conducting its advertising campaign next year the Commission should lay great stress upon, and make most emphatic
to say that the
announcement
to the public that all of the
mineral waters offered
for sale under the State seal are natural mineral waters, with
natural carbonic acid gas, to which no ingredients whatever have
been added, and thus correct a misunderstanding of the facts that
now
exists in the
minds of many.
Respectfully submitted,
LOUIS W. NOLAND,
Secretary.
�.
State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
64
PAYMENTS FROM SARATOGA SPRINGS RESERVATION
FUND
UNDER CHAPTER
394,
LAWS OF
1911,
AND CHAPTER
239,
LAWS OF
1913
$950, 000 00
Appropriation, purchase of land
FINANCIAL STATEMENT
CHAPTER
239,
LAWS OF
1913
(Re-appropriation of Balance from Chapter 394 of 1911.)
Balance, January
Feb.
5.
$399,353 28
1914 (per last report)
1,
Emily H. Hathorn, of Hathorn & Co.,
Florence Hathorn and A. L. Alleradministratrices of estate of
dice,
Frank H. Hathorn, deceased,
for
$225,000 00
40,125 00
8,500 00
Amy A. Clark, for property
1 ,279 25
Amy A. Clark, interest
332 50
C. S. & C. C. Lester, l^al services..
7,000 00
Ida E. Traver, for property
1 113 00
Ida E. Traver, interest
4 750 00
Fred Dingman, for property
property
Emily H. Hathorn
19.
March
20.
May
27.
et
al.,
interest...
,
,
June
3.
J.
Mott & Son,
S.
services
as civil
75 82
engineers
&
C. S.
July
3.
Edward Croker,
Edward Croker,
16,000 00
for property
2, 122 67
interest
1,199 00
596 00
Charlesanna L. Huston, for property
and surveys, etc
Charlesanna L. Huston, interest.
5,679 75
.
126 85
J.
B. Bailey, services as appraiser..
20 00
L.
M. Jones, services as appraiser
20 00
40 00
83 00
.
27. C. S.
31.
.
Oct.
884 95
& C. C. Lester, legal services.
& C. C. Lester, legal services..
C. S.
Aug.
C. C. Lester, legal services..
1.
W.
Lefler,
S.
.
.
.
services as appraiser..
Willard Lester, services as appraiser
of
Saratt^a Springs, for
property
Village of Saratoga Springs, interest
28. Village
C. S.
&
C. C. Lester, legal services..
Balance, January
1,
1915
5,000 00
348 33
778 50
$321,074 62
78,278 66
�Report of the Commissioners
CHAPTER
547,
LAWS OF
65
1912
Secretary's Salary
Balance, January
$566 68
1914
15,
2.
I.
G. Rouillard, services, January
25.
I.
G. Rouillard, services, February..
20.
1.
March
April
Rouillard,
G.
.
.
.
$200 00
200 00
March,
services,
166 68
partial
$560 68
Secretary's salary for balance of year paid from Chapter 252, appropriated
for General Expenses.
CHAPTER
Jan.
435,
LAWS OF
15.
Balance
$5,716 62
High
Rock
and
Geyser
High
Rock
and
Geyser
Payrolls,
High
Rock
and
Geyser
Parks
Aird-Don
Co.,
pipe
Betts,
well
drilling
22. Payrolls,
Parks
Feb.
$228 85
11. Payrolls,
Parks
Marcii
1913
General Expenses
1914.
2.
L.
211 30
159 77
62-53
375 00
Buhring Water Purifying
Co.,
sup-
164 90
plies
A.
Churchill,
L.
receiver
taxes,
of
68 50
taxes
M. Collins, furniture
C. H. R. Compton, operation
netic Baths
32 50
C.
Eddy & Sons, grass
D.
A.
Dr.
W.
Ferris,
of
Mag236 33
35 05
seed
medical
expert,
916 66
7 90
services
H. Gleason, plumbing
Mangelsdorf seed bags
J.
J.
47 28
,
J. S.
Mott & Son, surveys and maps.
National Express Co., expi-ess
N. Y. Telephone Co., telephone and
telegrams
43 76
26 24
25 76
Commissioner
G.
F.
Peabody,
office
expenses
70 52
Commissioner G. F. Peabody, travel..
G. Rouillard, secretary, travel ....
The Saratogian, printing
54 08
H. B. Settle, photographs
G. F. Shelvin Mfg. Co., labor
Sun Printing Co.. printing
-
17 64
I.
30 40
Ten Eyck
23 30
3
Co.,
travel
17 50
19 80
15 82
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
66
1914.
Marcli
2.
Van Voast & Leonard, insurance.
& Son, wooden pipe.
A. Wyckoff
High
16. Payrolls,
Rock
and
...
$4 50
...
14 71
Geyser
Parks
G. Anthony, consulting engineer,
services and expenses
Farmers' Hardware Co., supplies
196 50
25. C.
Dr.
A.
W.
Ferris,
medical
expert,
services
W. M. Ingmire, plumbing
National Express Co., express..
N. Y. Telephone Co., telephone and
telegrams
E. R. Todd, supplies
Wittemann
Bros., supplies
31. Payrolls, field forces
April
16.
and laborers.
Payrolls, field forces and laborers.
Balance
238 15
�.
Eeport of the Commissioners
67
1914.
April
20.
Ten Eyck Co., travel
Towne-Koblee Hardware
Co., supplies
W. Winship, improvements,
G.
(con-
26 10
crete)
& Son
A. Wyckoff
24. Payrolls, office
May
8.
20.
$56 50
10 76
Payrolls, office
Co.,
and
and
wooden pipe..
field forces
forces
field
8 62
282 38
758 70
G. Kouillard, secretary, services and
I.
travel, April
204 36
Anthony, consulting engineer,
services and travel, April
293 15
A. Bensel, State Engineer, surveys.
B. Brunner, stationery .supplies
213 44
128 87
C.
G.
J.
W.
(
J.
&
Case
Son,
improvements
carpentry)
&
Collins
106 00
Spencer,
improvements
(plumbing)
Crosby Steam Gage Co., supplies ....
John W. Emery, supplies
72 05
Ermold Co., supplies
Farmers' Hardware Co., supplies....
26 08
31 88
Goulds Mfg.
12 15
E.
A.
Dr.
W.
Co.,
supplies
Ferris,
medical
916 67
Hennessy, county clerk, services
Hoyt Bros.
Co., supplies
1
00
68 00
U. T. Hungerford Co., copper pipe
C. J. Lundgren, supplies
National Express Co., express
N. Y. Telephone Co., telephone, tele.
.
grams
T. C.
7 50
expert,
services
J. F.
4 69
730 83
8 10
20 79
39 95
20 25
Schallehn, improvements
Stone & Morris, livery
Sun Printing Co., office printing ....
W. P. Tarrant, plumber, supplies and
8 00
50 00
86 83
services
H. H. Tedford, improvements, Geyser
Park
Roblee Hardware Co., supplies
Commissioner B. F. Tracy, travel....
ToAATie,
A. Wyckoff
& Son Co., wooden pipe..
& Packing Co., supplies
X. Y. Belting
21. Payroll,
May
1-15,
May
16-30,
office
and
field
and
field
872 24
forces
June
10. Payroll,
230 00
13 26
37 78
33 03
22 80
forces
office
552 00
8,259 37
Balance
$2,592 05
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
68
CHAPTER
252,
LAWS OF
Expenses and
General
1914
Land Acquisitions
$235,000 00
2,592 05
Appropriation
Balance transferred from Chapter 46, Laws of 1914
$237,592 05
1914.
June
June
26. Payrolls,
1-15,
office
and
field
$492 00
forces
C.
Anthony, consulting engineer,
services and expenses, May
G.
240 00
12 50
3 45
Burdick, insurance
J.
I.
E. B. Davis,
rodman, travel
Eddy & Son, Inc., supplies
Farmers' Hardware Co., supplies ....
12 00
D.
Dr.
W.
A.
Ferris,
28 30
medical expert,
May
services,
833 33
9 15
L. O. Hall, trees
Hartwell & Shackelford, insurance...
U. T. Hungerford Co., copper pipe.
115 99
706 02
.
C.
S.
&
C.
C.
Lester, legal services,
and expenses
4,
Manglesdorf, seed bags
J. D. McNulty, insurance
National Express Co., express
J.
266 47
20 00
438 98
8 40
N. Y. Telephone Co., telephone, tele-
grams
Commissioner
40 81
G.
F.
Peabody,
office
expenses
G. Rouillard, secretary, travel....
Security Steel & Iron Co., supplies.
I.
.
7 00
photographs
G. F. Shelvin Mfg. Co., supplies
H.
B.
W.
J.
Settle,
4 05
Thompson, chemist, travel ....
Ingham, White & Co., insurance. ...
Van Voast & Leonard, insurance....
G. W. Winship, improvements (con6.
27 75
Payrolls, June 16-30, office and field
forces
21.
665
37 50
38 38
crete)
July
49 00
30 45
25 04
511 05
•
Payrolls,
July 1-15,
office
and
field
forces
Anthony, consulting engineer,
services, Jime
Adirondack Electric Power Corp., sup-
30. C.
260 00
7 81
plies
Argus
J.
582 50
G.
Co., stationery, supplies
50 00
A. Bensel, State Engineer, services,
expenses
Bernard Brunnor, stationery supplies..
256 45
41 23
�1
69
Repokt of the Commissioners
1&14.
July
30.
Buhring Water Purifying
sup-
Co.,
$70 00
758 50
plies
Cook Motor Co., gasoline engine
Harry Crocker, improvements (car-
506 93
30 50
pentry)
E. C. Eaton, trucking
C. B. Elmore, services
and travel,
June
Eimer & Amend, laboratory supplies.
The Fairbanks Co., supplies
A.
Dr.
W.
94 65
62 34
6 09
medical expert,
Ferris,
833 33
37 10
services, June
Gage & Perry, travel
Gallagher Bottle Machinery Co., sup35 00
546 00
plies
Goulds Mfg.
Co.,
machinery
4 80
C. E. Hall, well expert, travel
U. T. Hungerford Brass
copper pipe
Koven
L. O.
C.
Lester,
C.
& Copper
Co.,
952 88
58 00
Bros., supplies
legal
and
services
ex-
penses
1
Wm.
C.
9 00
McQueen, well drilling
N. Y. Telephone Co., telephone
Commissioner G. F. Peabody, travel.
Commissioner G. F. Peabody, office
expenses
Christian Pederson, services and supPeterson,
Materials
Scientific
Co.,
233 19
90 00
119 50
5 50
10 45
laboratory
406
supplies
Sherin & Son, improvement
1
(electri-
51 65
cal)
F.
Shelvin
Mfg.
Co.,
improve140 18
ments
D. Stever, trucking
Stone & Morris, livery
W. P. Tarrant, improvement (plumbing)
Wm.
22 53
gardener,
landscape
services and travel
Reeves-Reagan Co., improvements...
Saratoga Coal Co., svipplies
T. C. Schallehn, improvements
Geo.
305 00
30 35
8 45
plies
John
,509 65
15 00
Mangelsdorf, seed bags
John McNeary & Sons, livery
J.
J.
Thompson, chemist, travel...
J. S. Turner, supplies
98 50
4 00
179 02
12 60
2 60
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
70
1914.
July
Aug.
30.
5.
Western Union Telegraph Co.,
grama
A. Wyckoff Son Co., wooden pipe
Payroll, July 16-31, office and
laborers,
forces,
Aug.
20. Payroll,
tele-
$12 77
178 21
field
685 33
etc
1-15,
office
and
field
656
forces
26.
Adirondack
Andrus,
A.
Corp.,
current
electric
E.
Power
Electric
repaired
roof
and
painted, 3 years' guarantee
G.
C.
Anthony, consulting engineer,
and expenses, July
services
liaker
&
Co., Inc., laboratory supplies
F. E. Brickner
(
&
Co.,
improvements
electrical )
Burleigh Lithographing Co., printing.
Bernard Brunner, stationery supplies,
Harry Crocker, improvement (carpentry)
Crown Cork & Seal
Co., supplies ....
Elvin C. Eaton & Son, trucking
Arthur K. Eaton, livery
Excelsior
Wrapper
Co., supplies
Farmers' Hardware Co., supplies ....
Earl B. Davis, rodman, travel
Dr. A. W. Ferris, medical expert,
833 33
services
&
Gaifney
B.
(
Sons,
Improvement,
concrete)
General Carbonic Co., supplies
improvement,
Handy,
Frank
H.
(
painting)
Hartwell
&
Shackelford, insurance...
Ingham White &
Co., insurance
Lewis M. Jones Co., insurance
Carl J. Lundgren, improvement
J. Mangelsdorf seed bags
National Express Co., express
N. Y. Telephone Co., telephone
Commissioner G. F. Peabody, office
,
ex-
penses
Commissioner G. F. Peabody, travel
John Peterson, landscape gardener,
services and travel
F.
Rattipjan,
Warden, Auburn
C.
.
Prison, supplies
Reeves-Reagan Paint
Co., signs
.
25 50
7.')
20
30 00
�Repokt of the Commissioners
'J'l
1914.
An».
26.
James
improvement,
Ryall,
A.
(plumbing)
Sherin
$235 61
•
Son, improvement,
&
(electri-
24190
trical)
26 50
Geo. F. Shevlin Mfg. Co., improvement
Material Co., laboratory
Scientific
9720
supplies
Stone
&
Wm.
,
8 00
Morris, livery
improvement,
Tarrant,
P.
832 30
1 70
(plumbing)
Wm. J. Thompson, chemist, travel. ..
Towne-Roblee Hardware Co., supplies
West Disinfecting
W.
George
23 84
5 00
supplies
Co.,
improvement
Winship,
99 62
52 00
(concrete)
Sept.
3.
John McNeary & Sons, livery
Van Voast & Leonard, insurance
Western Union Telegraph Co., telegrams
16-31, office and
Payroll, August
field
Oct.
7-
680 65
1-15,
September
office
and
office
and
7G4 72
forces
Payroll, September 16-30,
"
field
5.
2 81
forces
23. Payroll,
field
27 75
Adirondack
tion,
I'^^l 07
forces
Electric
electric
Power Corpora32 12
current
Charles G. Anthony, consulting engineer,
The Argus
Co.,
240 30
52 80
5 00
August
services,
supplies
P. Blakistons Sons & Co., supplies..
Bernard Brunner, stationery supplies
A.
L.
Churchill,
receiver
of
27 32
taxes,
taxes
90 69
47 25
The Crown Cork & Seal Co., supplies.
E. C. Eaton & Son, trucking
Eimer & Amend, laboratory supplies..
Cyrus B. Elmore, travel
77 18
Federal Printing Co., printing
Dr. A. W. Ferris, medical expert,
services
The Goulds Mfg.
Co.,
machinery
Charles E. Hall, well expert, travel
Frank H. Handy, supplies
Hoyt Bros. & Co., supplies
Samuel J. Mott, blue prints, etc
John McNeary & Sons, livery
Wm. McQueen, well drilling
N. Y. Telephone Co., telephone
.
.
4 00
65 00
833 33
260 25
3 90
2 70
14 00
7 31
6 00
100 "5
12 07
�$5
�73
Report of the Commissionees
1914.
Oct.
29.
N. Y. Telephone
Commissioner
$26 24
Co., telephone
Geo.
Foster
Peabody,
Foster
Peabody,
1^5 98
expenses
office
Commissioner
Geo.
1
travel
John
Peterson,
landscape
50
gardener,
73 50
services and travel
James A. Randall, Syracuse Fair Ex265 85
hibit
The Reeves-Reagan Paint
sup-
Co.,
22 50
13 35
plies
Ross-Ketchum Co., supplies
improvements,
Ryall,
A.
James
(plumbing)
Materials
Scientific
61 62
Co.,
laboratory
16 50
supplies
H.
B. Settle,
Ill 55
photographs
498 00
5 00
A. Sigsby, painting
Stone & Morris, livery
J.
Wm.
Tarrant, improvements
P.
and
285 37
supplies
Co., Inc., sup-
Underwood Typewriter
87 08
plies
18 45
insurance....
Van Voast & Leonard,
31. Payroll, October 1-15, office and field
1'731 89
forces
Nov.
11. Pavroll, October 16-31,
and
field
office
and
office
1-877 94
forces
November
21. Payroll,
1-15,
2,037 18
field forces
Dec.
3.
Adirondack Electric Power Corporation,
electric
Charles
56 99
current
Anthony, consulting enservices and travel, October
G.
f^ineer,
The Argus
Co., stationery supplies.
377 41
31 86
..
Berkefield Filter Co., supplies
17 50
Davis Bradley, trucking
Bernard Brunner, stationery supplies
H. H. Coots, trees
Harry Crocker, improvements, (car-
9 50
13 46
1
pentry)
Eaton & Son, trucking
Elvin C.
Daniel Eddy
&
Sons,
supplies
Eimer & Amend, laboratory supplies
John W. Emery, supplies
August Erickson, trees
The Farmers Hardware Co., supplies
Dr.
A.
42 78
W.
Bervices
Ferris,
medical
and expenses
,098 34
24 00
10 56
68 23
8 00
108 38
9 23
expert,
929 02
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
74
1914.
Dec.
3.
The Goulds Mfg. Co., machinery
George Groff, trees
W. & L. E. Gurley, field equipment.
Charles E. Hall, well expert, travel
.
$147 24
17 50
158 10
.
2 30
.
Hayes & Prescott, signs
33 30
D. H. Henry, trees
240 00
Kewanee Private
Utilities
Co.,
ma-
chinery
742 00
Keystone Driller
Co.,
drill
and ma-
chinery
L. O.
Koven &
town
Leonard,
P.
2,019 24
116 00
Bro., supplies
superintendent,
3 00
services
John McNeary,
16 50
livery
National Express Co., expressage.
N. Y. Telephone Co., telephone
The New York Times
Co.,
8 76
...
15 68
advertis-
ing
175 50
Clarence K. Parmenter, improvements
(
185 92
carpentry)
James Paul, trees
John Peterson, landscape gardener,
services and expenses
Commissioner
office
Geo.
Foster
403 50
104 00
Peabody,
404 80
expenses
Robson & Adee, furniture
Ross-Ketchum Co., supplies
James
Ryall,
improvements
A.
(plumbing)
Saratoga Coal
62 00
11
555 80
31 50
Co., supplies
The Saratogian, printing
Henry Senecal, trees
E. D. Starbuck
&
114 00
23 16
54 00
22 30
14 74
Co., supplies
State Insurance Fund, insurance
The Sim Printing Co., printing
Sun Printing & Publishing Co.,
ad-
180 00
vertising
Wm.
23 61
P. Tarrant, supplies
The Tribune Association, advertising.
R. H. Thompson, painting
Wm. J. Thompson, chemist, travel...
175 00
388 09
1 40
T. Tooley, trucking
12.
8 00
44 78
Towne-Roblee Hardware Co., supplies
Western Union Telegraph Co., telegrams
Fred C. White, supplies
Payroll, November 16-30, office and
field forces
10
12 97
28 56
2 224 41
,
�»5
Report OK the Commissioners
1914.
Dec.
23. Payroll,
December l-lo,
office
and
field
$2,900 60
forces
1915..
Jan.
6.
84 12
Co., printing
Charles G. Anthony, consulting engi-
The Argus
neer, services
Spa
Ballston
Mack
and travel
Garage Co.,
367 IS
IVi-ton
truck, with specially designed
2,549 00
top
Ballston Spa Garage Co., trucking ...
47 40
The Blake & Knowles Steam Pump
Works, machinery
364 00
51 11
Chas. A. Brassier, services
F. W. Brownell, travel
F. W. Bro\vnell, trucking
F.
F.
W.
W.
8 00
40 50
29 25
22 50
23 96
Brownell, trucking
Brownell, supplies
Bernard Brunner, supplies
C. P. Coleman & G. M. P. Murphy,
ceivers, machinery
re-
223 00
91 86
145 74
274 21
H. H. Coots, trees
Harry Crocker, improvements
Delaware & Hudson
Co., freight
15
E. E. Dennin, services
Henry Dooney, fence wire
E. C. Eaton, trucking
B. Elmore, travel
1
C
Albert
Warren
8 00
Ferris,
259 95
441 00
8 34
medical
833 33
65 54
725 90
expert, services
Dr. Albert Warren Ferris, travel
The Goulds Mfg. Co., machinery
8 00
Will W. Gregory, supplies
Hartwell & Shackelford, insurance...
D. H. Henry, trees
U. T. Hungerford Brass & Copper Co.,
3 30
30 00
463 56
84 20
copper pipe
Independent Coal Co., supplies
Ingham, White & Co., insurance. ...
Wm. H. Lane, supplies
H. E. Lesan Adv. Agency, Inc., adver-
^
tising
C. S.
&
J.
."
C. C. Lester, legal services
220 80
and
1
Lundgren, improvements
John McNeary & Sons,
71 82
25 00
.
expenses
Carl
50
5 70
John W. Emery, supplies
August Erickson, trees
Edward Ermold Co., labeling machine
The Farmers Hardware Co., supplies.
Dr.
00
14 40
livery
•
505 37
17 00
3 75
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
76
1915.
Jan.
0.
James Morrissey, improvements
.Samuel J. Mott, blue prints, etc.
National Express Co., express
.
.
$95 73
24 12
...
7 75
16 25
N. Y. Telephone Co., telephone
Louis W. Noland, secretary, travel ...
James Paul,
23 26
Ill 60
trees
7 50
F. H. Partridge, lire extinguishers...
Commissioner
Foster
Peabody,
Foster
Geo.
Peabody,
161 55
expenses
office
Commissioner
Geo.
15 35
travi'l
Peterson,
Jolin
landscape
gardener,
landscape
gardener,
69 00
services
John
Peterson,
130 00
supplies
The Reeves-Reagon Co., improvements painting)
Ross-Ketchum Co., Inc., supplies
438
(
Irving G. Rouillard, special services.
James
.
improvements,
Ryall,
A.
plumbing)
Salem Glass Works, bottles
Saratoga Coal Co
(
H. B. Settle, photographs
Sherin & Son, improvement
(electri-
cal)
Geo. F. Shelvin
Sigsby,
A.
J.
JNIfg.
Co., supplies ....
improvement,
(paint-
ing)
Oscar R. Stenstrora, bath master, services
&
Stone
Wm.
Morris, livery
P.
Tarrant,
improvement,
plumbing)
E. R. Todd, supplies
(
T. J. Totten, Inc., supplies
Van Voast & Leonard,
insurance
Western Union Telegraph
grams
Fred C. White, bottles
Geo.
Geo.
W. Winship,
W. Winship.
Co..
tele-
supplies
concrete
swimming
pools
A. \^'yckoff Son Co.. wooden pipe
A. WyckofF Son Co., wooden pipe.
8.
.
.
.
Henry R. Worthington, machinery...
Payroll December 16-31, laborers.
.
19. C.
.
.
Anthony, consulting engineer,
services and travel
G.
Argus
Co., printing
�Report of the Commissioners
$3
77
�State Eesekvation at Saratoga Springs
78
1915.
Jan.
19.
H. B. Settle, photographs
Sherin & Son, supplies
E. D. Starbuck & Co., supplies
$53 30
3 05
70 00
15 25
Stone & Morris, livery
Wm. P. Tarrant, improvements,
plumbing)
Wm. H. Thomas Monument Co.,
marble
430 00
(
150 00
Towne-Roblee Hardware Co., supplies
Commissioner B. F. Tracy, travel
S. Twitchell Co., storage
48 01
28 63
780 00
tanks
Western Union Telegraph Co., telegrams
Geo.
W. Winship, improvements,
7 04
325 17
(concrete)
Wittemann
12 90
Bros., supplies
Herbert Ant, chemist, travel
20. Payroll,
December
16-31,
2 20
office
and
738 89
field forces
$79,508 99
Balance, January 20, 1915
cember
$158,083 06
J'eceipts to
March
(after paying De-
bills)
December
'31,
1914
$110 00
25. E. C. Eaton, sale of building
April
4.
May
2.
June
10.
4.
Wallace White, rent (February, March and April)
H. H. Tedford, rent (February 1 to March 15)
J. G. Foulkes, rent (February and March)
Wallace White, rent (May)
Arthur G. Qua, iron pipe
B. Gordon, scrap iron
Wallace White, rent (June)
26. Leslie A. Cook, bottle caps
July
3.
July
31.
Phineas Smith, hay
Wallace White, rent (July)
Adirondack Elec. Power Corporation, 4
Wm.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Sept.
Sept.
Oct.
C.
Ehn
trees
McQueen, pump barrel
Wallace White, rent (August)
Davis Bradley, 1 out-house
September)
6. Wallace White, rent
Elvin C. Eaton, sale of Congress Spring pavilion.
17.
Elvin C. Eaton, Sale of Dingman house
28.
31.
2.
(
9.
16.
Nov.
3.
Oct.
6.
A. Lavine, sale 2 buildings
Abe Cooper, scrap iron and old belting
Wallace White, rent (October)
Receiver of Taxes, over-payment of water tax (High
Rock Bath)
18 00
9 00
20 00
6 00
1 1 60
17 00
6 00
10 30
7 00
6 00
14 00
10 00
6 00
2 00
6 00
50 00
225 00
212 50
188 00
6 00
20 18
�Report of the Commissioners
Nov.
28.
Wm.
C
McQueen,
1
3-inch
x G-inch
79
strainer, 1 6-
inch X 6-inch atrainer
$16 40
34 69
H. Partridge, Commission on sanitary cup sales
F. H. Partridge, 2 5-gal. demijohns crated
Robson & Adee, Commission on sanitary cup sales
Nov.
30. F.
Dec.
12.
2 00
71 66
$1,
Remittances
1914.
April
4
May
5
Aug.
Nov.
11
Dec.
18.
5
to
Comptroller
085
�State Eeservation at Saeatoga SrEiKGS
80
STUDY OF THE HYDRAULICS OF THE MINERAL
WATER SYSTEM AT SARATOGA SPRINGS
By Charles
C. Lester, A.M.,
Saratoga Springs, N. Y.
Counsel
to the
Commissioners of the State Reservation
Prefatory Remarks,
is
It
may seem
presiimj^tiious for one
who
by profession neither a chemist, geologist nor hydraulic engineer
upon a subject that involves the
to express opinions
science of
each of these professions, and has given rise to profound conflicts
of opinion.
It
happens, however, not infrequently, I think, that
an indifferent mind, by utilizing facts furnished by others and
acquired by a special skill and knowledge beyond its own, may
reach correct conclusions which those whose vision
is
habitually
restricted to the horizon of a single branch of learning
much
slower in reaching or perhaps
It is the business of a
and
it
lawyer
may
never reach at
may
be
all.
to co-ordinate conflicting opinions,
should be his highest aim from a multitude of such opinions
to learn
wisdom.
It is in this spirit I
have taken up the study of
the present subject.
If further apology should be needed,
the fact that for a long period of years
it
my
might be found
in
attention has been
drew the so-called antipumping law in 1908 (Laws 1908, chap. 420) at the request of
the " Citizens' Committee," an organization whose object was to
rescue the mineral springs of Saratoga, which its members rightly
esteemed one of the great natural resources of the State, from
specially
directed
to
threatened extinction.
this
subject.
I advocated
I
its
passage before legislative
committees and before the Governor, and have participated in
all
the litigation which followed and which involved the question of
and in the courts of
had an opportunity to meet, confer
with and question many very eminent experts who have expressed
opinions upon the subject, when I encovmtered them upon the
its
constitutionality, both in the State courts
the United States.
I have thus
witness stand and in private conference.
As
counsel to the
missioners of the State Reservation, after the State
came
Cominto
possession of the mineral water springs and wells at Saratoga,
�Report of the Commissioners
81
I gave general directions as to the collection of scientific data
lelating to the mineral water supply which I thought might he of
service to
them
later,
that, besides the
deep
and
I
have had the satisfaction of knowing
scientific interest that attaches lo the data
thus obtained, they are likely to serve the main pur]30se for which
they were collected.
Topography.
In studying the hydraulics of the mineral water
system that supplies the springs and wells of Saratoga,
it
is
necessary to consider briefly the topographical features of the
districts in
which the springs appear, as the topography has much
do with the location of the springs and
to
always involved in
is
every discussion of the phenomena.
The Saratoga Plateau.
connection
is
The
thing to be noted in this
first
upon which a large
and which extends,
every direction but the north from
the existence of an elevated plain
part of the village of Saratoga Springs
for a considerable distance, in
This plain
the Congress Spring.
is
built
about forty feet above the
is
point of overflow of the Hathorn Spring, and a
height above the water courses which bound
the mouths of
many
of the wells
in
the
it
much
greater
on the south and
Coesa valley.
The
northern boundary of this elevated plain or plateau, from a point
at or
near the
Red Spring
to a point
beyond the Eureka Spring,
a distance of approximately a mile and a half,
may
be considered
to be the water course known as the " Village Brook ;" the eastern
"
boundary, the low lands known as the " Great Bear Swamp
through which the Village Brook flows as
turns southward, upon
it
which boundary the plateau fronts for a distance of three or four
The southern boundary is the valley of the Kayaderosseras
miles.
and the western boundary the valley of the Coesa and its
northern Tributary, Slade's brook, which sweeps around to the
creek,
eastward, as you ascend
boundary.
the
Red
Spring, there
part of the village and
is
it,
thus forming part of the northern
But, between the head waters of the Slade brook and
is
a higher elevation
Woodlawn park
on which the northerly
are found.
This elevation
the southernmost and lowest hill or mountain in the Palmer-
town range.
This plateau, everywhere above the water courses and lowlands
which we have mentioned as forming
its
boundaries, connects
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
82
nowhere with higher lands, except on the north
a portion, only, of
its
is
and that for
northern boundary.
This elevated area, which
Saratoga plateau,
side,
we may
for convenience the
call
properly connected by Doctor H. P. Gushing,
and
by the northerly portion of the valley of the
springs and the village brook; and the whole is described by Dr.
Gushing as a " tremendous sand terrace " (New York State
of Cleveland, with a similar area lying to the north of
separated from
Museum
it
it
Bulletin No. 169, page 14).
The Valley
of the Springs.
Saratoga famous were
all
The natural
made
springs which
discovered in the valley of the village
brook, which rises within the boundaries w(} have described and
flows northeasterly, through a valley which
it
has eroded within
the area embraced by these boundaries, from a point near the
Gongress Spring to the northern boundary of the plateau near the
Red
Spring.
The course
of this stream practically marks the
we have mentioned,
which might well be called the Saratoga mountain, and it is along
this eastern edge that the geological fault is found through which,
it has long been the opinion of many w^io have given attention to
the subject, the mineral waters flow up from great depths where
southeastern edge of the hill or mountain
they have been thought to obtain their content of chlorides and
carbon dioxide.
Depletion of Mineral TV'aier Head in the Plateau. It was in
the middle of the Saratoga plateau that the Lincoln Spring Com-
pany and the Natural Carbonic Gas Company built their plants
and drilled artesian wells out of which they obtained the supplies
of carbon dioxide w^hich they required for the prosecution of
their business.
In the early summer of 1911, the Commissioners of the State
Reservation at Saratoga Springs acquired the property of the
Natural Carbonic Gas Company for the Saratoga Reservation,
but permitted the former owner to continue
its
the property until the 21st of October following,
upon
pump-
operations
when
the
deep wells which penetrated the rock was stopped.
Immediate observations of some of the wells in operation were
then taken and it was found that the level of the mineral water
ing of
in
all its
them was from 150
to
180 feet below the surface of the ground
�83
ime
to
;
jlve
3ral
bad
of
3
•iug
the
'ace
in
r
ly's
•ells
In
at
I
fter
dng
tlie
at
I
the
ere-
the
tely
-act
r
be
low
3
to
leir
3ral
3ral
:ace
per
rses
;hat
de-
��tS.-h.uyl.-rvilteJ
�82
noA
ai
Sai
of
sep
spr
Cu
Ml
Sa]
bro
flo^
the
Co:
Ee
sou
wh
thi
itl
the
the
car
the
par
an(
of
the
Re
Na
bu1
the
in^
Im
the
in
�83
Report of the Commissioners
At the same
or at a point only about 150 feet above sea level.
standing in driven wells contiguous to
time ground water was
at only twelve
the premises of the Natural Carbonic Gas Company
day the mineral
or fifteen feet below the surface. The following
had
water levels in the well which showed the greatest depletion
risen to 120.4 feet below the surface.
On the 21st of October, when the pumping of the deep wells of
the Natural
stopped, other wells, on neighboring
considerable distance, showed a depletion of the
Company was
properties, at a
the surface
mineral water head to a point iiearly 100 feet below
in
ground and, when the pumping was stopped, the water
of the
;
these wells,
as well as in those
property, began at once to
On
upon the Natural Company's
rise.
the 6th of November, the
pumping
of four shallow wells
was discontinued. In
area at
December, the water stood in various wells over a wide
ground and thereafter
from 80 to 100 feet below the level of the
which did not extend down
to the rock
;
at a constantly decreasing
the water continued to rise in them, but
years after the pumping of the
rate, until, in October, 1913, two
head stood at
Natural Company was stopped, the mineral water
feet below the
about 20
35 feet below the surface of the ground, or
levels in contiguous driven wells.
ground water
thereHydraulic System in the Plateau. It is apparent,
Double
system of fresh ground water and the
are not intimately
deeper system of mineralized ground water
not sensibly re-act
connected through the Saratoga plateau and do
This may easily be
upon each other within short periods of time.
about fifty feet below
accounted for by the fact that at a depth of
quite impervious to
is a heavy deposit of clay,
fore, that the superficial
the surface there
waters and prevents their
water, which sustains the upper ground
lower strata where the mineral
readily passing down into the
the gas and mineral
waters are found, and also tends to confine
their coming to the surface
water in the lower strata and prevent
upper
with the upper fresh ground waters. The
and mingling
the water courses
ground waters are constantly running off into
which bound the plateau on every side.
well established proposition that
It appears, therefore, to be a
of the plateau may be dethe mineral waters within the area
�84
State Resekvation at Saratoga Springs
pleted by
pumping them from
affecting the
upper ground water
Double System
in
artesian wells without sensiblylevels.
The double system
Coesa Valley.
ground
of
water receives further interesting illustration from the observed
conditions in the Coesa Valley at the southwestern edge of the
Saratoga plateau.
The Coesa creek has here eroded
a valley through the drift and
underlying shales, the bottom of which
is
some eighty
feet
below
the surface of the plateau, or twice as deep as the valley of the
springs adjoining the northeasterly part of the plateau.
All along
the easterly side of the Coesa Valley, fresh ground waters are
'flowing out
from the deposits of
drift,
and numerous
wells have been sunk in the valley, penetrating the shale
underlying dolomite to the depth of several hundred
artesian,
and the
feet,
where
the strata carrying the corbonated waters are found.
The Coesa Valley was
also the scene of operation of
companies
The
seeking the natural carbon dioxide for commercial purposes.
State acquired these wells on the 26th of June, 1911.
At
this
time the pumping was being done by the General Carbonic
Company, a corporation formed by the consolidation
of two pre-
viously existing companies, and at the time of the acquisition of
its
properties
was actively prosecuting its business, was pumpits wells and had reduced the level of
its wells to from 150 to 170 feet below the surface^
it
ing carbonated waters from
the waters in
(Report of Com-
or to a point about 80 feet above the sea level.
missioners of State Reservation for 1913,
p.
with the depletion of the mineral water head
14.)
at the
This compared
Xatural prop-
erty to a point about 150 feet above sea level shows a
serious depletion in the Coesa Valley.
much more
The mineral waters
Coesa Valley are encountered under a pi-essure which
in the
is sufficient,
quite independ'jntly of any effect produced by the carbonic acid
gas which they hold in solution, to cause the wells to spout to a
considerable height above the upper ground water levels in the
valley.
This pressure
is sufficient to
raise the mineral water in a
stand-pipe to a height of thirty or forty feet above the level of
Coesa creek at the Champion wells.
Artesian System.
By
opening these wells at the surface of the
ground and permitting them to flow
off freely,
they will yield an
�EePOBT of the
S5
CoMillSSIOXIlBS
immense quantity of water and rapidly deplete
effect clearly observable in the valley of the springs
four hours
mineral water
tlie
extreme northerly edge of the plateau and produce an
levels to the
— thus
illustrating still
artesian conditions,
more
within twenty-
clearly the existence of
a flow of ground waters induced by a
i. e..
remote head beneath impervious geological
strata-
These facts
from a
by the hydrostatic pressure of the
ground water in immediate proximity to it and compel tis to go
to a distance to hnd the ethcient head.
also negative the theory that the liow of mineral water
given well
I
am
is
to be accounted for
aware that very competent experts have in the past
ex-
was not necessary to go to a distance
to hnd a head for the mineral water springs and wells Hathom v.
Strongs Sanitarium. Stem ^fin. p. 693
but this was at a time
when the fact had not been demonstrated that the mineral water
system was artesian and the normal engineer's ground water levels
at the various wells had not become known. Dr. Henry M. Ami
of Ottawa even then stated that the supply might come from a
distance of scores of^mles (Idem pp. 3S9, 396 ).
pressed the opinion that
it
(
)
As might be
expected,
opened and the water
is
when
:
wells in the Coesa Valley are
permitted to flow freely from them, the
effect observed bears a relation to the distance of the p3int of
observation from the point of flow, the depletion of head at the
Lincoln and Xatural properties in the central part of the plateau
being
much
greater than the depletion observable in the valley of
the spring within the
same limited period of time.
Progre^ toward normal from
depletion.
When
the Commis-
sioners of the State Reservation acquired the property lying in
the Coesa Valley from the carbonic gas companies that had been
operating there, the hydraulic conditions had been so far modified
by such operation that
conditions
were.
it
was impossible
Since
then,
to
however,
know what
the
the normal
unnatural
through the wells at that point by means of pumps and
draft
gas-lifts
having been terminated and the wells so controlled that but a
small quantity of water is delivered from them, the situation there
has been gradually approximating that which existed before any
of these wells
were
drilled
and
at a
time when the springs in the
valley of the springs at Saratoga were in their best estate; and,
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
86
since this unnatural draft
was stopped, the springs in the
have also been slowly improving and returning
to their
village
former
condition.
Progressive dilution as indicating direction of flow. In drilling
number of wells in the Saratoga mineral water
the very large
have produced saline carbonated water, this water has
been encountered invariably in the strata of the magnesian limeIt has been found
stone known as the Little Falls dolomite.
tract that
flowing so freely in these strata that
it
has come into the wells at
the rate of several gallons each minute, sometimes in quantities
as great as fifteen gallons
and in one or two cases
at a
much
higher rate.
some geologists that the mineral
waters obtain their carbon-dioxide and soluble chlorides first and,
having thus by the presence of carbon-dioxide acquired the power
to dissolve carbonates of calcium and magnesium, take up these
carbonates from the magnesian limestone strata in which the
It has been the opinion of
waters usually have been found.*
The amount
different wells,
of carbon-dioxide in the waters flowing
which
the chlorine content,
is
is
from the
way quite closely related to
many analyses, which disclose
shown by
in a general
the fact that the saline and gaseous contents are greatest in the
wells "farthest south and quite constantly diminish as
northerly direction.
you go in a
This appears from the following table in
which the wells are stated in their order from southwest to northeast and the names of the springs or wells are given with the content of soluble chlorides in the waters of each expressed in parts
per million:
Parts per
Million
Hathorn No. 2
Hathorn No. 3
Adams (now Orenda)
Hathorn No.
Emperor
Old Red
11,749.89
April 30, 1913
10,000.51
Feb.
5,928.81
May
6,282.51
Lincoln
1
Date of
Analysis
3,567.60
2,664.44
382.27
1913
14, 1913
April 26, 1896
May 28, 1913
June 19, 1912
Aug. 14, 1912
6,
—
•Testimony of I'rof. C. F. Chandler in Hathorn v. Strong's Sanitarium
Stenographer's Minutes, p. 289; John IT. Clarke, Idem p. 923. L. C. Beck's
report of the Mineralogy of New York State. New York State Museiun
Bulletin No. 159, p. 63.
�:
Report of the Commissioners
The apparent
general rule
87
failure of the Lincohi spring to
conform
to the
probably due to the fact that the analysis of
is
waters employed in this comparison was
made
its
sixteen or seventeen
years before the analyses of the other springs and before the
depletion to which
the springs were subjected as to their
all
mineral content as well as their hydraulic head by the pumping
of the carbonic gas companies.
An
analysis
made
at the present
Adams
time would probably place the Lincoln spring between the
and Hathorn No.
1.
This constant weakening of the waters as you proceed northerly
from Hathorn No.
2,
the southernmost, whose waters are the
strongest of all in their chlorine content, suggests the probability
movement of the waters is in that direction and that they
become gradually weaker by the admixture of fresh ground waters
that the
the farther they traverse the strata of the dolomite.*
hicreasing Alkaline Content as indicating direction of flow. If
move in this direction, it would be natural to expect,
the waters
since they are not fully saturated with bi-carbonates of lime
and
magnesia,f that we should find the ratio of their content of these
Such
substances to their content of chlorine constantly increasing.
expectation
is
fully realized by the facts, as
by the following
table, in
which the
of bi-carbonates of calcium and
ratio,
is
strikingly
shown
expressed in percentages
magnesium
to total chlorides, is
shown
Hathorn No. 2
Hathorn No. 3
Adams (now Orenda)
64.6 per cent.
Lincoln
87.9 per cent.
Hathorn No.
Emperor
Old Eed
64.9 per cent.
81.2 per cent.
115.7 per cent.
1
117.8 per cent.
291.2 per cent.
I have endeavored to illustrate this matter and
by superimposing upon a
at a glance
chart,
make
it
obvious
showing the
total
chloride and total bi-carbonate contents of different wells between
and the Red Springs, another chart, showing the
between these two classes of salts in the different waters.
Hathorn No.
ratio
*
N. Y. State
fldem, pp.
2
Museum
28, 57.
Bulletin 159, p. 55.
�88
State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
The black
figures at the left indicate parts per million; the total
chlorides are indicated
by a dotted
line, the total bi-carbonates are
indicated by a black line and the superimposed diagram, exhibit-
ing the ratio of bi-carbonates to chlorides, expressed in percentages,
is
drawn in a broken line.
The measureably regular
rate of increase in bi-carbonates
named
in the springs that have been
will be
found not
shown
to obtain
exactly in the case of every spring, some showing a greater or less
departure from
it,
though not
to a suificienr degree to
impeach
and the departures are doubtless due to
the fact that the subterranean channels through which the waters
flov/ are not like a direct and continuous pipe line but are more
or less irregular, and that waters which come to the surface at
points not distant from each other, may reach those points by
the general proposition
;
routes quites different in point of distance traversed.
Except for
the very great and quite unusual content of those salts found in
the waters of the
Eed
springs, the
bi-carbonates continues to the
in a northeasterly direction
Here
Gurn
same progressive increase of
which lies seven miles
spring,
from the
village of Saratoga Springs.
Ave find a content of these salts equivalent to over
130 per
cent, of the total chlorides.
The exceptional content
of the
Red
is probably due to
and do not penetrate
springs
the fact that these springs are shallow ones
the rock strata nor encounter the principal mineral water courses,
but get their supply by a slow process of percolation through the
The
earth which overlies the rocks.
flow of these springs
is
very
scanty, and the waters stand for a long time in contact with the
limestone before they find their
way
to the surface.
Effect of flow at intermediate jjoints as indicating direction of
The result of the experiment of opening the Champion
floiv.
them to flow is important as indicating the
direction of the movement of the mineral waters in the dolomite
strata.
The wells to the north of the Champion wells were soon
and greatly affected, but those to the south showed little effect.
This might be expected if the waters are flowing northerly and
wells and permitting
the head that caused the flow
water pipe has a greater
it
effect
is
to the south.
upon the pressure
in the direction of flow than at points
between
An
orifice in a
beyond
and the head.
at points
it
�:
)
Repokt of the Commissioners
So, too,
its
g9
withdrawing from a stream at any point a large part of
little effect upon points above it on the stream.
Its
flow has
greatest effect
At
is felt at
points below.
the period of the greatest depletion of the mineral waters
from the pumping
at the plants of the gas companies,
springs in the village had
all
when
the
stopped and had apparently realized
complete extinction, the Hathorn I^o.
2,
the Coesa (then Carlsbad
No. 2) and the Adams (now Orenda),
all
southern extremity of the mineral water
apparently undiminished vigor.
lying at or near the
belt,
were flowing with
This could hardly have been
possible if the depletion of the waters
had taken place
at a point
in the mineral water channels above these springs.
The
result reached
by Mr. Charles G. Anthony, the consulting
engineer of the Connnissioners of the State Keservation, in his de-
termination of the curve, formed by the intersection of the cone of
depression at Lincoln park by a vertical plane running northerly
and southerly, leads to the same conclusion. He found the curve
to be flatter toward the north than toward the south, showing the
former to be in the direction of the flow. This determination was
reached by a computation based on data secured by measurements
of the water levels in
many
wells on the Lincoln Spring
and
Natural Carbonic Acid Gas Companies' properties and in other
wells in that neighborhood.
A
careful consideration of the facts stated impels us to the
opinion that the direction of the flow of the mineral waters in the
is from southwest to northeast for the whole
Hathorn No. 2 and the old Ked spring.
Carrying our computations based upon the increasing ratio
strata of the dolomite
distance between
of the bi-carbonates of the alkaline earths to total chlorides a step
further,
we may
infer that the percentage of these bi-carbonates
increase in their ratio to the chlorides at the following rates for
the distances traversed by the waters in passing between the fol-
lowing points
Distance
From
Hathorn
Hathorn
Hathorn
Hathorn
To
traversed
Distance for
each increase
of 1 per cent
in ratio
No. 2
Adams (Orenda
2,400 feet
144 feet
No. 2
Lincoln
8,000 feet
343 feet
No. 2
Hathorn No.
Emperor
13,600 feet
266 feet
16,400 feet
808 feet
No. 2
1.
�:
State Eeservatioin' at Saeatoga Springs
90
At
Ballston,
where there are two springs lying somewhat
to the
north of west and south of east and at a distance of 1,200 feet
from each other, we find that the ratio of bi-carbonates of calcium
and magnesium to chlorides is as follows Artesian Lithia Spring
:
total chlorides,
12,496 parts per million; bi-carbonates of calcium
and magesium, 6,640 parts per million; ratio of bi-carbonates to
chlorides, 53.1 per cent.
Hide- Franklin or Comstock spring:
per million; bi-carbonates of calcium
total chlorides, 11,925. parts
and magnesium, 6,829 parts per million;
ratio of bi-carbonates to
chlorides, 57.2.
We
also infer that the
mineral water flows from the former to
the latter and that the increase of the ratio of bi-carbonates to
chlorides
the rate of 292 feet for each
is at
tween Hathorn
]S'o
ISTo.
2
more uniform
and these
and Hathorn
increase, a result
be-
Iso. 1.
rate of gain could, it seems, be expected
some general conclusion
results enable us to reach
tive to the place
1%
by similar computations
quite comparable with that obtained
where
it is
rela-
probable the mineral waters enter the
strata of dolomite.
Probable distance in dolomite strata traversed by waters.
If
carbonated waters flowing through dolomite strata will increase
their content of bi-carbonates
from 64.6 per cent of the chlorine
content to 115.7 per cent in traversing the distance between
Hathorn
ISTo.
2 and Hathorn
ISTo.
1,
the point where the saline
carbonated waters enter the dolomite strata and begin to dissolve
magnesium carbonates from these
conditions, to be more than 3.25 miles
out their content of calcium and
rocks ought not, under like
southerly from Hathorn Spring Xo.
2.
If a similar computation should be based upon the increase of
calcium and magnesium bi-carbonates between Hathorn Xo. 2 and
Emperor spring, it would indicate that this point is 3.77 miles
from Hathorn Spring Xo. 2.
Applying the same method to the Ballston springs, we locate the
point about 2.9 miles northwesterly from the Artesian Lithia
the
spring at Ballston.
The point thus
located will be found in a plateau described
Doctor H. P. Cushing of Cleveland in the
Museum
Xew York
by
State
Bulletin Xo. 169 at page 14 as a great sand terrace in
�Eepoet of the Coinussio>*EEs
91
the town of Milton at a somewhat higher level than the Saratoga
plateau and which
still
is at least
100 feet above
higher above the wells at Ballston.
Hathom Xo.
2
and
This plateau or sand
terrace connects immediately with the foothills of the
Kajadeand with a still more elevated region that might
head for such an artesian system as we have been
rosseras range
furnish a
contemplating.
The maps accompanying
Xew York
Museum
State
Bulletin
Xo. 169 by Doctors Gushing and Euedemann show that west of
and not far from this point there are f atilts through which waters
holding carbon-dioxide in solution might come up from great
depths and flow into the natural channels which the bedding
planes of the Little Falls dolomite offer
them and there begin the
process of dissolving out of the rocks their constantly increasing
content of bi-carbonates of calcium and magnesium.
we
Attention should be given to the fact that, after
valley of the springs at Saratoga, a
much more
increase in the ratio between chlorides and bi-carbonates
This
may be due to
the mineral waters
the fact that, after the fault line
making
their escape into
enter the
rapid rate of
is
is
realized.
encountered,
and mingling with the
upper system of ground waters through the opportunity which the
fault affords, the rapidity of the northward flow
is
greatly retarded
and much more time is required for the flow of waters from
Hathom Xo. 1 to the Red spring than for any equal distance
between
Hathom Xo.
The absence
1
and
Hathom Xo.
2.
seem to have retarded the rate of
flow north of Hathom Spring Xo. 1 would seem to indicate the
possibility of a more rapid flow south of Hathom Xo. 2 and west
of the Artesian Lithia spring in Ballston, before any waters have
been tapped off by wells and springs and the head thereby reduced,
and would also indicate a correspondingly greater distance traversed by the waters during the period of exposure to the dolomite
of influences that
strata requisite for the dissolving out the 64.6 per cent, of bi-
carbonates of calcium and
magnesium
in
Hathom Xo.
53.1 per cent, in the Aj^esian Lithia spring.
move
2
and the
This would tend to
farther to the west the probable point where the saline car-
bonated waters enter the limestone and locate
Galway
Cushinsr and Ruedemann.
Rock City
or East
faults
it
nearer to the
shown on the map of Doctors
�:
State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
92
Indication of chemical content of Ballston wells. The analyses
of the Artesian Lithia and the Comstock mineral springs at
Ballston,
show that the
ratio of bi-carbonates to chlorides does not
continue to decrease from north to south between Hathoru
ISTo.
2 and the latter wells according to the rule that applies to the
wells north of
Hathorn Xo.
If the rule had held good, the
2.
water at Ballston would have been found devoid of carbonates and
We
possessing a carbon-dioxid and chlorine content only.
have
seen, however, that the Ballston waters contain carbonates in a
ratio slightly less than those of
Contrary opinions as
Hathorn ^o.
2.
This theory as to
to direction of flow.
movement of the carbonated waters in the dolomite strata is at
variance with some of the opinions that have been expressed by
the
scientific experts.
In the case of Hathorn
v.
Dr.
Strong's Saratoga
Springs
Sanitarium, the trial of which was begun in 1905 and concluded
in 1907, experts for the plaintiff testified that, in their opinion,
the waters of the
experts
may have
Hathorn spring came
to it
from the
east.
The
been influenced by facts that seemed to indicate
upon the
by the defendant's operations,
and, perhaps, insensibly, by the stress of their case, which
an
efi^ect
plaintiff's well
demanded such a conclusion.
Prof. James F. Kemp of ISTew York in the New York State
Education Department Bulletin 517, published April 15, 1912,
states that
" William R. Hill, C, E., by a careful series of levelings
upon the waters standing in the wells of the Natural Carbonic Gas and Lincoln Spring Companies at a time when no
pumping was done and the waters had resumed their normal
positions, and by determining the resultant of his observations, reached the conclusion that the natural flow was in a
direction south 05 east, or 25 degrees south of east."
Professor
Kemp
then adds
:
" While these expressions must be
taken as general, they undoubtedly express the truth."
It is sufficient to say of these statements that
ever reached as that mentioned by Mr. Hill,
no such time was
when no pumping
was being done and the waters had resumed their normal position,
after the companies he names had begun their operations and prior
�Eepobt of the Commissioners
93
Kemp's publication. The pumping was
upon the properties of these companies until two
to the date of Professor
not
all stopjDed
days before such publication and now, at the end of three years
from that
date, the waters
have probably not reached their normal
position.
Most of the pumping was indeed stopped in October, 1911, and
from that time. During the first year
there was a general rise of more than 100 feet in these wells and,
the waters began to rise
during the second year, a
feet.
rise of
It is believed that the
an additional twelve
water levels are
still
to fifteen
below their
normal.
Moreover,
it
has been demonstrated that the present water levels
m the wells can be depleted
to the extent of nine or ten feet in
twenty-four hours by simply opening wells in the Coesa Valley
and permitting them
to
run
off.
Under such circumstances, any deductions from observed minand Lincoln properties before the
operations of these companies were concluded and while the draft
upon the mineral water supply was unchecked in the Coesa Valley, can be of little value, as the waters were never normal but
always depleted by artificial causes, which were themselves coneral water levels at the N^atural
stantly changing.
The reasons
heretofore urged in support of different theories as
to the direction of the
movement
of the mineral waters in the
dolomite seem inadequate and not at
I have adduced above in support of
all as
my
cogent as those which
conclusion that the direc-
from southwest to northeast.
Origin of the sodium hircarhonate content.
Prof. Kemp expresses the opinion, in 'New York State Museum Bulletin No.
159, at pages 63 and 64, that the source of the sodium bi-carbouate
is deep seated.
If such were the fact, the waters would already
tion of flow
is
have acquired their supply of this substance when they entered
the dolomite strata.
We
should then find a decrease from dilu-
sodium bi-carbonate corresponding with that of the
chloride of sodium as we proceed in a northerly direction. There
does not seem to be any such correspondence, as will be seen by
tion in the
the accompanying graph which shows the total chlorides content,
the sodium bi-carbonate content and the ratio between
them
in
�State Eesekvation at Saratoga Speixgs
94
manner employed for the content of bi-carbonates
calcium and magnesium.
Xor is there the same regularity in the increase of sodium
the same
carbonate in proportion to the chlorine content which
in the case of the bi-carbonates of calcium
view of the fact that sodium carbonate
of the dolomite,
we
is
amount
bi-
observe
and magnesium.
In
not one of the ingredients
should hardly expect
fluctuation in the relative
we
of
it.
The very great
of this substance found in the
waters seems to indicate the effect of local and varying conditions
As
as affecting the supply.
local deposits of this substance or
irruptions of waters heavily charged with
we
it
do not seem probable,
are rather forced toward the conclusion that
secondary re-actions which Prof.
Museum
(N. Y. State
I venture the quer)^
Kemp
may have
results
from
deems not improbable.
Bulletin No. 159, p. 61.)
whether the cause
may
be found in the
flow of superficial waters carrying a content of
they
it
in-
H2SO4 which
acquired from the pyrites that abounds in the shale
that overlies the dolomite in
The proportion
which the mineral waters are usually
sodium bi-carbonate seems to be unThese
usually high in the Geyser and Hathorn No. 1 springs.
springs were depleted to the point of temporary extinction by the
pumping, and the presence of H^S was one of the principal
found.
results observed
of
from such
depletion.
It also resulted, in the case
of each of these springs, in an increased proportion of
bi-cai'bonate, to a degree that practically
the water of the Geyser Spring.
The
sodium
changed the character of
latter effect is strikingly
sodium bi-carbonate
two springs with the quantities of
that substance which they carried before such depletion began
and when the earlier, normal conditions had not yet been disturbed.
It will be seen, upon examining the charts, that there is no such
shown by comparing the
now
relative quantity of
in the waters of these
correspondence between the sodium bi-carbonate and the chlorides
as
was shown
to exist between the quantities of chlorides
total carbonates.
tween them.
therefore, to
and
any relation at all besodium bi-carbonate does not appear,
It is difficult to detect
The quantity
depend upon
of
the degree of dilution, nor the length
of time the waters have been exposed to the action of the dolomite
strata,
but to be determined by some other factor, perhaps by
thnt which I have suggested above.
�:
Eepoet of the Commissioners
A
95
return of these waters to their original character
may
be
realized with the restoration of original hydraulic conditions.*
These circnmstanees, though not
theory,
may
It should be stated
explanation.
that if
rise to
we
sufficient,
perhaps, to found a
be helpful as pointing in the direction of a possible
in this connection, however,
should assume sulphuric acid to be the re-agent giving
sodium bicarbonate, we should expect
phates produced by the same chemical changes.
to
discover sul-
We
find, in fact,
however, so small a quantity of sulphates as not to confirm such
expectation.
Mineral
ivaters
flow
in subterranean
streams.
The waters
upon the surface of the ground in the form of rain
snow either pass back into the atmosphere by evaporation, or
run off in the superficial water courses, or sink into the ground.
The waters that enter the ground for the most part percolate
downward and laterally and finally run off in springs and unite
with the waters of streams discharging into the ocean. Through
precipitated
or
the soil and deposits of sand and gravel they
definite channels; but,
we
call rock,
when they reach
move
slowly, without
the consolidated strata
they often, especially in a limestone country, collect
in the natural
and convenient channels afforded by the bedding
by the waters themselves, and flow
planes, or in channels eroded
* A recent analysis of the Avater of the Geyser spring, made since the foregoing paragraph was written, upon comparison with earlier analysis shows
that the possibility embodied in the foregoing suggestion is being realized.
An analysis of water taken from that spring on the 3rd day of July, 1912,
showed
Total chlorides 2254.07 milligrams per liter.
Sodium bicarbonate 2238.22 milligrams per liter.
An analysis of water taken from the same spring on the 14th day of December. 1914, showed:
Total chlorides, 2432.25 milligrams per liter.
Sodium bicarbonate, 1607.15 milligrams per liter.
This shows in a period of 2 years, 5 months, 11 days, an increase in chlorides of 178.18 milligrams per liter, a decrease of sodium bicarbonate of
631.07 milligrams per liter.
This falling off in the sodium bicarbonate content of the Geyser water
during the period mentioned is greater than the entire content of that substance in thirteen out of twenty springs whose waters have been analyzed
by the State Department of Health since the Saratoga Reservation was
established.
An analysis of the waters of the Minnonebe spring, taken December 14,
1914, gives similar results, though the increase in chlorides is greater and
the loss of bicarbonate of sodium is less. It also shows a rapid approximation of Minnonebe M^ater toward Geyser water since the last previous analysis.
The two springs are near each other, the relations between them appear
to be very intimate and their waters are now practically the same in their
mineral contents.
�—
State Resekvation at Saratoga Springs
96
Such streams are often
Howe's cave in Schoharie
in subterranean streams or water courses.
encountered in natural caves, as in
county and the
Mammoth
cave in Kentucky.
Percolating waters no doubt pass by insensible gradations into
subterranean streams, but a distinction has been
made between
the former and waters flowing in subterranean water courses;
and different rules of law have been established for the regulation of the rights in the two classes of waters of the owners of the
lands through which they pass.
The movement of percolating waters is relatively slow,
narily not more than 5 or 10 feet each day; and, when a
quantity of ground water
some device for
source,
is
ordi-
large
sought to be obtained from such a
necessary, such as hori-
its collection is
zontal galleries, or a system of
many
driven wells.
In the case
when
of the carbonated waters of Saratoga, however,
the water
bearing strata are pierced, a copious flow at once appears
sometimes a very large flow, as in the wells known as Champion
and
N'os. 2
3,
which
gallons per minute.
will discharge
water
at the rate of over
100
It is inconceivable that a single well only
would produce such a flow of percolating
waters it could only be obtained from a subterranean stream.
The subject is capable of further and striking illustration by
six inches in diameter
;
a comparison of the relative effect of
pumping the deep
which penetrate the rock and the shallow
wells,
wells
which terminate
in a deposit of coarse gravel overlying the rock, in which, as
shall see,
we
mineral waters are percolating, at the property of the
Natural Carbonic Acid Gas Company in the Saratoga plateau,
between the months of July and November, 1911.
During this period shallow and deep wells of the Natural Company were pumped for the same period of time, at the same rate
and by precisely the same devices. From 3 to 5 pumps were
operating in shallow wells, and from 11 to 17 in deep wells; the
pumped during the entire period
The
average number of deep wells, 14.1.
average number of shallow wells
being
3.6(1,
and the
shallow wells yielded on an average 3.2 gallons per minute and
the deep wells 14.1 gallons per minute, or nearly five times as
much.
About the same time, two wells
th'it
were being pumped on
�Repokt of the Commissioners
tlie
Lohnas
tract, not far
97
away, produced, one of them only 1.665
gallons per minute, and the other 0.868 gallons per minute,
less
much
than the average amount produced by the shallow wells on
the Natural Company's property.
had been encountered in a more compact
and finer grained deposit than the coarse gravel in which they
were found, the amount yielded by the shallow wells would have
been much less than that which was in fact produced.
If the mineral waters
These results emphasize the opinion already expressed that the
quantities realized
from the flow
of
many deep
wells
and pumps
operated in others have been greatly in excess of what could have
been obtained from a supply of percolating waters.
Another reason for concluding that the mineral waters in the
dolomite exist as streams rather than as percolating waters is the
fact of the great rapidity with
which a depletion
at a given point
By opening up
whose very large flow has already been mentioned, an eft'ect can be produced within a few hours at the
Natural and Lincoln properties more than a mile away, and the
mineral water head there depleted to the extent of several feet in
such a period of time. Such a prompt effect could not be observed
is
communicated
ihe
Champion
to another point at a distance.
wells,
at so great a distance in a
maximum
As
rate of
system of percolating waters whose
movement would not exceed
a
few
feet in a day.
superficial water courses frequently overflow shallow areas
along their margins and form swamps or marshes that extend to
considerable distances from the channel, so
that the subterranean stream
may
it is
quite conceivable
flow off laterally in the bedding
planes or into other openings to a distance from
its channel.
The
from the line of the main
channel of the mineral waters, which is indicated by tlie freely flowing wells and is practically a straight line from the Red Spring
to Hathorn No. 2, seem to have a restricted flow or quickly fail,
fact that wells at a considerable distance
as in the case of the old Carlsbad, the
new
Shonts, the Strong
well and others, would seem to indicate some such subterranean
conditions.
Equally demanding consideration
is
the escape
from the rocks
underlying the Saratoga plateau of the mineral waters flowing
in the dolomite strata and their percolation through the deposit
4
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
98
of gravel above the rock
and below the
The connection between
the mineral waters in the dolomite
iixipervioiis strata of clay.
those in the gravel are close and an overdraft in either
deplete the other.
For two
and
may
years, a depletion in the gravel has
been in process of restoration, and normal conditions will not be
fnlly reached until such restoration
is
complete.
The
hydrostatic
pressure of these percolating waters will then prevent further outflow
from the rocks and the head
in the valley of the springs will
reach the normal, provided no other disturbing factors are introduced.
In this connection it is worthy of note that, if a line be drawn
from the Old Ked Spring to Hathorn No. 2, a distance of three
or four miles, it would be found to pass very near to the many
natural springs and artesian wells that produce or have at any
time produced mineral waters.
This same line, prolonged in
either direction, would ("(nnic "t !lio springs at Ballstnii with Gurn
spring, nearly or quite 15 miles distant from each other.
This
is more suggestive of a subterranean stream or water course than
of a body of water diffused over a large area.
Contrary opinions. In the case of Hathorn v. Strong's Saratoga Springs Sanitarium, reported in 55 Misc. 445, the court in
its
opinion said, at page 447, " Without discussion,
it
may
be
premised that none of the waters of Saratoga belong to this
class,"
i.
e.,
the class of flowing waters.
This premise seems to
'ave been too hastily assumed and without adequate consideration.
At
least, the facts
now known
point to a different conclu-
sion.
In the
case
of
Hathorn
reference has been made,
v.
Strong's
Sanitarium, to which
much time was consumed
in the con-
sideration of the character of the rocks underlying the mineral
water zone of Saratoga.
The
geological experts agreed that the
bedding planes of the limestone formations were natural water-
ways and natural channels for water and
cited instances of the
existence of water courses of great extent in such formations in
other places, but expressed the opinion that such a flow of mineral
waters in the strata of the magnesian limestone at Saratoga, not-
withstanding the remarkable power of waters holding COo in
and bedding planes l)y
dissolving the rocks through which they pass, was not probable.
solution to enlarge the openings in joints
�Repokt of the Commissioners
99
Tliey ussigued, liowever, no siibstautiai reasou as a basis for such
opinion, iu spite of the recognized existence of conditions likely
to give rise to
such water courses; and their attention was not
directed by counsel to the facts
to indicate the existence of such
we have mentioned, which seem
water courses.
(See Stenogra-
pher's Minutes, Testimony of Prof. Chandler, pp. 312, 322; F.
Henry M. Ami pp. 351, 371,
Kudolph Hering, p. 668; John H. Clarke,
p. 935; David H. Newland, p. 1113.)
Prof. James F. Kemp, when examined as an expert on behalf
of the defendant in the case of the People v. The jS\ Y. Carbonic
Acid Gas Co., testihed on cross-examination, in response to my
H. K.
Merrill, pp. 345, 347, 351;
379, 391, 408, 427;
interrogatories, that the bedding planes of rock formations very
often offer a convenient passage for subterranean waters and that
it
is
common
for waters to
How along such passages
for a con-
siderable distance and that, except that the bedding planes are
not particularly abundant or pronounced in the
rock in and about Saratoga, he
knew
likely to offer a barrier to the flow of waters
M.,
p.
Beekmantown
would be
of nothing that
through them. (S.
380.)
Office of the
Fault Kemp's Bui.
p. 51.
been an object of great interest to so
The
many
fault,
which has
men and
scientific
has been generally supposed to be the natural pathway of waters
emerging from great depths freighted with their content of
bon-dioxide
and sodium chloride, or the laboratory
carbon-dioxide was produced by chemical reaction,*
does not perform so important an
supposed.
office
which
probable
as has been generally
If the foregoing suggestions are well founded, the
fault merely affords an outlet to the waters
strata in
m
it is
car-
from the dolomite
which they have been flowing for a long distance.
As
these strata have here practically reached their northern limit
and die out here upon the Laurentian beach, the waters would
probably reach the surface near the same place without the help
of
any rending of the strata by natural convulsions such as the
fault suggests.
* Testimony of Prof. Chandler in Hathorn v. Strong's Sanitarium, Stenographer's ]\lin\ites. p. 289; testimony of Dr. John H. Clarke, Idem, pp. 922,
946 testimony of Prof. Kemp in People v. N. Y. C. A. Gas Co., Stenographer's
Minutes, pp. 354, etc.
;
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
100
In
this coiinection, attention should be given to the fact that
the temperatures of the waters, so near to the
mean annual tem-
perature at the surface, indicates that the waters have not come
through the fault directly from great depths; for,
if
such were
the case, they would possess thennal characteristics that are lack-
The temperature
ing.
of the waters, wherever encountered,
is
nearly uniform, showing that they have been moving in strata
not near enough to the surface to be affected by the seasonal variactions
of
temperature,
nor deep enough to acquire a much
greater degree of heat than the
For these
make
reasons,
their escape
it
mean annual temperature.*
seems probable that the waters merely
from the dolomite
strata at the well
known
fault line, after flowing through those strata for a distance of
miles from the place where they emerge from greater depths.
DesirabiUty of tem.perature observations. A careful series of
observations of the temperatures of the waters for a considerable
period of time would throw additional light upon the subject.
It
not improbable that they might show variations of temper-
is
ature in the weaker waters at the northerly part of the mineral
would tend to establish the theory o± progressive
from surface waters, by exhibiting higher temperatures
summer and lower in winter.
water
tract, that
dilution
in
Interaction between two systems in
mineral waters in
tlie
at or about the fresh
valley
of springs.
The
valley of the springs flowed to the surface
ground water
Congress Spring was
levels.
discovered in the channel of the village brook and lost for a time
beneath its waters.
It was found again only after the stream
had been diverted and an excavation eight feet in depth had been
made. The waters of the Pavilion spring were found boiling up
in a swamp and Avere secured only by the construction of a coffer
dam
to hold back the surface waters, while
an
artificial
channel
was constructed through which the mineral waters might reach
the surface without mingling with the fresh water.
Similar con-
were found at most of the other springs.
would seem probable, under such circumstances, since the
mineral water head is so little different from that of the fresh
ditions
It
*
Testimony of Prof.
Minutes,
p.
301
;
Kemp
N. Y. State
in People v.
Museum
N. Y. C. A. Gas Co., Stenographer's
Bulletit
^
:>.
l.'^Q.
p.
41.
�Report of the Commissioners
water that at times of
liigh water,
when
101
the ordinary ground
water has been raised by heavy rains or melting snow,
by
its
superior hydrostatic pressure, stop the
mineral water from the
orifices out of
which
it
might,
movement
of the
flows to the sur-
it
face and even reverse the current in some channels and cause a
flow of fresh waters into the channels usually occupied by min-
Again, when
eral waters, thus effecting a dilution of the latter.
the superficial or fresh ground water head was abnormally low,
the
more constant mineral water head w^ould be
relatively
more
vigorous and force out from and replace the fresh waters in the
cavities into
which they had flowed when the conditions were
re-
versed; and the mineral waters would flow out upon the surface
in a less diluted condition.
by the
Such an
seems to be indicated
effect
results of analyses of the waters of springs taken at times
of high ground waters in the spring and fall and again during
periods of dry weather
More
when
the ground waters were low.
exact knowledge of the conditions that
may
lead to such
action and re-action between the fresh water and mineral water
heads will soon be obtained from a series of observations that are
to be
made
at
my
suggestion in the
High Rock
pit gives
an unusual opportunity
to obtain
park, where cir-
The High Rock
cumstances are favorable to the undertaking.
an accurate knowledge
of the variations in the mineral water head, while the level of the
adjacent fresh ground waters can easily be measured here.
By
a careful series of measurements here, where the heads of the
two systems approximate closely
may
to each other, it
be found
that each at times rises above the other and that this alternating
superiority gives rise to the process of dilution and recovery
which T have described.
And
at this point attention should be called to the conditions
in the Saratoga plateau
actual
or
possible
and in the Coesa valley as indicating the
interactions
there
between
the
superficial
ground waters and the artesian mineral water system.
In the plateau, the head of the mineral waters flowing and
percolating through the rocks and gravel below the impervious
clay strata having been enormously depleted by the
being
still
there
must
pumping and
below the levels of the upper fresh ground waters,
be, to the extent to
which there
is
communication
be-
�;
State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
102
two systems through the clay, a continual dilution of
This may be increased by the artificial openings
the fonner.
tweeii the
made by
in the clay
the multitude of drilled wells.
This
may
account, at least in part, for the present low mineralization of
Hathorn No.
1
and other springs in the Saratoga
valley.
It
is
being gradually reduced by the rising mineral water levels in
the plateau and would be stopped entirely if the mineral water
head should
rise
In the Coesa
above that of the fresh waters.
an opposite
valley, however,
whenever communication
effect
At
water system and the superficial ground waters.
the head of the artesian system
is,
is
produced
that point,
as has been stated, 30 or 40
ground waters.
feet higher than that of the fresh
former
is
opened between the artesian mineral
is
Whenever the
punctured, the mineral waters rush out of
it
with
great force and mingle with the fresh surface waters and flow
off in
The
the adjacent water courses.
effect of this is to rapidly
deplete the mineral water head, and such effect
is
communicated
with great rapidity in the direction of the valley of the springs
at Saratoga.
In consequence of these conditions, the normal relations of the
heads of the two systems are continually liable to disturbance
and, whenever the mineral water head falls below that of the adjacent fresh ground waters, the latter tend to flow into the channels of the mineral water system
and
to dilute the
former and
carry in any substances which the latter hold in solution.
this
to
In
way, no doubt, waters holding in solution sulphureted hy-
drogen find their way into the mineral water wells
times and
at
impair them.
Agency
of
COn in raising the mineral waters.
The mineral water head, as we proceed
Bui.
p.
erly
from Hathorn
form
40.
rate,
jSTo.
2,
falls
oft'
at a
very gradual and uni-
while the superficial ground water levels fluctuate
greatly with the contour of the surface.
water level
Kemp's
northeast-
is
The
superficial
ground
probably higher at Hathorn No. 2 than the mineral
water head and ccntinues so until the
when the former
falls
the Coesa vallev.
Adams
spring
is
reached,
far below the latter and so continues across
Then
it
rises
once more above the mineral
�Report of the Commissioners
103
water head and so continues across the Saratoga plateau, falling
again
when we
Xo.
the mineral water head
1
enter the valley of the springs
is sufficiently
;
until at Hathorii
above the fresh water
head, except during flood conditions, to allov/ the mineral water
to flow out freely
and run
the adjacent water course.
off into
Under the circumstances,
it
is
evident that, for
distance, the mineral water
would never make
the surface unless brought
up by
other than mere hydrostatic pressure.
the carbon dioxide
dissolved
in
pump
a
much
or by
the water,
of
at
sume agency
found
in
which there
is
This agency
'^'
of this
appearance
its
is
always enough to supersaturate the water at the normal atmos-
Kemp
Prof.
pheric pressure.
has estimated the amount at 5.4
volumes at the atinospheric pressure in the most strongly carbonated waters he found in any of a number of wells he examined, f
This would
all
be held in solution in water subjected to the hy-
drostatic pressure
height
in
due
addition
to a
to
column of water about 150
the atmospheric
The waters
pressure.
standing at that distance below the water level in
feet in
all
wells
would
be subjected to such a pressure, and all the gas the waters contained would therefore be in complete solution below that depth.
As carbonated waters
rise in
such a well, after reaching that
point they begin to give up the gas held in solution in the form
of
minute bubbles, which constantly increase
until the top
of the well
is
reached,
when
in size
and number
the water appears
and the gas rapidly passes off into the atmosphere.
In this frothy or foaming condition the specific gravity of the
water is much below^ that of water in its normal condition and be-
frothing,
low that which
it
has in the lower part of the well, and the result
enable the hydrostatic pressure under which water seeks
is
to
to
enter the well to support a column of such foaming water
much higher than
a
column of water unmixed with gas and high
enough to flow out upon the ground.
by the following simple diagram,
This
may
be illustrated
• Testimony of Henry M. Ami, Hathorn v. Strong's Sanitarium, Stenographer's Minutes, p. 436.' Testimony of Prof. Kemp in People v. N. Y. C. A.
Gas Co.. Stenographer's Minutes, p. 27S.
Stenographer's
t Testimony of Prof. Kemp in People v. N. Y. C. A. Gas Co.,
Minute's, p. 210; also N. Y. State Museum Bulletin No. 150. p. 40.
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
104
<^y<i>i///^J//f^?l,
-'
"
j^
This figure represents a well 170 feet in depth, into the Ijottom
of which the water flows under a pressure (p) of 70 pounds to
the inch.
This head will, under ordinary conditions, support a
column of water in the well approximately 160
Under
But if
the water contain 5 volumes of COo,
mately at the point (b) begin to give up
that
as
it
feet in height.
these conditions the water will stand at the level
its specific
its
it
will
COo with
(a).
approxithe result
gravity will grow less and less above the level (b)
Assuming
ascends the well.
of the frothy water
is
that the
mean
specific gravity
only one-half as great as the water below
the point (b), or the plane of saturation, the pressure (p) will
then sustain a column of the lighter water twice as high as the
distance between (a) and (b), or extending 130 feet above the
mouth of the
the mouth of
well.
In other words,
it
will eject the water
the well with a force equivalent to a pressure of
about 30 pounds to the square inch at that point
throw
it
from
high into the
—
sufficient to
air.
This principle wag correctly stated by Prof. Chandler in his
testimony in
Minutes,
p.
Hathom
v.
'Strong's
Sanitarium
(Stenographer's
320), and afterwards explained more in detail by
Rudolph Hering, C.
E., in the
same
case.
(Idem. pp. 663, 699.)
�Repokt of the Commissioners
105
It should be observed iu this counectiou that the
Ami
which Dr.
said
was imparted
to the waters
''buoyancy"
by the gas only
occurs above the plane of saturation where the gas begins to
come
below that the gas probably increases the specific
gravity of the water, already greater than that of fresh water by
(See testimony of H. M.
reason of its content of soluble salts.
out of solution
;
Ami, Hathorn
v.
mony
Kemp, People
of Prof.
Strong's Sanitarium, Sten. Min. p. 541.
v. I^.
Testi-
Y. C. A. Gas Co., Sten. Min.
372.)
p.
principle has been applied in what
The
air
lift,
is
known
as the
from a well by pumping
a device to raise water
a point considerably below the surface of the water,
it at
accomplishes the same result as that produced by the
of the
CO2
Pohle
air into
in
which
many
mineral water wells at Saratoga, whose waters would
otherwise remain below the surface and would call for the aid of
a
pump
to raise
them.
This has given rise to the notion that the waters
are, in their
natural condition in the rocks, confined under a great pressure,
exerted by the carbon-dioxide, in the same
manner
water in a siphon, and that they are ready to
wherever a vent
is
actual conditions.
in the earth
given.*
This
is
fly
as carbonated
out in an instant
a misconception as to the
It is true that the gas is frequently confined
under pressure, but the pressure
is
caused by and
can be nowhere greater than the hydrostatic pressure, which, as
has been stated,
is
generally insufficient to raise the water to the
surface of the ground, except
down
to a
of which
much
the
when
it
is
possible for us to get
lower level than the general level of the surface,
Coesa Valley
is
an interesting
illustration,
the
mineral water head there coming up in the wells through the
superficial
it.
At
ground water system and towering 30 or 40 feet above
this point the
mineral waters have no need of the aid of
the natural gas lift to reach the surface, the hydrostatic pressure
being ample to cause the wells to spout.
however,
made
to flow
Some
of the wells are,
more vigorously than they otherwise would
do in consequence of the decrease of the specific gravity of the
waters flowing from them for a considerable distance below the
surface of the ground.
* Testimony of Prof. Chandler, Hathorn v. Strong's Sanitarium, Stenographer's Minutes, p. 312; Frederick H. K. IMerrill, Idem, pp. 347, 384.
�:
State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
106
Sealing
off
flowing wells.
close counectiou with the sub-
Iii
'
performed by carbon-dioxide in causing the flow
of mineral water from wells is the phenomenon which is generally
spoken of as the sealing olt of wells. If the How of mingled water
ject of the office
and gas from a well under the inlluence of the gas lift be checked
for a few moments hy placing a cap on the top of the well tube,
or even by holding the hand upon it when the pressure is not too
great, the gas bubbles will separate from the water and, rising to
the top of the well, will pass off into the atmosphere; and water
unmingied with gas
of this water, being
The specitic gravity
a water column of less height
remain in the
will
much
greater,
than the top of the well tube often
well.
hold back the car-
suffices to
bonated waters seeking to enter the bottom of the well, and an
equilibrium is established. The flow of the well is thus stopped
for the time, and the well
said to be sealed
is
not be resumed until the water standing in
as to
admit carbonated water
at the
Its How will
pumped out, so
off.
it is
bottom and bring
it
to a
point above the plane of saturation, where the gas coming out of
solution
may
to raise it
lighten the mass and enable the hydrostatic pressure
The
above the mouth of the well.
again and continue to do so as long as
it is
well will then flow
adequately supplied
with sufficiently carbonated water, or until the process of sealing
off is repeated.
Efficiency of the gas
gas
lift,
In wells operating naturally by the
lift.
a gas pressure has been frequently recorded at the sur-
face of the ground, and
it
is
evident that such pressure varies
with the amount of gas in the waters.
ated the waters are,
in solution
i.
when they
e.,
the greater the
enter
tlie
The more highly carbonamount of gas they hold
bottom of the
pressure will be developed at the surface
lift is
when
well, the greater
this natural gas
in operation.
For the purpose of computing the
efficiency of the gas lift
and
the pressure at the surface due to different amounts of gas in
solution, let us designate the
number
of volumes of gas at atmos-
pheric pressure dissolved in the waters by
And
the distance
from the hydraulic
plane of saturation by "
H ":
''
N
"
level of the well to the
�Report of the Commissioners
^'
mean
will then represent the
or averag.^
107
number
of volumes
volume
of free gas in the well above the plane of saturation to each
of water.
If
the
water below the plane of saturation contains three
volumes, then the
mean number
of volumes of free gas above the
^
plane of saturation will be
volume of free gas for
or one
each volume of water through the whole distance "
If the water contain four volumes of gas,
H
we have
''.
^= 1^-
^^^
volumes of free gas for each volume of water through the
dis-
H ".
tance "
Assuming now,
for convenience of calculation, that a
column of
water 33i/o feet in height exerts a pressure of 15 pounds to the
square inch, and that this
pressure,
In the
we
the equivalent of the atmospheric
is
obtain the following results:
first case,
where the water contains
the plane of saturation will be
G6%
feet
3
volumes of
below the hydraulic
gas,
level.
Disregarding the weight of the gas, we shall have the weight of
the mingled
column of gas and water above the plane of satura
tion equal to one-half that of a
at the
column of water
feet);
i.
(66%
column (equivalent
the gas and water
331/3
alone, thus giving
hydraulic level the hydrostatic pressure due to
tion above the plane of saturation
feet
66-/3
e.,
—
its
eleva-
feet) less the weight of
column of water alone of
to a
33i/i
•
feet
=
331/3
f eet
=
15
pounds.
when there are 4 volumes of gas, " H " will
The average w^eight of the column of gas and
In the same way,
be equal to 100.
water for that distance will be equal
and the resultant head
at the
=-27 pounds.
From the foregoing
to
2/5 of a water column
hydraulic level will be 100
— 40=60
feet
Ave
may
derive a formula for calculating
the resultant head at the hydraulic level of the well from the
operation of the gas
lift
due
N +
1
From
this
v\'e
quantities of gas in
from the well, and find
compute the following table:
^
^
solution in the water flowing
]i:^^xH.
to different
it
to be
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
108
Table showiny resultant head and pressure at hydrostatic level
due
to different
quantities of
COo
in solution.
Equivalent
Resultant
Volumes of
pressure in
pounds to
in feet.
square inch
2
11.11
5
3
33.33
15
4
60
27
5
88.8
40
Head
CO2
1
53.5
6
119
7
150
67.5
181
81.7
8
Relation of volmne of gas to volume of water. Since the volume
of gas under varying pressures is inversely proportional to the
:= 8, the gas volume as compared with the water
pressure, where
N
volume
at diiferent depths in the well will be as follows:
At a depth
of
233^
200
ft.
�:
Report of the Commissioners
For example, where
N
109
== 8, at a pressure of 7 atmospheres,
we
shall have:
8-7
1
7
7
Under a pressure
of half an atmosphere, the gas volume will be
15 and under a pressure of
of an atmosphere, 31, constantly
i/j^
progressing toward infinity as the pressure approaches zero, at
which point
it
will reach infinity.
In like manner, to determine the pressure when the number of
volumes of free gas to each volume of water
is
known, we have
N
Thus, where
ume
of water,
N=8
we
and there are
have, y
^g|-^^
3
2,
volumes of gas to each
vol-
the pressure expressed in
atmospheres.
Graphic representation of increase in gas volume.
this progressive increase of gas in a graph,
we
If
we
plot
shall find that it
does not proceed in a straight line but on a curve.
This curve
represents the effect of Boyles' law.
The following graph
OY may be
OX
will illustrate the proposition.
taken as rectangular co-ordinate axes.
The
and
abscissa of
any point in the curve may be designated by x and the ordinate
The foregoing formulae and computations will then be
y.
by
applicable and
problems involving the relations of pressures
all
and volumes may be solved by the application of familiar mathematical principles.*
Relation of volume of ivater to each volume of mingled gas
and ivater. If now we turn our attention to the water volume
and consider
its
relation to the
volume of mingled gas and water,
we shall obtain the following results where N = 8.
At the depth of 233 1/3 feet below the water level
gas will
all
water which
At
the
be in solution and the entire volume will be
may
of water 1/7 of a
8/8
be stated at
the depth of 200 feet
we
volume of
shall
have for each volume
gas, or 7 parts of
water to
1
* This curve is a hyperbola, and the axes to which it is referred \\\ the
graph are not the normal axes of the hyperbola. The .-r-axis is the asymptote
of one of the branches of the curve.
�:
:
State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
110
The gas
of gas.
ume
At
1/8 of a given vol-
will therefore equal
and the water
of gas and water
7/8
will equal
we shall have 2/6 volumes
volume (Q/Q) of water or 2 parts of gas to
The water in each volume will therefore be.
a depth of 166 2/3 feet,
of gas to each
6 of water.
6/8
.
At the depth of 133 1/3
The
gas to 5 of water.
So, at 100
feet,
there will be 3 parts of
5/8
v/ater will then equal
feet
the v/ater will
equal
4/8
feet
the water will
equal
3/8
33 1/3 feet the water will equal
2/8
66 2/3
At the water level or
feet the water w^ill equal
The next step in the progression would be the removal
1/8
of the
atmospheric pressure, which would result in the expansion of the
gas to an infinite volume.
would be reduced
As
a necessary consequence, the
to 0, or disappear, in
an attempt
water
to state it in
-rms of the combined volume of gas and water.
If
now we
the progressive decrease in the volume of
plot
water as we ascend the well, wc shall obtain the following graph
This diagram presents a simpler problem than the
last
and
gives rise to a simpler equation as follows
Let X
= pressure
expressed in atmospheres
y == number
volumes
of
of
water
to
each
volume of
mingled water and gas
N = number
of volumes of gas
to each
Then x =
The locus
ratio of the
decreases as
Ny
is
at
atmospheric pressure
volume of water
and y
= x/l^.
therefore a straight line and indicates that the
water volume
we ascend
to the
combined water and gas volume
the well from the plane of saturation in
arithmetical progression.
Weight of gas and mineral content as affecting
gas
due
lift.
efficiency of
In making our computation of the resultant pressure
to tlie gas lift at
the hydraulic level,
we have
considered
the weight of the gas as negligible, basing our results solely on
This we may do for all practical pur500 times heavier than COo at atmospheric
the weight of the water.
poses, since water is
pressure.
Yet, to achieve mathematical accuracy, the weight of
the gas would have to be taken into account, the
more
so since it
�Report of the Commissioners
111
increases rapidly in weight by reason of the hydrostatic pressure
we descend
as
the well, being at the depth of 200 feet seven
times as heavy as at the surface.
The quantity
of soluble salts in the water of a given well also
water and would have to be taken
affects the specific gravity of the
into consideration
Temperature
the
foregoing
is
where
demanded.
results of great accuracy are
In
also a factor to be taken into consideration.
computations
assumed
is
it
to
have remained
constant.
must be made because of the fact
come out of solution in exact conformity with
Finally, another correction
that gas does not
the theory supposed to govern
its
When
behavior.
the water flows
from the mouth of the well Ave have assumed that it holds in solution but a single volume of gas at atmospheric pressure. Instead
of this, it holds substantially more than a single volume, or, in
other words, is supersaturated and gives up the gas that constitutes such supersaturation slowly, unless the water
agitated,
when
the process
accelerated, retaining
is
it
is
shaken or
to a greater
or less degree and for a longer or shorter period of time, depending,
no doubt, upon the quantity and character of the mineral salts
it in solution and the care taken to avoid violent agita-
held by
tion.
This property
supersaturated with
is
what makes
carbonic
it
possible to furnish water
acid gas
for
patient to absorb the gas into his circulation
believed to be
its
;
baths
and
and for the
this is generally
most important therapeutical characteristic.
Dr. Paul Haertl, of
Bad
Kissingen, probably the most accom-
plished expert in the methods of drawing, storing and using car-
bonated waters in the world, has invented a simple and convenient
device to measure the degree of supersaturation and by
it
use
its
has been found that under favorable conditions the water
may
be supersaturated with gas to the amount of 85 per cent, of
volume
at
atmospheric pressure.
its
It is quite obvious that this is
a disturbing factor of substantial importance that tends to mini-
mize the
effect of the gas lift.
To
obtain an accurate result, there-
fore, it is necessary to take into account this capacity of
mineral
water to hold in solution for a time more than the theoretical
volume of
gas.
Percolating Mineral Water and
Dry Gas
Wells.
Although
it
seems clear that the wells which have been drilled into the water
bearing strata of the dolomite rock encounter a subterranean
�f
State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
112
stream of carbonated waters flowing northerly along the bedding
planes which affords them a supply,
it is
none the
less clear that
the carbonated waters are found in places as percolating waters.
This occurs in the Saratoga plateau, where they are found, after
emergence from the rock, in a deposit of sand or gravel overlying
the Hudson River shales and beneath impervious layers of clay
This deposit in which the waters percolate,
and quicksand.*
much
being so
which
less,
nearer the surface than the dolomite strata out of
tliey escape,
and the pressure, consequently, being so much
it up
they cannot retain their full content of CO2, but give
form of free
in the
gas,
which
rises to the top of the
water and
is
entrapped by the impervious clay strata and collects beneath them.
So
it
has happened that wells driven through the clay imme-
diately encounter free gas under considerable pressure,
rushes out of them with
much
which
force, sufficient, it is said, at times,
from the mouth of the well high into the air. In
the natural course of events, this deposit of gas would be, after
to eject stones
exhausted
a time,
;
and, the pressure
it
exerted on the surface of
the water being thus relieved, the water would rise in the well and
act as a seal,
and no more gas would escape from
through the influence of the principle of the Pohle air
we have
it,
except
lift,
which
described.
But, after the discovery of the dry gas wells, which were first
found on the Lincoln Spring property, the natural course of
events was disturbed by the operations of the Lincoln and ISTatural
companies, both of which were continually seeking to increase
ISTumerous wells were drilled through the
their gas product.
deposits in which the carbonated waters were percolating
and into
the rock strata, until the mineral waters were there encountered.
The mineral waters came up through these wells naturally at
and, when depletion had set in to such a degree that the
hydrostatic pressure, aided by the natural gas lift we have mentioned, failed to produce them at the surface, the owners supplemented the forces of nature by a more efficient artificial gas lift,
which brought them to the second stage of depletion. When this
had been reached, deep well pumps were installed, the barrels
first;
*
Testimony of William
Minutes,
IIG.
t Tostimonv of Prof.
pp. 217, 249.
C.
McQueen
in
Hathorn
v.
Strong; Stenographer's
p.
Kemp
in
People
v.
"NT.
Y. C. A.
Gas
Co.:
Sten. Min..
�113
Report of the Commissioners
being submerged 150 feet below the surface; and,
acquired the properties, in some, at
when
the State
of these wells,
least,
the
water levels had been lowered to a point below the pump barrels.
The continuance of the process would undoubtedly have brought
when
the mineral water system to a third stage of depletion,
deep well pumps,
longer have reached the water and
to lower the
the
aided by the atmospheric pressure, could no
pump
would have been necessary
it
barrels to a greater depth.
This depletion had a curious effect upon the dry gas wells.
The removal of so much water diminished the hydrostatic pressure to which the carbonated waters were subjected and this com-
up
pelled the waters to give
a large part of their
CO2
content
which, rising and collecting beneath the clay strata, formed a continuous supply for the so-called dry gas wells, while the
prevented the waters from rising and sealing them
pumping
off
in the
formed an immense
natural separator in the deposit of gravel below the clay which
separated the gas from the water and delivered the former free at
manner we have
the
mouths of the dry gas
When, by
left to
In other words,
described.
wells.
the stopping of the pumps, the forces of nature were
operate without interference from man, the mineral water
levels at once
began to
rise
and continued
occurred which would have occurred
the bottoms of the dry gas wells
to
much
interference which has been mentioned
do so until the event
sooner, except for the
— the
rising water reached
and sealed
which they have yielded no gas at all.
Extent of mineral water supply. There
among
it
is
off
the gas, since
general agreement
experts that the mineral waters of Saratoga are found
in the strata of the Little Falls dolomite underlying the Utica
shales.
This has also been established by the actual experience
of well drillers.
It is also established,
experiments, that not
mineral water.
maximum
Some
all
by many investigations and
the strata of the dolomite are filled with
are dry and others yield fresh water.
aggregate thickness
of the
waters between the shale and the Potsdam sandstone
not
more than forty or
fifty feet.
The
strata carrying mineral
Assuming
it
to be
is
probably
45 feet and
the beds capable of holding water to the extent of 10 per cent,
of their volume, a capacity at least double that which has been
attributed to the
Potsdam sandstone, they would have
a storage
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
114
capacity approximating
area,
1,500,000 gallons per acre of surface
The area
or 960,000,000 gallons for each square mile.
may
beneath which
it is
in the rocks is
measurable by miles and these figures
possible mineral waters
be thus stored
may
aid in
forming a conception of the whole amount thus stored.
This supply, large as it is, is by no means inexhaustible. Pumping from
it
at the rate of
500,000 gallons daily, a rate not much
any beyond that sometimes actually reached when all the gas
companies were operating, would entirely exhaust the mineral
if
waters in an acre of land in three days, or in 120 acres in a year,
or in a square mile in 5 or 6 years.
The
operations of the gas
companies were carried on, though perhaps not on so large a
more than that period of time.
Supply continually replenished. The great depletion wrought
by the pumping, which served to reduce the mineral water head
to the extent of more than a hundred feet over a large area, would
have been permanent if there had been no source of supply other
scale, for
than the waters at the time stored in the strata of the dolomite.
Some eminent
geologists
believed
the
depletion to be perma-
nent and entertained the opinion that measures of conservation
had arrived too
late to be capable of valuable results.
to their expectations,
Contrary
however, the mineral water head has con-
made effective and
end of the third year progress toward nonnal conditions
tinued to rise ever since these measures were
at the
;
continues.
must be assumed, therefore, that there is a continuous flow
some point into the dolomite strata of saline carbonated waters,
It
at
probably with a low relative content of calcium and magnesium
carbonates or even without any of these substances, and that the
carbonates are taken
up from
the beds of dolomite.
It
that the foregoing suggestions as to the direction of flow
may
be
and the
which the carbonates of calcium and magnesium are disfrom the rocks will aid in determining the location of the
point where the emergence of the waters from other and probably
rate at
solved
lower formations into the dolomite takes place.
From the foregoing examination and study of the facts relating to the Saratoga mineral water system, the following propositions
seem to have been established:
�Report of the Commissioners
There
First.
115
at Saratoga Springs, a double hydraulic sys-
is,
tem of ground waters, the upper being the system of superficial
fresh ground waters and the lower the system of saline carbonated mineral waters and the two systems are separated from each
other by impervious strata of clay and rock.
;
The lower
Second.
ted water system,
or less distant
is
of these
from the
and wells of Saratoga are
Third.
two systems, or the saline carbona-
an artesian system, actuated by a head more
district in
which the mineral springs
situated.
The carbonated mineral waters
flow in a subterranean
stream or streams in the bedding planes and other openings in
the strata of the Little Falls dolomite;
Hathorn No. 2 and Hathorn No.
1,
and their course between
a distance of three miles,
is
in a general northeasterly direction.
Fourth.
The Saratoga mineral waters probably
enter the dol-
omite strata with a content of carbon-dioxide and sodium chloride.
As they proceed
in their course
from southwest
to north-
east, they are subject to dilution from the upper fresh ground
water system, and their relative content of chlorides
is
con-
stantly decreasing.
The mineral waters acquire their content of bi-carbonates
lime and magnesium from the strata of the dolomites through
Fifth.
of
which they
flow,
and the ratio of their content of these bicarbon-
ates to the chlorine content of the waters
is
continually increas-
ing as the waters flow to the northeast.
Sixth.
The content of sodimn bicarbonate is not acquired
from the same source as the chlorine content, nor is it obtained
from the dolomite strata, but it is probable that it is produced
by the action of some chemical re-agent which comes into the
waters at different points and in an irregular way.
Seventh.
M'hich the
The Saratoga fault is not the opening through
waters come up from great depths bearing their con-
and carbon-dioxide, but is probably a convenient
which the mineral waters escape from the strata of the
exit by
Little Falls dolomite and flow to the surface as natural springs.
Eighth. The point where the waters emerge from great and
tent of chlorine
unknown depths with
is at a
and carbon-dioxide content
considerable distance from the valley of the springs, and
their chlorine
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
116
probable that another fault west of the Saratoga fault af-
is
it
fords the avenue by which they rise and flow into the dolomite
strata.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Well Pits
The
pit system, generally or universally
employed
in
Europe
for the use and control of wells yielding carbonated waters,
is
It consists of a pit about the well, usually cir-
very important.
cular in form, sunk to a considerable depth below the ground
water
table, the well
The water flowing
opening into the centre of the
into the bottom of the pit
height where a condition of equilibrium
is
fills
pit.
it
up
to the
In the
established.
course of nature, where the waters are supersaturated with car-
bon
an
dioxide,
atmosphere
of
carbon
dioxide
accumulates
upon the surface of the water in the pit, expelling the atmosThe waters may be perpheric air and filling the pit.
mitted to flow
oft'
gently,
at
the highest level, so as to insure
more highly carbonated waters at
and to guard against deterioration from
a constant replenishment of
the bottom of the pit
stagnation.
The water standing
loses a portion of
its
highest
in
the pit gradually
carbon dioxide content until the point of
complete saturation at the atmospheric pressure
excess of gas rising to the surface of the water.
the pit containing carbonated waters, protected
atmosphere of carbon-dioxide.
As we
is
reached, the
We
from the
then have
air
by an
proceed below the surface,
the degree of carbonation increases, due to the increasing pressure
of the superincumbent water.
When we
reach a depth of about
feet, the water contains two volumes of carbon dioxide at
32
at-
mospheric pressure.
We may
COo
to
imies at
thus draw from the pit a water supersaturated with
any desired point, up to a total gas content of two volthe atmospheric pressure, by drawing it from the proper
Only enough water will flow out of the
well into the pit to make good the quantity withdrawn from the
pit, and its outflow will be accomplished in the most gentle manner possible, and agitation which might cause the water to give
depth below the surface.
up
its
carbon dioxide will be reduced to a
minimum.
In
this
way, unnocessarv drafts on the mineral water supply are avoided,
and the storage of the waters in the system provided by nature
�Report of the
for the purpose
mand
Moreover,
accomplished.
is
117
Commissiojsteks
if
an occasional de-
supply of water for a short period of time,
arises for a
beyond the normal flow of the well at the surface of the ground,
there is no other way in which it can be met with as little depletion of the well or general disturbance of the hydraulic system.
When
the waters of the well flowing from the mineral water
vein are highly carbonated and water
is
drawn from the
rapidly than the mineral water vein can supply
it,
pit
more
a general
cone of depression in the contiguous ground waters will result,
These
causing an inflow of waters that are not carbonated.
mingling with the highly carbonated waters will take up part of
their carbon dioxide content
which would otherwise pass
off into
the atmosphere, thus increasing the quantity of water sufficiently
carbonated for bathing purposes.
If
case
it is at
it
any time desired, the well may be made
to spout, in
has a sufficient gas content to operate as a gas
sealing into the well a small pipe through which the
lift,
by
normal flow
of the well will cause the waters to ascend fast enough to keep
the waters and free gas commingled until they escape from the
mouth
This can be quickly adjusted and removed
of the well.
at pleasure.
These are very great advantages where the demand
lar
and for a large quantity of water of a moderate
is
degi'ee of
carbonation for a few hours, with considerable intervals,
water, or a negligible quantity,
is
required.
irregu-
when no
Such conditions
at-
tend the use of waters for bathing.
If the
demand
is
for
more highly carbonated waters for drinkThere the use of the pit
ing, these advantages are less obvious.
might be
fatal to the
A
accomplishment of the purpose.
containing three volumes of
CO2
at atmospheric pressure, for
water
which
there exists a commercial demand, could not be supplied without
artificial
appliances
be constructed.
;
for a pit of sufficient depth could not well
Moreover, in bottling waters the use
regular, proceeding at a constant
is
more
and moderate rate throughout
the entire 24 hours.
It
and
would seem, therefore, that for drawing waters for drinking
bottling, the
advantages of the pit system
may
not be so
great; and one important consideration, due to conditions per-
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
118
haps peculiar
this
the springs at Saratoga,
to
connection
as
liable
to
in
oil'sct,
is
some
worthy of note in
cases,
possible
all
advantages.
Attention has already been called to the fact that the mineral
water head
is
artesian in character,
and acts upon the head of
the contiguous superficial fresh waters through the springs, and
is in
times
turn acted upon by
How
may
In this way surface waters
it.
into the mineral
at
water wells and springs, perhaps
bringing in pathogenic germs
^vitl^
them.
way we
In this
sup-
H2S obtain entrance to the springs and imThese fresh or sulphur bearing waters probably gain
pose waters carrying
pair them.
entrance to the wells in the upper part of them and are more
likely to
appear where the mineral water head
is
depleted or the
fresh, surface waters are relatively high.
The operation
of the well imder the influence of the gas
a great safeguard against pollution from such sources.
readily be understood
when we
under such circumstances.
taining five volumes of
lift is
This can
consider the condition of the well
In a well supplied by waters con-
CO2
the plane of saturation
encoun-
is
tered at a point about 140 feet below the level of the water in the
well.
At
and
this point
below^
it,
no difference whether
tliere is
the well opens into a pit or flows by the gas
above there
is
lift
;
but at
a difl'erence, constantly increasing as
points
all
you proceed
toward the surface.
Under
the conditions represented
page 104 the water
level in a pit
surface of the ground.
in
the well
would stand ten
feet below the
Fresh or impure waters under
above that would flow into the well at any point,
opened into a pit
— but
if
upon
figured
if
head
a
the well
the well were flowing by the gas
lift,
from a point not far above the plane of saturation the pressure
within the well would be greater than that outside; and,
if
an
opening existed anywhere above that point, the waters would
it and waters outside could not flow in.
such an opening should exist at " c " half way
tend to flow out through
If, for instance,
between " a " and " b," and polluted waters outside stood there
ready to flow
in,
and
if their
head was no higher than the ground
water table about the well or below that point, their maximum
inward pressure at " c " would be equal to a column of water 70
feet in height.
The outward pressure on
the well of the waters
�Report of the Commissioners
standing in the well,
same
the
at
same
if
119
the gas seal was eifective, would be the
under the same head.
point,
But,
the
if
colimin of water in the well became lighter, in consequence of
CO2 being given
be reduced
and
" b
"'
so that its specific gravity at
one-half, the pressure at " c," half
way
would, without allowance for friction, be
at " b " only
well
off,
a " should
between '" a "
''
less
than that
by the back pressure of a column of water inside the
and below that point whose a,verage density or
gravity would be less by
bonated water, or
%
^
of
l/^
hea^'y
as
specific
than the density of uncar-
as
uncarbonated
water
and
capable of exerting a back pressure at " b " due to their weight,
of Ys of the pressure of a
nonnal water column of 70
feet in
height, or equivalent to a normal water column 61.25 feet high,
thus
resulting
at
"c"
in
140
— 61.25=78.75
head,
feet
as
In
against a head of 70 feet impelling water to enter the well
other words, at
''
c " waters outside the well could not flow into
the well unless they had a head nearly 20 feet higher than the
ground waters about the
From
well.
this point to the surface the advantage of the pressure
in the well for the exclusion of water tending to flow into
would constantly
increase,
until,
when
the
water
table
it
was
reached, the pressure in the well would be 35 pounds and the
outside pressure zero.
It is easy to see that this increase of pressure within the well
may
under certain circumstances, of the greatest benefit as a
protection from contamination by surface waters
and, in the
be,
;
Saratoga basin, from waters flowing in the shale and carrying
sulphuretted hydrogen, which are
into the
upper parts of some of the
Memorandum
in
all
the time seeking to flow
wells.
Relation to the Drawing and Storage of
Mineral Waters
C^arbonates of lime, magnesia and iron are not highly soluble in
water, but carbon dioxide dissolved in water increases
to dissolve these substances
and hold them in
by
This capacity
amount of the carbon dioxide in
come from a considerable depth,
increases with an increase in the
Mineral waters that
capacity
solution, doubtless
converting them into more soluble bicarbonates.
solution.
its
�State Rp:servation at Saratoga Springs
120
where they are under pressure and contain more than the amount
of carbon dioxide which they are capable of holding in solution
normal atmospheric pressure, often hold in solution these
at the
carbonates in quantities too great to be retained when, after having
and the carbon
been brought to the surface, the pressure
is
dioxide passes oif into the atmosphere.
Accordingly, such waters,
when brought
relieved
to the surface, first lose their carbon dioxide
and
then become turbid from the precipitation of a portion of their
solid contents;
and the substances thus precipitated
and form a sediment
finally sink
bottom of the receptacle that contains
at the
the waters.
The mineral waters of Saratoga illustrate this characteristic in
Some of these waters hold in solution at the
bottom of the wells as much as five and one-half volumes of carbon
a remarkable way.
dioxide at the normal
When
atmospheric temperature
and pressure.
they come to the surface, over eighty per cent, of the gas
given off and the process of precipitation begins at once.
has always
made
for bathing.
to bottle the waters or to store
it difiicult
is
This
them
If stored for the latter purpose in open tanks, they
soon lose their gas and precipitate part of their mineral content
and become muddy and
less
agreeable for use.
In
this particular
The same trouble
they do not differ from similar waters elsewhere.
has been experienced at Nauheim.
Where
wells have a limited flow and, during that relatively brief
part of the day
rate than the
when baths
are taken, the water
nonnal rate of
necessary to meet the
It therefore
of the busy hours.
becomes a matter of
The
it,
method of obviating
when mineral waters are stored.
great importance to find some
precipitation
used at a greater
during the
is
remainder of the day, or some part of
demands
is
flow, the storage of waters
the tendency to
precipitation in storage tanks can be prevented by a system
of storage under pressure.
The waters can then be
delivered to
the bather with their entire mineral and gaseous content; and,
although the process of precipitation will at once begin when the
waters are drawn, yet as it is not an instantaneous process, the
bather will have the benefit of a supersaturated solution and escape
in a
measure the unfavorable impression due to drawing muddy
water for a bath.
�Repokt of the Commissioners
To
water under heavy pressure
store large quantities of
and to obtain such
for large tanks or receptacles,
withstand heavy pressure from within
make use
is
calls
as are able to
increasingly difficult as
may
therefore, be advisable
of several smaller receptacles,
which can be used as
the size of the receptacle increases.
to
121
It
a unit and so arranged as to be as convenient as a single receptacle
orf
the aggregate capacity of
The maximum amount
all
of them.
of carbon dioxide in any of the Saratoga
waters, according to Professor
Kemp,
The average amount, however,
is five
is less,
and one-half volumes.
perhaps not over three and
one-half volumes, and to enable the water to hold this in solution,
a pressure of about fifty
pounds to the square inch
required.
a pressure will not only enable the water to hold in solution
Such
all its
carbon dioxide, but will at the same time prevent the pre-
and iron and be ade-
cipitation of its carbonates of lime, magnesia
quate for
A
is
all
purposes.
cylindrical receptacle, four feet in diameter, will contain
93.456 gallons for each foot in length.
The capacity
in gallons of
a cylindrical receptacle of any other size can easily be computed
by multiplying the square of the radius of
feet
base expressed in
its
by the constant 23.56.
In order
to
draw the water
without admitting
air, it will
entirely out of the storage system,
be necessary to employ the expansive
force of carbon dioxide; and this can be done by
first filling
the
system with carbon dioxide at the normal atmospheric pressure.
If
this is
done and the carbonated waters are then pumped into the
receptacle until a pressure of three and one-half atmospheres
reached
(or the normal atmospheric pressure plus 21/0
atmos-
pheres), the gas in the receptacle will be compressed until
occupies only two-fifths of
its
original
space will be filled with water.
is
it
volume and the remaining
The capacity
of a four-foot cylin-
der for water will, therefore, under the conditions assumed, be
56.07 gallons for each lineal foot and the constant will become
14.14 instead of 23.56.
The foregoing computations
A
ture of 18 degrees C.
will
make important
are based on a uniform tempera-
wide deviation from
this
temperature
and
to
important
to
difi^erences in the pressure required
maintain constant conditions in other respects
it is
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
122
maiutaiii a constant temperature.
This
may
be done by sinking
the receptacles into the ground, bnt will lead to difficulties in
management from the
their
tunately,
same
difficulty
of
access to them.
For-
nature has provided a method of accomplishing the
result in a
much more
composed of shale or
convenient manner in the high
slate, at
blnir's
the Geysers, through which Coesa
may be quarried an
may be so installed as to
accessible.
Here they may be
channel into which
creek has eroded
its
ample chamber
which the receptacles
in
render every part of them easily
laid
down on
their sides
the contents of
may
all
and arranged one above another
so that
be drawn from the lowest of the series.
The following diagram
will
manner
illustrate the
in
which
two receptacles may be arranged and the method of connecting
them
in order to accomplish the desired result.
In
filling the
lower of two receptacles (A) the gas will be com-
pressed and partly driven into the upper one (B) until the lower
is
half full of water.
By
this process, the pressure will be raised
normal atmospheric pressure plus five pounds, or to a total
pressure of twenty pounds.
Continuing the process, the water
to the
will rise in
escape, until,
to the
"A", sealing
when
off the
gas and preventing
further
normal atmospheric pressure, the volume of gas in ''A" will
be only one-third that of the water and "
full
its
the pressure reaches fifteen pounds in addition
of
water.
hydrostatic
B
" will be one-third
(This disregards the slight difi^erenee due to
pressure
in
consequence
of
one
receptacle
being
elevated above the other.)
In the same way, continuing the process until a ])rossure of
3V> atmospheres is obtained, we shall have a gaseous
content of 2/7 the volume of the receptacle and water o(iual to
�Repokt of the Commissioners
123
5/7 of the same, or a storage capacity for water equal to 66.75
gallons to each lineal foot of a cylinder four feet in diameter
under that pressure.
The
amount stored is conreceptacle were employed and each of the
result will be the same, so far as the
if one large
two smaller ones will have an adequate quantity of gas to act as
cerned, as
a cushion
In
and
this connection,
taining
less
by
to expel
than
its
expansive force the liquid content.
should be considered that
it
volumes
31/2
of
gas
is
if
water con-
pumped
it may
receptacle under a pressure of 31/2 atmospheres,
solution the whole or part of the gas with
were originally
filled
;
into
the
take into
which the receptacles
and the gaseous contents of the receptacles,
required for elasticity,
may
thus be
culty, provision should be
made
additional quantity of gas
;
lost.
To
obviate this
diffi-
for supplying to the receptacle an
and the receptacles should be provided
not only with pressure gauges but also with water gauges, to
enable the amount of water contained in them at
all
times to be
seen.
In this connection,
ability of securing
to the surface
also,
should be mentioned the obvious desir-
and storing the carbon dioxide which comes
with the waters.
It w^ill be required, constantly,
for use in connection with any storage system
matter of no great difficulty to secure
it
;
and
it
will be a
in sufficient quantities for
use in connection with the waters utilized for l)athing, as well as
the bottled waters.
Closely connected with the question of storage
is
another ques-
method of drawing
mineral water from the well. As the water rises in the well and
is permitted to flow under natural forces from the mouth of the
tion of equal importance, viz., that of the
well;
it is,
losing
its
for a considerable distance below the surface, constantly
carbon dioxide and with
When
tion its solid content.
it is
it
not in the same condition as
has already suffered deterioration.
can be effected by
may
be questioned.
loss of its
it its
flows
ability to hold in solu-
from the mouth of the
well,
when stored in the rocks but
Whether complete restoration
its
immediate recarbonation under pressure
It
seems certain that there will at least be a
radium emanation when
it
loses its original gaseous
content.
It
seems
much more
reasonable, therefore, to secure the waters
�State Reservation at Saratoga Springs
124
by carbon dioxide and to
place them immediately under pressure and keep them under
pressure until delivered to the storage tank, thus affording no
at a point below the plane of saturation
opportunity for the escape of carbon-dioxide and no opportunity
This
for the precipitation of the solid contents.
satisfactory accomplishment
barrel will be
submerged
is
capable of
pump whose
by means of a deep well
75 feet below the surface of
at least
the water in the well. By this means the waters may be secured
and stored in their natural condition.
To obviate the precipitation by bottled waters of their solid
contents, recourse has been had in the past to different expedients.
A device was invented for bottling the waters without permitting
them to come into contact with the atmospheric air. This proceeded upon the theory that the precipitation was due to oxidation
;
ment
but
its real efficacy
depended upon the immediate
confine-
of the waters in bottles under a considerable pressure, which
prevented the escape of their carbon dioxide content and preserved their power of dissolving the carbonates of the alkaline
earths.
Another expedient was injecting into each
bottle a suffi-
cient quantity of citric acid to convert the less soluble carbon-
more soluble citrates.
The waters of the Reservation are all bottled under the supervision of the State. Most of them are bottled in the condition in
which they flow from the mouth of the well. The waters of two
ates into
springs, however, are permitted to precipitate the excess of solid
carbonates which they are unable to hold at the normal atmospheric
pressure before bottling.
no
loss of the
loss,
more
In
this
soluble salts
way
is
the water remains clear, and
sustained
principally of carbonate of lime.
It
;
is
but there
is
a partial
believed that this
is
rather an advantage than otherwise in the case of waters that are
to be used
upon the
table
and drunlc freely
as a beverage.
�INDEX
Adams Spring:
page
Amount of soluble chlorides in waters
Not affected by pumping operations
Ami,
Henry M.
of
86
89
:
Suggested artesian mineral water head
Anthony, Charles
G., C. E.
85
:
Determination of " cone of depression " by, as indicating direction
of flow
89
Anti-Pumping
Law
(L. 1908, chapter 429)
enactment
80
Artesian Head:
Of mineral water in Coesa valley
84
Artesian Lithia Spring:
Relation between chlorides and carbonates in waters of
90
Artesian Wells:
Drilled in Saratoga Plateau
82
Pumping
82
of deep wells stopped
Different yield from
pumping shallow and deep wells
96
98
All important ones near a given line
Sealing
off
106
flowing wells
Ballston, Springs of:
Relation between chlorides and carbonates in waters
Near same line as those of Saratoga
Beck, L. C:
Report of the Mineralogy of New York State
90
of
98
86
Bottling Waters:
Device
for,
designed to exclude
air; after precipitation of
Ca CO^;
124
various methods
Boyle's Law:
Graph illustrating
Calcium Carbonate:
Source
of, in
effect of,
109
upon gas volume
86
mineral waters
Carbonates:
87
Ratio of, to chlorides in mineral waters
Progressive increase in ratio to chlorides
Rate
of increase in ratio of, for distances traversed
87
89
by waters
Carbon Dioxide:
Obtained from artesian wells
Mineral waters obtain, before
82
other
ingredients;
amount
North
of,
in
86
waters of different wells decreases from South to
102
of, in bringing mineral waters to the surface
Mineral waters supersaturated with; solvibility of under pressure.. 103
;
Agency
[125]
�Index
]26
—
Carbon Dioxide (Conlinued)
As diminishing specific gravity
page
:
of
water
103
Pressure exerted by, limited to hydrostatic pressure
Volumes of free gas at diflferent depths
107
Weight
110
105
disregarded
of,
Desirability of storing for use
120
Escape
120
of,
resulting in precipitation of salts
Carlsbad Spring (Old)
:
Distant from main channels
97
Champion Wells:
Effect of large flow
from
88
Copious flow from, as indicating suterranean streams
Prompt effect of flow from,
Chandler, Prof. Charles F.
Testimony of, in Hathorn
Principle of gas
Charts:
Showing
lift
96
at distant points
97
:
v.
Strong's Sanitariinn
99
105
stated by
.
Ratio of
87
ratio of carbonates to chlorides
HNa CO3
to other salts
94
•
104
of well illustrating mechanical effect of free gas content.
109
Increase in gas volume above plane of saturation
Decrease in relative volume of water above plane of saturation. ... 110
Diagram showing arrangement of receptacles for storage of carbon-
Diagram
122
waters
ated
Chlorides
.
:
Ratio of carbonates
Rate
to, in
87
Saratoga mineral waters
89
of decrease in ratio of, for distances traversed by waters
Mineral waters obtain, before other
waters of different wells
Citizens' Committee:
ingredients;
amoiuit
of,
in
86
80
Efforts to rescue springs
Clarke, Db. John M.
Testimony of, in Hathorn
:
Clay
v.
86
Strong's Sanitarium
:
1
Impervious strata of
CoESA Spring:
Not affected by pumping operations
1"
89
CoESA Valley:
Western boundary of plateau
Eroded by Coesa creek; altitude of compared with plateau; double
hydraulic system in; depletion of mineral waters in; mineral
waters imder pressure in
Hydrostatic pressure sufficient to cause flow of wells
in
Commissioners of State Reservation:
Acquisition of Natural Company's property by: permitted continuance of pumping
Comstock Spring:
Relation between chlorides and ciirbonates in wafers of
Congress Spring
81
84
106
^-
90
:
Situation relative to plateau
Discovered in channel of brook
81
100
�Index
CUSHING, De. H. p.:
Describes Saratoga Plateau
Describes sand terrace in town
Depletion
127
page
82
of
Milton
90
:
Of mineral water head in plateau
Eelative, of fresh and mineral waters
Effect diminshed by distance; rapid communication
points; progress towai'd normal
Of water percolating in gravel
Diagrams
82
83
of,
to distant
85
98
:
See Charts.
Dilution:
Progressive, as indicating direction of flow
86
Checked by fall of fresh water head
Direction of Flow:
Indicated by increasing alkaline content and by
101
effect of flow at in-
termediate points
87
Conflicting opinions in respect to
Opinion of Prof.
98
Kemp
99
Dolomite, Little Falls:
Mineral waters encountered in
86
Distances traversed by mineral waters in
point where mineral
waters enter; bedding planes of, natural water ways
98
Northern limits of formation
99
Maximum thickness of strata of, carrying mineral waters
114
;
Double Hydraulic System:
Accounted for
In Coesa Valley
Interaction of two systems
100
Observations upon, to be made in High Kock Park
101
83
84
Dry Gas Wells:
How
112
Life of,
113
formed; how sealed by water
how prolonged
EMPE310R Spbinu:
Amount of soluble chlorides in waters of
Eureka Spring:
86
Situation relative to plateau
81
Faults, Geological:
Location of fault at Saratoga Springs
Others shown by Gushing
Galway
Office of
of mineral waters
Springs of, in Coesa valley
Lift:
Natural, operation of in wells
Erroneous impression arising from
Efficiency
of,
computed
82
fault;
East
01
fault
Saratoga fault in production of mineral waters
Fresh Water:
Head of, differs from that
Gas
& Ruedemann; Rock City
99
83
84
103
105
106
�Index
128
Gas Lift
—
(Continued)
Table showing pressure at hydrostatic level due to
Corrections to be made to computation of efficiency of gas
Artificial, employed by well owners
page
:
108
110
lift. ...
113
Geyser Spring:
Large content of sodium bicarbonate
Probable return of waters to orignal condition
Great Bear Swamp
Boundary
GuRN Spring:
94
95
:
Saratoga Plateau
of
81
Location and mineral content of waters
Near same line as springs of Saratoga and Ballston
88
98
Haertl, Dr. Paul:
Device
of,
to determine degree of supersaturation of water with CO;.
Hathorn Spring No.
Elevation of plateau above
Amount
Ill
1:
81
,
of soluble chlorides in waters of
Large content
8G
of sodivmi bicarbonates; probable return of waters to
94
original condition
Low mineralization of, result of
Hathorn Spring No. 2:
Amount of soluble chlorides in
depletion in plateau
waters
by pumping operations
Hathorn Spring No. 3:
Amount of soluble chlorides in waters
Not
102
86
of
89
affected
Hering, Rudolph,
'
80
of
C. E.:
Explains natural gas
105
lift
Hide-Franklin Spring:
Relation between chlorides and carbonates in waters of
90
High Rock Pit:
Offers facilities for observations on double hydraulic system
Hill, William R., C. E.
Supposed determination of direction of flow
101
:
92
Howe's Cave:
96
Subterranean water courses in
Hydrostatic Pressure
:
Coesa valley
water to surface at
102
Sufficient to cause flow in
Insufficient to raise
all
points
103
Kayaderosseras Creek:
Boundary
of
81
Saratoga Plateau
Kayaderosseras Range
:
Connects with sand terrace in Milton
Kemp, Prof. James
91
E.:
92
Opinion as to direction of flow
93
Opinion as to source of sodium bicarbonate
Opinion that bedding planes of dolomite are natural channels for
^^
water
Maximum amount of COo in Saratoga waters as determined by.... lOH
Lincoln Spring:
Amount
of soluble chlorides in
waters of
86
�Index
129
Lincoln Spring Company:
page
Operations in plateau
82
Determinations from water levels at property of
92
Magnesium Carbonate
Source
:
in mineral waters
of,
86
Mammoth Cave:
Subterranean water courses in
McQueen, William
Testimony
of, in
C.
96
:
Hathorn
v.
Merrill, Frederick H. K.
Testimony of, in Hathorn
Strong's Sanitarium
112
:
v.
Strong's Sanitarium
105
Milton, Town of:
Sand terrace in, described
91
Mineral Water Head:
Depletion
Rise
in plateau
of,
82
when pumping was stopped
of,
83
Artesian head in Coesa valley
Effect of rise of in plateau; conditions in Coesa valley affecting;
differs from that of fresh waters
84
85
Mineral Waters:
First obtain CO2 and chlorides
86
Direction of flow of
89
Probable distance in dolomite strata traversed by; point of entry
into dolomite strata
90
Copious flow of, from wells as indicating subterranean streams
96
Escape of, from dolomite at Saratoga fault line
99
Extent of supply of, stored in dolomite strata
113
Source of, other than supply stored in dolomite strata
114
Storage of, xmder pressure; precipitation of salts by
120
Drawing
of,
from well
123
Minnonebe Spring:
Waters
of,
approaching Geyser water in mineralization
Natural Carbonic Gas
95
Co.:
Operations in plateau; property acquired for reservation
Determinations from water levels at
Old Red Spring:
Amount of soluble
Palmertown Range:
82
89
chlorides in waters of
86
Relation of Saratoga mountain to
Pavilion Spring
81-2
:
Discovered boiling up in swamp
Percolating Waters
Distinguished from subterranean streams or water courses;
movement of; do not supply the deep wells at Saratoga
100
:
Depletion of in gravel
Found
in Saratoga Plateau
slow
96
98
112
Plane of Saturation with Gas:
Depth of, due to given amount in solution
Water should be drawn from below
5
103
123
�Index
130
PoHLE Air Lift:
page
Operates on principle of natural gas
Precipitation
By waters
105
lift
:
of mineral content; interferes with bottling waters
120
Prevented, by storing water under pressure
121
Methods of preventing, previously employed
Propositions Established:
Double hydraulic system of groimd waters
Mineral water system lower and artesian in character
Mineral waters flow from Hathorn No. 2 northeasterly
124
115
115
115
Mineral waters in dolomite subject to progressive dilution and
115
diminishing chlorine content
Mineral waters in dolomite constantly increase their relative con115
tent of carbonates of calcium and magnesium
Source of sodium bicarbonate probably secondary chemical reactions
115
in dolomite strata
Saratoga fault not opening from which waters emerge from great
depths
115
Waters emerge from unknown depths and enter dolomite strata
point west of Saratoga fault
at a
116
Pumping from Artesian Wells:
Effect of,
and
82
cessation
its
In Coesa valley
84
Radium Emanation:
Lost in escape of gas from water
123
Red Spring:
High content
of bicarbonates
88
Situation relative to Saratoga plateau
91
Ruedemann, Rudolf:
Authorship in collaboration with Dr. Gushing of N. Y. State
Bulletin No. 169
Museum
91
Saratoga Mountain:
81-2
Situation relative to plateau
Saratoga Plateau:
81
Description and boundaries of
Depletion of mineral water head in
Saratoga Springs, Village of:
Its situation relative to plateau
and mountain
82
81
Shallow Wells:
Pumping of, stopped
Shonts Well (New)
Distant from main channels
Slade's Brook:
Boundary of Saratoga Plateau
Sodium Bicarbonate:
83
:
Probable origin of
Chart showing want of relation to other ingredients
Perhaps resulting from secondary reactions; large content in Geyser
and Hathorn No. 1; possible agency of HjSO, in producing
97
81
93
93
94
�Index
131
Specific Gravity:
Of mineral waters reduced by action of COo
Springs, Natural:
Efforts of citizens' committee to rescue
General location of
page
103
80
82
Storage of Mineral Waters:
How
effected under pressure
Capacity of receptacles
120
121
Strong Well:
Distant from main channel
97
Subterranean Streams:
Mineral waters flow in
Found in Howe's Cave, N. Y., and Mammoth Cave, Ky
Distinguished from percolating waters
Setting back from main channels
Adverse opinion of court in Strong case
Bedding planes of dolomite are natural channels for
Sulphates
95
96
96
97
98
99
:
Absence
of,
from Saratoga waters
95
Sulphuretted Hydrogen:
Appearance of, in Geyser and Hathorn No. 1
Gains entrance to mineral water channels, how; kept out by operation of gas lift
Supersaturation
94
118
:
103
Of mineral waters with CO2
To be allowed- for, in computing efRciency of gas lift
110
Importance from therapeutical standpoint; Haertl's device to deter-
mine degree
Ill
of
Surface Waters:
Contamination by, and protection of gas
Temperature
lift
against
118
:
Of mineral waters as indicating proximity to surface; desirability
of further observations
To be considered
Terrace
in storage of waters
100
under pressure
122
:
In town
Topography
of Milton described
91
:
Of mineral water basin
81
Valley of the Springs:
Location relative to plateau and mountain
82
Village Brook:
Boundary of Saratoga Plateau
WooDLAWN Park:
81
Situated on Saratoga mountain
81
Water Levels:
Observations begun at Natural property
Relative, of fresh and mineral waters; rise
82
of,
on cessation of pump-
ing
Fresh, not affected by pumping
Mineral water levels depleted by permitting wells to flow
83
84
84
�Index
132
Water Seal:
Operation
Well
page
of,
on wells flowing by gas
lift
106
Pits:
Description and manner of operation
116
Advantageous in supplying water for bathing
Disadvantageous in supplying water for drinking and bottling
117
Lose protection of gas
lift
against pollution
117
118
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Title
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Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Text
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Report
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
Sixth in a series of reports by the Commissioners of the State Reservation at Saratoga Springs, now the state park. Reports included images (engravings, photographs), maps of the proposed land to be used in the reservation, including plots in downtown Saratoga Springs, and reports on aspects of creating the park. Multiple maps appear at the back of each report, usually showing the area of Saratoga Springs to be used in the park, a detail of downtown, and Geyser Park.
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Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library
Library of Congress
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Environment and Conservation
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This is one of a series of annual reports produced by the commissioners from 1910-192?. (VERIFY)
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Sixth Annual Report of the Commissioners of the State Reservation of Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1915
20th century
maps
mineral springs
report
Saratoga Spa State Park
Spa State Park
springs
state government
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Text
694
•• elreet
t:a.
J.
LAWS OF
N F.W
yORK,
(CHAP.
1915.
tion and judgment, may be needed to earry out the provisions of
this article, including expenses for administration and relief;
it is further provided that no board of <'hild welfare shall expend
or contraet to expend under the provisions of this aet or otherwise, any public moneys not speeifi('ally appropriated as herein
provided; the board of supervisors of any county may determine,
as provided in section one hundrf'd and thirty-eight of the state
poor law, the same being chapter fort.v-two of the consolidated
laws, whether or not the M!tual expense for the relief of widowed
mothers and their children under this article shaH be a charge
upon the county or upon the respective towns thereof.
§ 155. Penaltiea. 1. A person who shaH procure or attempt
to procure, directly or indirectly, any allowance for relief under
this article, for or on acC'ount of a pn::on not entitled thereto, or
shall knowingly or wilfully pay or permit to be paid any allowance to a person not entitled thereto, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
2. The members of a board of child welfare, established by
this act, sha11 be appointed within sixty days after this act takes
effect.
§ 2. This act shall take effect July first, nineteen hundred and
fifteen.
Chap. 22.9.
AN ACT to incorporate the city of Saratoga Springa.
Became a law April 7, 11H5, with the approval of the Governor.
threc·flfths being present.
Passed,
The People of the Slate of New York, represented in Senate
and Assembly, do enact as follows:
TiLle
I. Short title; boundaries; civil divisions; incorporation. (§§ 1-9.)
II. City officers; powers and duties gcneral1y. (§§ 10-27.)
III. Finances; taxation; local assessments and improvements. (§§ 28-64*.)
IV. Elections. (§§ 65*-76.)
V. City council; commissioners. (~~ 77-116.)
VI. City court and schools. (§§ 117-120.)
VII. Miscellaneous provisions. (§§ 121-135.)
• So in original.
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NEw
YoRK,
1915.
695
TITLE I.
SuonT TITLE; BouNDARIES; CiviL DIVISIONs; INcoRPORATION,
Section 1. Short title. This act is. a public act and shall be
known and may be cited by the short title of " charter of the city
of Saratoga Springs."
§ 2. The name, boundaries, powers, rights and liabilities. The
city of Saratoga Springs shall consist of the present village of
Saratoga Springs and so much of the school districts as are
within the corporate limits of the town of Saratoga Springs and
such additional land as is embraced within the boundaries of the
town of Saratoga Springs, and the boundaries of the city of Saratoga Springs shall be the present boundaries of the town of Saratoga Springs, and the said city of Saratcga Springs for all purposes of local administration and government is herc.!:>y declared to
be coextensive with the territory above described; and the said
city of Saratoga Springs is hereby declared to be the successor
corporation of such municipalities united and consolidated as
aforesaid, with all their lawful rights and powers and subject to
all their lawful obligations and diminutions or enlargements except
as herein otherwise provided; and all the duties and affairs of the
several municipal and public corporations united and consolidated
as aforesaid into the city of Saratoga Springs are hereby devolved
upon the municipal council of the said city cf Saratoga Springs,
so far as the same are applicable to said city and not herein otherwise specifically provided, to be exercised in accordance with the
provisions of this act.
§ 3. The city of Saratoga Springs, and the citizens who may c•~ 0011·
from time to time reside therein, shall continue to be a municipal~=~~•.,:
corporation in perpetuity under the name of the city of Saratoga corporaUOII,
Springs.
§ 4. The corporation may take, purchase, hold and convey real ::,0~~~7•
and personal property; it may take by gift, grant, bequest and
devise, and hold real and personal estate in trust for any purposes
of education, art, health, charity or amusement, for parks, gardens
and grounds for the burial of the dead, or other public use, and
for the erection of statues, monuments and public buildings, upon
such tenns as may be prescribed by the grantor or donor and accepted by the corporation; and it may provide for the proper
execution of such trusts; it may do everything necessary to carry
into effect the powers granted to it.
Digitized by
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EleeU""
tlmleta.
LAws
Ol'
NEw You, 1915.
(CHAP.
§ 5. The city shall be divided into thirteen election districts,
bounded, respectively, as follows:
First district-All that part of the town lying west of Broadway, east of State street to Van Dam street, south of Van Dam
street, east of Clinton street and north of Church street.
Second district.- West of State street to Van Dam street, north
of Van Dam street to Clinton street, west of Clinton stree* and
north of Church street and Waring avenue.
Third district.- East of Broadway, north of Lake avenue and
west of Maple avenue.
Fourth district.- East of Maple avenue, north of Lake avenue,
west of Nelson avenue and south of North Circular street to llaple
avenue.
Fifth district.- East of Nelson avenue, north of Circular street
to Maple avenue, east of Maple avenue and north of Lake avenue.
Sixth district.- West of Broadway, north of West Congress
st1·eet, south of Church street and east of Adirondack railroad.
Seventh district.- West of Adirondack railroad, north of
Grand avenue, and south of Church street.
Eighth district.- East of Broadway, south of Lake aveuue,
north of Phila street and west of Regent street.
Ninth distriet.- East of Regent street, south of Lab avenue,
north of Phila street to Nelson avenue and north of Union avenue
from Nelson avenue to the lake.
Tenth di!trict.- West of Broadway, south of West CongreBf'
street and Grand avenue, east of Elm street and the Delaware and
.Hudson· railroad.
Eleventh district.- West of Elm street and Delaware and Hudson railroad, south of Grand avenue.
Twelfth district.- East of Broadway, north of Circular street
to Park place, north of Park place to Lincoln avenue, north of
lincoln avenue to Nelson avenue, west of Nelson avenue and south
of Phila street.
Thirteenth district.- East of Broadway, south of Circular
street to Park place, south of Park place to Linooln avenue, to
Nelson avenue and eouth of Union avenue from Nelson avenue.
§ 6. Debts. All laws or parts of laws, resolutions or ordinances,
heretofore passed r.reating any debt or debts of the municipal and
public corporations united and consolidated as aforesaid, or for
the payment of such debts or reB.(JCCting the same, shall remain in
full force and effect, except that the same shall be <'arried out by
Digitized by
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LAws
OF
NEw YoRK, 1915.
697
the oorporation hereby constituted, to wit, the city of Saratoga
Springs, and under such name and under such form and manner
as may be suitable to the administration of said corporation; and
all the pledges, taxes, assessments and other revenues and securities provided by law for the payment of the debts of the municipal and public corporations aforesaid shall be in good faith and
force maintained and carried out by the corporation of the city of
Saratoga Springs.
§ 7. The " inside tax district" of the city of Saratoga Springs ~!11 t:!
shall succeed to and be liable for all the debts and liabili- :.~~·
ties of the village of Saratoga Springs and the city of Saratoga ~or ~~ta.:!
Springs shall succeed to and be liable for all the debts and liabili~Â
ties of the town of Saratoga Springs. All that portion of said city ~t;~D
comprised within the following limits shall be known and desig- :,. =~ct.
nated as the inside tax district: All that trae.t or territory of
land in the former town of Saratoga Springs, lying and included
within two parallel lines, one commencing at a point in the north
line of said oown, three-quarters of a mile east of the center of
Broadway, at its intersection with the south line of the town of
Greenfield, and running from such point, on a direct line, to a
point as far south as the south line of lands belon~ng to the
heirs of Augustus :McKinney, and three-fourths of a milt> east of
the centre of the highway at said :McKinney's lands; and the other
of such parallel lines commencing at a point in the north line of
the former town of Saratoga Springs, three-quarters of a mile west
of the centre of Broadway aforesaid, and running from tht-nce on
a direct line to a point as far south as the south line of lands
belonging to the heirs of Augustus :McKinney, and to a point
three-fourths of a mile west from the center of the highway at
said :McKinney's Ianda.
All taxes necessary to meet and ·pay the present valid debts, Tu• to
obligations and liabilities of the village of Saratoga Springs, and ~..:::!~~
all taxes directed by this act to . be raised within said inside
tax limits, shall be assessed and levied by the common council
upon all real and personal property in that portion of the city
comprised within the said limits according to the valuation of the
last assessment-rolls prior to the levying of such tax after the
same shall have been corrected as hereinafter provided, and the
assessor shall make such assessment-rolls so as to show a separllte
assessment and valuation of said property within said limits.
§ 8. Transfer of. property. In consideration of the foregoing
=
...
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OF
[CHAP.
NEw YoaK, 1915.
provision whereby the city of Saratoga ~prings, as hereby con·
stituted, assumes as aforesaid the valid clebts, obligation:; and
liabilities of the municipal and public corpo:·ations, including the
present village of Saratoga Springs and town of Saratoga Springs
and so much of the school districts as are within the corporate limite
of the present village of Saratoga Spring~ and town of Saratoga
Springs and to carry out the scheme and purpose of this act, all of
the public buildings, institutions, parks, water works and property of every character and description, whether of a public or
private nature, heretofore owned and contrulltd by any of the said
municipal and public corporations or pub! thereof hereby consolidated into the city of Saratoga Spring.; wherever situated, and
all the right, title and interest of the said municipal and public
corporations as aforesaid, or any of them, in and to such property
are hereby vested in the city of Saratoga Springs and divested out
of the said corporations, and the power of said municipal and
public corporations to become indebted shall cease upon the ccnsummation and taking effect of the consolidation herein provided for.
l"uD4a or
§ 9. All funds and moneys which shall be held by or be payable
public cor·
••
•
poratloD•
to t ] 10 treasurer of t he mumctpa1 an d publ'tc corporatiOns, or part
•onooll~atoo thereof , hereby conso I'd ated Wl
'th th e cttv of S aratoga t::Sprmgs
·
' •
wtth ctt1
1
deemed
•
•
property or shall be deemed to be held by and be payable to the cttv of Sara~:!~ 4~~ toga Springs constituted by this act, ~olely as the funds anJ
~~,::::.•·~~ moneys of the said city, and when the first commissioner c.f
nnance.
finance has been elected and has qualified, shall be delivered to
Tuee.
him, to hold and control the same; all taxes levied or to be levied
shall be collected and payable according to the provisions of the
existing laws.
TITLE II.
CITY OFFICERS; PowERS AND DuTIES GExERAT.LY.
Clt7
otncera:
electl<"n,
terma.
§ 10. The officers of said city shall be as follows: The mayor,
elected by the people at large,· for a term of two years; the commissioner of accounts, elected by the people at large, for a tenn
of two years; the commissioner of finance, elected by the people
at large, for a term of two years; the commissioner of public works.
elected by the people at large, for a term of two years; the commissioner of public safety, elected by the people at large, for n
term of two years. The terms of office prescribed by this section
are subject to the special provision~ of this charter relating to the>
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LA.we o. NEW You, 1916.
699
tenns of the of&oers first chosen. Said mayor and commissioners eouDoU.
shall constitute the council of eaid city.
§ 11. All of the above officers shall be chosen as provided in onerat
' '
• IDUDlclpal
•
th 18 ch ar ter at general mumctpa1 e1 •
ect1ons, except as oth erWI.Se etecttou.
provided. The general municipal election shall be held biennially,
in each odd-numbered year, on the first Tuesday after the first
Monday of November, except that the first election, in the year
nineteen hundred and fifteen, shall be held at the time hereinafter
prescribed.
§ 12. Said city shall be governed by the commissione~ 10 ;::,'::;:,~·
elected, each of whom shall have a right to vote on all questions rtcht ot
,
,
YOtiDS,
commg before the council; three members shall const1tute a quorum.
quorum, and the affirmative vote of a majority shall be necessary PaMap ot
.
.
onllnanrea.
to adopt any mot10n, reso}ut10n or ord'
mance or pass any measure, mottoDa.
unless a greater number is provided for under this act. Every etc.
motion, resolution, or ordinance shall be reduced to writing and
read before the vote is taken thereon.
§ 13. The mayor. He shaU be ex-officio commissioner of public
affairs and shall be responsible for the enforcement of the laws of
the state applicable to the city, the provisions of this charter and
the ordinances of the city. He shall preside at the meetings of
the council. He shall execute in the name of the city all contract~.
bonds or other instruments requiring the assent of the city. All
legal processes against the city shall be served upon him, or, in
his absence, upon the commissioner of accounts. He shall ho
charged with the general oversight of all departments, boards allfl
commissions of the city. He shall be ex-officio member of earh
board or body created or authorized by this charter or by the ordi·
nances of the city except the board of education. He shall haYo
the right to vote on all questions coming before the council. He
shall have such other rights and powers as may be provided by
ordinances not in conflict with this charter. He shall supervise
aU public utilities not owned and managed directly by the cit;v,
,vnd shall have general supervision of all public affairs not oth.-,rwise herein provided for. He shall have the right to administer
onths. He Rhall receive a salary of five hundred dollars a year,
. ,Payable monthly.
§ 14. The commiaioner of accounts. He shall be ex-officio city
('lerk. He shall be the clerk of the council at all its meetingR and
shall make a careful and accurate record of all the proceeclin.ll'R
tl·ansaded at each council meeting, transcribing the same in a suit-
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LAws w NEW Yoax, 1!116.
able record book and properly certified by him at die foot of eacll
entry to be a true and accurate reoord of all the proeeedings tranaacted at such meeting. His office ahall be the plaee for filing all
city dooumenta and recorda, chattel mortgagee and eaoh other legal
papers and inatrumenta required by law to be filed in the city, and
he shall be the legal custodian of all such documents, reeorda,
papers and instruments, and he shall provide proper boob, indices
and fixtures ud furniture for the suitable uae of the same by the
public. He shall perform all the other duties which may or shall
be required of · a city clerk. He shall be the purebaaing
, agent for all the departmenta of the city. He ehall be
the city collector and shall be responsible for the proper
and prompt collection of all taxes, as provided by the laws of the
state relating to town collections, Ule88Dlenta, water and other
rents, licenaea, fees and all money due to the city from any aource
whatsoever. He ahall be the city U86880r. He may employ such
uaiatanta as the council may direct. He shall have a vote in the
council on all matters which may come before it. He shall gi..e a
satisfactory corporate bond to the city, conditioned upon the faithful and honest performance of all his duties. Hie office, provided
by the city shall be open at leut from nine o'clock in the forenoon
to five o'clock in the afternoon each week day, except Satul'daya,
when hie office hours shall be from nine o'clock in the forenoon
to twelve o'clock noon. He ahall receive a salary of five hundred
dollars a year, payable monthly.
§ 15. The ooDUilillioaer of b.alloe. He shall be ex-officio city
treasurer, and shall have the custody of all moneys coming into the
poeeession of or belonging to the city. He shall depoeit all the
moneys of the city in such banking institutions, and in 111ch proportions, if in more than one, as may be directed by the council.
He shall keep proper books of account eo that the council may at
any time inform itself or ita members as to the financial status of
the city or of any department thereof. He shall make written
reports at regular meetings of the council, and special detailed
reports upon request from any member of the council. He shall
disburse the city funds only upon the order of the council by certificate of the commissioner of accounts and he ahall take and file
proper vouchers for the city for all paymenta made. All cheeks or
drafts shall be countersigned by the commissioner of public affairs,
or in hie absence by another commissioner designated by the ooun·
cil. All officers and employees of the city shall pay over forth·
with to him all moneys belonging to the city coming into thei'r
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701
1915.
bands, taking receipts therefor. He shall be ex-officio city auditor
and shall promptly examine and audit all bills payable by the city
before they are allowed by the council. He shall prepare a p~
posed budget for the ensuing year and present the same to the
council. He shall give a satisfactory corporate bond to the city,
conditioned upon the faithful and honest performance of all hia
duties. He shall receive a salary of five hundred dollars a year,
payable monthly.
§ 16. The oommiuioner of public worlu. He shall have charge
and supervision of all roads, streets, alleys, avenues, sidewalks,
ditches, and water fiowing therethrough, public improvements,
street paving, sidewalk construction, gutters, curbing, public buildings, real and personal property owned, leased or controlled by the
city, and not in charge of any other department. He shall have
general supervision of all parks, cemeteries, parking and shade
trees of the city, and shall have full power to manage, improve,
maintain and beautify the same. He shall make recommendations
to the council as to paving, sidewalks and other improvements as
to him may seem advisable for the purpose of improving the appearance, comfort and safety of the city. He shall take charge of
all construction work, have charge of and shall be inspector of all
sewer, gu and water pipes, the water supply system, sewage disposal plant, conduits, poles and wires, fixtures, fountains and fire
plugs. He shall have power to make arrests for offenses against
the law and against the city ordinances. He shall receive a salary
of five hundred dollars a year, payable monthly.
§ 17. fte oow•iuiener of public a.fety. He shall have charge
and aupervisioD of the fire, sanitary, health, charity, police and
correction deparbnents, and shall make all rules and regulations
for the conduct thereof, not in confiict with the laws of the state
or ordinances of the city. He shall provide in all ways possible
for the peace, safety, health, care, comfort and protection of the
inhabitants of the city, and of their property, and shall recommend
ordinances when advisable or necessary, to the council for such
purposes. The health officer of the city shall be under his authority. He shall be the inspector of all plumbing, weights and
measures and shall impartially enforce all laws and ordinancee
appertaining to his deparbnent. He shall receive a salary of five
hWldred dollars a year, payable monthly.
118. Other powen ud dutiet. The council shall appoint three
persons t i civil service commissioners to serve one for two years,
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<111 ftete4
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(CHAP.
LAws OF NEw YoRK, 1916.
one for four years and one for six years without Compensation.
Each alternate year thereafter, the council shall appoint one person
as the successor of the member whose term shaH expire, to serve
for six years. Any vacancy shall be filled by the council for the
unexpired term. Not more than two of the members shall be
adherents of the same political party and no member shall hold
any other salaried local public office. The civil service commission &ball, in the manner defined by chapter three of the general
laws, commonly known as the civil service law, and subject to and
in pursuance of the provisions of that law and of such amendment.q
as may from time to time be made to it, prescribe, amend and enforce rules for the classification of the offices, places and employments in the public service of the city, and for the appointments
and promotions therein, and examinations therefor, and for the
registration and selection of laborers for employment therein.
The council may remove a commissioner during his term
of office only upon stating in writing the reasons for removal
and allowing him an opportunity to be heard in his own
defense. ·The civil service commissioners shall appoint a chief
examiner at a compensation to be fixed by the common council.
It shall be the duty of each commissioner of the common council
to maintain regular office hours sufficient for the proper transaction of the city business at such place or places as shaH be
designated by the council, and each said commissioner shall be
responsible for the performance of all contract work undertaken
by his department.
§ 19. All legislative, executive and J·udicial powers .of the cih
;
shall extend to all matters of local and municipal government, ll
being the intent hereof that the specifications of particular powers
by any other provision of this charter shall never be construed Ill>
impairing the effect of the general grant of powers of local government. All powers of the city shall, except as otherwise provided
in this charter, be vested in its council, subject to distribution
and delegation of such powers as provided in this charter, or by
ordinance.
§ 20. Department employe-. Each department shall be entitled to such salaried employees a3 may be authorized by ordinance. The head of each department shall appoint all such employees therein, subject to the civil service law and rules adopted
bv the citv civil service commission. Each commissioner mall ha,·e
the power¥ of selection and emplo~·ing the day laborers necessary for
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OP
NEw
YoRK,
703
1915.
his department. Any and all employees in any department shall be
subject to discbnrge by the commissioner as the h<'ad of the department at any time, except as otherwise provided in this charter.
The city council shall determine the number of such employees in
any department, or may require an employee in any department
to perform duties in two or more departments, or may make such
rules and regulations as they shaH deem necessary or proper for the
efficient and economical conduct of the business of the city. The
3alary or wages of any employee of the city shaH cease immediately upon his discharge from such employment.
§ 21. Publicity recorda and reports. Each of said commi~
sioners shall keep a record book in which shaH be recorded a brief
but comprehensive record of aU department affairs under hi3
charge as soon as performed and shaH quarterly render to the
city council a full report of all operations of such department,
and shall annuaily, and oftener if required by the city council,
make a synopsis thereof for publication. AU such recorw shaH
be kept open for public inspection. The council shaH provide
for the publication of such annual or other reports, and of such
portion of the quarterly reports as it may deem advisable. Each
commis3ioner shaH also make and keep a complete inventory and
permanent record of aU the personal property of his department
and what disposition, if an,v. ha3 been made of the same.
§ 22. llewspaper and publication feet. All election notices
or lists of candidates for of&e, department report3, ordinances,
charters or charter amendments, advertising, publicity affair3 or
other publications required or authorized by this charter, by gen•
era] law or by ordinance of the city of Saratoga Springs shall be
paid for by the city at such rates 83 shall not in any event exceed
the ordinary and regular advertising rates charged other advertisers; and an printing of books, pamphlets, bills, letter-beads or
other documents or printed matter required by the city shall be
J>aid for at a price not exceeding tho usual business rates therefor.
No bill shall he rendered to or paid h,v the city for such advertising or printing in excess of the said mmal rntes, even though
higher rates may be fixed by general Jaw for other cities of the
state.
§ 23. Rep:ular meetings of com;tcil shall be held at such times ::::",'.,
as the council shall prescribe by ordinance. The council shnll or co=u.
ndopt ordinancca rep:ulating the method of conducting the dif- Ordt....._.
ferent cit.v dcpnrtm«"!nt.<~. ThP council shall from time to time
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OF
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[CIIA..P.
enact ordinances not inconsistent with or forbidden by the general laws of the state, regulating the highways and all other pu~
lie places, the uae to be made of the same and all privileges to be
granted therein, and is hereby authorized to change the method of
such use from time to time aa the public convenience demands;
also ordinances to promote and preserve the public peace, health,
safety and morals of the said city and the benefit of trade and
commerce; ordinances regulating the exercise of its corporate
powers and the performance of its duties and for licensing and
""•'*-t wegulating such buainess as it may deem expedient. AD.y ordi~!u!!:
nance may provide that any person, upon conviction of violation
thereof, shall be a disorderly person and that such a violation
shall constitute disorderly conduct, and that he shall be fined u
such disorderly peraon and for such violation not exceeding the
mm of one hundred dollars for each offense. In case the person •
convicted of such violation does not immediately pay such fine,
he may be committed to the Saratoga county jail for the term of
..._... one day for each and every dollar of said fine not paid. The city
~::::.::... court of the city of Saratoga Springs shall have jurisdiction of
all cases of violation of city ordinancea, and the city may prosecute any person or corporations for said violations, either by civil
action, or where the offense is committed in the presence of a
police officer, by summary arrest. The summons in such civil
action may be returnable in not lesa than one nor more than six
day'3, and shall be served at least one day before the time set for
the hearing. An ordinance imposing a penalty shall not take
effect until ten days after its first publication in the official
papers.
Pallllc
§ 24. Except as otherwise provided for by law the city &hall
~=etc. have full and complete control over its streets and highways,
parks, public waters and other public places. It shall have power
to lay out, enlarge and alter parks, markets, public grounda, public waters, streets and alleys, and may cause them to be repaired,
cleaned, watered or treated with a duet laying substance. It may
construct pavements, sidewalks, culverts, drains, sewers, receivers,
aqueducts, wharves, piers, canals, slips, basins, water mains and gaa
maius. It may construct and operate a system of water works and
a lighting plant for the city and its inhabitants. It may light the
streets and public places and public buildings or contract for the
lighting of them. It may acquire land by purchase, gift or eminent
domain for any municipal purpose and erect buildings and other
strnctures and do anything necessary to beautify the city or pre-
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OJ'
705
NEw You, 1915.
serve or add to the safety, intelligence, comfort and well-being of
the city and its inhabitants. It shall maintain :fire, police, school
and poor departments.
§ 25. The council shall designate two papers having the larg- ometat
est daily circulation printed in the English language in the city papen.
of Saratoga Springs to be the official papers and all proceedinga
of said council shall be printed therein and in such other newspapers as the council shall direct.
§ 26. No contract exceeding or . involving the sum of five hun- adYertloe·
eootraeta:
dred dollars shall be made by the city, the council or any of the ment,
city departments, unless it shall have caused to be published a award.
notice in the official papers once a week for two weeks, inviting
proposals for the same according to plans and specifications to
be filed in the office of the department having charge of the work,
and the contract shall be let to the lowest responsible bidder, who
shall furnish security for its performance satisfactory to the
council.
§ 27. Every ordinance or resolution appropriating money~;:::;~,':.
(except for the regular pay-rolls), or ordering any improvement ~~~h'!:S~:i
or making or authorizing any franchise or right to occupy or use !:.~·~~~
the streets, highways, bridges or public places in the city for any uctt7.
purpose shall be complete in the form in which it is finally passed
and remain on file with the city clerk for public inspection at
leaat one week before the final passage or adoption thereof. No :.,er:::~um
franchise or renewal thereof or right to occupy or use the streets, ...,,_
highways, bridges or public places of said city by any public
utility where a franchise is now required by law to be obtained
for such use, shall be valid until it is authorized or approved by
a majority of the electors voting thereon at a general or apecial
election.
TITLE III.
Fnu.NcEs, TAXATION, LocAL AssEssMENTs AND IMPROVEMENTS.
§ 28. The city shall have the power to raise money to defray ::_oz';~;-:oot
the cost of the carrying on of the municipal government and for :.:!.~ond
doing any of the things authorized by law, by general taxation,
by local assessment where authorized, and by the issue of bonds
in such amounts and at such timea as the council may determine,
Method or
not to exceed the amounts otl•)rwise provided by law. The bond taauo.
method of issuing stlC'h bonds, where not provided by the general
laws, shall be prescribed by ordinance.
23
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OJ'
NEw You, 1916.
[CRAP.
The city shall be taxed for the expense of charity, health (ineluding the sum of thirty-five hundred dolla.ra per year for the
Saratoga hospital for the care of the city's invalid poor and including one dollar per day per patient for all hospitals under the
state board of charities, and upon the order of the commissioner of
public safety, for the care of the city's invalid poor, except that the
Saratoga hospital shall be allowed said one dollar per day per
patient in addition to said thirty-five hundred dollars only after
the full cost of caring for the city's invalid poor by the Saratoga
hospital for each year has amounted to thirty-five hundred dollars),
bridge building, or maintenance, removing of snow from streets or
highways, good roads maintenance, and general administrative ex;';!~:: ~ pense. The inside tax district shall pay all taxes for street main4tatrtct.
tenance, including the application oi oil or other dust-laying
substance, lighting, parks (including provision for the healthful
rest, recreation and entertainment of the people), playgrounds,
water and sewer, fire and police, paving and education therein,
by or without contracting therefor.
~~ ••o~m§ 29. The expense of construction, enlargement and exten:~~.n:;:,~ota. sion of sewers, lateral sewers, drains, receivers, sidewalks, curbs
traJ..s.
and gutters, repairing sidewalks, curbs and gutters, grading, regrading, opening, widening and paving streets and laying of water
maint1 shall be ~efrayed by general tax or by assessment to the
adjoining property. Should the council determine that the city
shall bear a part of the expense, it shall determine what part
should be borne by the city and what part should be borne by the
Remon! ot property benefited. The city may remove all encroachments upon
:':!~:,•b- and projections over the public grounds, streets, alleys and wharves
abatement
•
or nutand abate all nutsances and cause the expense thereof to be assessed
oanc•. etc. upon the lands upon or in front of which such encroachments, projections or nuisances were, or upon the parcels of land benefited by
Public
such removals. The city may maintain and lease all public buildbundtnp,
•
d
market.,
mgs an markets, and may construct, lease and maintain other
!llrka, etc.
l
pubic buildings, a public library, bridges and reservoirs, wells and
fountains and places for supplying the public with water, and
docks; maintain, improve and embellish parks, squares, open
spaces and other public grounds, and defray the expenae or any
srtda...
part thereof out of the general fund or by local asses3JDent; but
all bridges shall be constructed, maintained and repaired out of
!:;:~nc
the general fund. The city may order any street cleaned.
:;;tlnklluc. sprinkled or watered in addition to the work already contracted
Pu,_
or clt7
wauo...
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�229.]
707
L.A.ws oP N:zw YoRK, 1915.
for by the city, and may enter into a contract therefor upon a
petition of a majority of the resident owners upon aaid street,
without publishing notice and without adopting or publishing a
resolution to order such work or improvement, and before the ·
assessment therefor has been confirmed, and shall cause the expense thereof, to be defrayed by local aasessment.
§ 30. It shall be the duty of the owner or the occupant of any Ptpe
premises in the city, whenever such work shall be ordered by a eonnectlo: ...
resolution of the council, to lay water, sewer and gas service pipes
from the main pipes in the street in front of such premises to such
point beyond the curb line as the head of the department of streets
and public improvements may determine. It shall be the duty st4ewall<a.
of such owner or occupant to lay and relay sidewalks in front of
such premises whenever the same shall be so, as aforesaid, ordered,
and at all times to keep and maintain the sidewalk in front of
such premises in good order and repair. The department of !rtreets ~ment
and public improvements shall notify the owner or occupant of or upenoe.
any premises in front of which any such work shall be required to
be done, that if the same is not done by the owner or occupant
within ten days the same shall be done by the city, and the expense thereof shall be assessed upon such premises. Such notice
may be served personally or by mailing the same in the manner
prescribed in section forty-eight of this act for the mailing of
notices by the assessor. In case any such work shall not be done
within the time specified in such notice, and in case any such
owner or occupant shall fail or neglect to keep the sidewalk in
front of any premises owned or occupied by him in good order and
repair, the department of streets and public improvements may
cause such work to be done and the expense thereof shall be a
charge and lien upon, and shall be assessed against said premises.
The department of streets and public improvement* shall report
all such work so far as possible to the council each month, and the
council shall order the aSBessor to assess the same upon said
premises and the assessor shall include the same in a monthly
aBBeSBment-roll entitled " assessment-roll for water, sewer and gas
connections, constructing and repairing sidewalks and removing
street obstructions," specifying the month and year, and shall be
arranged by streets alphabetically. Any such work omitted from
one monthly assessment-roll shall be included in the next.
• So in original
Digitized by
Goog le
�[Olu.P.
708
§ 31. The expense of construction of sewers, receivers,• sidewalks, repairing of sidewalks, grading, regrading and pavmg of
ra~ streets, the laying of water mains, may be raised in an entire
amount or in smaller amounts from time to time as the council
Bo..S
may determine. H any portion of such expense is to be borne by
the city, bonds or certificates of indebtedness may be issued
:;--:.-:..:,therefor. If such expense or any part thereof is to be assessed
.....a~e~~.
upon the property benefited the council may assess the same or the
instalment to be raised in accordance with the apportionment and
the ratio established by the council. Notice of such assessment
shall be given to the owners who may pay the amounts assessed,
within ten days after service of such notice. At the expiration of
such time bonds or certificates of indebtedness may be issued for
the correct amount of such assessment then remaining unpaid.
§ 32. Tax for unpaid aueaamenta. The council shall include
in the annual tax levy the principal or interest accruing during
the same fiscal year upon bonds or certificates of indebtedness
issued on account of default in the payment of local assessments
under this article, and shaH levy the same upon the lots or parcels
in default. Such principal shall be apportioned among the lots or
parcels in default so that the tax thereon will be the same as if an
equal portion of the assessment were then to be paid. Interest on
an unpaid assessment shall be added to such tax at the rate payable by the bond or certificate of indebtedness, which must be
computed to the time when the principal or an instalment will
become due; or if no principal will become due during the fiscal
year, then the interest accruing during that year upon the assesement must be levied upon such lot or parcel.
Plano for
§ 33. The council shall make the necessary surveys and ex- ·
sewer 1178•
tem tor
aminations and prepare a plan of ·a system of sewers for that porportion or
eltJ not
tion of the city not already sewered. Such plan shall consist of
•1-dJ
a map or maps with such specifications as shall be required to
describe and locate such additional system, and may be prepared
as a whole or in sections from time to time as the board may determine. When said plan, or any section thereof, shall have been
completed and adopted by the board, the mayor shall so certify
in writing thereon, affix the corporate seal of the city thereto, and
the same shall then be filed in the office of the commissioner of
accounts. Said plan or any section thereof and any part of the
existing plan or system of said sewers in said city or any section
thereof may be altered by making, adopting, approving, certifying
mspe.,..
or certaiD
P~!~:"-
:o..
........
........
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�229.]
70!:1
LAws o1r NEw YoBK, 1915.
and filing a map, and, if necessary, a specification showing such
alteration, in the manner above provided. All.sewers hereafter
constructed must conform as near as may be to such plan or system
heretofore adopted and existing or hereafter adopted or altered as
aforesaid, except as in this act otherwise provided.
§ 34. The improvement, grading, regrading, paving, repaving,:;:::!~•.
macadamizing and graveling of streets and highways, or any part:,~~.:;!
thereof; the construction, extension, enlargement and repair of ror.
sewers, drains, wells, fire cisterns, culverts and bridges; the p~
curing of pumps and hydrants for fire purposes; erecting pumps
and hydrants and laying such water pipes, and any other public
improvements in said city, may be contracted for by the council
as authorized herein.
§ 35. The commissioner of public works, under the direction !'~~ca~nd
of the council, shall cause to be prepared plans and specification£~~·::~/~';,.
for any public improvement authorized or projected by the council, pro'femeata.
and such plans and specifications shall be approved by the council,
and placed in the office of the commissioner of public works, who
shall thereupon under the direction of the council cause notice to rece ..,Dl
Nou,• or
be published that on a day therein named, not lees than two weeks pro.,_,•.
from the first publication thereof, the council will receive sealed
proposals for said improvement, which notice shall describe the
said improvement and shall refer to said plans and specifications.
On such day, or upon such subsequent day as the council may adjourn to for the purpose, the mayor or presiding officer shall, in
the presence of the council, open such proposals, and the council ~s!:. •.
shall determine which proposal is the most favorable. No pro- ;::'e~:Ota ,~r
posals shall be considered unless accompanied by the written con· ::::.~ 1
sent of two sureties, conditioned that if the proposals be accepted,
they will execute and deliver a bond with the bidder in a penalty
to be fixed by the council, conditioned for the construction of the
work at the price and upon the terms propose~, according to the
plans and specifications therefor, within such reasonable time as
the council may limit, and subject to the supervision and approval
of the commissioner of public works, as the specifications shall
provide. The council may accept the most favorable proposal, !CC::,':e~..
or reject all of said proposals.
~~.:!1 •.
§ 36. No special assessment shall be made unless prior to the ape<: 1a1 or
Nottce
•
aa·
adoption of the ordinance for the improvement the council shall -meaL
cause to btl published notice of the intention to adopt such ordinance and of a public hearing thereon, which said notice shall stat;(>
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�LAws
710
OF
NEW you, 1915.
[CHAP.
the estimated C<l8t of such improvement and may include the esti·
mated amount of damages to be paid therefor, if any, and the
s..noc. proposed proportion, method and area of such a88e88Jilent. Such
public hearing shall be held at the time and place specified in said
notice not less than one week, nor more than three weeks after the
publication thereof, but may be adjoumed from time to time by
Actio• w said council, and thereafter the council may reject or adopt such
ooUDCu. ·
ordinance and may change the proportion, method or area of such
assessment as published, and such ordinance when adopted shall be
Rllbt or
published as required in section eighty-five of this act. The owner
owoer lo
f
... b....a. o any property affected by such proposed improvement, or included within the area of assesament therefor fixed by said ordinance, may be heard upon said public hearing, or if his property
shall be then or thereafter so affected or included only by a change
in the ordinance as adopted from the notice published, or by a
Actloo 111 subsequent amendment, demand a hearing before the council, and
counetl.
the council shall grant such hearing within ten days thereafter
and shall have power to amood or repeal such ordinance, which,
if amended, shall be again published as required by section eightyfive.
Apportion§ 37. Upon the completion of any work for which an assesa=~•0:t ment has been authorized, the council shall ascertain and determine the cost of any such work and the amount thereof to be assessed, adding thereto the amount of any damages which have been
awarded, if any, and shall cause the commissioner of accounts to
apportion such assessment in accordance with such ordinance.
Report or
The commissioner of account& shall make a report in writing of
a81e81meDt.
the assessment so made and deposit the same in his office, and
cause to be published in the newspapers in which ordinances are
directed to be published, once in each week for two consecutive
weeks, a notice that the report has been COIJ:lpleted and so deposited
and that he will, at a time and place therein to be specified, not
less than ten days from the first publication of such notice, review
the report, and that at such time and place the parties interested
Hearl••
can be heard ; and the commissioner of accounts shull at such time
aod review. and place hear the parties interested, and thereafter review thereport, correct the same where proper, sign and file the same in his
office, with all the objections in writing which have been left with
cooarma- him by the parties interested. The council shall thereupon eon·
tiOD .
R•-- firm said assessment as provided in section fifty. Any orror,
.......
omission or insufficiency in any assessment, or in the amount
....
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�229.]
LAws
OF
NEw YoRK, 1915.
711
thereof, may be corrected and any further expense properly chargeable thereto may be assessed by a rcnssessment, or supplemental
assessment, in manner and form as aforesaid. In the event that
any assessment or any part thereof shall be set aside by the court
or be found or deemed to be illegal or incorrect the council may
proceed in the manner provided in section thirty-seven to adopt
an ordinance for a reassessment of the amount deemed necessary
to be reassessed upon the property equitably chargeable therefor,
11nd they may by said ordinance ascertain and determine the
amount so to be assessed and the commisRioner of accounts shall
proceed thereunder to make such reassessment, and the same shall
thereafter be confirmed by the council in the manner above provided in this section.
§ 38. The council shall have power, on the written petition of !:1
";:!:o or
any party interested, to alter the grade of any street or highway, •bttreebt .,.
or
or any part thereof. Before determining to make such altf'!ration, Proate.
it shall cause to be made and deposited in the office of the commissioner of accounts a profile showing the intended alteration, and Not'cause to be published in the newspapers in which ordinances are
directed to be published, once in each week, for two successive
weeks, a notice that such petition has been received and such profile so deposited, setting forth their intention to make such alte'l'ation and requiring all persons interested to present their obje~
tions in writing to the council, at a time and place to be mentioned
therein, not Jess than two weeks from the first publication thereof.
Aeuoo
The board may, at any time within one year thereafter, by a vote b1 boord.
of four of its members, so alter such grade. In case the owner of otOlloottton
any building or other structure, or his authorized attorney, shall ;!, elatmo
file with the commissioner of accounts, within six weeks after the d a - .
vote of the council altering the grade of any street or highway, a
claim in writing, for damages to such building or other structure
arising from such alteration, the council must fix an assessment
district and cause application to be made to the county court of
Saratoga county, or to the supreme court, at a special term thereof,
within the judicial district in which the county of Saratoga is situated, for the appointment of three commissioners to estimate and
assess such damages. All claims for damages so filed shall be considered and disposed of in the same proceeding. No buildin~ or struetoreo
deemet
.
other structure shall be deemed to have sustamed damage by rea- damapd.
son of such alteration of grade, unless such building or structure
shall have been built with reference to, or to conform with, previously established grade.
...
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�712
LAws
OF
[CHAP.
NEw Yon, 1915.
~ 39. Whenever a petition shall be presented to the council for
f
the laying out or opening of any street, avenue or square or or
!~~..~:;,~, taking any property, right or easement in land for any purposes
or propertJ.
•
•
un der th" act, signed by one-th. r d of t he persons owmng 1and on
Is
1
the line of said street or proposed street, or of the property, rights
or easements to be taken, or for the widening, extending, altering
or straightening of any street, signed by one-third of the persons
owning land on the line of the whole street including the part proposed to be widened, extended, altered or straightened, or on the
line of the part proposed to be widened, altered, extended or
straightened only, it shall cause to be published in the official city
newspapers once in each week for two successive weeks, a notice
that such petition has been received, and of a time not less than
twenty days After the first publication of said notice when it will
Action
act thereon; if no remonstrance signed by a majority of the perbr eounell.
sons who will be assessed therefor shall be presented to it on or
before the day specified in said notice, it may then, or as soon
thereafter as may be, allow such improvement to be made, or the
otatrtet or property, rights or easements to be taken.
The council shall fix
..._mont. the district of assessment beyond which. the assessment shall not
extend, a description of which -shall form a part of such notice.
Aett011
The council by a unanimous vote of all of its members may allow
bJ council
h.
.
•tthout pe- any sue Improvement to be made, or property, rights or easements
tltlon and to be t k
•th
••
•
•
•
not•ttha en WI out auch petitiOn an d notice, or m case of a pet•atandtnc
t"
. h stand.
h remonstrances, an d proV1
•ded that the
ramonIOn, notWit
1ng SUC
otran-.
property, rights or easements are required for the construction of
any sewer or part thereof, the council by a vote of a majority of
all its members may allow the improvement to be made, and the
property, rights or easements to be taken without petition of any
Appueaowner, and notwithstanding any remonstrance. If the council
tlon for
eommlash all allow such improvements to be made, or property, rights or
alon.,.. to easements to be t aken, It shall cause app1•
·
•
oattmate
IcatiOn to be ma de to the
andexpen•...
county court of the county of Saratoga, or to the supreme court at
damacoa
and
a special term held in the judicial district in which said county
htnelltL
shall then be situated, for the appointment of three persons as commissioners to estimate and assess the expenses of the improvement,
and the amount of damages to be sustained and the benefit to be
derived therefrom, by the owners of lands and buildings affected
thereby. The notice of such application must be published in the
official city newspapers once in each week for two successive weeks
~:~ntbefore the day on which the application is to be made. The court
Notte. or
petltlon for
street tm-
Digitized by
Goog le
�229.]
LAws oF NEw Yo.ax, 1915.
713
to which such application shall be made shall appoint three persons as such commissioners who shall be owners Gf a freehold
estate in the city liable to taxation, not situate in the assessment
district. In case any of the persons so appointed commissioners
shall die, resign, decline to serve, remove from the city, or be or
become disqualified or interested in lands to be assessed or taken,
the court upon the application of the council may, without notice,
appoint another commissioner in his place. The persons who shall :!~~:, or
sign the petition for any such improvement shall be chargeable !~·:::.:.oru
with and are liable for all expenses which may be incurred thereon, roru-.
if the same be refused by the council ; and the amount of such e:.cpenses after being audited and allowed by the council may be reoovered against such persons jointly or severally by an action in
the name of the city of Saratoga Springs. The council must cause .....
a map to be made by a competent surveyor, on which shall be designated by feet and inches as near as may be the several pieces of
land necessary to be taken for the improvement, and the several
pieces of land within the district of assessment, which shaH be
numbered in figures from one upwards, and such map shall form
a part of the report of the commissioners. Provided that when
any right or easement in land is to be taken in the proceedings,
such map shall show the land in which such right or easement is
to be taken, and by appropriate words written thereon shall state
the particular right or easement to be taken as to each separate
lot of land. Each commissioner shall be sworn faithfully and im· nuu.. and
•
•
•
•
powen of
partially to perform the duties whtch shall devolve upon htm by commlovirtue of his appointment, and shall proceed with all reasonable olonen.
diligence to the discharge of his duties, and for that purpose the
commissioners have power to enter upon and examine any premises which in their opinion will be affected by the improvements,
to hear the proofs and allegations of the parties interested at such
time and place as they may appoint, and to adjourn from time to
time as they may deem proper. They must by publication in the Heart,....
official city newspapers give notice of the time and place when and
where they will meet and hear the proofs and allegations of the
parties interested, which time shall not be less than ten
days from the first publication of the notice. The report of 'R_.-t.
such commissioners shall be in tabular form with columns in which
shail be distinrtly shown the whole expense of the proposed improvement and the several items thereof, the number on the map
of the pieces of land required for the improvement or of the lots
in which a right or easement is to be taken, and of the pieces of
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�114:
(CJU.P.
LAws o.v NEw You, 1916.
land assessed for benefits; the names of persons interested in the
property taken for the improvement or in the lots in which a right
or easement is to be taken; the amount awarded to such persons
respectively therefor; the amount assessed upon each piece of
land and on the different interests therein; the balance of award
to be received by the different parties over the assessment on their
respective land; the balance of assessment to be paid by each
person, the assessment on whose land amounts to more than the
award; and so many and such different columns and statements as
may be necessary to designate the interests of the parties in land
or rights required for the improvement and their liabilities in
relation thereto; provided, however, the commissioners may substitute in their report for the name of the owner of any lands
taken or assessed, the words " unknown owner " in all cases where
they have been unable to ascertain the name of the owner. No
mistake or error in ownership of any such lot shall invalidate
roctutoa
such report or any part thereof. When any portion of any lot is
ot . .lduo
betaken f or any sueh.
..
•t tot wb .... nooeseary to
1mprovement, t he commiSSIOners
=:;ot!e:; may in case where injury and injustice would otherwise be done,
w.-.
and with the consent in writin1 of the owner or owners of such
lot, and upon examination and approval of the title to the same by
the city attorney, include the whole or any part of the residue of
said lot and the buildings thereon in their report, briefly describing the same, and separately estimate the value thereof and asaees
the same as a part of the expenses of the improvement. Every
such residue or part of residue, and all buildinga thereon 80
included, and any and all buildings on any land taken for such
improvement shall, upon the confirmation of such report, and
the payment or tender of the amount at which the same shall have
been 80 estimated to the owner or owners thereof, vest in fee
~·=uon simple in the city of Saratoga Springs and the council shall there-•du. upon cause the same to be sold and conveyed to the former owner
or owners thereof, or to the owner or owners of the next adjoining
land, at a price not less than the same was estimated, and if he or
they upon reasonable notice to be determined by the council shall
not take the same and pay such price, it shall be sold at public au~
tion upon SU('h notice as the council shall deem proper, for the
best price that can be obtained therefor. Upon a sale of the
same, the proceeds thereof shall bo apportioned by the comm.il~
sioner ot' accounts between the owners of land assessed, in propor~ltor tlon to the amount of t h• respective assessment& A£ ter the
•
•
report
e1r
....., wltb
...
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�229.]
LAws
OJ'
715
NEw YoRK, 1915.
report shall be completed it shall be deposited in the office of
the mayor. The commissioners of appraisal shall then cause to R..lew anCI
be published in the official city newspapers a notice that the report beartoc.
has been completed and so deposited, and that they will meet at a
time and place therein to be specified, not less than ten days from
the first publication of such notice, to review their report. During such time the said report may be examined free of expense
by all interested, and at the time and place so specified any such
person may be heard thereon and may present objections thereto
in writing accompanied with such affidavits as he may think
proper. The commissioners shal1, as soon as convenient ther&
after, review their report and correct the same where they deem
proper, and file it in the office of the mayor. At the time of the ~·~~'Â
filing of such report the commissioners shall also file a certifica~te .-......
of their proceedings, which may be read in evidence, and shall
be presumptive evidence of the facts therein stated. In case of
any alteration of an assessment or award being made after such ~ot
hearing, they shall, before filing their report, cause to be published
in the official city newspapers for two successive weeks a notice
that such report has been altered and deposited in the office of
the mayor, and that at a time and place therein etated they will
meet to hear and receive objectiona thereto, and as often as such
alteration is made, like notice shall be given. At the time and
place mentioned in such notice the commissioners shall attend and
hear and receive objections and affidavits on behalf of any person
whose award or assessment shall have been altered. The expense
caused by such alteration shall be assessed by the commissioners
and shall not be deemed an alteration of an assessment so far as
to require publication of a notice therefor; the council must then ~:~~~~••~a
cause to be pu:blished in the official city newspapers a notice that ~~o:~rmaÂ
the report has been completed and filed, and that application to report.
have the report confirmed will be made to the county court of the
county of Saratoga, or to the supreme court at a special term
thereof to be held in the judicial district in which said county shall
then be situate, at a time and place to be specified in said notice,
not less than ten days from the first publication thereof. The
mayor on or before the .first publication of such notice shall deposit
a copy thereof in the post-office of the city, paying the postage
thereon, addressed to each person named in such report as the
owner of property assessed for benefit or to whom an award is Appea~
•
made for damages. Any such person may appeal from sud report ~:'rt.
:.-:::=.
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�716
LAws
OF
NEw You, 1915.
[CJUP.
by a notice in writing to be served on the mayor at least six days
before the time the application is to be made to have the report
confirmed. Such notice must be accompanied with copies of the
objections and affidavits which have been delivered to the com·
missioners and also of a statement in writing of the grounds of
objection& to such report anci of the manner in which it is con·
tended the same ought to be altered. Such appeal shall be heard
by the court at the time application is made to have the report
confirmed. The affidavits delivered and served as aforesaid, and
ActloD
no others, may be read against confirming the report. The court
bJ eourt.
shall confirm or refuse to confirm the report. In case of a refusal,
~dÂ
IDP wbea
it shall send it back for revision or correction to the same or other
MDt back
for recommissioners to be by it appointed, who shall revise or correct
YIIIIoD.
the same or make a new report, and thereupon the same proceeding~ shall be had as upon the first report, and as often as any such
report shall be eent back as aforesaid like proceedings shall be
had. In cases, however, where the court shall direct specific
alterations to be made therein it may thereupon confirm the said
report without further notice. After the report is confirmed it
Pa7mnt
shall be filed in the office of the mayor. The council shall cause
of award&
to be paid to each person to whom an award has been made in said
report, or to his legal representatives or assigns, the amount of
~ppoiDt•
the same in excess of the assessments against him. The county
meDt of
CU&rdlaD8.
judge of Saratoga county or a justice of the supreme court shall
have power to appoint guardians for infants or other incompetent
persons to protect their interests or prosecute appeals in any such
CompeD•
proceeding, who shall be entitled to receive ten dollars for their
a&!lOll.
services before the commissioners and no other fee, unless upon an
appeal, in which case the court which shall hear the appeal shall
fix upon a further amount to be allowed them, if any, and certify
the same. The court may order such compensation to be paid out
of any award to such person. The provisions of sections thirtyseven and thirty-eight of this act shall not apply to proceedings
under this section.
PetltloD for
§ 40. Upon a petition of the owners of a majority of the front
dlacoDtiDU•
uce of
feet of land fronting upon any street or portion thereof, the
.U.t.
council may discontinue such public street or highway or portion
thereof, as shall appear to be unnecessary. Such petition must
contain a description of the street or highway or part thereof p~
posed to be discontinued, and be accompanied by a map showing
the street or highway proposed to be discontinued and its connec-
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�'229.]
LAws
OJ' N~w
717
YoRK:, 1915.
tion with other streets or highways; or if only a part of a street
or highway, then ita connection with the remaining portion. Before acting thereon, such petition and map must be deposited
with the commissioner of accounts, and the council must cause
to be published in the newspapers in which ordinances are directed
to be published, once a w~k, for three successive weeks, a notice
that such petition has been received, and that a map showing the
proposed discontinuance, and a description of the street, or part
of street proposed to be discontinued, has been deposited with
the commissioner of accounts, and that upon a day to be stated in
such notice, at least twenty days after the first publication thereof,
it will, if it deem proper, order such discontinuance to be made.
Unless a majority in foot frontage of the owners of land fronting Or<ter
'fied 1n sa1 not1ce flrectlnll
,
'd
, a~~conuaaon sueh street sh all on or 1..-.J!
..,.,.Lore t h e day spec1
remonstrate against such discontinuance, the council may upon &Dee.
the day specified in said notice, or upon a subsequent day, to which
the matter may be postponed, direct such discontinuance by an
order in writing, signed by at least four members, sealed with the
corporate seal and filed in the office of the commissioner of
accounts with the map accompanying such petition. The lines of
the street shall thereupon conform to the cl1ange made by such
discontinuance. The council may, as a condition for the granting mxpenseo.
of such order of discontinuance, require the owners of the land ::·:.::.~~
within the street or part thereof to be discontinued to pay the
expense of such proceeding.
§ 41. In case the owner of any building or other structure, or .weooment
•
,
.
41atrlct
of any Ian d affected by any sueh dISCOntinuance, or h' author1zed payment lor
1s
of
agent or attorney, within six weeks after the filing of such order aamacee.
of di~continuance, shall serve upon the commissioner of accounts
a claim, in writing, for damages by such owner, suffered by reason
of such discontinuance, in respect to such building, structure or
land, the council must establish an assessment district, and cause Application
•
•
for appoint·
apphcat10n to be made to the county court of Saratoga county or ment or
to the supreme court, at a special term thereof, for the appoint- :~.=:.!:·to
ment of three commissioners to estimate and assess such damages.
Like proceedings as to such claim shall thereupon be had, as is ProceecJin this title, providing for estimating and assessing the expense anp.
for the opening and widening of streets. In case the person mak- Bon4 of
ing such claim be not in possession of the land, building or struc- claimant.
ture, in respect to which such claim is made, or in case the council
shall deem such case unfounded, it may require the claimant to
=...
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�418
LAws oF
N:~:w
[CHAP.
Yo.u, 1915.
file with the mayor a bond with sufficient smeties to be approved
by him, conditioned to pay all costs, expenses and disbursements
which may be incurred by the city in such proceedings, in case no
award for damages shall, by such commissioners, be m..ie in
favor of such claimant; and until such bond be filed, the council
Dl•poottlou may BUSpend such proceedings. In case two or more persons shall
::.t~rat. make separate claims for damages, within said six weeks, all
such claims shall be considered and disposed of in the same proceeding.
Appeata
§ 4:2. Any person aggrieved by such order of discontinuance
~t~,:.~~~ may, at any time within sixty days after such order shall have
llnii&Jl....
been filed in the mayor's office, appeal therefrom to the supreme
court by a notice in writing, to be eerved upon the mayor; such
appeal shall be heard at special term, and the court shall affima
or vacate such order as it may deem for the best, having due
regard for the rights and interests of the traveling public, u
well as the individuals affected thereby. No paper shall be read
on such appeal, except the pr~ings of the council and such
affidavits and objections as may have been served upon the mayor
with the notice of appeal except to sustain the order of discontinuance.
eertatn a§ 43. The expense of advertising and pr..nting, and compensa·
pen,.,.!t ID
•
f )1
}
..,,."'. or bon o a persons other than salaried city officers and emp oyees
proceedtnc.
}
Joyed in any proceeding under this ti t1e, is pari
necessari y emp
of the expense thereof and shall be assessed as such.
Amoaat
§ 44. The council shall, unless otherwise provided by this
&aaeU('d.
how ftxe<l,
act, estimate and fix the amount of money to be raised by 888ell8ment
Appro§ 45. The municipal council shall not make or pass any order,
~:~~!~.,.
resolution or motion appropriating money beyond the annual ap~::';;.~t P~:- prop ·iations in the budget for current department expenses, in
btbtt•d.
exces J of two thousand dollars or make or authorize the making
of any contract involving a liability on the part of the city in excess
sxcepllon.. of two thousand dollars except (a) for public lighting; (b) by
vote of the taxable inhabitants upon a question submitted for that
purpose; (c) for the immediate preservation of the public peace,
health or safety, which contains a statement of its urgency and
is made or passed by a four-fifths vote.
Ltlhllnc
§ 46. The council of the city of Saratoga Springs may con·
eontracte.
tract in the name of the city with an individual or corporation
for lighting the streets, public grounds and public buildings of
Digitized by
Coogle
�- 229.]
LAws or N:t:w YoRK, 1916.
719
the city by gas, electricity or other substance ; but such contract
shall not be made for a longer period than five years.
§ 4 7. The commissioner of accounts shall be the asseesor in ~.
and for the city of Saratoga Springs and he shall have, possess
the powers and perform the duties of 8S8e880rs of towns of this
state. He shaH cause to be prepared in manner and form as "-meat
nearly as may be, as prescribed by the tax laws of the state, an ron.
assessment-roll of all property within the city and he shall in
addition to the information required by law state separately the
value of the personal property, the value of the land without the
improvements thereon and the value of the land with the improv~
meDts thereon. On the completion of the assessment-roll which
shall be done on or before the first day of August in each year,
he shall deposit the said roll in his office and cause to be published ~!!:!ct?!n.
in the official city newspapers once a week for two successive weekS
a notice that the aBSessment-roll is completed and on file in his
office, where it may be examined for twenty days next after completion of said notice; and that the council wHI attend at his office
for the last five of said twenty days from two o:clock in the after.
noon until nine o'clock in the evening to review the assessments
R...tewl and
and make any corrections therein. During the aforesaid twenty eorreet on.
days the said aBBessor shall review and correct the said assessmentroll under the direction of the council and within thirty days the~
after verify the same. During the time of the reviewing and =-;:;,n °1
correcting said roll he shall have the power to insert therein any omttt.d.
property liable to taxation which may have been omitted from
the said roH and the assessment therefor, after first giving to the
owner thereof personal notice in writing of not less than five days
to attend at the time and place to be therein stated to show cause
wh.v any specified correction should not be made. The council !r":'..::•:~
shaH in like manner aBBess the cost of local improvements ordered ~~.~':~ta.
by the commissioners or other competent authority where the
cost of such local improvement or any part thereof is made a
charge upon the property deemed by them to be benefited thereby.
§ 48. He shall under the direction of the council correct all~~~
manifest clerical errors in the description or valuation of property in the assessment-roll. The council shall thereupon confinn f.!~~":it•Â
said roll and shall cause to be made a copy thereof and certify ~;::..~u·
t.he same and deliver it to the supervisor of the city who shall
present it to the board of supervisors of the county of Saratoga
at their next meeting.
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�7'20
(CHAP.
LAws oF NEw YoRK, 1915.
:::''!~011
.;.
§ 49. When the council shall have fixed a tax or approved the
amoant of an assessment, he shail cause to be apportioned and
extended the amount thereof opposite the several valuations of
real and persona! property appearing in the assessment-roll, in
conformity as near as practicable with the provisions of law in
respect to apportionment and extending of taxes by supervisors.
~~~- When such apportionment shall be completed the board shall confirm the same; and the day, hour and minute of such confirmation
Lien "'
shall be entered in its ordinance book·, and from the moment of
tu-.
snch confirmation, the taxes so embraced in such roll, as apportioned, shall be the first lien upon the property or franchises
respectively against which the same is levied.
=~~~;.
§ 50. Upon the application in writing of any person desiring
=-tr':~o d;1 to pay the tax or assessment on, or to redeem from sale, for any
~.::4 part unpa;d tax or assessment, a part of any lot of land, or one or
..-..~.
more lots of land, upon which, with other lots of land, a tax or
assessment has been levied, the council shall apportion, in writing,
the tax or assessment on such lot or lots of land, or the amount
for which the same shall have been sold, between the land upon
which the applicant desires to pay the tax or assessments or to
redeem, and the remaining part thereof; and like proceedings
may be had thereafter as if the land had been separately assessed
and a separate amount of tax or assessment levied upon each.
Such apportionment shall be confirmed by the council and shall be
filed in the office of the commissioner of accounts.
~~ :U~
§ 51. It shall be the duty of the commissioner of accounts of
!:.:npald the city, and he is hereby invested with power and authority to
sell real estate in said city, upon which the state, county and
municipal taxes, including water rates and all special assessments, are unpaid on the first day of May next after the said
taxes are laid.
!~~~rt~~".i
§ 52. Whenever any tax charged on real estate and the interest
thereon at the rate of one per centum per month to be calculated
••• eotate. from the time when such tax was payable, shall remain unpaid on
the first day of :May next after the said taxes are laid, the said
commissioner of accounts shall proceed to advertise and sell such
real estate in the manner hereinafter provided, for the payment
of such tax and interest and the expenses of such sale, which exBate
penses are to be estimated by said commissioner of accounts. The
fi'XpeDiell
~.
• '"'
charsed on estimated expenses of publishing lists of lands and of a..,vl)rtw~
land• ad-
-c..
:!:. ':;
vert.-.
Digitized by
Coogle
�~29.]
LAws
OF
NEw
YoRK,
721
1915.
the same shalJ be a charge on the lands advertised and shall be
added to the taxes and interest thereon.
§ 63. The commissioner of accounts shall, immediately afteT Pabllcauoa
the first day of May in each year, cause to be published once a :!~a~l.at
•
•
--L- •
and
week f or stx successive Wll:laiUII, m one or more of th e pu bl' news- ••• tu
1c
nouoe.
papers of the city of Saratoga Springs, having the largest circula·
tion therein, a list or statement of the real estate liable to be sold,
with the taxes and charges and the interest thereon computed to
the day of sale, and also a notice that the said real estate will,
on a day at the expiration of the said six weeks, to be specified in
11Uch notice, and the succeeding days thereafter, be sold at public
auction at the office of the commissioner of accounts, in the city
of Saratoga Springs, for the lowest term of years for which any
person shall offer to take the same, in consideration of advancing
the sum necessary to discharge the taxes, interest and chargee
aforesaid, which may be due thereon at the time of sale.
§ 54. The purchasers, at such sale, shall pay the amount of ::rr;,~:_era:
their respective bids to the said commissioner immediately, and :f.,.':!~n 4
after such payment shall have been made, the commissioner of !::!.ta, tor
accounts shall give the purchaser of any such real estate a written ~....
or printed certificate signed by him and describing the real estate
purchased, the sum paid and the time for which the purchaser will
be entitled to the possession thereof; and such purchaser or his
legal representative may at the expiration of two years from the
last day of said sale upon surrender of said certificate receive a
deed of such real estate, as hereinbefore provided, unless the real
estate shall have been redeemed as provided by section fifty·
seven of this act, or the sale thereof shall have been cancelled;
and such person shall, upon receiving said deed, be entitled
to possession of said land, and may cause the occupant of such
real estate to be removed therefrom and the possession thereof
delivered to him in the same manner, and by the said proceedings and by and before the same officers as in the case of
a tenant holding over after the expiration of his term with·
out permission of his landlord; provided, however, that no mort- Judcment •
Kortcace
•
•
gage or JUdgment creditor, whcse mortgage or JUdgment shall have :':•:!\.
been duly recorded before said sale, and no owner, occupant •or 4t...11t with·
eate<t or
,
•
ria
other person interested therein, shall be divested of hts nght tn mootba'
out • 1"
•
satd real estate, unless six months' notice in writing of the sale and nou...
purchase of said real estate shall have hnen given to him by the
purchaser or those claiming under him either personally, or if not
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�722
LAws
OJ'
NEw YoRK, 1915.
[CHAP.
found in the city, by mail, directed to him at his last known place
of residence within one month after the service of such notice, it
shall be the duty of the pers<:on serving, or causing the same to be
served, to file in the office of the mayor a copy of the notice served,
together with the affidavit of some creditable person, certified u
such by the officers before whom such affidavit is taken, proving
~~~~
the manner of sueh service. In case no person shall offer to bid
for any lot of land offered for sale, the commissio:c.er of accounts
shall bid in such land for the city of Saratoga Springs for the term
of one thousand years.
!.~~ct:':a
§ 55. If any purchaser at any sale of lands for taxes shall neg·
:~ :ae::••t lect or refuse to pay the amount of his bid or bids, the commi•
::r-:.~o sioner of accounts may, at his discretion, resell the said real estate
immediately or at an adjourned sale, or execute his certificate of
sale to such person or persons as will take the same and pay thE'
same bid, or may maintain an action against the purchaser for
the sum bid, and interest thereon at twelve per centum per annum.
~~e:t• After such payment shall have been made, or the amount of such
bid shall have been collected, the said commissioner of aecounta
shall deliver to the purchaser or purchasers of any such real estate
a written or printed certificate duly signed by him, the same as is
Recor«.
mentioned in section fifty-five of this act; and the commissioner of
accounts shall enter in a record book, to be kept by him for that
purpose, on the issue of all such certificates of sale, a description
of the street or ward in which the same is located, occupied or
vacant, to whom sold, and for what term of years and if redeemed
before a deed is executed, by whom, at what dates, and what
amount paid ; or if a deed be given, to whom and at what date.
:,fl4~":,~~a
§ 56. The owner, mortgagee or any other person or pe~~
mortppe
interested therein, may redeem the lands sold at any timE' WlthiD
or nther
•
:~~.!.''• two years after the last day of such sale, by paying to ~e s~d
commissioner of aOOGunts for the use of the purchaser, hts hens
or assigns, the sum mentioned in his certificate and interest thereot.
from the date of his certificate of sale, at the rate of ten per centum
per annum, together with the sum actually paid by the purchaser
for searches against the premises sold, not exceeding the amount
allowed by law to county clerks for such searches, and the sum
of one dollar for each notice given by the purchaser to any mortgagee, judgment creditor, owner, occupant or other person interempuoo ested as provided in section fifty-five of this act; or may redeem
o part of
•
1 04 ootd. any part of any lot or plot sold by paying a proporttonal part of the
•
R.Idt
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�229.]
LAws
OP
NEw YoaK, 1915.
723
purchase money and interest at said rate, and sums so paid for
searches and the sum allowed for serving notices as hereinbefore
provided.
§ 57. If sueh real estate, sold for taxes, or any portion thereof, ~n~~aee
be not redeemed as herein provided, or the sale thereof shall not cbuer.
have been canceUed, the said commissioner of accounts shall execute to _the purchaser, his heirs or assigns, a conveyance of the real
estate so sold, which shaH vest in the grantee an absolute estate for
the term of years mentioned in his certificate; subject, however,
to any lien of taxes, and also of any assessments for improvements
made by said city of Saratoga Springs, and to all claims which
the people of the state of New York, or the oity of Saratoga
Springs, may have thereon. The commissioner of accounts shall
be entitled to one dollar, to be paid by the grantee, for preparing
and executin~ such conveyance; which conveyance shall include all
the lands unredeemed, purchased at said sale by the same
grantee.
§ 58. Every such conveyance executed by the said commis- Oonnrance
•
•
preeumptlve
s1oner of accounts under h1s hand and seal, and duly acknowledged ••tdeoce or
by him, shall be presumptive evidence that the same and all the :'~:"'t~:
•
•
proceedmgs pr10r thereto, f rom and inc1 ding the assessment of purcbuer
u
oa .. utoa
,
ul4e of
the lands, were regular; and in case the sale shall be set as1de for we.
any cause, the purchase money and interest thereon shall be at
once refunded to the purchaser by the said commissioner of
accounts.
The commissioner of accounts shall, within thirty months after comptetton
any property sold for unpaid taxes or assessments under thifl title :!,.!.ox when
• 1 •
'd •
•
•s b'd 1n by sa1 c1ty, comp)ete sueh tax sa1 an. t ake t1t}e to cley bidder.
es d
same in the name of said city, and said commissioner of accounts Sale or tu
•
•
•te <erttashaJl be empowered to sell or ass1gn any tax sale certificate now cete• owned
•
•
,
b7 vlllap
owned by the vtllage of Saratoga Sprmgs or wh1ch may be here- or ctey.
after owned by the city of Saratoga Springs to any person at a
price to be decided upon by the city council.
§ 59. Acquisition of property for public purpoaes; aale of city
property. The city shall have power to take lands for public
buildings, parks, public grounds, squares, streets, alleys, fountains,
canals, basins, slips and other public waters, docks and for any
other col'porate purpose or object, and to take proceedings to perfect its title where title has been acquired or attempted to be acquired, and has heen found to be iuvalid or defective, and the latter
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�724
L.&ws
OF
[CHAP.
NEw You, 1915.
proceeding may be joined with any new proceeding for acquiring
lands for a similar purpose.
Aequloltloo
§ 60• "'henever any work or unprovement au thorized b1 th"
•
or la ndo of
18
=~·;::ou act shall be undertaken, the city may take for the purpose thereof,
=~~~~. as provided in this act, lands held or used for public purposes by
any corporation having the power of eminent domain, or otherwise
held or used for public purposes; but in such case only such interest or easement shall be taken as may be necessary for <'.arrying
out such work or improvement, and to that extent such taking is
hereby authorized.
:;::~~~;_-§ 61. All proceedings for the acquisition of property for public
-·-· purposes shall be taken in accordance with and subject to chapter
twenty-three of the code of civil procedure of the state of New
York, unless otherwise provided herein.
~!~ ot
§ 62. The council may, by reeolution, direct the sale of any
::'~~,,..... "' land acquired by the city for public use, and which it has failed
to appropriate or ceased to use for the purpose of such use, at public auction to the highest bidder. Notice of the time and place of
such sale, together with a short description of the property, shall
be published once a week for three weeks in the official papers of
the city, and no appraisal thereof shall be made or deemed necessary in cases of sale under this section unless an application has
been made as provided in section fifty-one of this act before the
passage of a resolution of the council directing the sale of premises
under this section.
ReeoaftJ·
§ 63. In cases, howe,·er, where assessments have been offset
ance of
Jande ••·
against awards for the value of the property taken, the council
qulred Ia
eortala
may authorize the release and conveyance by deed to be executed
by the mayor, and under the seal of the city in such lands, or
parts thereof, to the parties interested therein who are equitably
entitled to sueh conveyance, upon payment by them to the city of
the moneys expended by the city in the purchase or the taking of
said lands or ratably in proportion to such parts thereof with
\nterest thereon from the time of such expenditures, or upon such
other terms and conditions as the council shall deem best for the
:r~~~ interests of the city. In case the city of Saratoga Springs shall at
acquiNd.
any time abandon the public use of any lands appropriated b;y it
for public use, or shall be about to abandon such use, the council
by not less than a four-fifths vote may authorize the conveyance
under the hand of the mayor, and the corporate seal of said city,
of any such lands or any part thereof so abandoned, or about to be
-
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�2:W.]
LAws oF NEw YoRK, 1915.
725
abandoned, in exchange for other lands substantially of equal value
required by said city for a like public use.
TITLE IV.
ELECTIONS.
§ 64. :Nominations and election of comm11110nen. All commissioners shall be elected for a term of two years, excepting those
chosen at the first election as hereinafter provided. They shall
serve for the time specified and until their successors arE! elected
and have qualified.
§ 65. Candidates for commissioners under the provisions of this Prima.,.
charter shall be nominated by a primary election which shall be :~e:,~.•::tl::•
. .
.
h eld f ourteen days pr10r to the d ate of the fir st general mumctpal of eaodl·
<~•t• for
election as hereinafter provided, and thereafter on the first Tues· :r.::'~·
day after the first Monday in September in each odd-numbered wbea bal4.
year, beginning with the year nineteen hundred and seventeen, as
hereinafter provided. The name of any elector of the city shall be Nomlnatln1
prmted upon the primary ballot when a petition in the form here- patltloo.
inafter prescribed shall . have been filed in his behalf with the
custodian of primary records, and such petition shall have been
signed by at least one per centum of the total number of registered
voters in the municipality.
§ 66. The signatures to a nominating petition need not all be Petition;
alpaturee,
appen ded to one paper, but to each separate paper t here shall be alllda•tL
attached an affidavit of the circulator thereof stating the number
of signers of such paper and that each signature appended thereto
was made in his presence and is the genuine signature of the person
whose name it purports to be. Each signer of a petition shall
sign his name in ink or indelible pencil, and sh~ll place on the
petition after his name his place of residence by street and number.
§ 67. Petition papers shall be in substantially the following Form of
patltloo
form:
papara.
Form of Petition Paper.
We, the undersigned, hereby present ....•••••.••••...•••••
whose residence is .............................. , Saratoga
Springs, New York, as a candidate for nomination to the office of
Commissioner of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • . . to be voted
upon at the primary election to be held on the ......•........•
day of •••••••••••••••••••• 19 .. ; and we individually certify
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�726
LAws
OF
[CRAP.
NEw You, 1915.
that we have not signed a similar petition for any other person to
be chosen at the next general municipal election.
Name ....................................•.... ·•···•
Street and number ..............••....•........•••.. · ·
(Space for signatures) .
.... . .. .. . ... . ... . . .. ................................
County of Saratoga, } •
88• •
State of New York.
• • .. • · •............•.•.....••••. being duly sworn, deposes
and says that he is the circulator of the foregoing petition paper
containing ......•...............••.....•....••....•....
signatures, and that the signatures appended thereto were made
in his presence and are the signatures of the persons whose names
they purport to be.
(Signed) ••.....•..............•..••••.....•..•.•
Subscribed and sworn to before me this ....•. day of .....•••• ,
19 ••••
~
.......................... .
Notary Public.
This petition, if found to be insuffici'ent, shall be returned to
.. . . . ........ . .... . . . ................................ .
at No•...............................•.... street, Saratoga
Springs, N. Y.
§ 68. All nominating papers compri!"ing a petition shall be
assembled and filed with the election authorities, as one instrument, at least thirty days prior to the date of holding the primary
election with respect to which such petition is filed; except as
hereinafter provided.
Accept&Dce
§ 69. Any nerson whose name has been submitted for candidacy
of eandlt"'
ucr.
by any such petition shall file his acceptance o£ such candidacy
with the election authorities not later than twenty-five days before
the day o£ the primary election, and in the absence o£ such acceptance the name of the candidate shall not appear upon the ballot.
EJection
§ 70. All ballots used in all elections held under authority of
and prtmai"J
bonoc•.
this charter shall be without party mark or designation.
Except that the cross here shown shall be omitted, and that in
place of the names of persons here shown there shall appear the
names of persons who are candidates for nomination, the primary
ballots shall be substantially as hereinafter detlignated. Primary,
regular and special election ballots provided under authority of
I"JIIq ot
petition
pepera.
o; 9 ,r,zed by
Goog le
�929.]
LAws
OF
727
NEw You, 1915.
this charter for the nomination or election of commissioners shall
not bear the name of any person or persons or any issue other than
those candidates for nomination o:r election to the office of commissioner and city judge.
Form of Primary Ballot.
Primary election.
Candidates for nomination to the office of commissioner of .•••
. . . . . ...... .... .... . . ............................... .
X
I
John Doe.
Richard Roe.
Henry Smith.
I
George Jones.
James Richards.
I
I
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�728
LA.ws
OJ'
[CHAP.
NBw You, 1915.
§ 71. The city clerk, upon the direction of the council, shall pr&
•
'red und er
pare a tabu1ated }' shOWing the numbe r of ballots reqw
1st
~::":.!:=:. the provisions of the general election law, which shall be s.upplied
to each district in one tablet, consecutively numbered. The ballots
shall comply in all respects with the general el~tion law, except
as to the instructions to voters printed on the stubs, which shall
be as follows: "This ballot should be marked with a pencil having
black lead. The elector may vote for one in each column by making a cross X before the name of the candidate. To vote for a
person not on the ballot, write the name of such person under
the title of the office in the blank space in such column. Any
other mark than a cross X mark for the purpose of voting or any
erasure made on this ballot mllkes it void and no vote can be
counted thereon. If you tear, deface or wrongly mark this ballot,
return it and obtain another."
C&odldatae
The two candidates for nomination to each office of commiBSioner
placed oo
muolclpal and city judge who shall have received the greatest vote in such
electloo
b&lloL
primary election shall be placed on the ballot at the next regular
or special municipal election.
rorm or
§ 72. Ballots for regular or special municipal election shall be
maolclpal
•.::~~~
similar in form to those of primary ballots, except that the wordll
" Regular Municipal Election " shall appear at the top of each
ballot, and immediately over the names of the regularly nominated
candidates for each office of commissioner shall appear the words
"For CommiBSioner of ......•.......................... ",
and over the names of such candidate for city judge, the words
" For City Judge."
aouuoo ~r
§ 73. The names of candidates on all ballots used in any elec·
~~~.
'ted'
oamea.
tlon held under the authority of this charter shall be prm
lD
rotation, as follows :
Ballot
§ 74. The ballot shall be printed in as many series as there are
candidates for the office of commissioner or city ju~e. The
whole number of ballots to be printed shall be divided by the number of series and the quotient so obtained shall be the number of
Rotauoo
ballots in each series. In printing the first series of ballots, the
oraa......
names of candidates shall be arranged in alphabetical order. After
printing the first series, the first name shall be placed last and the
~~~·::..
next series printed. The ballots so printed shall then be combined
in tablets indiscriminately as to name of candidates, pasted on at
least two edges, and no ballot shall be removed from such tablets
~:-.:-:~· until the voter has presented himself at the polls and demanded his
~:~~~ lo
ballot. The ballot clerk shall then fold the ballot in accordance
PrtiiW7
ballou;
oumber, lo·
.......
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�229.]
LAws o:v N:sw You, 1915.
729
with the general election law and present the same to the voter.
The general election law shall govern all primary and municipal~~ taw
•
•
•ded
to
e1 t wns, except as herem otherw1se prov1 •
ec •
an CO'f81'11
••§ 75. At any regular or special municipal election held under:;;:,.
the provisions of this charter, the candidate for each office of ••••tea.
commissioner and city judge who shall have received the greatest
number of votes cast, shall be declared elected. A tie between two ~
or more candidates for the office of comm.i.ssioner shall be decided
by the elected candidates.
§ 76. All of the provisions of title four shall apply to the office ~!7 ~::.c:.
of city judge and supervisor, except as herein otherwise provided. •taor.
TITLE V.
CITY CouNciL; CoM.MISSIONERS.
§ 77. B'o farther compensation. None of any such commissioners shall receive any further compensation :for any service he
may render the city during his term of office, other than his salary
as commissioner, and all fees or other moneys coming into his
hands by virtue of his office shall be accounted for and paid over
forthwith to the city.
§ 78. Qualiftcationa. No person shall be eligible to the office of
any such commissioner unless he is a qualified elector.
§ 79. Vacanciet. If a vacancy occur in the office of any such
commissioner, the council shall appoint an eligible person to fill _
such vacancy until the next general municipal election, and any
l'uch vacancy shaH then be filled by the election for the unexpired
term. A vacancy shall exist when an elective officer fails to qualify
for ten days after notice of his election, dies, resigns, removes from
the city, absents himself from his duties without permission of the
council for more than ten consecutive days, is convicted of a felony
or judicially declared a lunatic
§ 80. Legialatin powen. The city council shall consist of five
commissioners and shall except as otherwise provided by this chuter be vested with all the legislative powers of the city.
§ 81. Rulea. The council shaH determine its own rules of
procedure, may punish its members for disorderly conduct, and
compel their attendance at the council meetings.
§ 82. Xeetinga. The council shall prescribe the time and place
of its meetings, and the manner in which special meetings thereof
may be called. The commissioner of pub1ic accounts shall be the
clerk of the council, and shall, with the mayor, sign and att.est all
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�730
LAWS 011' NEW yORK,
[CHAP.
1915.
ordim~nces and resolutions. A majority of all the members shall
constitute a quorum to do business, but a less number may adjourn. The council shall sit with open doors at all legislative ses·
sions and shall keep an accurate journal of its proceedings in detail, which shall be a public record.
§ 83. Restrictions upon memben. No member of the council
shall be elected or appointed to any office, position or employment,
the compensation of which was increased or fixed by the council
while he was a member thereof until after the expiration of one
year from the date when he ceased to be such a member.
§ 84. Ordinances and resolutions. (a) In legislative sessions
the council shall act by ordinance, resolution or motion.
(b) The ayes and nays shall be taken upon the pas&&ge of all
ordinances and resolutions and entered upon the journal of ita
prooeedinga. Upon the request of any member the ayes and nays
shall be taken and record~d upon any motion Every m<:>mber
when present must vote and every ordinance passed by the city
council shall require on final passage the affirmative vote of a
majority of all members of the counciL
(c) No ordinance shall be passed finally on the date it is in~
duced except in cases of special emergency, for the preservation
of the public peace, health or safety, and then only by unanimous
vote of all members of the council present. No ordinance making
a grant of any franchise or special privilege shall ever be passed
as an emergency measure.
(d) The enacting clause of all ordinances passed by the council
shall be in these words: " Be it ordained by the council of the cit!
of Saratoga Springs."
§ 85. Publication of ordinances. Every proposed ordinance
shall be published once in full in the official newspapers of the city
at least ten days befQre its final passage. Mter such final passage,
it shall be again published once in the offioial newspapers, as
amended and completed, except in cases of an emergency ordinance, which may be passed as heretofore provided, and which
shall take effect upon passage and be so published within seven
davs thereafter.
§ 86. Amendment or repeal. No ordinance or section thereof
shall be amended or repealed except by an ordinance regularly
adopted.
§ 87. Ordinances granting franchises. No proposed ordinance
grauting any franchise or an extension thereof shall be put upon
its final passage within sixty days after its introduction nor until
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�229.]
LAws
OF
NEw YoRE:, 1916.
731
it has been published not less than once a week for six consecutive
weeks in two newspapers of the city in genc1·al circulation.
§ 88. Record of ordinances. A true copy of every ordinance
when adopted shall be numbered and recorded in a book marked
" Ordinance Record," and a certificate of adoption and publication shall be authenticated by the certificate of the publisher and
by the signatures of the mayor and clerk. The ordinances adopted
by the vote of the qualified electors of the city shall be separately
numbered and recorded, commencing with " People's Ordinance,
No. 1."
§ 89. Proof of charter and ordinances. This charter or any
ordinance may be proved by a copy thereof, certified to by the
city clerk under the seal of the city, or when printed in book or
pamphlet form and purporting to be printed by authority of the
city, the same shaH be received in evidence iti all courts without
further proof.
§ 90. Fiscal year same u calendar year. The fiscal year of
the city shall commence on the first day of J nne and end on
the last day of May of each year.
§ 91. Public moneys. The commissioner of finance shall, under the power and control of 'the city council, have the direct
management of the revenue of the city except as otherwise provided by this charter, or by ordinance. He shall be ex officio city
treasurer, with the usual duties and powers of that office.
§ 9'2. The cash balance of the city in the hands of the city DepM1t
treasurer for deposit in the banks shall be kept on deposit in one :!••~
...
or more of the banks or legal depositories of the city without dis·
crimination. Said depository shall furnish a satisfactory cor- De-1to17'•
porate surety bond to the city therefor.
bond.
§ 93. No demands for money against the city shall be ap· Pa:rment
proved, allowed, audited or paid unless it shall be in writing, dated ~~~e.':'anaa
and sufficiently itemized to identify the expenditure and shall first cltJ.
be approved by the commissioner at the head of the department
creating the same.
§ 94. The council shall, by ordinance, provide a system for the unttorm
collection, custodv and disbursement of all public moneys, and a ::~~~~~
",
•
system of accountmg f or the c1ty, esta bl' h' as near1 as may be &CCODDtiDII
1s mg
y
a uniform system of municipal accounting, such system to be in
!lccord with the provisions of this charter.
§ 95. Duties of purchasing agent. The commissioner of a~
counts shall procure all supplies ordered by the city council in
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�732
[CHAP.
LAws oF NEw YoRK, 1915.
such manner as it may direct. He shall also procure supplies
for any commissioner upon requisition therefor. Such requisition
shall be in writing, the quality, quantity and kind of material
required, whether urgency demands that the order be made. by
wire, whether the supplies should come by express or otherw1se,
and the probable cost thareof, in detail, if known. In case of
emergency, where the estimated cost exceeds two hundred dolla~s,
such requisition shall have the indorsement of one other commtesioner. If no emergency exists a requisition for supplies, the
estimated cost of which is above one hundred dollars, shall first
be approved by the eouncil. Whenever be considers it practioal
and advantageous, the purehasing agent shall advertiJe for oom
petitive proposals for any supplies in a public newspaper, or by
circular letters, or other means, sent to several competitive dealers.
All such requisitions, correspondence and competitive bids received shall be kept on file in the office of the commissioner of
supplies. The provisions of this act requiring advertisements for
bids or proposals or the awarding of contracts for work or supplies to be furnished for any of said departments shall not be
applicable to the supplies which may be furnished under the
provisions of the prison law.
Btata
§ 96. The supervisor shall certify to the commissioner of fi&04 C:OUDlJ
l.u.H.
nance the amount of taxes for state and county purposes assessed
upon the city, and the commissioner of finance shall extend and
apportion said taxes on the assessment-roll, together with the city
taxes as herein provided.
Super'rlaor,
§ 97. There shall be elected at the general state election held
ei..UOD,
on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November, nineteen hundred and fifteen, one supervisor for the city of Saratoga
Springs. The said supervisor shall be elected from the city and
shall hold office for a term of two years as provided by the general
Term.
law of the state of New York, relating to supervisors. His successor shall be chosen biennially at the municipal elections in
odd-numbered years, except as otherwise provided by statute. He
shall receive the same salary as the other supervisors of the county
of Saratoga and the same fees and compensation, except as otherwise provided. He shall be a member of the board of super·
Powera
and dutiOL
visors of the county of Saratoga, and he shall have for the said
C&nTau
city the powers and duties of supervisors of towns. At all elecof 't'Oiee.
tions of supervisors, includin~ such first election, the votes in
the several cledion districts shaH be canvassed by the inspectors of
Digitized by
Coogle
�22t.]
L.A.wa
OJ'
'183
NBW You, 1916.
election therein ; and the results shall be recanvassed and statements made by the council of the city in the manner provided by
law for such recanvass by a town board in towns where town meetings are held in election districts.
.
Board or
§ 98. The council of the city shall constitute the board of can- cao.Y. . .r&
vassers of elections of supervisors, commissioners and city judge,
chosen at municipal elections, other than the first election in the
year nineteen hundred and fifteen, and shall meet to receive and
canvass the results from districts on Thursdav. at twelve o'clock,
.,,
noon, following each municipal election at which supervisor, commissioners and city judge, or any of them, are voted for, and shall
tile a certificate of the result with the city clerk and a duplicate
with the county clerk.
§ 99. Department estimates of annual requirements. On or
before the first day of April each year, the heads of the departments, offices, boards and commissions shall send to the commissioner of finance a careful estimate in writing of the amounts,
specifying in detail the objects thereof, required for the business
and proper conduct of their respective departments, offices, boards
and commissions during the next ensuing fiscal year.
§ 100. Annual general city estimate. On or before the third
Monday in April each year, the commissioner of finance shall
submit to the council an estimate of the probable expenditure of
the city government for the next ensuing fiscal year, stating the
amount required to meet the interest and maturing bonds of the
outstanding indebtedness of the city and the warrants of all departments of the municipal government in detail, and showing
specifically the amount necessary to be provided for each fund
and department, also an estimate of the amount of income from
fines, licenses, water rents and all other sources of revenue, exclusive of taxes upon property, and the probable amount required
to be levied and raised by taxation to defray all expenses and
liabilities of the city.
§ 101. Annual budget. The council shall meet annually, prior
to fixing the tax levy, and make a budget of the estimated amounts
required to pay the expenses of conducting the business of the
city government for the next ensuing fiscal year. The budget
shall be prepared in such detail as to the aggregate sum and the
items thereof allowed to each department, office, board or commission as the council may deem advisable.
§ 102. Annual appropriation. Upon said budget as adopted
aud filed the council shall pass an ordinance not later thau the
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�734
kws
OJ'
NBw You, ltlli.
[CJIAl'.
thirtieth day of April in each year which shall be entitled "The
annual appropriation ordinance," in which it shall appropriate
such sums of money as it may deem necessary to defray all expenses and liabilities of the city and in such ordinance shall
specify the objects and purposes for which such appropriations
are made and the amount appropriated for each object and pu~
pose therein named for the ensuing fiscal year.
§ 103. No liability without appropriation. Except as herein
otherwise specifically provided, the city expenditures in any one
year shall not be increased over and above the amount provided
in the annual appropriation ordinance for that year, and no contract involving the expenditure, and no expenditure for any improvement to be paid out of the general or special funds of the
city or for defraying the expenses and liabilities of the city shall
exceed in any one year the amount provided in the annual appropriation ordinance to be paid out of the said general and special
funds so appropriated and set apart, but the said several funds
shall be maintained for, used and devoted to the particular purposes specified in the annual appropriation ordinance.
::~:"rr!:
§ 104. It shall not be lawful for any department or officer of
only wb,ere the city to incur or contract any expense or liability for or on
appropr a·
~~~..
behalf of the city unless such an appropriation shall have been
made concerning such expense. Such contract shall be ab initio
Ezeet>ttone. null and void as to the city for any other or further liability; provided, first, that nothing herein contained shall prevent the council from pr'. >Viding by ordinance for payment of any expense, the
necessity of which is caused by any casualty, accident or unforeseen contingency arising after the passage of the annual appropriation ordinance ; and, second, that the provisions of thil!l ~
tion shall not apply to or limit the authority conferred in relation to bonded indebtedness, nor for moneys to be collected by
special assessments for local improvements.
§ 105. Special appropriations for nineteen hundred and lfteen
and nineteen hundred and lixteen. The council shall, during the
year nineteen hundred and fifteen, pass such special appropriation
ordinances as may be necessary to pay the salaries and defray the
expenses of any and all departments, officers and employees ot
the city for the years nineteen hundred and fifteen and nineteen
hundred and sixteen, but not thereafter; and the warrants for
the payment of such salaries and expenses after being duly allowed
and audited may be drawn against such appropriation, and tho
amount so required for the payment of such warrants, or so much
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�22ft]
L.A.wl o:r N:aw Yoax, 1915.
735
thereof as may be necessary~ shall be payable out of any available
moneys not otherwise appropriated, or failing such moneys, the
warrants shall be registered and payable out of the revenue for
the next ensuing fiscal year, which shall be sufficient to pay the
same.
§ 106. Assistants and employeea. The commissioner of public
safety with the advice and consent of the city council shall appoint a health officer, fix his compensation and prescribe his
duties.
§ 107. Duties of each co:mmiuioner. He shall keep such books
of account as are required by this charter, make an annual full
detail report of all the assets and liabilities, receipts and expenditures of his department, including cost of maintenance, extension
and improvements. He shall not let the work for any extension
or new construction on contract unles." directed by the council,
but the same shall be done directly by the city, procuring the
necessary labor and material. The character of any extension!'~ to
be undertaken and the extent thereof shall be determined by tlte
city council.
§ 108. Bates, regulations, ftnea. The city council shall by
ordinance fix uniform rates and establish regulations for the nse
of water by consumers, provide for the orderly administration of
the department, and impose fines and penalties for the violation
of such regulations.
§ 109. City attorney. The city attorney shall be appointed by
the mayor with the advice and consent of the council for a term
of two years and the council shall fix his compensation. He
shall be the legal adviser of the mayor, council, commissioners
and departments, and shall conduct all cases in court wherein
the city shall be a party plaintiff or defendant, or a party in
interest; and shall perform such other duties as are required by
ordinance.
§ 110. Oath of office. Every officer or salaried employee shaH,
before he enters upon the duties of his office, take, subscribe aud
file with the clerk the constitutional oath of office.
§ 111. The commissioner of accounts and the commissioner of Bond• •r
finance before entering upon the duties of their office shall file a om••••··
bond in the office of the commissioner of accounts in an amount
fixed by the council. The council in its discretion may increase
or decrease at any period of the year the amount of the bond of
other officials.
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�[CBAP.
L.A.ws o:r Nzw Yo:a:z:, 1916.
736
§ 112. It shall not be lawful for the mayor or any member of
the common council, or any member of any of the municipal boarde
tnterwte<l
ID city
cootracta,
of said city, or any superintendent, or any clerk, agent or empurcbuee
of oupployee of said city, employed by the common council, any of the
plteo, e&ocommissioners or municipal boards therein, to be financially
interested, directly or indirectly, in any contract or work
made or done by, for or on behalf of the city, or the common
council, or any commissioner or municipal board therein; nor
shall any such person be financially interested, directly or indirectly, in the purchase of any merchandise, material, substance,
supplies or requirements for any of the uses or purposes of said
city, except that any person may sell to any department in the
ordinary course of retail trade; nor shall any such person receive
therefrom or thereon or in consideration or in consequenee thereof.
Audit of
any commissions, divisions, discounts, gift or gratuity. It shall
;:~c;::::
not be lawful for the common council, or any commissioner or
::d:e,:~ municipal board of said city, except as herein otherwise provided,
etc., omeor t o au d't any account or 1ssue any warrant f or t he paymen t of any
•
cltJ while
1
probtbtte<L claim for services rendered or for work, labor or material furnished by any person during the time such person shall have
held the office of mayor, councilman, member of the municipal
c117 omecter boards or employee of said city.
No city officer shall act as atnot to a
•
ut auorneJ tomey or counsel for any adverse party in any action or legal pr<r
er adverae
•
•
\.
:;:;,ntn
ceeding in which the city is a party and which affects, directly or
acttona.
indirectly, the department or branch of the city government of
v1o1otton
which lte is an officer. A violation of any of the provisiona of
meooor.
this section is hereby declared to be a misdemeanor.
§ 113. Opinions not affect appointments. No appointment to
any position under the city government shall be made or withheld
by reason of any religious or political opinions, or affiliations, or
political service; and no appointment or election to, or removal
from, any office or employment, and no transfer, promotion, reduction, reward or punishment shall be in any manner affected
or made by reason of such opinions, affiliations or service.
§ 114. Official books and documents. (a) All books, records
and papers of each office, department, board or commissioners are
city property and must be kept as such by the proper official or
employee during hia continuance in office, and delivered to his
successor, who shall give dnpli~ate receipts therefor, one of which
shall be filed with the city clerk. The failure to eo deliver such
books, records and papers shall be a misdemeanor.
OIDclala
not to be
••
mirth~.
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�LAws
229.]
01r
737
NEw YoRK, 1915.
(b) Certified copies or extracts from the books, Neot·ds and
filea shall be given by the officer, board, commission or employee
having the same in custody to any person demanding the same and
paying for such copy or extract; but the records of the police
department shall not be subject to inspection or copy without the
permission of the commissioner of public safety.
(c) All equipment, collections, models, materials, construction tools and implements which are collected, maintained, ueed
or kept by the city, or by the department, board or commission
shall be city pPoperty, and be turned over by the custodian thereof
to his successor, or dul.v accounted for.
§ 115. Payment of debts. Failure of any employee to promptly
pay any _legal indebtedness contracted by him while in the service
of the city shall be ground for his removal from such employment.
§ 116. Penalty for violatiOJl. Any person who shall violate
any of the provisions of this charter for the violation of which
no punishment has been provided herein shall be deemed guilty
of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished
by a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment
in the county jail not exceeding three months, or by both such
fine and imprisonment.
TITLE VI.
CITY CouRT AND ScHOOLS.
§ 117. A court of civil and criminal jurisdiction known as the Cll7 court
city court of the city of Saratoga Springs is established in and for
the said city with the jurisdiction and the powers within the suid
city of a justice of the peace in to~s. The judge of said court Judp.
shall be a magistrate, and he shall have power to appoint and Clerk.
remove, with tho consent of the council, a competent clerk of
sAid court at such compensation as the council may dete~
mine and the said clerk shall have power to issue summonses
and subpoenas in civil actions in said court. Said magistrate 1w• •
3hall hold office for a term of four years, except as otherwise :~: oe~~
hereinafter provided. He shall take the oath of office prescribed by law before entering upon his duties and file the
same in the county clerk's office of the county of Saratoga. Hto
shall be known as the city judge and shall have been an attorney
and counselor-at-law for at least ·five years and a resident of
the said city or village and town which it supersedes for at
24
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�738
TemporiU'J
•aeaaey,
bow lllled.
Prat"tlrn,
pro<'f',Jure
and jurla·
diction.
Appealo.
[CHAP.
LAws oF NEw YoRK, 1915.
least three years prior to the beginning of his term. Except as
otherwise provided in this charter, the term of office of the
city judge shall be four years. Should a vacancy occur
during the term of office of the city judge, the council shal1
forthwith fill the saine and the person so appointed shall hold
office until midnight on the thirty-first day of December following
the next general municipal election. The city judge shall receive
a salary of eighteen hundred dollars a year, payable in equal
monthly installments. It shall be the duty of the city judge to
hold a court in said citv and which said court shall be open for
business each day, Sundays and legal holidays excepted, at nine
o'clock in the forenoon and continue open during reasonable hoUl11
for the transaction of business. He shall charge the same fees
as a justice of the peace in towns is entitled to charge and account
for the same to the city and pay over on the first day of each
and every month the same to the commissioner of fu1ance. In
case of the temporary absence or inability of the city judge the
council shall appoint a person with like qualifications to act with
co-ordinate jurisdiction.
§ 118. ·Processes and mandates of the city court, the service
and enforcement thereof, the proceedings thereunder and the
practices and procedure in said court and before the E~nid judge
and the jurisdiction of snid court and persons and suhjoot-matter
shall be the same as in courts of justices of the peace in towns
except as otherwise provided in this act and all provisions of law
applicable to justices of the peace in towns and courts held by
them and aJI proceedingR bad before them and to thei"r official acts,
duties and powers, shalJ apply to the city court and the judge
thereof, except as qualified by this act.
§ 119. Appeals may be taken from judgments of the city court
and proceedings before the said judge may be reviewed and transcripts of judgments filed in the office of the clerk of the county
of Saratoga and the enforcement of such judgments will be had
in the same manner and in like force and effect as in courts of
justices of the peace in towns. Where the party or parties are not
entitled to a new trial in the county court, as provided for appeals
from courts of the justices of the peace, the county court, on snch
appeal from such judgment, may review the facts, affirm, reverse
or modify the judgment appealed from or order a new trial before
the city court or judge, with costs to abide the el"ent, and foT the
purpose of determining the j11 risdiction of such city court, except
Digitized by
Coogle
�229.]
LAws oF
N~~:w Yo~~:x,
739
1916.
as the same is increased or extended or modified by this act, the
city shall be regarded as a town.
§ 120. The public schools within the inside tax district ~~~~~·
shall be counted one school district. Such school district shall ~"t:::.~t. w
be governed and controlled in all respects by chapter three hundred and fifty-three of the laws of eighteen hWtdred and sLny.
seven. Such district shall be known as " The Union Free School ;.:.:•::hool
District of the City of Saratoga Springs ·" and said school dis- Dlotrlcl;"
'
ecbool
trict, for the purposes of the apportionment and distribution of mooers.
school money which, from any source collected or received, shal1
be a school district under the general school laws of the state.
The board of education of said school district shall certify the Bad~et.
amount or amounts needed for the support of the schools within
such corporation tax district in the same manner as the other
departments of said city of Saratoga Springs. The school districts other
"d
"d
•
outs1 e of 881 corporation tax d" • sh a11 be un der the same acbool
Istrict
41otrlcta.
supervision and control as the other common schools in Saratoga
county, and they shall be under the control of the general school
laws of the state as in towns.
:::.rn..s.
TITLE VII.
YISCBLLANBous PBonstoNs.
§ 121. No person elected or appointed to any salaried office ~=~ 84
under this act shall, during his term of office, hold any other othertoolllbold
not
ef!.
public office whatever, except that of notary public or commissioner of deeds and except that the health officer shall be designated
and act as the registrar of vital statistics. If any person holding
any salaried office under this act shall accept any other public office eompeoea.
•
.tl!
tloo
he sha11 thereby cease to bold h1s office under thiS act. N o o.wcer ..,•.,.beyond
pro• any compensation, perqms1te or benefi t 10 any way, blblte4.
•
••
.
sh a11 receive
except his salary, fixed by law or ordinance, for any service performed, work done, or permit granted under any public authority,
except as notary public and commissioner of deeds and except as
in this act otherwise provided.
§ 122. Any person elected or appointed under this act to any otrenoeo
office or place, who shall upon the expiration of the term for ~~m':t1t~od
which he was elected or appointed, or upon his removal from such omeen.
office or place, refuse to deliver the books, papers and effects pertaining to the office or place, to his successor, shall be guilty of a
misdemeanor, and may also be proceeded against in the manner
Digitized by
Goog Ie
�740
LAws
OF
[CRAP.
NEw YoRK, 1915.
provided in the public officers law. Every officer of the city, and
every person employed by the city, or by any officer of the eity,
who shall lend or convert to his use, or to the use of another,
money belonging to the city, shall be guilty of larceny. Any
officer who shall willfully neglect his duty shall be guilty of a
RN:... val
misdemeanor. The mayor, the commissioner of aooount.'l, the
of t.·•LJ
commissioner of finance, the commissioner of public works, and
omce....
the commissioner of public safety may be removed by the governor for cause after hearing. The city judge may be removed
for cause by the appellate division of the supreme court sitting in
the judicial department in which the city is situated; the mem·
hers of the board of education may be removed as provided by
law. All other officers except as otherwise provided may be r&
moved in accordance with the civil service laws.
Books. etc.,
§ 123. The books, documents, maps, rolls and papers 10 the
•
to be opeD
to public
be
soBPeouoa. office of any city officer shall at all reasonable times,
open to
the inspection and examination of the public except as otherwise
provided by law. If any officer shall unreasonably refuse to produce and submit to the inspection of any person any such books,
document, map, roll or paper be shall forfeit fifty dollars to the
city, to be recovered by action.
::,~~=:o:!
§ 124:. The printed minutes of the proceedings of the council
:~ "..".~?· 11 when approved or confirmed by it, and certified by the city clerk,
deoce.
shall be received by all the courts of this state as prima facie
evidence of such proceedings.
Reol~entlo
not 4!ls§ 125. No person shall be incompetent to act as judge, justice,
quallfted
when cltJ commissioner, referee, juror or witness by reason of his being
party to
action.
resident or freeholder of the city, in any action or proceeding to
which the city is a party, or in which it is interested.
Ex rise
§ 126. The state commissioner of excise shall, on or before the
taxattoL
first day of October, nineteen hundred and fifteen, cause an enu·
meration to be made of the inhabitants of the city of Saratoga
Springs residing without the limits of the inside tax district, and
thereafter said territory outside the limits of the inside tax dis·
trict shall be treated as a separate town by said state commissioner of excise, under the provisions of chapter thirty-nine of
the laws of nineteen hundred and nine for the purpose of fixing
the excise taxes to be assessed in said territory under the provisions of se<>tion eight of the liquor tax law and the excise tax
assessed therein shall be collected and distributed as now provided by law.
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OF
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i41
§ 127.• The journals of the council, or a copy thereof certified of counell
Journal•
·
by the Clty clerk, shall be evidence of the proceedings therein set as evidence.
forth. AU the records, including aU tax and assessment rolla, cartala
documents and maps required or permitted by law to be filed and :f~;!~e...
kept in any office of the city when certified by the clerk, head or
chief of said office, and attested by the mayor under tbe seal of
the city shall be admitted in evidence in aU courts and sha11 be
presumptive evidence of the facts or proceedings appearing
therein. It shall not be necessary for the city, in any action or Bona not
proceeding in which it is a party, to give any bond, undertaking ~u:~ 1n
.
l
.
certain
or secur1ty on appea, or to obtam a provisional remedy, or to .......
take or prevent any other proceeding.
§ 128. All legal proceedings, matters and things which were Proceed.
becun
.
begun or regar d mg wh" h any acbon or pre]"
1c
1minary ateps had anp vtttago
br
•
•
and town
been taken by the Vlllage of Saratoga Sprmgs and town of Sara- of Saratoga
.
d
. Springe
toga Sprmgs,• or its apartments, officers, agents or servants pr10r rattlled;
bow
to the day th1s act takes effect, are hereby ratified and confirmed, uaued.
and shall be continued, carried on and completed under the provisions of this act, the same aa if such proceedings, matters and
things, and such action and stepa had been taken in conformity
with the provisions of this act. Proceedings for the levyin@.' of
taxes and assessments and the collection of the same, and the
sale of lands for nonpayment of the same, pending and incomplete on the day this act takes effect shall be carried on and completed under tho provisions of this act. All legal acts and
proceedings of the village of Sarato~a Springs and town of Saratoga Springa, or its departments, officers, agents or aervants, :r&
garding or affecting such proceedings, matters and thin~ since
and including the day this act takes effect, are hereby ratified and
confirmed; and all acts of the officers in any department, before
the provision-a of the act hereby applicable to such department
were in full operation, arc hereby declared to be valid and legal
and ratified and confirmed.
Provided, however, that this act PeDIItn1
.t:r
shall not auect any proceed"
mg, matter or t h•mg wh" h was begun, actloDa.
1c
or regarding which any action or preliminary steps have been
taken by the village of Saratoga Springs and town of Saratoga
Springs, or its departments, officers, agents or servants, or any
1 proceeditrgS for the levying of taxes and assessments and the collection of the same, concerning which any suit or special proceeding is now pending in any court, but the validity and effect
of all said proceedings, matters and things, taxes and assessments,
COD-
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Terallnatlon of
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om--.
Excep..
tlODI.
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tton and
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tlon of
new
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OF
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[CJUP.
shall be adjudged and determined in said suit and proceedings
as the aame would be adjudged if this act had not been passed.
§ 129. On the second Tuesday after the first general muni~
ipal election in the year nineteen hundred and fifteen, at nine
o'clock in the forenoon, the offices and terms of office of the boards
of trustees, and of all other officers, of the village of Saratoga
Springs and of the town of Saratoga Springs ahall terminate and
their powers and duties devolve on the appropriate officers of the
city of Saratoga Springa, as provided in this act, in so far as the
same or similar powers and duties are continued or modified by
this act. Except that the supervisor and the several justices of
the peace of the town of Saratoga Springs, duly elected, qualified
and acting at the time this act shall take effect, shall continue to
hold their offices for the terms for which they were respectively
elected. On or before the time above provided for such devolution of powers and duties, the commissionera and city judge of
such city chosen at the first general municipal election in the
year nineteen hundrei and fifteen shall take the oath of office before a notary public or justice of the peace and shall enter upon
the discharge of their .official duties at nine o'clock in the forenoon on said second Tuesday after the election at which they
were chosen, and the municipal council shall meet and organize
at that time. The absence of one or more commissioners from
such first meeting shall not affect the organization of such muni~
ipal council. Any person entitled to take the oath of office who
was not present at the time above fixed therefor may take the
same at any time thereafter.
§ 130. General and special municipal elections. The :first
municipal election shall be held in the city of Saratoga Springs
on the first Tuesday occurring after the expiration of sixty days
after this act takes effect. Thereafter a municipal election shall
be held in such city in each odd-numbered year, beginninp; with
the year nineteen hundred and seventeen. The commissioners
provided for in this charter, and the city judge, shall be elected
at such elections. Every such election shall be known as the
general municipal election. Every other municipal election,
held under the provisions of this c.>harter, shall be known as a
special municipal election. The officers elected at the first general municipal election shall be the commissioner of public affairs,
the commisaioner of public safety, the commissioner of accounts,
the commissioner of public works, the commissioner of finance
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LAws
OF
NEw YoRK, 1915.
'143
and a city judge, and they shall each take office on the second
Tuesday following such election, at nine o'clock in the forenoon,
and they shall each hold office until the first day of January,
aine~n hundred and eighteen. Thereafter, succesaors of the
commissioner of public affaira, commissioner of public safety,
commissioner of accounts, commissioner of public works and
eommiasioner of finance shall be elected in each odd-numbered
year beginning with the year nineteen hundred and seventeen,
for terms of two years each; and a city judge shall be elected in
the year nineteen hundred and seventeen and in each fourth year
thereafter for a term of four years, and they shall each take office
at nine o'clock in the forenoon of the first day of January following such election.
§ 131. The following persons, to wit: E. D. Starbuck, W. D.:;:'~'::~*
Eddy, Thomas Leonard, G. F. Comstock, J. N. Crocker, E. H. :::!uoa.
King, J.P. McGirr, N. R. Thompson, H. L. Waterbury, Bernard
Brunner, W. H. Bennett, A. S. Downs, T. R. Kneil, Harry W.
Leonard, H. E. Pettee, James S. Eddy, C. A. Young, F. W.
Lawrence, Deyoe Lohnas, G. N. Ostrander and August Erickson
are appointed a committee for the purpose of holding and conduc~
ing the first general municipal election in the city of Saratoga
Springs as provided in this charter, and are hereby authorized,
empowered and directed to prepare for the holding of tho first
election in the manner preacribed by the provisions of this
charter and the provisions of the election law ; and the said com- Election
mittee hereby appointed may appoint the bi-partisan election ollelala.
officials upon the certificate of the political parties authorized by
the election la\v of the state of New York to name the inspectors
of election. And the said committee hereby so appointed are Board
authorized, empowered and directed to act aa a board of can- ~~:
vassera in and for the said election so held. At such election 011..,.
there shall be elected the followinp: commissioners: The commis- ~~ec~.
sioner of public affairs, the commissioner of accounts, the commisaioner of finance, the commissioner of public works, the com·
missioner of public safety, and city judp:e. For the election Peraona
provided under this section all persona residents of the said city :'t~!t-:.
entitled to vote at the last p:eneral vi1lap:e election and those
taken within said city by thia act who are electors of the town
of Saratoga Springs and would be eligible to vote at a town el~
tion and persons residinp: within the territory are hereby de-
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LAws
OF
NEw You, 1915.
(CHAP.
clared to be entitled to vote for tho officers provided under this
act.
on1tnanca
§ 182. The commissioners elected under the provisions of the
':,"...;:::ce:' preceding section are authorized between the date of their elec~~t ca.:z tion and the date of their asaumption of office from time to time
;~~0":ct.01 to meet, formulate and adopt such ordinance or code of ordinances as may in their opinion be necessary to proYide for carrying out the provisions of this act; and to enable the board and
its members to undertake the government of the city; such ordinance or code of ordinances may be adopted in their entirety by
the said board on the date of their assumption of office, and shall
become operative immediately and shall be entered in the ordinance book and signed ; provided, however, that said ordinance
or code of ordinances shall be published once in the official newspapers printed in the said city of Saratoga Springs. For such
purposes, only, the terms of commiasionera shall be considered
to commene.e before they assume office, but they 11hall not be entitled to any compensation for the period prior to assumption
of office.
Peodtn1
§ 138. All actions or causes of action, suits, or claims for
acllou.
damages, rights or privileges of any kind, pending to which the
present village of Saratoga Springs and town of Saratoga
Springs are or now is a party plaintiff or defendant shall in no
wise be affected or terminated by the proviaions of this charter
and shall continue unabated; and all actions or causca of action,
suits or claims for damages, rights or privileges of any kind
which may have been held up at the time of the taking effect of
this act for public use, or in trust for the public, ahall vest io
and inure to the corporation known aa the city of Saratoga
Springs under this act.
In elrect
§ 134. This act shall take effect imrncdintely, but the village
when.
of Saratoga Springs and town of Saratoga Springs shall not be
dissolved nor the powers and dutiea of their respective offices
terminated until nine o'clock the second Tuesday after the first
general municipal election in the year nineteen hundred and
fifteen.
Elr••t ot
§ 135. In the event that this act shall become a law before the
act becom
In« law
twenty-third day of March, nineteen hundred and fifteen, the vilbe-tore
Mar. U,
lage election called for that date shalJ not be held, but the present
U15.
village officials shall l10ld office until the village is dissolved.
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036c74a0dbe53f1ed5bb9ac9a904f17f
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Saratoga Springs History
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1706-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=OQ6xAAAAIAAJ">Googlebooks</a>
Text
Any textual data included in the document
TITLE I
Section 1. Short title. This act is. a public act and shall be
known and may be cited by the short title of " charter of the city of Saratoga Springs."
§ 2. The name, boundaries, powers, rights and liabilities. The city of Saratoga Springs shall consist of the present village of Saratoga Springs and so much of the school districts as are within the corporate limits of the town of Saratoga Springs and such additional land as is embraced within the boundaries of the town of Saratoga Springs, and the boundaries of the city of Saratoga Springs shall be the present boundaries of the town of Saratoga
Springs, and the said city of Saratcga Springs for all purposes of local administration and government is hereby declared to be coextensive with the territory above described; and the said city of Saratoga Springs is hereby declared to be the successor corporation of such municipalities united and consolidated as aforesaid, with all their lawful rights and powers and subject to all their lawful obligations and diminutions or enlargements except as herein otherwise provided; and all the duties and affairs of the several municipal and public corporations united and consolidated as aforesaid into the city of Saratoga Springs are hereby devolved upon the municipal council of the said city of Saratoga Springs,
so far as the same are applicable to said city and not herein otherwise specifically provided, to be exercised in accordance with the provisions of this act.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Act of Incorporation, City of Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1915
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Laws of the state of New York. : passed at the one hundred and thirty eighth session of the legislature
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
New York (State)
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
statute
Description
An account of the resource
The act incorporating the city of Saratoga Springs enacted by New York State's 138th assembly
Language
A language of the resource
eng
19th century
city government
city planning
Founding Documents
History
origins
Saratoga Springs
-
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de45bf0f5a9257d33f0631fd5400b8b2
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cc5efe8b9d3e82f3389a1912b5040c2d
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64d95b85206051f6b0ffc21dd2c3d66b
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4cbcb5a41378f66053a724ccd482ca74
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6fc9ee2010b4b7e5dce59e51761d7ec9
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
book
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
The 1915 edition of a series includes maps and stops located in a specific regions providing a guide for visitors in towns and cities. Visitors to Saratoga are led to the hotels, springs and Woodlawn Park.
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
transportation
electric railroad
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation (D &H, R.R.)
Boston and Maine Railroad (B&M Railroad)
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Hudson River Valley (N.Y. and N.J.)--History
New England
Saratoga Battlefield (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Ballston Spa (N.Y.)
Champlain Canal (N.Y.)
Hudson River (N.Y.)
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Travel and Tourism
Transportation
URL
Available on <a title="1915 Trolley Guide" href="https://archive.org/details/trolleytripsthro01hart" target="_blank">archive.org </a>(along with other editions).
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Jordana Dym
Elana Scaglia
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
8/17/2014
3/9/2015
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Library of Congress
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Trolley Trips through New England and Hudson River Valley, America's Playground
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1915
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
The Hartford Press
Language
A language of the resource
English
Hudson River Valley
transportation
trolley
-
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ab7abb3e4dec2921d03484b10c3bd9df
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71a9ecf07835ba202a5a972fb115a27d
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969a27825d93ce4bbf9aa77ddd2100d6
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/2dbef0e4541e40c151833947d712f810.png
6c2a427bbcd9bff74e38020c39aabde6
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Saratogian Articles, 1915, regarding the City Charter
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1915
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/6a9e88d9f6b9247359dcb8d488e89564.jpg
467d897592122b0daefdfb5f32b6ac9a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Organization
Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map).
Lester Brothers, Real Estate
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1903
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1903
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1915
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1915
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
Statistics of Saratoga Springs --- Population in 1915, 13,348. Average elevation above tide water 350 feet. Average daily temperature, June to September, inclusive--June 67.75, July 73, August 69.5, Sept. 62. Average number of days in year when sun shines 239. Air usually above normal point of dryness. winter season cold, usually 100 days sleighing. Prevailing winds throughout the year form south to south-west nearly always light. Mineral springs with few exceptiosn owned by State of New York inc ustody of Conservation Commission. State owns 160 springs, wells and bores. Largest Reservation tract in Geyeser Park (260 acres), two miles south from Post office. In this Park is nursery of State Forestry Commission Large public Park, Casino and Gardens owned by municipality, centrally located on Broadway, contains Trasks Memorial. Daily Concerts. Holly System waterworks. Model sewage disposal plant. Paid Fire and Police Departments. Model Government Post-office Building. Two Banks, 16 Churches, Union school system of 8 Public Schools, High School and Grammar Schools. Two Public Librarie, Skidmore College, (High-class Technical School for young women), commodious Y.M.C.A Building, High-class public Hospital, several private Hospitals, Homes for childrena nd Aged Women, 3 public Bath Houses accommodating upwards of 1,000 bathers daily, in addition to the swimming pools and teh Turkish and Russian eestablishments. Complete scientific theraputical (sic) treatments of all descriptions. High-class Race Course with stabling for 2,000 horses, Golf Links, Polo Fields, public Tennis Courts. SEveral sylvan public and private parks to which thep ublic may have access. Saratoga Lake three miles east (reached by trolley). Revolutionary Battle Ground and scene of Burgoyne's Surrender on Hudson River, 12 miles east. Battle Monument at Schuylerville. Mt. McGregor where General Grant spent his last days, now site of costly Insurance Company Sanitarium (1,000 feet elevation), six miles north. Distances from Saratoga Springs,-- New York,1 82 miles; Albany, 39 miles; Troy, 32 miles; Schenectady, 22 miles; Manchester, VT., 50 miles; Pttsfield, Mass., 75 miles; Glens Falls, 22 miles; Lake Luzerne, 22 miles, (elevation 635 feet); Lake George 31 miles elevation 331 feet )(sic) Lake Champlain, 40 miles, (elevation 99 feet).
Below:
With the Compliments of
Lester Brothers Inc., Real Estate Brokers,
377 Broadway, Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
(BUSINESS ESTABLISHED 1885)
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
City Plan
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Property and Development
Demographics
Publisher
Publisher of the item, or of the book or atlas in which it appears.
[Lester Brothers]
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
[Saratoga Springs]
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
J. Dym
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
4/10/2015
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
17 x 22 in
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1915
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lester, Willard
map
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https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/6cd9c6dd93d9aed04f3eb308b344cedc.pdf
89463fc598abe9f2d312c2b1c71fabee
PDF Text
Text
F 129
.S3 N42
1916
Se* 1
STATE OF NEW YORK
Seventh Annual Report
OF THE
COMMISSIONERS
OF THE
STATE RESERVATION AT
SARATOGA SPRINGS
1916
/
TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE JANUARY
ALBANY
J. B.
LYON COMPANY, PRINTERS
1916
18, 1916
��that others were activated by radium
The Bureau of Mines,
emanations.
in
Dr. Moriarta Ascribes Peculiiarly Satisfactory Therapeutic
Results to Its Presence
Writes of Radium Treatment
in Medical Journal.
That a Saratoga Springs physician
using radium largely in his practice is revealed by an article in the
Medical written by Dr. Douglass C.
Moriarta, on the subject of this exThe
pensive method of treatment.
paper was previously delivered by
is
Moriarta before the Glens Falls
Medical Society, last December.
Some idea of the expense involved
in securing the radium necessary for
such treatment may be gained from
has
a
the statement that radium
The invalue of $12'0,0'00 a gram.
vestment necessary in order to sefrom
is
results
satisfactory
cure
Dr.
$10,000 to $25,000.
Dr. Moriarta, in the paper, is enthusiastic in the praise of the radium
treatment into which he goes with
considerable detail, giving the results
obtained by himself in various cases.
Of particular interest to Saratogians
belief
his
of
is the announcement
that the peculiar therapeutic properties of the springs of Saratoga are
largely due to the presence of rad-
ium.
Dr. Moriarta, writing of this says:
"I first became interested in radium in 1912 when the National Bureau of Mines announced that some
of our mineral springs at Saratoga
and
solution,
contained radium in
making
this
announcement,
fur-
nished me with the explanation of
the value of our mineral spring waters which to me had always been
unexplainable. In a paper written in
1908 I stated that the results I had
observed from the use of the waters
were surprising and could not, to my
mind, be accounted for by a knowledge of the chemical analysis of the
.
waters.
I
stated that the natural waters
of Saratoga presented unusual therapeutic properties which are peculiar
to themselves and not presented by
artificial waters made after the analyses of the chemists, and gave as a
reason that I believed the combination of bases of acid radicals in nature's laboratory under pressure and
heat did not result in the theoretical
by
accepted
formula believed and
the chemists who made the analyses.
I
am now convinced these peculiar,
therapeutic properties are due to radium influences. We are not in a poto announce at this time any
data relating to the limitations and
efficiency of radium as a catalyzer.
Suffice it to say that it is a property
of marvelous importance.
"For years I have had unusual results from our mineral spring waters, when their use was associated
perdonal
directed
with a carefully
regimen, in cases of high blood prespain,
neuralgic
sure, gout, obscure
arthritis, etc., the reasons for which
were not clear to my mind, until 1
became familiar with the physiologiin
various
radium
cal action of
sition
amounts and knew that
it was contained in our waters.
"With those who would refer all
the benefit derived by these patients
to the regulated regimen, and a protein-free diet, I would disagree. Radium, even in such small doses as occur in our Saratoga waters, is a wonderful synergist to metabolism and
when it is administered, proteins do
not have to be so restricted, neither
do nitrates have to be used to control the high blood pressure of ar-
terio-sclerosis."
�DriXKIXG FROM THE HiGH EOCK SPRIXG AT THE CoXE OP TUFA
Wiricu Stands To-day ox the Origixal Site ix High Eock Park.
I.NDIAX FajIII.Y
�STATE OF NEW YORK
Seventh Annual Report
OF THE
Jy.w
y,..i<
I'iteiz'cOMMISSIONERS
OF THE
STATE RESERVATION AT
SARATOGA SPRINGS
1916
TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE JANUARY
J. B.
AL'BANY
LYON COMPANY, PRINTERS
1916
18, 1916
�D. of D.
APR
6
1916
�p
CONTENTS
PAGE
Appointment
of present
Achievement
of
Commissioners
••
former Commissioners
Area and subdivision
f>
of the Reservation
fi
7
Plans for future development
Work
8
new Commissioners
confronting
Development accomplished
'-^
Further acquisition of lands
/
.
11
Rehabilitation of Congress Spring
13
Erection of trolley station
14
Minor improvements
15
Bathing business
16
Business of the bottling department and drinking pa\'ilion
17
Gas business
IS
Development demanded on a
19
large scale
21
Cost of complete development
Drink
hall
21
an immediate necessity
A
bottling plant needed
A
storage system for mineral waters
now
22
22
23
Fresh water supply
Bathhouse
23
for colored people
Minor changes and improvements
in
bathhouses
24
PubUc parks
24
Protective measures required
25
Emergency appropriation necessary
25
Spencer Trask memorial
26
Tracy
27
Death
of General
28
Departmental reports appended
Report
of the Consulting
29
of the Secretary
Report
33
Engineer
Report
of the
Chemist
41
Report
of the
Superintending Director
50
62
S,
Supplement to study
>^
Disbursements
72
.
Receipts
87
^
Maps
of
of hydraulics
90
Various Properties
[3]
�.
LIST OF PLATES
PAGE
1.
2.
High Kock Cone
A " Woodland " breakfast in picturesque Geyser Park
Frontispiece
for early
morning
G
visitors to the Cathartic Springs
4.
Driving an automobile by a Reservation Spring on the State Highway reNote the number of stopovers
quires a steady hand.
Lincoln Bath House, front entrance
5.
Main lobby
6.
Control Table, Rain Douche and Sitz Bath in Hydrotherapy
3.
7.
8.
of
Kayaderosseras Baths.
10.
office
Room
New
Hudson Valley Railway, opposite
Park, erected in 1915
Entrance to Soft Sweet Spring Bottling Plant. The Arms of the State
of New York on bottled waters indicate State ownership of the sources ...
12.
13.
The Saratoga
Soft Sweet Spring (in foreground)
acres of this attractive scenery.
is
surrounded by
20
" The Spirit of Life," by Daniel Chester French
15. A snap shot taken upon the occasion of the unveiling of the bronze statue,
" The Spirit of Life," by Daniel Chester French, to complete the Memorial
Congress Park, erected by the citizens of Saratoga Springs "in memory
Chairman of the Reservation Commission ....
of Spencer Trask, the first
General Benjamin F. Tracy, former Commissioner
17. Reservation Drink Hall in winter costume
18. Despite the sign, this cathartic water, on account of its pleasing salty taste,
is
late
drunk
Reception
by
of the Kayaderosseras
travelers
Sweet Spring.
23. Water analysis room of State Reservation Laboratory, Hathorn Building
24. One of the outdoor swimming pools at the Lincoln Baths
25. Bottled waters and Spouting Spring
26. Electric and hot air cabinets, Kayaderosseras Baths
27. Saratoga Reservation exhibit at the 1915 State Fair at Syracuse, N. Y
Back
28. A portion of the Spencer Trask Memorial
22. Sanitary washing, sterilization
26
26
26
30
30
freely
Room
Baths
20. Indoor Swimming Pool, Kayaderosseras Baths
21. Ancient willows shade and guide you to the Soft Sweet Spring
19.
16
Note the sanitary fencing around spring
14.
The
16
many
and adjoining land
16.
1-4
20
waters
in
10
Congress
Emperor Spring in historic High Rock Park, showing newly constructed
bowl and famous Rock Scarp in background
Early morning patrons at Drink Hall for " Before breakfast " cathartic
11.
10
12
it
trolley station of the
10
at
Kayaderosseras Baths
Rest Room, Kayaderosseras Baths
The famous Congress Spring, restored by the State of New York and opened
to the public in June, 1915, upon completion of the handsome sunken
garden which surrounds
9.
Showing elevator and private
S
8
and
fiUing of bottles at the Soft
[4]
34
34
36
36
40
42
44
50
58
cover
�State of
New York
No. 18
IN
SRNATE
January
18,
1916
REPORT OF COMMISSIONERS
To
the Legislature of the State of
The Board
Xeiv York:
of Commissioners of the State Reservation at Sara-
toga Springs, pursuant to the provisions of Section 5 of Chapter
569 of the Laws of the State of New York passed in the year
1909, makes the following report as to the general situation and
state of the said reservation, the proceedings of the Board and its
'
receipts
and expenditures.
The Reservation owns, roughly speaking, 400 acres of land;
140 mineral springs, from which there flows daily 100,000 gallons which, if used, would result in an income to the State of at
least
$730,000 a year and a
profit of nearly
$550,000
;
maintains
in operation three bath houses; has laid out parks, walks and
driveways for protecting, beautifying and making easily accessible the springs and baths; has canned on business at a profit
during the past year and, if provided with facilities, equipment
and sufficient funds to approximately use to advantage the reclaimed waters, will make a great deal more money next year.
[5]
�[Senate
6
aippointment of present commissioners
On
the lOtli day of May, 1915, the Governor appointed the
undersigned, Frederick AV. Cameron, George C. VanTuyl, Jr.,
and Frank IST. Godfrey, Commissioners, in the place of George
Foster Peabody, Frank IST. Godfrey and Benjamin F. Tracy,
whose terms of office had previously expired and the newly ap;
pointed Commissioners, having duly
made and
filed their oaths of
met on the 15th day of May and organized by the election
W. Cameron as Chairman of the Board and by the
reappointment and employment of the supervising director, secoffice,
of Frederick
retary, counsel, consulting engineer
and
chem.ist.
Achievement of Former Commissioners
The incoming Commissioners found that the primary purpose
for which the Reservation was established, that of preserving
the natural mineral springs of Saratoga and restoring them to
their former natural condition, had been substantially achieved by
their predecessors in office. They found that the depletion of these
natural springs by the pumping of mineral waters from artesian
wells, for the
purpose of securing the natural carbonic gas which
the waters contained,
toration
years
;
had been halted and that the process of
res-
had been progressing during a period of about three
that springs w^hicli had not been flowing for a
number
of
years prior to that period had begun to flow again and that the
mineral waters which, when the springs
first
resumed their
flow,
were much below the noi-mal, were becoming stronger and gradually approximating the condition in which they were before the
process of depletion began
;
they found that the progress of the
recovery of the mineral springs had been carefully observed and
very complete records had been preserved, and that there was no
reasonable ground to apprehend that such progress W'Ould not
continue until the mineral water system reached once more
its
former condition of integrity.
Area and Subdivision of the Keservation
The new Commissioners
also
found that their predecessors, in
ordor to accomplish the purposes for which they were appointed.
���;
:
7
Xo. 18]
liad acquired, either bv appropriation
under the right of eminent
domain or by purchase from the owners, sixty-six separate parcels
or interests in lands, and that the total area of the lands so acquired amounted to about four hundred acres, divided into four
different, areas or parks, as folloAvs
High Rock Park (including Ked Spring;....
Congress Park
Lincoln Park
Geyser Park
and
that, in addition to the lands so acquired,
3.573 acres
3 081
.
100
"
321 .171
"
fjo
.
they had taken the
mineral water rights in other lands, having an area of 72.283
They had also been able, notwithstanding the slender
acres.
means
at their disposal, to
to the properties
make very
they had taken,
all
substantial improvements
of which were wisely di-
rected toward the accomplishment of the general purposes of the
Reservation
springs
;
— for the improvement
and better protection of the
for providing facilities for using the waters for drinking
and bathing
:
for the purpose of improving the methods of bot-
and increasing the business of bottling and selling the same; and for the purpose of conser^dng and marketing
the surplus carbonic acid gas from the various springs and wells
which would otherwise pass off into the atmosphere and be wasted
tling the w^aters
and
ties
also, incidentally, for
the purpose of laying out the proper-
they had acquired into park systems, making them accessible
by building roads through them and developing their
to the public
beautiful and unusual natural features and protecting the fine
forest growi:h
which covered a considerable part of their
area.
Plaxs foe Futuee Development
The new Commissioners
also
found that their predecessors had
conceived a carefully devised scheme for the further development
of the Resen-ation into a unified whole and liad formulated a
coherent plan of improvement, intended to promote the utilization
of the great mineral water resources, only an insignificant frac-
which had been hitherto utilized, and to enable the State
realize the great commercial value which they possessed, and
tion of
to
the people to obtain the benefit of their therapeutical efficacy.
�[Senate
8
This
gi-eat
progress toward the realization of the purposes for
which the Keservatiou was established had been accomplished bj
the constant, faithful, wise and disinterested efforts of the Honorable George Foster Peabodj, the Chairman of the fonner Board,
Honorable Benjamin F. Tracy, and their
associate.
Honorable
Frank X. Godfrey, who was reappointed by the Governor and
forms a connecting link between the original and present adminThe new commissioners found
istrations of the Reservation.
that their predecessors had given to the accomplishment of the
task assigned to them a very large portion of their time, the first
Chairman, Mr. Trask, being a resident of Saratoga Springs, and
the second, Mr. Peabody, having purchased a residence in Saratoga to facilitate his constant supervision of the
work and spend-
ing most of his time there, in an unselfish and patriotic effort to
advance the public
vation the best fruits
of public affairs
which were
;
and had given to the Saratoga Reserof their ripe judgment in the administration
interest,
that they
had studied the technical questions
work
closely connected with the prosecution of their
with great intelligence and had acted in the light which they derived
from
a comprehensive
knowledge of the development of
similar resources in European countries, as well as within the
United States; and that they had laid broad foundations upon
which the State may now erect a superstructure which will be
comparable with the great importance and value of the mineral
water resources of the Saratoga basin.
Work
Upon
found
CoNFROisrTiNG
the accession of the
all
New
Commissioners
new Commissioners
the energies of the Department
to office,
they
directed toward hasten-
ing the completion of the Lincoln Baths and remodeling the Kayaderosseras Baths, to meet the
already at hand, which
it
demands of the summer season
was expected would be
much
greater
than any before realized, owing to the European war and the
in-
Americans to resort to the foreign spas where so many
had been for years accustomed to go for treatment.
This well founded expectation had led the former Commissioners to undertake the conversion of the Lincoln Spring buildability of
�< ?
O
GO
����9
No. 18]
ing,
which had been
a carbonic acid gas plant, into a bath house,
and the acquisition of the Saratoga Baths property, an expensively constructed bathing establishment, containing an excellent
Turkish and Russian baths, but no adequate facilfor giving baths in carbonated mineral waters of the Nau-
installation for
ities
heim
type.
the former Commissioners had explained the importance of having these accommodations ready at the opening of the
Saratoga summer season and the necessity for an early appropria-
Though
tion of funds to accomplish their purpose, the appropriation
not in fact
was
until the 19th of April, and, in spite of the most
made
was impossible to open
the Lincoln Baths before the 3rd of July, and the Saratoga Baths
(now called the Kayaderosseras Baths) before the 10th day of
strenuous efforts to complete the work,
The
August.
it
failure to have the baths ready before the
summer
season was far advanced was a grave disadvantage and prevented
Even
the State from properly improving a great opportunity.
under the adverse conditions, the nimiber of baths given during
the summer of 1915 was fifty per cent, greater than the number
given the previous year which was itself a record.
The
lateness
of the appropriation entailed the further disadvantage of compell-
ing
all
the
work
to
be done in haste and, therefore,
less
econom-
and thoroughly than it might have been done if adequate
its proper accomplishment had been given; and some
minor matters, the very great importance of which was later deically
time for
veloped,
had
to
be omitted altogether.
Development Accomplished
These two bathing establishments enable saline effer\^escent
baths of different kinds to be given at Saratoga of efficacy equal
to that attained at
any European
resort.
The Lincoln Baths is situated about a mile south of Congress
Spring in the area known as Lincoln Park. The building is a
simple wooden structure without any ornamentation and devoid
The interior, however, is
of any attempt at architectural effect.
well arranged for the practical use to
which
it is
now
put,
and
all
the appliances are of the best kind though without pretension to
�[Senate
10
luxury.
to be desired from a theraThe mineral waters are stored under prescontainers in the manner described in the re-
equipment leaves nothing
Its
peutical standpoint.
sure in cylindrical
port of the Commissioners to the Legislature of 1915 (pp. 120,
and delivered
etc.)
siipersaturation
with a high gas content, showing a
greater than that usually attained at ^N^au-
to the tubs
much
heim and other foreign
The piping and
spas.
fittings are all of
copper or other noncorrosive metal, specially devised for this par-
and the tubs are massive porcelain.
ticular use,
heating the water
is
The method
of
the latest and best yet devised, especially de-
signed to minimize the loss of gas due to the process, and
its effi-
cacy in this particular has been demonstrated by careful experi-
Every appliance has been provided
ment.
most
efficacious administration of all the
The water supplied
Lincoln Spring and
carbon dioxide;
is
to the
to
accomplish the
mineral water treatments.
Lincoln Baths
is
drawn from the
adequately supplied with mineral
salts
and
saline content can be indefinitely increased
its
by
the addition of solutions of chloride of sodium and chloride of cal-
cium, as
is
done
at
I^auheim.
The Kayaderosseras Baths
are situated on Phila street, in the
Putnam Spring and a few
from Hathorn Spring ISTo. 1. The building was
heart of the city, on the site of the old
hundred feet
erected by
solidly
cotta
best
Mr. H. M. Levengston
and substantially
built,
and of pleasing design.
manner then known
at a very large expense.
It is
faced with pressed brick and terra
Its interior
was
fitted
for the purpose for which
it
up in the
was origi-
nally intended, with the exception of the administration of mineral
use.
water baths, which was a mere incident to
It
was
built at a time
when
its
contemplated
the highly corrosive action of
the mineral waters was not well understood; and all the piping
and appliances of the mineral water system had been so impaired
by the action of the waters as to render necessary their complete
replacement by a
new
system, constructed of noncorrosive mawork of this description carried on in a
completed building, was attended with much delay and difficulty.
After the old plumbing had been fully uncovered, it was found
that even the drain pipes which carried off the fresh water as
well as the mineral water were so corroded as to be unsafe and to
make it necessary that they should also be renewed.
terials, "vvhich,
like all
���Control Table. Rain Douche and Sitz Bath in Hydrotherapy
RooM at Kayaderosseras Baths.
����:
11
No. 18]
In the operation of this building it was found that the heat
evolved from the pipes conveying the steam to the tubs for the
purpose of heating the water was so great that in hot weather a
efficient system of ventilation was required for the comfort
more
of patients,
and such a system should be
In other
season.
faction in
its
respects, the installation has given entire satis-
operation.
to the Kayaderosseras
The water supplied
Hathorn Spring Xo.
ness of last
installed before another
1
and
summer; but
this
supply was
a substantial
Baths
is dra\\Ti
from
adequate for the busi-
addition to the business,
which will without doubt be realized during the season of 1916,
This
will require a substantial addition to the water supply.
must be obtained from more copious sources than Hathorn Spring
Xo. 1 and can only be secured by drawing upon some of the many
copious wells or springs at the Geysers, the flow of several of
which
is fifteen
or twenty times as great as that of the spring
which now supplies these baths.
The development of the Soft, Sweet Spring, which was described in the last report of this Board, was accomplished in the
manner proposed and its operation has been completely satisfacThis water was furnished to the several bath houses of the
tory.
State for the use of their patrons for drinking and was also extensively used throughout the city for domestic use during the
summer
season.
As
this bottling plant is
some distance from the
point where the shipment of the waters bottled at the Geysers
Park will probably be made, the necessity for better access to it
and the probable need of railway connections were so evident that
the former Commissioners appropriated a right of way which will
enable the Board in the future to put in a branch or siding on
which railway cars
may
be moved, as well as to extend the Ave-
nue of Pines
new
plant and afford facilities for laying pipe
to the
lines.
FuETHER Acquisitions of Lakds
The
predecessors of the present Commissioners in their last
report stated their intention to acquire several parcels of
farm
lands necessary properly to protect the water supply of important
springs, aggregating
some
fifty acres in area;
and
this intention
they carried into effect by the appropriation of nine different
parcels, as follows
�[Senate
12
Alfred B.
land belonging
of 2
—A
John
belonging
the
of 19.75
Second. — A
Sweet Spring property.
adjoining the
A. Shonts,
belonging
the
of TimThird. —A
of 10.17
mentioned parcel on the
adjoining the
othy
land belonging
Fourth. — A parcel consisting of 1.08
mentioned
Lewis Turner and adjoining the
Ellsworth,
of land of Laura
7.03
—A
producing mineral water.
containing two artesian
the Chief Nat—A
of land formerly belonging
4.48
Mineral Water Company, consisting
of
belonging
Seventh. — A parcel of land containing 1.6G
Ida
land belonging
Eighth. — A parcel consisting of 1.94
Loring Freeman.
of
consisting
0.923
Ninth. — A small triangular
First.
acres of
tract
to
Jenkins adjoining Geyser Park.
to
heirs of
to
acres
tract
heirs
Soft,
acres
tract
Driscoll,
north.
last
acres of
to
parcels.
last
J.
Fifth.
acres
tract of
S.
wells
Sixth.
to
strip
of
ural
acres
land.
acres
to
L. Just.
acres of
to the estate
of
parcel,
acres of
land, belonging to Jesse Stiles.
The Commissioners
also acquired a tract of 23.87 acres of land
formerly belonging to Samuel O. Smith, for the purpose of experimental work to determine the direction of the flow of the
mineral waters and other facts of fundamental importance in
deciding upon proper measures for conserving and protecting the
mineral water supply.
Immediately after the passage of the act appropriating funds
the former Commissioners also accepted the
option which they had previously secured upon the Saratoga
for that purpose,
H. M. Levengston, and at once
entered into possession and began the improvements that have
been mentioned as necessary to adapt the establishment to the
administration of medicinal baths; and shortly afterwards they
purchased the property adjoining the Saratoga Baths on the corner of Phila and Putnam Streets over which existed only an inBaths property, belonging
adequate right of
way
to
for access to the rear of the Saratoga
Baths property and the whole of which
is
likely to be soon re-
quired to accommodate the increase of business at the Saratoga
(now Kayaderosseras) Baths.
���'No.
13
18]
ReHABILITATIOJN' of CoiSGRESS SriiliSG
Many
people whose memories went back to the early days of
when she enjoyed the reputation
Saratoga,
of being the principal
watering place in America, refused to have contidence in the
expectation of her rehabilitation, or the measures taken by the
State for the restoration of the mineral water supply, until they
should see the old Congress Spring, the great foundation of Saratoga's
The former Com-
reputation and prosperity, restored.
missioners, therefore, believed
it
of great importance to the suc-
cess of their undertaking that the restoration of this ancient foun-
tain should be accomplished; and, at the time of their last report, they
were engaged
in drilling a well to intercept the sources
of the spring at a depth of between 300 and 400 feet below the
surface of the ground.
Further study of the hydraulics of the mineral water system
them to modify their plans for the new development and,
led
instead of erecting a building over
about the spring
its site,
or well, of sufficient
to
excavate a bowl
depth to afford access to
it
water under the
influ-
ence of the natural hydraulic head or pressure of the spring
itself,
low enough
at a point
without resorting to
water.
to obtain a flow of
pumps
or any artificial
means of raising the
The bowl
This has been most successfully accomplished.
has been carefully protected from an influx of the local fresh
ground waters, and careful provision has been made for carrying
off
the precipitation within
its
circumference, as particularly de-
scribed in the report of the consulting engineer, with the result
that never before in the history of the spring has
to obtain access to its
For many years prior
this spring flowed
it,
and
its
it
been possible
waters so easily and satisfactorily as today.
to the esitablishment of the Reservation,
below the
floor of the building
waters had to be brought up upon a
which enclosed
lift.
Prior to
was covered by a small building of Grecian design,
at a much lower level, and from a small depressed
which stood
that, its site
area about the tube of the springs, boys with long-handled dippers
were able
to reach the waters
and dip them up for service to the
was it possible for
the waters in the spring from any
public; but, under neither of these conditions
visitors to the spring to see
point of observation to which they were admitted.
�[Senate
14
the present arrangement, however, the public can de-
Under
scend to the point where the waters of the spring naturally flow
and see them entering, under the influence of their natural head,
into the open basin from which they are dipped and served to
This new and ideal arrangement
those who wish to drink them.
has many advantages beside arousing the interest and gratifying
the curiosity of visitors.
The
best devised mechanical contriv-
ances sometimes fail to operate in accordance with the intention
of those
to
who
install
them, but the forces of nature are always
be relied upon and do not have to be kept up to their work
by the hand of man.
Erection of Trolley Station
The Commissioners,
in
their last
report to the
Legislature
had acquired the property adjoining the Favorite
Spring on Broadway and adjacent to the Hudson Valley terminal, which was necessary for the proper development of the park
and terminal to be constructed and maintained by that company
under a lease of the land for that purpose. During the past year
a trolley terminal station has been erected upon the property, in
accordance with plans and specifications prepared by Ludlow and
Peabody, architects, of Kew York City and approved by the Comstated that they
missioners
;
and plans have been perfected for laying out the con-
tiguous land so as to harmonize with the park system on the opposite side of
Broadway.
This new building
is
beautiful in de-
sign, convenient for the operation of the trolley system,
and
so con-
structed as greatly to promote the comfort of passengers and to
make
access to Saratoga
more convenient and
shabby old structures that occupied
its
agreeable.
The
place have been removed,
and the surroundings have been rendered much more beautiful
and attractive than ever before. A reasonable income from the
investment of the State in the land thus occupied has been
as-
sured for a long time to come, and the indirect advantage offered
by the more convenient access to the springs and bath houses of
the Reservation will, without doubt, prove a substantial source
of increased patronage and consequent revenue to the State.
�K
��iVo.
15
18 J
Minor Improvements
The
ui)ei-atiuu of the installation at the
so satisfactory tliaf one similar in its
Congress Spring was
fundamental
idea, bnt with-
out the same elaboration of detail, has been constructed at the
Emperor Spring in the High liock Park and has resulted in
making the w^aters of the latter spring easily accessible to the
great number of people who go there to obtain them.
In addition to the construction of the new Lincoln Baths, the
former Connnissioners also made some substantial improvements
in the High Kock Baths, particularly in securing a more copious
water supply and a mineral water adequately charged witli carl)onic acid gas, which enabled them to administer baths of un-
doubted efficacy throughout the summer of 1915, often
to the full
capacity of the bath house.
Concurrently with the prosecution of the work upon the bath
was developed at Lincoln Park, as
houses, a fresh water supply
outlined in the report of the consulting engineer annexed to the
report of the Commissioners to the Legislature of 1915, which
has proved well adapted to the necessities of the Lincoln and
Kayaderosseras Baths and has made the swimming pools at those
establishments perhaps the most popular feature of the entire
as to call for
at a
for this waiter has been so great, however,
The demand
system.
an increased capacity, which can easily be secured
small expenditure.
The rearrangement
of the
in the last report of the
all
that
pavilion, described
consulting engineer, was completed be-
summer
fore the beginning of the
plished
Hathoni drinking
was expected of
it
season of 1915 and accomin the
way
of increasing the
(capacity for affording an adequate supply of the different potable
waters of the Reservation to all who wished to drink them. The
public response to this
new
provision of the Commissioners was
immediate and remarkable, the number of paid admissions during
the season being about double those of the corresponding period
of 1914.
As many
as 1,800 persons availed themselves of the
facilities thus afforded for
drinking the various waters in a single
morning and paid an admission fee of five cents each, in addition to the hundreds of people w^ho, at the same time, patronized
the free public service at the same pavilion and at different
springs through the reservation.
�[Senate
16
The many improvements to which reference has thus briefly
made and which the present Commissioners found in prog-
been
time of their appointment taxed their utmost "efforts
ress at the
to
bring to completion and
left
them no time
until after their
completion for the consideration of further steps toward the full
development of the mineral water supply.
Bathing Business
In the year 1913, the only bath house belonging
to the State
was a small structure known as the Magnetic Baths, situated at
High Rock Park. It was illy equipped with obsolete plumbing,
cheap and well-worn tubs, the mineral water supply for which was
delivered to
deprived
it
them by such primitive and
of most of
The Saratoga
its
ineffective appliances as
gas content before
it
reached the tubs.
Baths, then belonging to Mr. Levengston and
since acquired by the State, were
managed by
a lessee, with
whom
the Commissioners, in order to encourage the use of the mineral
waters for baths, made an agreement to furnish waters from the
Hathorn Spring No. 1 for bathing purposes for the nominal siun
of $100 for the season.
From the best information which the
Commissioners were able to obtain, the total number of baths and
special treatmeoits given in these establishments during the sea-
son of 1913 was 7,154.
The following
to the
year,
some inexpensive improvements were made
Magnetic Baths, having relation principally to the mineral
water supply, and the Saratoga Baths property was again rented
by Mr. Levengston to a tenant with whom an arrangement was
made for a mineral water supply similar to that of the preceding
year.
During the season of 1914, the number of baths and
special
treatments administered was 7,843.
In 1915, a further improvement in the water supply of the Magwas effected, which resulted in the delivery to that
netic Baths
In the
same year, the Saratoga Baths property was acquired by the
State, the improvements which have been described were made
to it, and it was opened for business on the 10th day of August
under the name of " Kayaderosseras Baths." The Lincoln Baths
were completed, as has been mentioned, and opened on the 3d
house of waters that satisfied therapeutic requirements.
���^
o
2 w
��No. J8J
of -Inly.
(liiy
iiuMils
1
17
;ill
ill
of
iiuniltfi'
iif^gTOgatc-
'I'lic
^iscn
lt;illis
trcat-
.sp<X!ial
;iii(l
(luring
('sl;il>liNliiiiciiis
tlics(!
year WUH
iJio
l,ii!)2.
I)uriiii!;
Ky
I);il;ilic('
llic.
was
llic
.s(;;is()ii
line
leas(^<l to
Icndcnl
doubt
cnal)i(;
1111."),
I.Mli
;i
wlicii
and the
nil
<>\'
(|;i\
lie
I
|»j)ri )|(fi;itc(|
it
Ilij^'li
was
;iii(|
a
ayadcrosscras
l\
carcl'iil
that,
;i
(Iccnicd
lio(;k
and
if
study of
dI'
l)l(i;
the
|)ro|)('r
waH found
Ikicii
;i
tJial.
to tllO fHir[)OHf;
Itatli
lioii,-:cs
to dost;
l\ayad(;r()Ssoras
until
llicni
lor
Haths were
(inipjoyf.'d as si]p(;riri-
pfttvions cnni
tlioro
ra'-t.
seems no reason
made hy the Legislature
the Commissioners to acquire and
tiie
pjil ic:i
situalion,
the appropriation
property and to convert
wjicii it
iJatlis iinijcr
tlic
lioiiscs vvfM'O (jjHM'iilcd
Icilli
Aiiiiiist,
Oscai' K. Stonstroin, wlio had
(if llic
|)on
I
;
nf
In cLiitiniic llic ojtcralinii
an"i\('(l
soasou
llic
IiiikIs
III
iiiii(l('<|ii;il<'
I
tlH3
to
tli(i
llic St;il<- iiiilil
Lincoln
relit
the Saratoga
to
i^atlis
Spiing building into the
Lincoln Laths had been available two months earlier, so that
the bath houses of the State could have been opened in the
all
month
much greater income would have been realized
and a much more rapid dcvclopuK^nt of the bathing business
would now be apparent.
of June, a very
The
total cash, receipts at the bath
houses turned into the state
treasury were $8,278.13, and a net profit over the cost of operation
amounting
to $2,006.47
was shown.
Business of the Bottling Department and DiiiNKiNo
Pavilion
Tlie business of operating the
and the bottling and
Hathorn Spring drinking pavilion
sale of the waters of the Reservation has
was acquired by the Commissioners for
the State, in the hands of Mr. Frank H. Hathorn and those who
have succeeded him under a lease terminable upon ninety days'
notice.
Mr. Hathorn was the only person at that time who had
an organization adecjuate to the handling of this business and
the courage to undertake it under the conditions which it was
found necessary for the Commissioners to impose. He was in
touch with the customers for the cathartic waters which had
survived the practical extinction of the springs and seemed to
the Commissioners more likely than anyone else to be able to
been, since the property
�[Senate
18
hold the remnants of the former business and to hay the foundations and promote tlje development of a great future business so
as to keep pace with the gradual restoration of the springs.
The
business at
In 1915 a net
first
was
unprofitable, but steadily improved.
profit of $8,742.69
was
realized
by the
lessee.
For
the year 1915 the State obtained a rental of $4,495.61.
Gas Business
JSTot
long after the properties of the gas companies were ac-
quired by the State and the drastic
pumping
of mineral waters
was stopped and the mineral water head began to increase and
the condition of the wells and springs to improve, many wells in
the Coesa valley began to flow again under the influence of the
natural hydraulic pressure; and the amount of mineral waters
discharged from them would have been sufficient,
if their flow
had
not been checked, to have arrested the process of restoration and
have prevented the springs within the former limits of the
These
village from ever having achieved a complete recovery.
to
wells,
however, were tubed, and the flow of water from
many
ol
them was checked but it was found that a large amount of mineral water and gas might be permitted to flow from them without
sensibly affecting the springs and wells in other areas and that,
in spite of all precautions, a large amount of carbonic acid gas
was constantly escaping into the atmosphere and being dissipated.
Under such circumstances, it seemed the part of wisdom to con;
serve this supply, which would otherwise be wasted; and an ar-
rangement was accordingly made with the General Carbonic Com-
pany
to
It is estimated
compress and market the surplus gas.
that this product is likely to
amount
much as
now paid,
to as
which, at one cent per pound, the price
a ton each day,
will produce a
very substantial revenue; though, with the present facilities for
collecting the gas and utilizing it, it is impossible to continue the
business during the winter months
when water
is
liable to congeal
and separators.
During the year 1915, the total revenue derived by the State
from the Eeservation amounted to $14,891.22.
Upon the expiration of the contract with Dr. Albert Warren
in the pipes
�19
No. 18]
fund applicable
Ferris, on the first of October, the
to general su-
perintendence of the Reservation having been depleted by the un
expected demands upon
for
it
money
the repairs and
new
Charles C. Lester accepted the position and
lion.
responsibilities
make
Kayaderosseras Baths to their
instalhitions required to adopt the
prc^sent use,
to
Curator, without salary,
of
and has since per-
formed the duties of that office.
The rapid advance which has been made toward placing the
Resei-vation upon the basis of an income-producer of great value
to the State has led the Commissioners to an earnest consideration
of the new steps that ought to be taken toward the further and
complete development of the great natural resources confided to
They have been embarrassed by the contheir administration.
ditions incident to the inception of all business undertakings,
an expenditure out of proportion to receipts, until the business has developed to a point where the income
This point, howis sufficient to carry the expenses of operation.
which require at
first
been reached in respect to each of the sources of revenue;
with increased use of the waters, the percentage of profits to
ever, has
iind,
gross receipts will constantly increase.
may
development
be had are
so
wide
The
limits within
as not to
which
warrant their pres-
ent consideration.
DEVELOPMElSfT
DEMANDED ON A LaeGE ScALE
A
conservative estimate of the quantity of mineral water that
might be drawn from the mineral water system at Saratoga with-
out causing
its
uct of at least
for baths,
it
depletion or impairment will indicate a daily prod-
100,000 gallons.
would yield
If this should be fully utilized
to the State a gross
income of $2,000
$730,000 annually, at present prices. The cost of operation of the bath houses would not exceed 25 per cent, of this
amount, and there would, therefore, be left an annual profit
If the water should be bottled and
to the State of $547,500.
daily, or
sold for drinking,
it
would produce an income
as gi-eat, or $7,300,000 annually.
at least ten times
The expense
of bottling and
marketing the product ought not to exceed 50 per cent of the
gross receipts.
�[Senate
20
Under proper management, the State would realize profits beyond the amounts derived from the sale of the waters, for their
use for bathing would bring in its train a demand for baths of
other kinds and many forms of treatment now given at European
spas from which additional revenue might be realized; and the
sale of the mineral waters in bottles would carry the sale of the
Soft, Sweet Spring waters of the reservation, of which there is
practically an inexhaustible supply, of a purity and softness excelling the best
and purest now on the market.
To attempt
to
figure on these possibilities leads to results of such great proportions as to challenge credulity.
If any doubt be entertained, however, as to the possibility of
z-ealizing great results on account of the lack of demand for so
baths and the use of such large quantities of water for
drinking, the results at some of the European resorts should go
many
far to remove them.
same mineral water zone
and Wiesbaden, and is in competition with them,
as Homburg
there are given more than 400,000 baths annually, and at the
three resorts mentioned the annual aggregate exceeds the maxi-
At
mum
Il^auheim, which is situated in the
estimate for Saratoga.
The mineral waters of Saratoga are
much better in quality.
waters, if we consider the fact that
similar to those at ISTauheim, but
As
to the sale of bottled
Vichy has exported
to foreign countries over 20,000,000 bottles
in a year, besides the
does not seem
ment the
to
enormous quantity consumed in France,
it
unreasonable to believe that with proper develop-
entire estimated supply of Saratoga waters,
amounting
100,000 gallons per diem, might be utilized in the near future
for bathing and drinking.
The waters from which
this great profit
might be realized by
run off into the adjacent
water course and be wasted, for the want of proper appliances
and facilities for their use. Hitherto, with the doubt whether
the State are
now being permitted
to
the mineral water system, once depleted by the exploitation of
the carbonic gas companies, would ever revive, hesitation to incur
a large expenditure for this purpose might have been excusable.
Hereafter, with the knowledge that the measures of conservation
have proved effective and that the depletion is being made good
���3g
t
<3
-1
Q
Q
^ O
��2^o.
21
]8]
returning to a normal and pennanent condition,
further delay to secure the advantages which this great and
valuable natural resource oii'ers and permitting it longer to run
and the system
is
waste wall be properly deemed nothing but a foolish and inexcusable neglect, on the part of the State government, of the
to
interests of the people.
Cost of Complete Development
For complete development, adequate for the proper protection
and utilization of the entire water supply, accesssories in keeping with those at the principal European spas, modern and
luxurious baths, an attractive and beautiful drink hall and anadequate park area for the exercise and amusement of those resorting to Saratoga for health,
it
is
estimated that an expendi-
Such an expenditure would
secure a development worthy of this, the most important group
ture of $2,500,000 should be made.
of springs in the world.
It is not necessary,
however, that this entire amount should be
would be much better to do the work
with a reasonable degree of deliberation and careful attention to
detail than precipitately and without due consideration.
In the three bath houses now owned by the State, there are
If these were utilized to their full
installed about 100 tubs.
capacity, they might suffice to give six or eight hundred baths
expended immediately.
daily.
To
It
fully utilize the water supply, there should properly
be installed at least as
This, however,
is
many
as are
now
not presently necessary.
in use at E'auheim.
The
largest
number
day during the past seathree times that number might be given
son was only 250, and
Therefore, although none of the
with the present installation.
of mineral water baths given in a single
present baths are as luxuriously appointed as the best of those
abroad, the orderly development of the reservation mil not re-
work of increasing the
Other things that are men-
quire the commissioners to enter upon the
bathing facilities for another year.
tioned later can also wait.
Drink Hall an Immediate
A
ISTecessity
very important part of the proper development will be an
Abroad, the drink halls are constructed
adequate drink hall.
�[Senate
22
with great elaboration of detail and rendered attractive by
tlie
Something of this kind is an immediate necessity at Saratoga. During the past summer as many
as 1,800 people have come to the Hathorn pavilion to drink the
highest architectural
art.
waters in a single morning.
The
previous year.
This
is
double the patronage of the
present facilities are inadequate and must
This can be done at small
be increased before another season.
meet the demands of another year by increasing the facilifor heating waters, procuring additional chairs and tables
cost to
ties
and utilizing fully the remaining space in the Hathorn pavilion.
A
far
more important
increase will be required, however, for the
season of 1917; and, by that time, the situation should be met,
not by any temporary makeshift, but by an erection as adequate,
dignified
and beautiful
as
portant resorts in Europe.
recommend
the site and details of such a structure.
A
The
Bottling Plant Needed
ISTow
business of bottling and selling the Saratoga natural min-
eral waters,
was
any that has been provided at the imThe commissioners are prepared to
which once were exported
practically extinct
when
forming the Reservation.
to every civilized country,
the State entered
upon the task
of
Since the condition of the waters began
to improve, the business has increased
and, during the past sum-
;
mer, the demand grew so rapidly as to exhaust the stock on hand
and make
it
impossible to
ances at hand.
fill
orders with the bottling appli-
all
These consisted of the apparatus the State had
taken with the different properties
the Reservation, which
was out
it
had appropriated to form
and had been largely out
of date
of use for a series of years during which the springs
present
much
greater and constantly
tled waters, a new,
had been in
With the
increasing demand for bot-
an exhausted condition, yielding no waters
fit
to bottle.
modern and wholly sanitary and economical
plant should be at once installed for the construction of which the
commissioners have selected a
ommend
site
and are
also prepared to rec-
the proper plans and specifications.
A
The supply
Storage System for Mineral Waters
of 100,000 gallons of mineral water
is
not required
for bathing at a uniform rate throughout a 24-hour period, nor
�23
No. 18]
]t is required during- a period of
throughout the entire year.
from four
to six
The
time.
Kissingen,
hours each day and principally in the summer
conditions in this respect are not unlike those at
Nauheim and Homburg
in
Bad
Germany, where similar
In the latter place the waters are stored in
waters are found.
an underground cylindrical reseiwoir under a pressure of two atmospheres or 30 pounds to the square inch. Some such storage
system
is
It is rendered
a fundamental necessity at Saratoga.
necessary for the further reason that the springs or wells that pro-
duce the mineral waters are quite distant from each other, being
distributed along a line three or four miles in length.
installation for bathing is practicable,
and
it
is
ISTo
greater
doubtful
if the
present baths could be operated to their full capacity, without
An
it.
adequate storage system should be installed at a central
point where the water
may
at the required place in
be kept under pressure and delivered
good condition as needed for use.
Fresh Water Supply
In
close connection
with the last mentioned topic
of fresh water for plain baths, Turkish baths,
etc.,
now
is
the supply
swimming
pools,
supplied by ground waters from Lincoln Park.
A
meet the demands of another
sea-
larger supply will be needed to
son and to adequately increase the capacity of the system will
require no great expenditure.
Bathhouse for Colored People
Embarrassment has already been felt in affording an equal use
Many patrons
of the bathing and other facilities to negroes.
strenuously object to using the same appliances and attendants
generally refuse to draw baths for and administer treatments to
patients of another race.
Fnder
these circumstances,
it
seems
very necessary to provide separate and equal facilities for both
but as the number of colored people applying for treatment
races,
is
not over one per cent, of the aggregate
present,
a large
it is
number
of both races at
not necessary to provide for the accommodation of
number
of colored people.
�[Senate
24
Minor Changes and Improvements
in
Bathhouses
After operating the bathhouses during the past season, some
minor changes and small additions
to the several plants
sary for convenient and economical
management and
seem necesthe comfort
of patients, such as improved ventilation, small changes or modifi-
and water systems, an additional swimming
cations in the steam
Park
pool at Lincoln
to
meet the rapidly increasing demand for
these very popular institutions
and other linen used in the
and additional supplies of towels
baths.
Public Parks
A
very necessary and important part of the development of the
Reservation
is
the construction of a park system on the lines of
those that exist at foreign spas.
Parks are not only necessary to
enable patients to take the exercise and out of door recreation
that
is
essential in connection with hydrotherapeutic treatment,
but they are also important in order to interest and amuse those
who accompany
patients to health resorts and
The
selves be taking treatment.
a
remarkable degree,
who may not them-
success of foreign resorts
is,
commensurate with the beauty and
in
at-
tractiveness of their public parks.
The Saratoga
acres,
State Reservation has an area of nearly 400
most of which
is
singTilarly
adapted to park purposes, com-
prising beautiful water courses, slopes
trees
and
possibilities for
wooded with grand
forest
wonderful development at small
cost.
The former commissioners were able, by the careful and judicious
use of the small sums placed at their disposal, to build very simple
roads and paths, bridges and other erections and to set out more
than 250,000
trees,
which, in the near future will enhance the
They
quadruple row
beauty of the Reservation.
which was planted a
also built
an avenue, along
of pine trees, extending from
the Geysers to Prospect avenue, within the former limits of the village of Saratoga Springs, a distance of nearly
two
miles,
which
connected Geyser Park with Lincoln Park, and both these parks
in turn with the streets of the village.
There has been planned, also, a system of measured paths for
upon different grades, to enable the adminis-
pedestrians, built
tration of the
famous Oertel
hill
climbing exercises for patients
�25
No. IS]
suffering
from diseases of the heart which are specially amenThese should be completed,
able to the mineral water treatment.
improvement and development of the
in a liberal way ana so as to compare favorably
as well as other plans for the
present park area,
with similar developments elsewhere.
Protective Measures Required
During the four years since the Commissioners
of the State
Reservation appropriated the lands that constitute the Reservation, they have accumulated a mass of data relating to the chem-
and hydraulics of the springs that exceeds all the informahundred years before. This is of vital importance to enable them to take proper measures for the protec-
istry
tion obtained for a
tion of the mineral water system.
In European countries, large
zones of protection have been thrown around the springs of the
great spas by governmental decree, which in this country, where
greater consideration
impossible.
There
given to the rights of private owners, are
no doubt that an area exists that ought to
is
is
be acquired by the State for complete protection, and this can
only be delimited in a satisfactory manner by further constant
study of the facts, which will doubtless
make
necessary the drill-
ing of several additional wells and the installation of apparatus
for measuring water levels and temperatures
observations and experiments.
made
for securing the
and involves many
A. liberal appropriation should be
most accurate data on
all
these matters.
Emergency Appropriation N^ecessary
The unexpectedly
large
sum
required
to
refit
the
Saratoga
Baths and renew the plumbing installation for the administration
of mineral water baths made demands upon the funds at the
command of the Commissioners which were not anticipated by
their predecessors when the work of renovating the newly acquired
This expenditure resulted
in a depletion of the fund for necessary improvements to property
and the cost of the current administration of the Reservation and
Saratoga Baths property was begun.
compels the Commissioners
now
to request the immediate ap-
propriation of the fund for expenses of this character, previously
specified
by them as the amoimt desired
the Legislature for such purposes.
A
at the present session of
special reason exists for the
�[Senate
26
immediate appropriation of this fund in the fact that the Saratoga season will open much earlier than usual, in consequence of
the date fixed for the meeting of the General Conference of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, which will begin
the
first of
which
is
May
sessions about
month of May. DurMay, 1916, between 3,000 and 4,000 people
also to be held in Saratoga in the
ing the month of
from
its
next, and the meeting of the State Medical Society
all
of
parts
the
country
will
be
in
attendance
convention, and the work of the State in the
this
at
development of the Saratoga waters and the facilities that have
been provided for their use in the healing of disease will thereby
be brought to the attention of
many
people, who, under
normal con-
would know little about them. If the bath houses are
then ready to accommodate the business which will be offered to
them, a great increase in the number of baths given and the
amount of revenue derived therefrom will be realized, and the
time hastened when the receipts of the State will be commensurate
ditions,
with
its
investment.
Throughout the country, at many places where mineral waters,
non-carbonated and inferior in therapeutical value to those which
belong to the State at Saratoga, exist, the individuals, corporations
and municipalities that o^vn them are developing them by liberal
expenditures.
The
city of Ashland, Oregon, has just issued $225,-
000 of bonds for such purpose. A corporation with a capital of a
million dollars is engaged in constructing bottling works at West
Baden, Indiana. The Wayne Baths have just been completed at
Detroit, Michigan, at an outlay of a half million dollars and other
similar developments are projected at Dawson Springs, Kentucky,
;
and San Antonio, Texas, upon a large scale. Shall the State of
permit private enterprise to seize upon such opportuni-
New York
ties in other
parts of the country while
its
own mineral water
resources, immeasurably superior in their character and potentialities for the production of revenue, in the face of such opportunities,
are permitted to languish
?
Spencer Teask Memorial
Soon after the accession to office of the present Commissioners,
there was unveiled a fitting memorial to the late Spencer Trask,
the first Chairman of the Board of Commissioners of the State
�Ttie Spirit of Life," hy Danifi. Ciifstfi: FRFxrii.
����The Late General Benjamin
F. Tracy,
Former Commissioner
��27
No. IS]
Reservation at Saratoga Springs, whose untiring labors contributed
in no small degree to the rescue
from threatened
extinction of the
natural mineral springs of Saratoga and the establishment of the
Resen^ation upon a secure basis where
it is
believed the mineral
water supply will forever be secure from any commercial exploitation that will be likely to
menace
This memorial,
its integrity.
a beautiful statue of an ideal figure representing the " Spirit of
by the distinguished
Life," designed and executed
Chester French, adds a great attraction to the
of the city
of Saratoga
Springs and gives
sculptor, Daniel
new park system
it
a
character in
keeping with the beautiful landscape architecture of Charles
W.
Leavitt.
Death of General Tkacy
A
few weeks later, another memorable event took place which
gloom over all who had been connected with the w^ork of the
Commissioners. This was the death of the Honorable Benjamin
F. Tracy, which, although it took place at the end of a long and
cast a
honorable career, saddened the hearts not only of his personal
friends and the
who had
members
of his immediate family but of those
participated with
him
in the
work
of establishing the
Saratoga Reservation and accomplishing the objects sought by the
Legislature
in
its
creation.
The present Com m issioners
en-
deavored to give expression to their appreciation of his important
part in the consimimation of this work by the following preamble
and resolution, which was passed
at their
meeting held on the 7th
of August.
Whereas, Intelligence has been received of the death of
Honorable Benjamin F. Tracy, for more than five years a
member of this bo^ard, which took place at his home in New
York City on the sixth day of August instant; and,
Whereas, It is our belief that these years of constant attention to the formation and development of the Reservation,
on the part of one whose commanding
gifts
had won for him distinction
abilities
and
versatile
as a soldier, a jurist
and
a statesman, at a time when his intellectual powers had
reached their highest maturity and his judgment had been
ripened by a long life of broad and varied experience, was a
principal factor in the successful accomplishment of the task
�[Seistate
28
assigned by the State to the Commissioners of the Keservation
at Saratoga Springs of preserving the mineral springs of
Saratoga and restoring them
to their
former natural condi-
tion; and,
Whereas, The
inflexible integrity of his character
was
others thai
mellowed by a kindliness and consideration for
have left fragrant memories of his service among all who Avcrc
associated with him in the prosecntion of the work -of this
commission
;
therefore
it is
Resolved, That
we
record in the minutes of our proceedings
our deep sorrow at the death of one to
whom
the State
greatly indebted for his invaluable and unselfish labors
;
is so
whose
always cherish and would fain perpetuate
so long as there remain citizens of our State to enjoy the
fruits of the service which he rendered his fellow citizens,
memory we
shall
freely and without hope of pecuniary reward.
Departmental Reports Appended
Appended
to this report will
tary of the Board,
be found the report of the Secre-
stating in detail the financial transactions of the
past year and its present financial condition; also the report of
Mr. Charles G. Anthony, C. E., the consulting engineer, describ-
ing particularly the work of his department during the past year
and the matters which should engage the attention of his depart-
ment during the coming year;
Herbert Ant, the chemist
;
also a similar report
also a report
from Mr.
from Dr. Albert Warren
Ferris, superintending director, setting forth the medical side of
Board and the importance of the Saratoga waters
medicinal remedies also a supplemental statement by Honorable
the
as
work
of the
;
Charles C. Lester, covering the advance made during the past
year in securing a knowledge of the hydraulics of the mineral
water system and the genesis of the mineral waters.
�No. 18]
29
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY
December
I'o the
Honorable, the Commis.'^i overs of
31, 1915.
State Reservation at
fJie
Saratoga Springs:
In presenting
tlie
Commission
financial statement of this
year 1915, I beg
tlie
first to call
we have turned into the State Treasury
$14,891.22, which is made up as follows:
this
year the
Receipts from bathing business
Net
profits
ISTet
profit
for
to your atteiition the fact that
sum
of
$8,278 13
from bottled waters and drink
from gas sales
3,751 19
hall
1,G07 02
1,254 88
Miscellaneous receipts
$14,891 22
Total
an income which might readily have been added to, and by a
handsome sum, had adequate facilities for the use of the mineral
waters been seasonably provided
of
the appropriation
for
and caused many patrons to
business
was
to
make
its
opening until Augaist 10th,
see^k
Ad-
treatment elsewhere.
also lost in the bottling plants by reason
of insufficient machinery
iences
but, unfortunately, the lateness
the purchase and remodeling of the
Saratoga Bath House delayed
ditioaial
;
possible
and the absence of operating conventhe
bottling
of
water during the busy summer months.
larger
The
quantities
of
receipts of the
bathing business as shown above represent the gross or gate
receipts, against
which we paid out from our regular appropria-
tions operating expenses of $6,271.66, leaving a net profit
the operation of our three bath houses for the
$2,006.47.
sfile
The
summer
from
season of
State realized, therefore, a net profit from the
of bottled waters
and gas and from the operation of bath
houses uf $7,364.68, an excellent result to be realized practically
at the inception of the
business
when
the crude working facilities
with which we have at present to contend are considered.
�[Senate
30
Bathing business.
business for the past
forget that, through lack
was necessary for the 'Commission to lease
on August 15th, the Kayaderosseras and High liock Bath
of appropriations,
out,
In considering the receipts of the bathing
summer we must not
Houses.
The
it
done
total business
at the three bath houses for the
summer months, ending on October
1st, amounted to $10,459.85,
compared with $5,230.44 during the same period in 1914, or an
increase this year of $5,229.41, practically 100 per cent.
It is interesting to note that at the Lincoln Baths, a building
converted into a bath house during the present year, the gross
receipts for the season (July 5th to
September 15th) amounted
$5,715.48, or a little over one-half of the total business.
to
This
indicates very forcibly the quick response of the public to improved
conditions,
and proves beyond doubt the confidence of the people
of the country at large in the virtues of these natural waters and
of their desire to avail of
them
but offered the opportunity.
if
During the summer season a total of 10,350 treatments were
which 5,793 were given to females and 4,557 to males.
These figures do not include the patrons of the outdoor swi mm ing
given, of
pools.
Bottled waters and drink hall.
With an expenditure
of but
$1,660.83 for advertising, this business shows an increase in gross
With a natural de^
sales fur the past fiscal year of $9,325.53.
maxid in existence for the cathartic waters a further substantial
increase will imdoubtedly be shown during the coming year
Some imwithout any increased expenditure for advertising.
provements are necessary before this business can be largely
de\^eloped,
among which
a
new
bottling plant
is
of first im-
portance.
Patronage in the drink hall shows an increase in revenue of 64
per cent, by which gain one can
more readily appreciate
this year's
increased patronage of the mineral water supply.
Gas
sales.
Eeceipts from the sale of surplus carbonic acid gas
for commercial purposes, which cover but a period of seven months,
represent the converting into profit for the State of another of the
natural resources
of this
Eeservation,
and indicate a further
financial possibility for the State on its investment.
Sanitary drinking cups.
The
introduction of individual sani-
tary drinking cups in the drink hall and at the free stations has
�Ri;^tr
Vl
^
l'^
j|^
r-
;
ifcl
����31
No. 18]
met with the
fullest approval of the public.
The
extent of this
business can best be expressed by the records of this office for the
suninier season in the matter of cup sales, which are as follows:
CUPS SOLD
Hathorn No.
Drink hall
81,977
1 free station
73,700
Congress Spring free station
57,158
Columbian Spring free station
Hathorn No. 3 free station
High Rock Spring free station
12,854
8,808
2,301
Lincoln Spring free station
1,315
Soft Sweet Spring free station
1,196
417
Geyser Building free station
239,726
Total
Tlie
number
of cups sold
we
estimate to represent but one-
third of the total patronage at these springs; as, following the
custom in vog-ue
at the foreign spas, a large percentage of patrons
bring their cups with them.
At the Soft Sweet Spring and
at
other springs in isolated sections of the Eeservation, the sales are
small on account of the necessity for locking
wh^n
T>lants are
up cup machines
not in operation to prevent their being damaged
by mischievous or malicious persons.
Condition of Appropkiations
The only appropriation made for this Commission by tha Legislature of 1915 was that by Chapter 335 of the Lav,'s of 1915,
in the amount of $99,000, derived from the sale of bonds, for
the acquisition of the Saratoga Bath House and to rest(n-e in
part the moneys paid out from the original Land Fund as inFrom this, and from ihe original
terest upon claims settled.
Land Fund referred
to,
we have
a balance, as of October
1,
1915,
of $101,534.10, to be applied in settlement of the claims uf
property owners whose lands have been taken for the Reservation,
made by the Court of .Claims to the
Company and the Victoria Spring, incorporated,
including the awards lately
Lincoln Spring
�[Senate
32
amounting
interest.
to
The
$176,590.83
and $25,000,
necessity for a
incoming Legislature
is
respectively,
besides
Land Fund appropriation by
tlie
apparent.
Our working appropriation by Chapter 252 of the Laws of
1914 while showing a balance at the present time of $7,439.45,
will be practically exhausted on January 1st, after j)aymeni is
made of our December bills; therefore, if we are to continue our
work, and prosecute our plans for an early opening of the 1910
season, demanded by the large conventions to be entertained in
Saratoga during the month of May,
it is important that we secure
an emergency appropriation from the 1916 Legislature during
the month of January.
In order that our annual report may conform with the Fiscal
Year of the State, I am appending a list of disbursements only
to
October
1st,
instead of for the calendar year, while the re-
ceipts are given for the eutire year, in order to
tion for the opening statement of this report, but
show justificawhich will be
changed next year to accord with the Fiscal Year.
Respectfully submitted,
LOUIS W. l^OLAiND,
Secretary.
�33
No. 18]
REPORT OF THE CONSULTING ENGINEER
Decembek
To
15,
1915
the Ho7iorable the Cominissiuiiers of the State Reservation
at
Saratoga Springs:
The year
ress the
just passed lias witnessed the
most important prog
development of the Reservation has experienced.
ing this year most of the data collected during the
first
Dur-
four years
of the Commission's existence has been put to practical use.
In the last report of the Consulting Engineer, mention was
made
of several contemplated improvements, and a detailed de-
scription
was given of most of them.
As
practically all of the
contemplated work has been completed since the last report was
submitted, the present report must of necessity deal with the results
obtained during the season's operation of the completed
structures.
Before any of this work was contemplated, during a period
of four years of the Commission's existence, a series of observa-
and experiments was systematically prosecuted. The many
complex factors entering into the constitution of the Reservation
were diligently studied, and the characteristics of all the springs,
The best expert
both physical and chemical, were determined.
The aid
advice was obtained, from Europe as well as America.
Board of Health was solicited, and a chemist and
of the State
bacteriologist was detailed for experimental work on the Saratoga
tions
waters.
In connection with
this investigation I
made
a visit to Europe
1913 and spent considerable time abroad, investigating the
bottling works, drink halls and bathing establishments at Vichy,
Kissingen, Bruckenau, Saline, Wiesbaden, ISTauheim, Homburg,
Harrogate and Bath. All of the work completed last year and
in
covered in this report
is
a direct outgrowth of the exhaustive
investigations inaugurated by the
pointment by Governor Hughes.
2
Commission soon after
its
ap-
�;
[Senate
34
Lincoln Bath House
The Lincoln Bath House is perhajjs one of the most gratifying
At the time the
results of this year's work of construction.
European war developed, the Commission faced a new problem
of furnishing bath facilities for Americans who were no longer
able to visit the foreign spas and receive the benefits to be de-
rived from their waters.
I reported to the Commission last year that, with the expenditure of a moderate
sum
of
tions to the old Lincoln
into a
good bath house.
money
for improvements and altera-
Spring Building,
it
could be converted
This building was one of the old struc-
was originally used for liquefying
and marketing COo gas derived from the mineral waters.
This bath house was completed in June, 1915, according to
designs and specifications drawn by the Engineering staff of the
Reservation Commission, and approved by the Commission and
tures taken by the State, and
the State Architect, and
As was
to be
was opened for business July
expected in operating for the
first
2,
1915.
time a new plant
involving principles that were untried, a few minor difiiculties
Most of the equipment was of a special deThe entire plant
and tried out here for the first time.
could be looked at in no other way than as largely experimental
yet the results obtained were very gratifying; and I believe that
I can conscientiously say that in no other place in the world can
were experienced.
sign,
a carbonated bath be
at the
found equal in strength
to those
provided
Lincoln Bath House.
was so far beyond our
ex-
pectations that the mineral water supply proved inadequate.
It
The patronage
is
of this bath house
absolutely imperative that our system for drawing and storing
mineral water be enlarged, so that we can adequately care for
the increased patronage to be expected during the
son.
coming
sea-
I consider increasing the fresh water supply and enlarg-
ing the mineral water supply to be two of the most important
undertakings that
confront the
Commission
;
and
it
is
abso-
lutely imperative that these two water systems be finished at the
earliest possible
Spring.
moment
after
work can be commenced
in the
�P5
����35
IS]
>^o.
swi mining pools, surrouuded by dense slirub-
The two outdoor
licry,
a veha^ty lawn and a sand conrt, constructed at the Lincoln
Bath House, proved very popular, as was predicted last year.
In fact, during the month of August they were worked beyond
capacity, and new dressing booths should be added to take care
of the increased patronage to be expected for next season.
time the Commission advocated the construction of these
swinuning pools, we were alive to their dangers; and precautions
At
tlie
were taken
to'
construct adequate safeguards.
The
great importance.
The
fact that these
from a hygienic standpoint
pools proved a success
is
a matter of
bacterial count on these pools varied
This
from
an important
75 to 300 bacteria per cubic centimeter.
when we consider that bacterial counts in city Avater supplies
is
fact
as high as 5,000 per cubic centimeter are found.
These excellent
Essenresults were obtained by means of a refiltration system.
''
" means nothing more than circulatrefiltration
tially, the term
ing the pool water through a
filter.
Kayaderossekas Bath House
The appropriation
the Kayaderosseras
Commission
the
to
time they desired.
for the reconstruction
Bath House was secured
and o(iuipment of
too late to enable
open this bath house for pul^lic use at the
It was finally completed and opened to the
was well advanced.
Judging from the results at the Lincoln Bath House, the Kayaderosseras Bath House would have had a large patronage during
July, had we been able to complete the alterations in time, and
public on August tenth,
after the season
the delay resulted in substantial loss.
Considerable trouble was experienced in the construction work
at this building owing to the fact that the building settled considerably, necessitating the removal of a great number of pipes
and a large amount of shafting, and also the retiling of practically
all
Another imforeseen and unavoidable reof these troubles was to cause the Commission to run consid-
of the bath rooms.
sult
improveerably over the Engineer's estimate of the expense of the
complete a character and
ment. The equipment, however, is of so
the results ol^tained there last
Summer were
so
uniformly good
�[Senate
36
that, regardless of the
vestment has pro^'ed
expense entailed by the Connnissioii, the
itself a
The growing patronage
supply at this point
wise one.
at the
year proves conclusively that
in-
Kayaderosseras Jiath House this
we must
increase our mineral water
also.
High Rock Bath House
The
results obtained at the
High Rock Bath House
for the
year 1914 were uniformly good, and the installation as it existed
at that time gave a supersaturation of gas in the water of 33 per
more than was regarded as necessary to secure
effect sought; and it could be said that the baths
cent, or 8 per cent
tJie
therai>eutic
then given at this bath house were superior in this respect to
those at Nauheim and Bruckenau and equal to those at Kissingen
and Homburg. However, it was deemed advisable to make some
changes in equipment in order to increase the supply of mineral
This was done early in 1915, immediately after the comwater.
pletion of the High Rock pit, and there was never a shortage of
mineral water there during the following season. I recommend,
however, to the Commission that an auxiliary system be installed
at the High Rock Spring, in order that no such mischance as
the breaking of a
pump
or the disabling of a motor
may
result in
a shortage of mineral water at the bath house.
Soft Sweet Spring Bottling Works
In
my
last report I
gave a complete outline of the construction
contemplated to develop a pure sweet water spring on the Res-
was constructed and placed in
Being a new plant, certain,
operation during the year 1915.
minor troubles were experienced, but were soon remedied, and
now I think it is safe to say that the Commission possesses a
ervation.
The plant
so described
plant capable of delivering a large supply of pure, sweet, whole-
some water, free from any sign of bacteria or pollution. The
bottling works proved very popular, and were visited throughout
the summer by many people.
I believe that the Commission is to be congratulated on the
fact that no plant in the United States is putting a superior
water on the market. The accompanying photographs give a very
���'I
.«niiyg|l^
£»
��37
No. 18]
good idea of the precautious takeu to preveut coutauiinatiou, aud
I believe they will prove to the critical as well as the casual observer that the plaut
is
most complete and sanitary.
Congress Spring
The work begun
in
1914
to reclaim the old
Congress Spriug
was satisfactorily completed in 1915. Considering the fact that
was the most important and best known spring Saratoga ever
this
possessed,
it
can be said that
its
reclamation
is
one of the most
important things the Commission ever accomplished.
To
recover this spring
it
w^as necessary to penetrate to a
depth
what w^e found to be unThis work w^as accomplished, the
usually hard and flinty rock.
old Congress Pavilion was removed, and a sunken garden, with
velvety lawns and beautiful red Roman stone steps, leading down
of
to
300
feet,
through
layers
of
a level of fourteen feet below the surface of Congress Park,
was constnicted.
The
flow of the spring
but three quarts per minute.
had increased
At
when
first
reclaimed was
the end of the season the flow
to seven gallons per minute.
The
increase in flow
did not decrease the mineralization of the water, which contains
about 6000 parts per million of soluble mineral salts. This sunken
garden about the Congress Spring proved one of the most popular places on the Reservation, as many as 10,000 people visiting
the spring daily during August.
will
show the
The accompanying photographs
artistic results obtained.
The constniction about this spring is of the same character as
that at Homburg, but on a more elaborate scale and of a more
One of the most interesting features is the
difficult nature.
method used in removing storm w^aters from the lower levels of
The bottom of the depression is several feet below
the garden.
the adjacent w^ater courses, and the water is removed by means of
two large centrifugal pumps, capable of discharging 800 gallons
This system
of water per minute, and operated automatically.
worked successfully throughout the season.
Retubing Wells
Dr. Haertl of Bad Kissingen called the attention of the Commission to the fact that the iron eastings and tubes in our wells
i
�;
[Senate
38
and springs were not
efficient,
and that European spas had been
veiy successful in using copper or phosphor-bronze for these
At Kissingen and Bruckenau
purposes.
I found the wells tubed
and cased with phosphor-bronze, an alloy of tin and copper only
while at l^auheim, Weisbaden, Homburg and Vichy pure copper
was used. It was found to be impossible to procure phosphorbronze of the proper amalgam in this country
ful study of the situation,
we decided
;
and, after a care-
tube the wells at Saratoga
to
with pure copper.
At present
the following wells have been supplied with copper
tubing: Hathorn
Hathorn No. 2, Coesa, Orenda, Geyser,
Minnonebe, Congress, Emperor and High Rock.
The results
IsTo.
1,
obtained have been uniformly excellent.
Reakkangement of the Hathokn Building for Use
Deink Hall
At
the beginning of the year 1915,
it
was found
that the
as a
Com-
mission had neither a suitable site for a drink hall nor sufficient
site or erect such a structure; and the
Hathorn Pavilion was therefore remodeled to
meet the pressing need for a modern and conveniently equipped
drink hall.
A large multiple drinking fountain was erected in
the building and a new marble counter was constructed from
funds to procure such a
interior of the old
which could be served the various mineral waters bottled in the
In addition to the multiple drink-
Reservation's bottling plant.
ing fountain a
warming
could be served
table
warm on
was
installed, so that
physician's prescriptions.
ing table proved very popular, and
its
mineral water
This warm-
capacity should be trebled
meet next season's demands.
ornamental partition was designed and constructed in order
in order to
An
to
provide better facilities for visitors at the free entrance.
This
proved wise, as thousands of people visited the free entrance
throughout August, each day,
who
could not have been accom-
modated under the former arrangement.
building,
also,
The appearance
of the
was improved and rendered more pleasing and
inviting.
Park Development Work
I
am
fully convinced that
proper financial success unless
no bathing
it is
resort can attain to a
surrounded by parks properly
�I
39
yo. JSJ
The value
designed and extremely attractive.
water treatment
is
water, but also to
of the mineral
due not only to the curative properties of the
the release from home, professional and social
duties which is secured by a visit to a health resort.
logical aspect
must be considered and provided
for.
The psychoThese facts
were no doubt considered by the Commission when they persuaded the village authorities to provide the unique and beautiful
park in the centre of the
selves created the
towai,
and likewise when they them-
High Rock Park,
still
much
too small, the
Lincoln Park of sixty acres and the Geyser Park of two hundred
fifty acres, with its exceptional natural advantages of scenery
and varied forestation.
The Commission accomplished much with the small fund for
park development at their disposal, but unusual efforts should be
made during the coming year to effect a development of the park
system adequate to
fit it
for the important part
it
will be called
upon to play in the creation of a great health resort.
In order to beautify the grounds adjacent to the Lincoln Bath
House, considerable planting should be done next year, and it is
also desirable that additional work be done on the plantation and
on the walks and roads in all of the Reservation parks, all of
which I consider to be of unusual importance in the proper development of the State's possession
at
Saratoga and
to the
ultimate
success of the whole enterprise.
Scientific Obsekvations, Tests and Experiments
In 1911 the Commission started a series of observations and
experiments on the wells and springs on the property included
with the State Reservation to determine the effects of pumping,
and changes following
its cessation.
All of these have been con-
tinued throughout the year, and efforts have been
make
made
to secure
this possible a port-
In order to
power plant and a Keystone drilling machine w^ere
purchased by the Commission for the use of the Engineering
Department. Immediately after securing the driller, an experimental bore was commenced on what is known as the Smith Propadditional scientific data.
able gasoline
erty.
The results of this experiment are shown in the Chemist's
The portable power plant proved very useful to the
Report.
�40
[Seaatic
department and was in operation on various projects carried on
by the engineering staff.
.
Summary and Recommendations
I trust that
it
apparent from the above report that during
is
the period covered
by
made
this report the engineering staff has
steady progress in solving the varied and complicated problems
of the Eeservation, and in executing the designs approved by the
The
Commission.
progress of the Reservation has not been such,
we can compare it favorably with the development
spas abroad.
The managers of European spas point
however, that
of similiar
with pride to elaborate casinos, bath houses, drink
halls, bottling
works and palm gardens, located in the midst of elaborate park
systems in such a manner that the visitor
Thus
and delighted.
is
at once impressed
the elaborate and expensive development
proves to be true economy and renders natural rescources productive of great revenue to the State.
I venture to suggest that a bottling works be at once constructed
at Saratoga Springs.
There are so many waters of merit within
the boundaries of the Reservation, and so constant a
demand
for
them, that a bottling works equal in beauty and efficiency to that
at
Poland Springs or White Sulphur Springs is a real necessity.
A large and complete drink hall should also be .constracted.
The bathing
present
facilities, as
A
demand.
completely furnished,
they exist, are capable of meeting the
new and properly
is
elaborate bath
house,
essential to the ultimate success of the
development of the mineral waters and the realization of the
profits they are capable of producing to the State.
Our
scientific
investigation has proven beyond a doubt that
the mineral water springs have substantially recovered from the
effects of the
exhaustive
pumping
panies in the past, and that there
is
carried on by the gas com-
an ample supply of excellent
The
right
remains ior the State of
ISTew
carbonated mineral water, equal to any in the world.
foundation
York
is
to erect
surely here.
upon
it
It only
a suitable superstructure.
Respectfully submitted,
OKAS.
G.
ANTHONY.
CoJisnUififj Enr/inprr.
���No. 18
41
1
REPORT OF THE CHEMIST
Decembek
To
the Honorable,
The Commissioners
I'd,
11)15
of the State Reservation:
Since the creation of the Reservation Commission at Saratoga
Springs, the line of chemical investigation has been contined to
weekly or monthly partial analyses with less frequent complete
analyses of the various springs. After a period of four years of
observations made by the engineering staff in co-operation with
the staif of chemists of the State
deemed necessary
Department
of Health,
to establish a laboratory wherein a
more
it
was
exten-
and experimentation might be taken up. In
June of 1914, a laboratory was equipped for this purpose and
sive line of research
during the period that has since elapsed extensive construction
work coupled with the increasing demand for Saratoga bottled
waters and for better facilities for giving mineral baths has added
many other duties and problems to the routine of the chemical
The construction of the Lincoln Bath House with
outdoor swimming pools, the renovation of the Kayaderosseras
laboratory.
its
Baths, the construction of a modernly equipped plant for the
bottling of the Soft Sweet Spring Water, and the recovery of the
old Congress Spring have
tion
all
presented
new
fields for investiga-
and study.
Bath Houses
The new Lincoln Bath House, the Kayaderosseras and the
High Rock Baths were all open for the summer season of 1015
and furnished carbon dioxide mineral baths of any desired
strength according to the prescription of the physician. Complete
mineral analyses of the different bath waters were furnished s«>
as to facilitate the prescription of baths by the nunlicnl profession.
During the past summer
at all of the bath houses courses of
baths following the treatment at ISTauheim were administered with
the Saratoga waters and occasionally, under the direction of a
physician, a brine w\as used reinforced by the addition of sodium
and calcinm chloride. Tt is a question yet to be decided by the
�[Senate
42
medical profession whethei- the addition of reinforcing
salts is
advantageous or necessary for the best results from the '* Xauheim
System of Baths." AYhile there is plenty of evidence to show that
the baths given
at
Xauheim with their stronger brines have
we have had simihir gratifying
accomplished gratifying results,
experiences with weaker brines at Saratoga.
Perhaps the experience that we have had is not suilicient for
us to say that we can accomplish equally good results with weaker
brines, especially, in the face of the long history of cures recorded
with re-inforced waters.
at foreign Spas, effected
to me, that with the great successes
this subject.
If
we
The
way
it
seems
it
is
are to give strong brine baths, by the
addition of salts to our Saratoga waters,
scientific
But,
experienced
profession to get definite scientific data
essential for the medical
upon
we have
we must add them
in a
so as not to destroy the efliciency of the gas bath.
dissolving of large quantities of salts in the bath results in the
loss of
much
to fifteen or
gas and reduces the supersaturation from thirty-five
twenty per
cent.
The Chemist
aiid
Chief Engineer
have devised an apparatus that will furnish the salts required, in
whereby the gas content of the bath
The supersaturation of gas is the most
solution and under pressure,
can be maintained.
important feature of the
Nauheim
At the High Eock
new water supply had been
system.
Baths, in the early part of the season Avhen
a
installed,
there
was trouble
in
obtaining baths that were clear and yet had the required gas content; but this condition
was soon corrected and
a fine bath
was
administered during the rest of the season.
At
all
of our bath houses, clear effervescent baths, perfect in
their physical
and chemical
characteristics,
and I might
say,
from
the information I can collect, superior in appearance to those
all
at l^Tauheim,
turbid
were given.
when drawTi
The waters
at ISTauheim are red
in the tub resulting
there
is
from the separation of
While
by the escape of gas during long storage.
apparently no complaint offered at Nauheim on
iron caused
and
this ac-
count, at Saratoga people have refused to get into a bath that
has been in the least discolored from similar causes.
The outdoor
lar
pools at the Lincoln
and very well patronized.
Bath House were very popufor these pools was fur-
The water
���IS'o.
43
18]
from two large cisterus containing pure spring water.
By reason of a somewhat limited supply it was impossible to keep
a steady flow of fresh water running through the pools at all times.
But in order to provide a pure, safe water a system was installed
liislied
cause the constant circulation of water from the tanks through
a filter, where the w^ater was purified, and then back into the
The total
Bacteriological tests were made weekly.
tanks again.
to
count of organisms per cubic centimeter ranged from 75 to 350
when the
filter
was working properly.
The Soft Sweet Spring
The Engineering Department early in
the new bottling house for the marketing of
water.
This plant
the Spring completed
the Soft Sweet Spring
equipped with every
is
modem
appliance for
The
the perfect sterilization of bottles and cro^vlls.
bottling and
carried on under the direct supervision of the
sterilization
is
laboratory.
Bacterial and chemical control
continually exer-
is
cised in order to assure a pure soft drinking water of the highest
sanitary quality.
The following
the sanitary
is
of
analysis
the water
made
July 29, 1915.
Nitrogen as Nitrites
trace
Nitrogen as Nitrates
0.10
006
Nitrogen as Free
Nitrogen as
NH3
Albumnoid NH,.
type
not
present
2 50
in 10 cc. volumes
10
Chlorine
Count on
gelatine 4 per cc
.
Oxygen consumed
Alkalinity
Total solids on evaporation. ...
water
tested.
70.00
Total hardness
This
Bacteria of the Coli
.008
.
compares
69.00
112.00
favorably
with
the
best
soft
spring
waters on the market today and needs only proper advertising 1^
increase its sales and make it a source of large revenue to the
State.
The Congress Spring
The
restoration of the old Congress Spring has been a long
need of the Commission, inasmuch as its water was so popular
and generally known to people throughout the country. By the
use of the most scientific methods available, this spring lias been
felt
�[Senate
4:4
restored and a sunken garden built around
beauty of Congress Park where
of this spring, samples of rock
it
it
adding mucli
were taken from each of the
made
ferent strata encountered and a complete analysis
The water
was
of the well
is
dif-
of each.
tested every five feet, both for mineral
and gas content; and the best vein of water was
without doubt
to the
In the recovery
is situated.
the old Congress vein.
The
selected
which
flow at first was
quite small, amounting to only three quarts per minute; and this
August when suddenly it inseven gallons per minute and then decreased to five
which rate it is now flowing.
rate of flow continued until late in
creased to
gallons at
In the construction of the Sunken Garden, great volumes oi
ground water were encountered and pumped out continuously
enable the work to proceed.
In doing
this,
the equilibrium of
was disturbed and the
the suri*ounding ground water
level of the
mineral water in the Congress bore was greatly lowered.
ever,
to its
upon completion
of the
to
all
How-
work the water gradually returned
former condition though the change could not be noticed
imtil the latter part of
August and was not completed
When
early part of ISTovember.
until the
the increase in flow was
first
was detected leaking through between the floor
and the side walls of the Sunken Garden, showing that the ground
The gas
water was rising and resimiing its normal condition.
content of this spring ranges from a supersaturation of 45 per
cent to 54 per cent, making a carbon dioxide water exceeding any
in the village in strength, and equaling some of the stronger
mineral springs in Geyser Park. The complete analysis is listed
observed, water
in the table of analyses further on in the report.
Recently a label from an old CongTess Spring Water bottle was
brought to
me and my
ysis printed on
to
it.
attention
was
Underneath the
called to the complete anallabel
was
a
statement that
each gallon of Congress Spring Water there was added 2S0
grains of sodium chloride.
from
After deducting this
salt
addition
and comparing our presI found the two waters were practi-
the total salt stated in the analysis
ent Congress water with
it
cally identical.
SAriTii
Welt> Test Boke
The Commissioners have long desired a clearer knowledge of
the jreneral mineral water basin in the district surrounding Sara-
�:
;
46
No. 18]
more with regard to the general How ol
the mineral water. All data at hand at the present time seem to
point to the eonelusion that the llow of brine is from the south
and west and that in its flow northward through the dolomites or
calciferous sandstone additional salts, such as lime and magnesia
At Ballston, waters containing the strongest
are dissolved.
brines are found carrying in them the smallest proportions of lime
and magnesia salts. Approaching Saratoga a decrease in sodium
chloride is noted with an increased proportion of lime and magtoga Springs aud
to
learn
nesia salts until, in the village of Saratoga Springs
itself,
are
found waters with the highest proportions of lime and magnesia,
and the smallest sodium chloride content. A small piece of land
was secured a short distance to the south and west of Hathom No.
which is furthest south and strongest in its chlorine conany of the Saratoga Springs, in order that a test bore
might be made to secure further data. This bore was made and
water far from the ordinary and contrary to all expectations was
The bore is a six inch bore 490 feet in depth, and the
secured.
i spring
tent of
same method of investigation was used
bore.
The rock encountered
shale,
rich in
to the
as in
making the Congress
depth of 370 feet was a soft
hydrogen sulphide gas; and from that point
the bottom were foimd siliceous limestones.
When
to
the drilling
was stopped the dolomites had just beg-un to appear.
Tests were made on the water every ten feet to the bottom
and at no point was there found a chlorine content of more than
108 parts per million, ^vhile the alkalinity was 4250 parts, or
equivalent to that of
Hathom No.
2 spring.
A
complete analysis
of the waters of this spring showed the presence of nearly 4000
parts of sodium bicarbonate and the entire absence of sodium
The absence of salt is probably due to the fact that the
chloride.
bore was not carried to a point below the dolomite formation
where the brines are usually located and the large bicarbonate of
so.da
content might have been formed from the reaction of car-
bonaceous material upon the sulphates in the shale as follows
Na.S04+2C=Na.S-f CO.
Na,S +
Na^COa
H...CO..;=]Sra,CO, + H.S
+ H,C03=2NaHCO,
�[Senate
46
Tho sodiimi
CO2
siilpliide at first
formed
is
rapidly converted by
in solution to sodium carbonate and hydrogen sulphide; and,
upon further addition of carbonic
acid, the carbonate is converted
into bicarbonate as in the last equation.
The
gas found in the
water upon analysis shows carbon dioxide with some hydrogen
sulphide and traces of hydrocarbons.
now shows
as it is
The
analysis of the water
a water quite like the French Vichy.
In comparing the analysis of the Smith Well with that of the
French Vichy, it was observed that certain salts, such as potassium bicarbonate and sodium chloride are found in the French
In the Smith Well
Vichy, while potassium chloride is absent.
there
is
amount
a
a small
amount of potassium bicarbonate, a fairly large
sodimn chloride. Although
of potassium chloride and no
comparison of these analyses shows different elements in com-
bination with the sodium and potassium in the two analyses, I do
not believe that these differences really exist in the waters themselves,
but that the variance
is
due wholly
to the
methods of
cal-
culating the probable combinations of the different elements as
found iTpon
analj'sis.
Many
making such computations,
methods have been used in
would be hard to find identical
different
so it
by any two chemists for the same water, unless the same
method of calculation happened to be' used by each. The methods
results
of the U. S. Geological Survey are used in this laboratory, and
are the most satisfactory for the computation of analyses of such
waters as
To
test
we have
at Saratoga.
the accuracy of the method, water
from the Smith
and a study of the crystal
Well was examined
forms made. No sodium chloride crystals could be found after
miscroscoj)ically,
the examination of several slides, while potassium chloride crys-
were very distinct. This result agreed with the compounds
computed, and showed that the chlorine should be assigned to
tals
as
the potassium
first.
If this method had l)een used for the combinations in the
French Vichy, potassium chloride would have been tabulated with
the potassium bicarbonate, but no sodium chloride.
It
would be interesting
dolomite and see
to carry this bore
down through
met with at
ground waters from the mineral by impervious rock or
conditions
the
would be encountered and if the
present are due to the separation of tlie
if the brines
clay.
�47
No. 1«]
Relations
There
is
11
of Guoua'ij Watejjs to Minekai, Wateks
li*
a peculiar relationship between the ground waters and
mineral waters at Saratoga Springs
village,
Tlie district south of tlie
extending from the Lincoln tract to Coesa Valley, has a
distinct line of division
between the two water systems.
line of division is a stratum of clay in
This
most places and an im-
pervious rock stratum in others.
At
the Lincoln the ground water
is soft
and very low
in chlo-
rine content, as are all the surface springs to the south to the
is from this water table
from mineral. However, the mineral
and is almost entirely free
springs found in this district are the stronger mineral springs
These facts seem to prove that there is little
of the Reservation.
or no percolation of ground water into the mineral and vice versa.
In the village where the mineral fault outcrops and runs nearer
the surface, we have a very different condition. Here the weaker
Our
Coesa Valley.
Soft Sweet Spring
mineral waters are to be found and harder ground waters.
Of a series of twelve fresh water springs, nine of which arc
Park and three in other sections of the town,
the lowest chlorine to be found was four parts per million, the
T'he
rest ranging from twelve to seventy-eight parts per million.
nonaial chlorine for this district should not be more than 1.50
located in Congress
parts per million.
rock, in being
so that there
In the village there
pushed up
is
is
but
to the surface, has
little
been
clay
split
;
and the
and
rent,
every opportunity for the admixture of mineral
with ground water and ground water with mineral. The strength
of the mineral springs depends upon the thoroughness with which
these two water systems are separated
from one another.
Complete analyses of the following springs have been made durGeyser, Minnonebe, Hathorn No. 2, Orenda, Soft
ing the year
Sweet, Putnam, Gurn, Crystal Rock, Royaneh, Flat Well No. 2,
:
Lincoln, Hathorn No.
1,
Patterson and Congress.
Some
of these
are tabulated in the following table.
Respectfully submitted,
HERBERT ANT,
Chemist.
�[Senate
48
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��.
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.
.
40
No. ISJ
Analyses of Representative Waters
op^
the Reservation
Bath Waters
CHEMICAL combinations
Ammonium
chloride
Lithium chloride
Potassium chloride
Sodium chloride
Potassium bromid
Potassium iodid
Sodium sulphate
Sodium metaborate
Sodium nitrate
Sodium nitrite
Potassium bicarbonate.
.
Sodium bicarbonate
Barium bicarbonate
Strontium bicarbonate.
Alagnesium bicarbonate.
Calcium bicarbonate
Ferrous bicarbonate.
.
.
.
.
Mangano manganic
.
.
.
.
.
oxid.
Alumina
Silica
Total solids
Date
I
k
of
.
.
.
sample
September,
1915
May,
1914
�[Senate
50
REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDING DIRECTOR
To
Commissio tiers of the State Reservation
the lLu)ionil)le, the
at
Saratoga Syrings:
Gentlemen: The
confident expectations
of those
who had
studied the subject here and in foreign countries were realized
during the past year, when the eyes of many invalids were turned
toward Saratoga Springs, and a large number of patients presented themseh'es for treatment, by means of the internal use of
the mineral waters, and also to a large degree by their use for
upon the restoration of the natural springs, as
Commission in pursuance of your statutory duties,
effected by your
as stated in the enabling legislation of the past few years.
baths, consequent
Allusion has been
made
in previous reports to the difficulties re-
from individual ownership of springs, to the keen rivalry
was displayed, and to the fact that in by-gone years few peo-
sulting
that
ple used the mineral waters rationally, or for a definite period
under medical guidance.
With
the organization effected by your
Commission, accurate prescription and accurate administration of
the waters was largely secured this year, with the result that wide
benefits were enjoyed by the patients who came to Saratoga
Springs for treatment.
The season for treatment of patients, while increased somewhat from last year, is still very brief, lasting only from the first
of June until the latter part of September. These limits are somewhat determined by custom, by the usual vacation periods, by the
need of a modern year-round hotel, and by the discontinuance,
early in September of some of the principal and favorite railroad
trains.
-Tune,
year.
There have been few patients seeking treatment during
although it is perhaps the most delightful month of the
Last July was unpreeedentedly rainy and somewhat cold,
thus deterring
many who would
otherwise have taken advantage
of the State's provision at Saratoga Springs.
With
these facts
mind, the very large number of treatments given is the more
encouraging and somewhat surprising to the average student.
in
At
the
High Rock Bath House, between May 30 and September
���51
No. IS]
li',
the dates
of"
the
opciiiiij;"
closiiii^'
;iih1
of this ostaWisliiuent,
there were 4,010 treatments giveJi, consisting of mineral baths and
verj few yaragiitoghie (Nauheim style) baths, since no provision can be made for the proper handling of patients desiring
a
the latter style of baths, in the absence of rest rooms and com-
parative quiet.
At the Lincoln
JJath House,
between July o and September
li>,
the dates of opening and closing of this house, 4,440 treatments
were given, including Plain Cleansing Baths, j\Iineral F)atiis,
Saraghtoghie Baths (Nauheim style), Neuro-vascular I'raininir,
Colon Irrigations and Massage.
A
Nauheim style of baths was given,
who had previously been treated at
able because of the condition of
considerable
in
many
nnmber
of
tlu;
instances to patients
foreign spas, no longer avail-
war which
prevails throughout
Europe.
Bath House, between August 5 and C)ctober 1, 1,540 treatments were given including the same variety
as already enumerated for the Lincoln Jiath House, omitting Colon
Irrigations and adding Eliminating Treatments by means of the
In all, 10,312 treatments
Electric Light Cabinet and Douche.
At
the Kayaderosseras
were given during this very brief portion of the year.
This
is
but an indication of the need for the provision the State has made,
and of the future increasing popularity as well as the widening
area of medical assistance to those who can benefit by the use of
The question arises: How wide is the
natural remedial w^aters.
The answer can be reached only by examining into the
The effect of modstatistics of those interested in life extension.
need?
ern
a
life
upon the average
day laborer or
individual, whether an industrial worker,
a brain worker,
is
generally damaging.
Im-
proper habits of eating, disregard of exercise, curtailment of sleep,
and the use of brain and heart stimulants (such as tea, coffee,
alcoholic beverages
and tobacco) combine to cause deterioration
Many
of the conditions that are usually considered
''
disnecessary penalties of age, in fact mast of the so-called
to be
entirely preventable causes and
eases of old age," are due to
earlv or late.
aiiencies.
The
preservation of efficiency and the acquirement of
depend very largely u])on hygienic habits of living,
formed in earlv vonth. If the formation of these good habits
longevitv
�[Senate
52
be neglected, orgauic impairuieiit will certaiuly be apparent in
the third decade of life and increasingly thereafter, in a large
proportion of the popnlatiou.
be possible in
many
may
Relief and partial restoration
methods of living
cases; bnt only if proper
are institnted, and if the deteriorating tissues are relieved of the
action of toxic and other agencies which liave been at work to
produce the impairment from which the individual is suffering.
Dr. Eugene L. Fisk, of the Life Extension Institute of N'ew
York City, presents an iiiteresting analysis of physical examina-
(foremen and skilled workers)
in the Ford Motor Company, Detroit, side by side with the results
of 1,000 examinations of employees of banks, trust companies and
tions of 1,000 industrial workers
commercial houses in
^N'ew
York
City.
Following
is
the com-
parative table, abbreviated
Perfect
Imperfect
Commercial
1,000
1>000
Employees
Average Age
City
N. Y.
Detroit
Ford Industrial
32 7 yrs.
.
•
00%
27 yrs.
1
%
•
:
Advice needed regarding physical condiReferred to physician for treatment ...
Of those referred to physicians there
69.
%
%
were aware of impairment
Advice needed regarding living habits or
but immediate
condition,
physical
10.
15%
100.
tion or living habits
.
31.1%
treatment not required
%
%
99.
81.
11
54%
.
17.7%
Moderately Impaired:
Referred to physician for treatment and
report sent to physician
No physician or none given. Urged to
seek medical treatment or guidance..
22.9
%
18.5
%
39.9
%
58.
%
3.6%
2
%
2.5%
2.8%
Seriously Impaired:
Referred to physician for treatment and
report sent to physician
No
physician or none given.
seek medical treatment
Urged
.
to
CLASSIFICATION OF IMPAIRMENTS
Ford
Impairments
Heart
•
Industrial
3.5%
Arteriosclerosis, thickened arteries
24.65%
Slight thickening of arteries
or low blood pressure
23.
High
29
.
1
%
%
New York
Commercial
16.2%
42.4%
26.
%
�I
No. 18]
53
.
Impairments
.
:
Urinary, allmniin, casts
Combined urinary and other serious con-
45.6
39.8
72.3
Nervous
Lungs
Minor to Moderate:
Functional
.
pulse
(rapid,
21.0%
)
Urinary
14 8
%
%
%
%
%
%
20. 8
26 6
.
Digestive disturbances
9
Constipation
.
14 7
.
Anemia
.
Errors in diet
Errors in personal hygiene
increasing
%
.
1.1%
2.9%
5.7%
circulatory,
slow, irregular
3
%
%
%
24
26.6%
ditions
Total urinary or circulatory conditions.
An
%
number
54
4
.
1
50.5
of clinicians
.
7.3%
17.2%
2.7%
59 8
.
54.
convinced that
is
%
%
%
%
many
heart and arterial degenerations are due to the toxines produced
in the digestive tract through errors in diet
We may
cise.
and disregard of exercombine in our
therefore, in the table quoted,
consideration the percentage of individuals suffering from arteriosclerosis,
slight
thickening of
arteries,
digestive
disturbances,
and errors in diet. From this consideration- we
comprehend the importance of diet and of the avoidance of
the production of poisons within the body which may impair the
vital organs.
The startlingly early age of impairment of the 2,000
constipation,
easily
persons examined and analyzed appeals to every reader.
It will
be noted that the Ford industrials average 32.7 years of age.
while the accounting and commercial house employees average 27
yeans of age, none of the industrials being in perfect health and
but
1
banks,
per
cent., or
etc.,
10 of the entire group of 1,000 employees of
being unimpaired.
The United
States
Commission on industrial
relations investi-
gated nearly 1.000.000 industrial workers in this country, and
ascertained that the
to
wage earners
suft'er
nine days of sickness per year.
similar investigations in the case of
trial
workers, and they
may
an average of from eight
Similar figures result from
German and English
be considered as correct.
indus-
Estimating
and placing the average cost of
medical sei-vices at one dollar per day, the annual loss would
amount to over $800,000,000, since there are approximately
the dail>'
wages at two
dollars,
30,000,000 wage earners in the TTnited States.
�54
The average
of
human
in this country a
[Senate
life is increasing.
It has
over forty-live years.
little
now reached
Outside of the
United States of America, eleven countries show an average
The gain
longevity of over fifty years.
four or
fi.ve
hundred year term when
last
in longevity has averaged
years in a century, until the
The inference from
commencement
of the
increased nearly fifteen years.
it
studies of this sort
must he that
can be brought nearer to the natural condition, and
if
if
life
natural
and natural methods of treatment of ailments can be
employed, the deteriorating influences of modern life can be
diminished and a great contribution be made not only to longevity
but also to efficiency and happiness.
foods
The method
of treatment of diseases at Saratoga Springs,
by the
possible
made
installations of the State for the utilization of
the healing waters,
and perfected by the co-operation of
local
physicians in adapting to the individual applicant the use of
mineral waters internally and externally, consists of a system
including without exception
diet,
exercise,
rest,
and
diversion
mineral water, internally or externally, according to the necessities of
the individual as determined by an exhaustive examina-
tion.
The work
and
life extension.
waters,
the
impaired function
is
a matter of life preservation
In the cases suitable for treatment with our
deteriorating influences
from
nated
of the State here
and
system
is
are curbed,
their
poisons
production
are elimi-
prevented,
is
who must
many cases, of
and a new lease
largely restored, and the patient
return to an environment that does not admit, in
any change,
of
life,
is fortified
with new habits of living
so that his cfiiciency
To meet
and his
loiigevity are increased.
a need growing with startling rapidity your
sion very wisely placed
Bath (our ISTauheim
Commis-
more emphasis upon the Saraghtoghie
style of bath) for certain heart, arterial
and
incipient kidney diseases, uising our natural mineral water with
much
success during the past season, in the cases sent to us for
this variety
facilities as
of treatment.
It
were possible for
was important
to
provide such
this use of our waters, as far as
your limited funds permitted, while awaiting an appropriation
for the construction of the elaborate State Bath House,
the
Commonwealth must without question eventually
erect.
which
The
�Xo. 18J
55
High
littlo
Ivufk
lious^o,
I!;iili
iu(>;igi'e,
and very
wliieh
plain,
your predecessors acquired with the property- that inchided the
neighboring springs, serves its modest and very limited purposes
as far as possible.
J'he
renovated and well
adequate provision
from town, for
Lincoln J5ath House, consisting of the
('i|uii)i)(Ml
at
an
the cxcclh
old
income
iit
i>iiicoln
nieiit
work
that
Spring House, made
point somewhat
remote
was accomplished there
tlirongh the help of ('x[)eri(Miced and skilled bath snpci'iiitcndcnt
and attendants.
i^'acilities
were provided by private enterprise
and a jitney bus was run through the town and to the Lincoln
The planting of trees and
Bath House several times daily.
flowering perennials improved the somewhat crude appearance
of the surroundings, and the outdoor
swimming
pools, eagerly fre-
quented by the young people, served to attract and perhaps to
anchor families that might not otherwise have come
for treatment.
Phila
The purchase
street, the
of the Levengston
Kayaderosseras Baths, which cccui-ed so late in
the season that the extensive changes,
improvements and
tions could not be completed until the first
and furnished
w'ise,
demand
An
have
to this point
Bath House on
at
week
in
installa-
August, was
once facilities necessary to meet the initial
of 1915.
essential point in connection with our bath houses is to
at
hand without
ch^lay a larger ([uantity of
than can be delivered to the bath houses directly
mineral water
from the respec-
tive springs.
The Lincoln Bath House was supplied
l)y
the
Lincoln and
Pierian Springs, both containing a high supersaturation of carbonic acid gas, and sufficient for the needs of the applicants last
season.
will
expecting a reasonable increase, these wells
ISText season,
be overtaxed and unless the bath day be
hours, the supply
Avill be insufficient,
pumping during the
The Hathorn Xo.
if
few
upon
restricted to a
reliance be placed
day.
Spring water, which is conducted from the
spring in the Hathorn Building, where part of it flows in a bowl,
to the Bath House one block distant, will not afford, without
1
water to supply the needs of all the bath tiibs
in the house should they be in use at once through incretised
It is, therefore, essential that an arrangement be
patronage.
pumping,
sufficient
�[Senate
56
made
at the earliest possible date lor storage
high grade of mineral water, which
may
under pressure of a
be collected during the
night and be in readiness to be conducted into the Lincoln and
Kajaderosseras Bath Houses during the day, affording an abundant supply,
if
the bath day be lengthened by giving very early and
very late treatments, as
is
desirable
and may become absolutely
necessary.
Provision should be
made as promptly as possible for the
number of free baths and a very large
administration of a small
number
of baths at very low rates, in order that the faiiner, the
artisan and the mechanic,
whose purses are not
overfilled,
may
enjoy at the hands of the State the relief that the Commonwealth
affords,
and
to
which they are
entitled.
It
must be repeated with
emphasis that the water storage, one of the several necessary
expenditures mentioned in the report of the Engineer, should be
reckoned as of prime importance and be
Our
must now be turned
considered.
first
wide extension of
and alkaline" Drink-Hall " was constituted by
ferruginous waters. The small
setting off a part of the Hathorn Spring Building, furnishing it
with attractive and comfortable tables and chairs, as well as with
a counter for the service of several mineral waters, and also a
multiple drinking fountain at which the patient may help him-
our
attention
facilities
for drinking our
to the
alkaline-laxative
This hall was over-
self to either of three different spring waters.
taxed during the summer, our records showing that during August
day entered through the pay entrance, while the vast
number that frequented the portion of the building freely open to
1,700' people a
was not enumerated but exceeded
the public,
ings of this nature.
It is
such waters as the State has restored and
east of the
wisdom
all
previous gather-
simply a statement of plain fact that no
Eocky Mountains, and,
is
bottling can be found
therefore,
it
is
the part of
provide as early as possible, an ample, comfortable
" Drink-Hall " equipped with ample means for utilization of these
to
waters by drinking in order that a large
benefited,
and
and that the income
number may be
to the State
may
early
be as prompt
as large as possible.
"Vast
numbers
of persons
who cannot be
considered actually
but who, being generous diners of sedentary habits,
ill,
suffering from
�No. J8J
57
and probably
loss of vigor
" torpid liver/'
may
wecure relief by
taking a definite course of drinking- the water which
suited to their iiceds, neutralizing such acidity as
is
is
especially
present in
their tissues, securing the elimination of toxins that have formed,
at the
same time
that they arc pursuing a course of proper diet,
out-of-door exercise, regular hours for sleeping and baths,
Many
benefited
if
pre-
by their physicians.
scribed in addition
from ailments which are commonly
by sodium chlorid waters, such as rhinitis and pharyn-
others are suffering
the conditions loosely called catarrh of the stomach, and
gitis;
catarrh of the
duodenum
toxaemia called
'"
;
intestinal stasis, with the
auto-intoxication "
joint cartilage denominated arthritis
;
;
accompanying
the nutritional disease of
and
lithiasis,
which
is
a sys-
tematic condition due to tardy or incomplete transformation and
excretion of acid products.
The presence
in
some of our drink-
ing waters of considerable proportions of lithium chloride, in
them additionally useful, for this salt thus
even if w^e deny the former claim that
At all events, our alkaline-saline waters
it is a uric acid solvent.
are useful in gout and to prevent gout, and to aid in expelling
largo dilution, renders
administered
is diuretic,
urinary concretions, for such
is
the long experience of Dr. E.
Heinrich Kisch of J^ragne and Marienbad, with waters of the
same
class.
Our water
is
prescribed hot,
warm
or cold, or some-
times mixed with milk, according to the individual's needs, generally a half
hour before breakfast, and
in quantity six to forty
Accurate dosage and exact use with regard to the
meal or meals should be demanded of the patient. It may be
well to add that much larger facility for serving hot mineral
ounces a day.
waters
is
imperatively needed and the small cost of this additional
installation should be early considered.
The
saline,
our waters into alkaline-laxative, alkalinealkaline-ferruginous, and table waters remains as set forth
classification of
in the small separate
pamphlet published, though there
is
a varia-
tion in proportions of mineral constituents from time to time.
This we must deem natural, when we consider that new secondary
pores and solution channels are foi-med in the rocks by the erosive
water, which decomposes and brings to the surface such solnble
mineral deposits as
it
encounters.
�[Senate
58
The chemical
is
most
analysis of the product of the Experimental Well
interesting, since
it testifies
that this
new water
contains
no chloride of sodium, and that much more than half
dis-
its
This water
solved constituents consist of bicarbonate of sodium.
bears an analogy to the water of the celebrated Grande Grille, of
Vichy, France, the most famous and most used Vichy water ex-
Vichy
Celestins are widely marketed and better known.
Here the product
cept in this country.
spring
A
known
as
three
the
of
small table showing the hypothetical combinations of the
in-
gredients of the two waters affords easy consideration of this
interesting and valuable
Chemical combinations
Ammonium
new
Saratos-a water.
Saratoga
Experimental
in milligrams per litre
26 752 82
chlorid
.
Lithium chlorid
Potassium chlorid
Sodium chlorid
Potassium bromid
Potassium lodid
Sodium
Sodium
Sodium
Sodium
Sodium
.
161 15
.
Vichy
Grande
Grille
none
none
none
none
16 00
.
3 00
.
534.
none
none
291.
sulphate
trace
metaborate
trace
trace
nitrate
trace
nitrite
trace
none
none
3979 62
1 48
4SS3.
1070. 40
bicarbonate
434.
.
Potassium bicarbonate
Calcimn bicarbonate
4 28
Bariimi bicarbonate
Strontium bicarbonate
.
none
trace
3.
333 85
826 34
.
4.
.
Ferrous bicarbonate
Magnesivmi bicarbonate
Ferric oxid and alumina
Sodium phosphate
333.
211.20
•
•
•
•
Sodium arseniate
•
130.
•
32.00
Silica
6533.29
Total
It is earnestly
7036.
hoped that further examinations of the Experi-
mental Well will prove that the spring
and that the How will be considerable
treme value
352.
.
;
for
may
its
be easily
water
Avill
pumped
be of ex-
as a veritable alkaline in dyspepsia, joint disorders,
acid diathesis, derangements of the urinary bladder and inflam-
matory deposits of certain kinds.
���No. 18]
59
that liave alrcadv
Iiiquirios
forniation
treatment
()l)tained
diiriiiii-
increased bath
hrvn received, together with
iii-
from physicians who had patients nndor
the past Snnimer, lead
clioiitc'h',
lis
to expect a
hirgely
and render absolutely necessary the early
construction of a ciMu-rete reservoir for the storage of mineral
designed by the Kngineer and already mentioned in an
water,
earlier part of this report.
Another construction of immediate
necessity comprises the enlargement of the l.incohi
to
Jlouse
IJath
extend the wing used for male patients and provide increased
and more rest room acconnnodation, as well as a porch
accommodation of visitors and those awaiting patients
under treatment, which 1 have suggested shall be built across
the driveway from the entrance to the bath house and connected
by a sheltering roof.
facilities
for the
An
exhibit
was arranged for the rananui-Paciti(! Exposition,
covering a small part of the space previously assigned to the
Ainseum for geologic specimens and really forming a part
and valuable display made by Dr. John M.
Clarke, Director of the Mnseum and State Geologist.
Owing to
the very small amount of money which the l!s^ew York State Panama-Pacific Exhibition Commission felt it could apportion to us,
a very modest presentation was made, but preparations ^vere ample
State
of the extended
for the distribution of several thousand copies of annual reports
and other literature by means of which method wide publicity was
given to the work of the State in this Eeservation.
at the
Our
exhibit
Syracuse State Fair, lasting one week in September, was a
repetition of the one
attracting as
made
last year,
occupying the same space and
wide and favorable notice
as then.
Close relations have been maintained with the members of the
who have been considered as
physicians, in many respects, for
Saratoga Springs ^Medical Society,
forming a Board of consulting
all
developments of medical features have been discussed with
In 1898, Drs.
them.
Hernnmn and
their work. Mineral ^y<^fers <nu]
follows
:
medical
and
this
"
The knowledge,
men
Parks Weber wrote, in
F.
llcnJIli
capability,
Resnrls of Europe, as
and energy of the
local
contribute largely to "the success of Spa treatment,
factor
must always be taken into considei-atiou when
With the exception of a few whoso
seeking a Spa for patients."
�[Senate
60
practice is largely or entirely surgical, deep interest and devotion
have been the prominent attribntes of the majority of the local
physicians.
Dr. James H. Honan,
many
who has
practiced at
years, acceded to the request of
Bad-Nauheim
your Director, and
for
deliv-
ered two lectures in Saratoga Springs upon the use of alkaline-
As
saline waters externally.
a result of a
movement
begiin nearly
two years ago the annual meeting of the Medical Society of the
State of
New York
will be held in Saratoga Springs on
May
15-
upon which occasion a representative body of physicians
from all parts of the State will be present and will examine into
the work of the Commonwealth here, in restoring the mineral waters and providing for their utilization.
18, 1916,
Your Director has
delivered a variety of addresses at the fol-
lowing towns upon the restoration of the waters and the State's
conservation
work
here,
at
times
including the
geology
and
chemistry of the matter, at times emphasizing features that combine to render Saratoga Springs a desirable and attractive health
with
resort,
therapeutic
the
healing
attraction
Fortress Monroe, Va.
;
:
waters
as
Scranton
Hartford, Conn.
;
and center of
basis
its
and
Penn.
Philadelphia,
Westfield, Mass.
Schenectady, Saranac Lake and ISTew York,
IST.
;
Troy,
Y., as well as at
Saratoga Springs before mixed audiences of adults, students
the Skidmore School,
who
at
are largely nonresidents, and four hun-
dred grammar school students residing in our
city.
Materials for some periodicals have been furnished to various
magazines, notably Travel, and to the s-ections of general information published as part of various
Sunday newspapers.
Articles
written specially for the publications mentioned have been con
tributed by your Director to the Iniernational Year
New
Booh and
the
International Encyclopedia, the Bulletin of the Merchants'
York City,
The Medical
Association of ]^ew
the Beal Estate Magazine,
Modem
PicJcwich,
Hospital,
etc.
Reading
The
notices
concerning the springs have been inserted by him, without cost
to the
Commission, in over twenty medical periodicals during the
year, besides articles in local newspapers here and in Albany, for
the purpose of informing visitors and those
seek knowledge of the springs and their uses.
from
whom
visitors
�;
No. 18]
61
i'amplilets of information n^gardin^- the State waters for drink-
ing and bathing have been distributed to
all
physicians registered
Cuba; in Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Santos
and Sao Paulo, Brazil; in Antofagasta, Conception, Santiago and
Valparaiso, Chile; in Columbia, Bogota; in Arequipa and Lima,
Peru in Montevideo, Uruguay and in Buenos Aires, Argentina
translations into Spanish and Portuguese having been made for
in the principal cities of
;
;
A
small
York
City.
this purpose.
about ISTew
German
edition was distributed in and
Over 30,000 pamphlets in English, of
which copies are appended, have been sent
to as
many
physicians
and many thousands of pamphlets and reports
were distributed at San Francisco, during the Panama-Pacific Ex-
in various States
position.
This publicity will be of very great advantage, and
its
iniluence will be productive diiring four or five years to come, to
judge by the experience of large advertisers.
The
State's benevolent yet lucrative enterprise,
carefully and wisely, has progressed in the
launched so
main
though slowly, from the medical point of view.
satisfactorily
A
notable step
has been taken by the Commonwealth under your gTiidance,
toward putting within reach of many invalids
agencies of " the waters under the earth."
the
remedial
Respectfully submitted,
ALBERT WARREN FERRIS,
Superintending Director.
December
22, 1915.
�SUPPLEMENT TO THE STUDY OF THE HYDRAULICS
OF THE MINERAL WATER SYSTEM
AT SARATOGA SPRINGS
Published with the Commissioner's Report to the Legislature
of 1915
By Charles
C. Lester,
Counsel to the Coinmis.siouers of the State Keservation
In
my
previous study of the hydraulics of the mineral water
system, I arrived at the conclusion that there existed in the Sara-
toga plateau a double hydraulic system
;
first,
a superficial system
of fresh ground waters in the porous sand and gi-avel of the heavy
deposit of drift overlying the shale; and a second system at a
much
greater depth,
moving
in
solution channels
through the
bedding planes of the Little Falls dolomite, in a general northeasterly direction, under the influence of an artesian head some-
what remote from the valley of the
springs, where,
under natural
conditions prior to the drilling of artesian wells, the mineral
waters flowed
to the surface in
natural springs.
During the month of June, 1915, an unusual rainfall at Saratoga raised the levels of the upper fresh water system to an
unusual height and, concurrently, the Congress Spring, at which
;
had been sunk until it intercepted the mineral
began to manifest a greatly increased
This was taken by very
YigoY and a much more copious flow.
eminent authorities, whose opinion as to the scientific questions
a
new
artesian well
waters in the dolomite,
involved in the hydraulic problems should be received with the
greatest coiisidoration, to negative the theory of the existence of
a double hydraulic system and to indicate such intimate relations
l)etween the fresh waters njoving near the surface of the ground
and the deeper mineral waters as
to forbid the conception of
two
distinct systems.
Upon
careful reflection, however,
it
seems to
me
that the facts
observed do not militate against the theory I advanced, but on the
contrary, are in complete
When
harmony with
it.
the original llathorn Spring ^o. 1
time, a large excavation
was made
[62]
was
at the fault line;
tul>ed tlio last
and the joint
�[Senate,
N"o. IS]
63
at the foot of tlio esciirpinent, vvlicro tlio rocks
of the fault
posed.
It
come
on
tlio
east side
into contact with those on the west side,
was preciselv
was
at this line of junction, forty feet
ex-
below
the natural surface of the ground, that the mineral waters were
found, issuing from crevices in the rock so narrow that a knife
hlade could hardly be inserted in them,
l»ut
siderable distance along the fault lino-
in
exrending a confact as
fai-
as the
was exposed. I went down into the excavation at tliat time
and saw what I am now describing. There is no doubt in the
minds of those familiar with the conditions that, if this excava-
joint
tion
had been continued
indefinitely along the fault line, a similar
outflow of water Avould have been found for
much
of the distance,
and in places where no springs had ever made their appearance
at
the surface.
A
many
James P.
had personally observed at a nmiiber of different springs he had visited and inspected, when they were being tul)(Ml and the fault line was exletter,
written
years ago by the late Captain
Butler, described similar conditions which he
posed in a similar way.
From
all
these orifices, extending for a great distance along
the fault line, there
is
doubtless a constant outflow of carbonated
waters that mingle with the fresh waters, work upward and flow
off to a greater or less extent in
The
flow
from
superincumbent ground waters,
ground water
the superficial water courses.
these orifices is retarded
by the pressure
of the
to a greater or less degTce, as the
levels in the valley rise
and
fall.
During the lapse
of great periods of time, a rather stable dynamical equilibrium
has been reached between the forces which cause the outflow of
from the dolomite and the back pressure of
the upper ground waters, which tend to restrict the flow of the
mineral waters and to prevent them from flowung out through
these minute orifices from the dolomite strata.
It is a matter of
common observation that, whenever the back pressure of the
upper groimd waters is relieved anywhere along the fault line, the
mineral waters flow out from these small orifices with nmch
greater rapidity
and when, as was formerly the case, great
excavations were made for the purpose of tubing up the old
springs from the foot of the escarpment to the level of the ground
the mineral waters
;
�[Senate
64
;iiid
the
ijirtowiiig'
waters
fi'oiii
the .surruuuding soil were
pumped
out and the small fissures in the joint were exposed, a very great
How
of mineral water resulted, to sucli a degree that
it ^vas
with
the utmost difficulty that the excavation could be kept clear of
them by the men who were
eraiployed
upon
and other
the work,
neighborhood were depleted. Under
nonnal conditions, however, a very constant, thougli unknown
mineral
springs
in
the
quantity of mineral water
due
rock,
is
discharged above the surface of the
to the difference in the force impelling the waters to
flow out and the back pressure of the upper ground waters tend-
ing to restrain such flow, and the total outflow under normal conditions
may
be
much
greater than the aggregate of
served and measured flows of the
due
to this fact that the fresh
known
springs.
all
waters of the springs and water
courses in the valley of the springs carry an unusual
Mr. Ant has discovered by a
chlorine, as
the ob-
It is probably
amount of
series of chlorine tests
upon the fresh waters in Congress Park.
The force impelling the flow is, of course, the mineral water
head, wherever it may be, at a greater or less distance from the
point of outflow, diminished by the loss through friction experienced by the mineral waters in flowing through the rocky
strata.
With every increase in the rapidity of the movement, tlie
loss by friction increases, the tendency upon any change of conditions being toward a
new
condition of equilibrium.
Assuming, now, the existence of an artesian system and an outflow provided by nature at the fault line for the mineral waters,
forty feet below the surface of the ground and thirty feet below
the ground water table, what result ought
we
to anticipate
from
a rise of the ground water levels and an increase of the back
pressure at
line?
all
the points of mineral waiter outflow along the fault
Manifestly, the following:
with the increase in the
First,
resistance of the ground water pressure at the fault line to the out-
flow of mineral waters
of their flow
;
from the dolomite, a consequent retardation
second, a diminution of the loss of head by friction
and consequent increase of head at the points of outflow, concurrent with the diminished velocity of flow third, au increased head
;
or pressure of the mineral waters not only at the points of natural
outflow but at
all
points in the artesian system near
it.
�«5
No. IS]
under such couditions, we have a direct outlet from the
mineral water strata to the surface of the ground, such as the
tube of an artesian well, so arranged that the flow therefrom is
not retarded by the rise in the surrounding ground water levels,
we should naturally expect to^ realize an increased flow of mineral
waters at such an outlet due to the increase in the mineral water
If,
head or pressure at the bottom of the artesian well, resulting in
the manner I have described.
It may be easier to miderstand the operation of these forces
by imagining an artificial system of pipes fed by a constant head
such as is common in municipal water systems supplied by
If we take a water main of considerable length, terminating in a group of supply pipes and in faucets which are open,
we shall have a constant flow from all the faucets but, if we take
gravity.
;
from all but one of them, so as to
check the velocity with which the water goes through the main,
we shall immediately experience an increase of flow from the
faucet whose condition remains unchanged and, if all the faucets
save one be hermetically sealed, and the main be of adequate size,
the entire head due to gravity, without any appreciable loss from
friction, will be experienced at the one open faucet, and the
measures
to restrict the flow
;
amount of water flowing from it may be enormously increased.
So it happens that, when the ground water levels in the valley
of the springs rise under the influence of melting snows in the
summer and the outflow from the
and the whole mineral water stream
natural orifices is retarded
sets back upon itself, the rapidity of its flow and consequent loss
spring, or heavy rains in the
of head
from
friction
is
diminished and a greater pressure
is
ex-
perienced at every point in the system.
In the case of such an artificial outlet as that which has been
provided for the Congress Spring, at the bottom of a bowl or depression from which other ground waters are excluded and therefore unable to exercise a back pressure on the mineral water
stream flowing out of the well and imable in this way to retard
movement, when the pressure that causes the flow is increased
in the mamier I have described the flow of the mineral water will
Such an increased flow, under
necessarily be increased, also.
its
such conditions, does not contradict the theory of a double hydraulic system, but is in complete harmony with it.
3
�[Senate
66
Result of Drilling an Experimental Well
Following out the recommendations which I made to the Board
in the summer of 1914, a tract of land was acquired about 1,000
feet southwesterly from the Hathorn Spring No. 2, from which
direction it seemed to me probable the waters were flowing toward
the wells and springs of the Keservation; and the following fall
the drilling of a well on this property was begun for purposes of
experiment and observation. The altitude of the mouth of the
It was
is 23.20 feet higher than that of Hathom No. 2.
passed through a heavy deposit of
drilled to a depth of 420 feet,
well
penetrated the
drift,
limestone formation.
river shales
reached a considerable depth below the surface,
The water level in this well is twentythe water came in.
nearly dry until
when
and terminated in a
After entering the shale, the well was
Hudson
it
Hathorn No. 2 and this
fact is very cogent in compelling the belief that the movement of
ground waters between these two points must be in a northeasterly
two
feet higher than the water level in
direction,
which
is
quite in
harmony with our previous
conclusions.
After penetrating the shale, a strong odor of sulphuretted hydo-
gen and hydro-carbon gases became apparent, and when a vessel
was filled with the thick mud brought up by the sand bucket, the
mass exhibited a curious behaviour, rising and flowing over the
edges of the vessel like batter until a large collection of gas that
had been forming in the interior of the mass came to the surface
and passed
off
suddenly into the atmosphere in a puff.
The
con-
tents of the vessel then seemed to collapse and sink to about twoThe mass would then remain
thirds of their original volume.
quiescent, unless shaken or agitated with
some
process of rising, overflowing and collapsing
with a further
The
gases
loss of
violence,
when the
would be repeated,
volume.
thus given
off
smelled strongly of sulphuretted
hydogen and were evidently soluble in water, but their accurate
determination was impossible, as the laboratory of the State
Keservation
was without the appliances necessary
for
their
chemical analysis.
Lack of funds required the Commissioners to discontinue work
upon the well after it had reached a total depth of 420 'feet. At
this point
it
seems evident
that"
the well had not yet reached the
�No. 18]
67
dolomite strata in which the normal mineral water channels are
It was thoroughly sandbucketed and pumped until the
residuum of broken aaid pulverized rock resulting from the drill-
found.
ing was removed, and a sample of water was then secured for
analysis.
Further Indications as
The
Origin of Sodium Bicarhonate
to
result of this analysis
was remarkable, showing a highly
mineralized water, quite devoid of chloride of sodium, but caiTying a very large amount of sodium bicarbonate.
sodium has been thought
salt of the
to
The
chloride of
be the fundamentally characteristic
Saratoga waters derived with the carbon dioxide from
In my previous study of the hydraulics, the
which were published in the Conunissioner's report for
volcanic sources.
results of
1915, I suggested that the sodium bicarbonate might be ihe result
of local chemical reactions which changed a portion of the sodium
chloride to sodium bicarbonate.
This suggestion seems to receive
confirmation from the extraordinary chemical character of the
water of the experimental well, in which the normal sodium
chloride content seems
sodium bicarbonate.
Mr. Ant, who is
to
have been wholly transformed into
in charge of the chemical
department of the
Resen^ation, greatly confirms the probability of such a reaction,
since
we
are at liberty to assume the presence in the shale of
the sulphuric acid radicle and
furnished
me
marsh gas (CH4).
with the following possible,
if
Mr. Ant has
not probable, re-
by which the sodium chloride, first changed into sodium
sulphate, might then be converted into sodium bicarbonate:
actions
Na^SO^+S CH,=]Sra2S+2 CO^+S
jSTa,S+CO,+H30=Na2C03+H2S
H
In this way, it seems to me, the suggestion of the manner in
which the sodium bicarbonate originates is removed from the
sphere of mere speculation.
In
this connection it
seems to
me
significant that, if
we
re-
convert the bicarbonate of sodium content of the waters of the
new
well into chloride of sodium,
we
shall
have a chlorine content
�[Senate
68
which bears about the same relation to the carbonates of lime and
is found in the waters of Hathom Spring No. 2,
magnesia as
the nearest of the Saratoga springs or wells to the experimental
we are describing. It seems reasonable to suppose that the
waters from which the latter well is now deriving its supply are
considerably above the main channel in the bedding planes of the
well
Little
Falls
through which the mineral waters are
dolomite,
moving from
their sources to the artificial openings afforded
by
the artesian wells and the natural openings created by the Sara-
toga fault, and have long stood in contact with the waters percarrying with them the
colating
downward through the
efficient
re-agents that have effected the metamorphosis of the
shale,
chloride of sodium content into sodium bicarbonate.
Additional illimiinating facts might be secured by increasing
the depth of the
new
well and penetrating the dolomite strata,
through which experience has shown that the mineral waters find
and where, if they should be encountered
might be found carrying their normal
content of chloride of sodium and but a small quantity of sodium
their principal channels
by deepening
this well, they
bicarbonate.
'Further Indications as
to
Direction of Flow
If we go a step further and pursue the same course in our
comparison of the proportion between the total chlorine content
and the total content of the bicarbonates of the alkaline earths in
each of the different springs and wells by regarding the sodium
bicarbonate as representing part of the original sodium chloride
content,
we
shall get a
new
table of percentages with
which to
replace the table found on page 87 of the last report, as follows
Hathom No.
55.8 per
68.3 per
cent.
Orenda
Lincoln
76.6 per
cent.
Hathom No.
82 7 per cent.
2
1
.
106 2 per
cent.
172.4 per
Emperor
Old Eed
cent.
.
This table better
as the waters
cent.
move
satisfies
the requirements of the theory that,
northeasterly in the dolomite strata, the ratio
�1
:
Iso.
69
18j
of the bicarbonates of lime and magnesia to the soluble chlorides
contained in the water constantly increases.
gression
that accords
better with
It
the distances
shows a protraversed
and
avoids the extreme results observed after entering the valley of
the springs.
But the accumulation of exact data in regard to hydraulic conditions has progressed to such a degree that
we have now
the most
important and decisive information requisite for the determination,
beyond reasonable doubt, of the direction of the flow of the
mineral waters in a series of the water levels in different wells,
from the Experimental Well, to which reference has been made,
at the southwest extremity of the Reservation, to the
Spring, at
its
northeasterly extremity.
These water
Emperor
levels, stated
in elevation above sea level, are as follows
Name
Water
of Well
Smith ExjDorimental
Hathorn :No. 2
Coesa
,
Orenda
Lincoln
Hathorn No.
Emperor
level
289
1
.
269.8
260.9
282
277.9
267.3
262
The foregoing shows a uniform decline in the height of the
water levels from the Smith well to the Emperor Spring, except
in the case of the Hathorn ^o. 2 and the Coesa, the levels of
which seem
of
their
proximity
to
be below that which should be expected in view
and this may be accounted for by their
situation,
to the
much lower
level,
Coesa valley, in which are several wells at a
the flow of mineral waters from which is very
seems to me not improbable that the copious flow
from these wells at low levels may result in a depletion of the
entire system in their neighborhood, the effect of which is apcopious.
Tt
parent in the low water levels of Hathorn ISTo. 2 and Coesa. These
figures indicate to my mind, with irresistible force, the correctness of the theory that the mineral waters move in the dolomite
where they are encountered in a general northeasterly
direction between the Experimental well and the Emperor Spring,
strata
a distance of
more than three
miles.
�[Senate
70
Significance of Last Analysis of the Lincoln Spring
In nij previous paper,
at
page 86 of the Report of the Coni-
missioners for 1915, will be found a table in which the wells are
stated in their order
from southwest
to northeast,
and the names
of the different springs or wells are given, with the content of
soluble chlorides in the waters of each, expressed in parts per
million.
I then called attention to the apparent failure of the Lincoln
Spring
to
conform
to the rule of a general progressive
of the chlorine content, arising, as I supposed,
diminution
from continued
dilution from fresh waters percolating into the dolomite strata
and mingling with the mineral waters; and I accounted for this
want of conformity by the fact that the analyses of the Lincoln
Spring was made many years before the analysis of the other
springs, with which comparison was then made, and before the
depletion to which all the springs were afterward subjected as to
their mineral content, as well as their hydraulic head, by the
pumping
of the carbonic gas companies; and I suggested that an
made
at the present time would probably place the
Lincoln Spring between the Adams and Hathom l^o. 1.
analysis
Since then, a
has been
new
analysis of the waters of the Lincoln Spring
made by Mr. Ant.
18th of September
last,
These waters were secured on the
had been pumped for more
after the well
than two months to supply the Lincoln Baths, and showed a con-
amounting to 3639.42 parts per million,
placing the Lincoln Spring in conformity with the general rule
with which it did not seem at the time my former paper was
tent of soluble chlorides
written to accord.
The whole
waters
is
subject of the genesis and hydrology of the Saratoga
not only of surpassing interest but of great practical
way to proper methods of protection.
High Eock Spring, we have now, by the installation of
from which the water supply for the High Rock Baths is
importance, as pointing the
At
the
the pit
and another excavation extending only to a sufficient depth
ground waters, demonstrated a difference
between the fresh water head and the mineral water head, and
that the mineral water head is the greater and is subject to
fluctuations revealing its sympathy with forces that do not seem
taken,
to encounter the local
�No. 18]
'^1
upon the ground water table in that locality. T believe it
persistently and systematically,
to be most desirable to prosecute,
ground water levels as well
all practicable observations upon the
the waters and other
as observations upon the temperature of
may render them possible and
as opportunity
to act
physical facts
further loiowledge and experience
may
dictate.
�DISBURSEMENTS
CHAPTER
Balance, January
1,
239,
LAWS OF
1913
$78,278 66
1915 (per last report)
1915.
Feb.
11.
Emma K.
Docharty, for United States and Pavilion Springs
Edward W. Kearney and
$5, 150 00
Interest on above
219 73
C. C. Lester, legal services in connec-
tion with above
336 10
5,705 83
$72,572 83
CHAPTER
728,
LAWS OF
1915
(Reappropriation of balance from Chapter 239,
Balance, Feb. 11, 1915
Laws
of 1913.)
$72,572 83
(reappropriated)
1915.
July
13.
14.
15.
Harry
Harry
Saratoga Baths
Levengston, interest on
$60,000 00
above
Ida E. Traver, et al., property
Ida E. Traver, et al., interest on above
Wilna N. Bishop, property
820 00
4,000 00
L. Levengston,
L.
National Bank of Saratoga
property
Minerva L. Rickard, property
Minerva L. Rickard, interest on above
102
0()
120 00
First
Springs,
27. C. S.
&
C. C. Lester, legal services.
.
.
,500 00
1,100 00
61 23
1
1,
335 50
Levengston property.. $439 50
(b) Ida E. Traver, property
521 00
(c) First National Bank
of Saratoga Springs
206 80
(a)
Minerva
(d)
Rickard,
L.
property
(e) Wilna N.
property
151 60
B
i
s
hop
,
16 60
$1,335 50
Sept.
28. C. S.
&
in
Dec.
C. C. Lester for legal services
connection
1,
1914, to
with
May
acquisitions,
1,
1915
1,000 00
70,038 73
Balance, October
1,
1915
[72]
$2,534 10
�[Senate, No. IS]
73
CHAPTER
335,
LAWS OF
1915
Appropriation
$99 000 0«
,
(To be a])pliod in payment for properties already acquired.)
CHAPTER
252,
LAWS OF
1914
General Expenses and Land Acquisitions
Balance, Jan. 21, 1915, per last report
$158,083 06
1915.
Feb.
4.
5.
Stenstrom, Oscar R., services
Lester, Charles C, legal services ....
Payroll, Jan. 1-15, office and field
force
759 55
258 95
Payroll, Jan. 1-15, laborers
8.
Payroll,
and
Jan.
16-30,
office
Jan.
16-30,
laborers
field
force
Payroll,
19.
Adriance Machine Works,
$77 50
750 00
Inc.,
891 95
252 11
sup-
plies
Ainsworth, Geo. W., improvements...
Anthony, Chas. G., services
Anthony, Chas. G., travel
335 00
309 04
324 CO
Ballston Spa Garage, trucking
18 95
29 20
Ballston Spa Garage, supplies
18 13
Barclay, Frank D., travel
1
Bausch & Lomb Optical
Co., supplies.
6 00
Son, Inc., supplies.
9 50
310 93
Blackmer, G. F.
&
Bond Bottle Sealing
Co., supplies
Brownell, F. W., trucking
Brunner, Bernard, supplies
Collins, C. M.,
5 00
28 71
supplies
3 00
259 51
335 38
Crocker, Harry, improvements
Crocker, Harry, construction
Delaware & Hudson Co., freight
Ermold Edward
36 70
47 50
Co., supplies
Elmore, C. B. travel
Farmer's Hardware Co., supplies
Ferris, Albert Warren, M. D.,' expert
services
Fitzgerald, Jas.
P.,
improvements...
Goulds Mfg. Co., supplies
Hamm's Garage, supplies
Hartwell & Shackelford, insurance..
Hoyt Bros. &
Co., supplies
Independent Coal
Co.,
supplies
2 80
833 33
2,125 SO
440 50
22 65
1
13
95 00
Co.,
sup-
Utilities
Co.,
sup-
20 00
plies
plies
2 70
6 00
Pump
International Steam
Kewanee Private
90
384 30
�[Senate
74
1915.
Feb.
19.
Kjiapp, A. P., Agt., insurance
$90
Lundgren, Carl J., supplies
McNulty, James D., insurance
Header, A. H. & Son, supplies
Montanye, G. N. & Son, supplies
Muldowney,
J. H., supplies
National Express Co., expressage
Noland, L. W., travel
Peabody, George Foster, travel
Postal Telegraph-Cable Co., telegrams
Peabody, George Foster, ofSce expenses
Eobson & Adee, supplies
.
Eyall,
James
Co.,
supplies
C, supplies
Schallehn, T.
H.
.
A., supplies
Saratoga Coal
Settle,
.
photographs
B.,
Shevlin, Geo. F., Mfg. Co., supplies..
Sherin
&
Son, improvements
Wm.
P., improvements....
Towne-Koblee Hardware Co. supplies
Underwood Typewriter Co., supplies
Wells Pharmacy, supplies
Western Union Telegraph Co., tele-
Tarrant,
.
grams
Winship, Geo. W., improvements....
Yawman & Erbe Mfg. Co., supplies..
Payroll, Feb. 1-15, office and field
force
Payroll, Feb. 1-15, laborers
March
3.
Payroll, Feb.
10. Payroll,
16-27, laborers
Feb.
16-27,
office
and
field
force
16.
Adirondack
tion,
Electric
Power Corpora-
electricity
Anthony, Chas. G., services
Anthony, Chas. G., travel
The Blake & Knowles Steam
Pump
Co., supplies
Brunner, Bernard, supplies
Capitol Eoman Stone Co.,
improve-
ments
Capitol
Roman
Crocker,
Stone Co., advertising
Harry, improvements
Delaware & Hudson Co., freight
Eddy, Daniel & Sons, supplies
Eimer & Amend, supplies
Ferris, Albert Warren, M. D., expert
services
�.
IvTo.
75
18]
1915.
March
Albert Warren, M. D., travel.
Farmer's Hardware Co., supplies....
16. Ferris,
Gaffney, B.
&
Sons, construction....
Hall, Charles E., travel
Hartwell & Shackelford, insurance
Heslin's Garage,
.
supplies
Independent Coal
Co.,
Ingham, White &
supplies
Co.,
Kendrick, Willis Jason,
insurance ....
Inc., supplies
Keystone Driller Co., supplies
Lesan, H. E., Advertising Agency, advertising
Mott, Samuel
McNeary, Fred
maps
J.,
G., insurance
N. Y. Telephone Co., telephone
N. Y. Telephone Co., telephone
The N. Y. World, advertising
The N. Y. Continental Jewell Filter
Co., supplies
The N. Y. Times
Co., advertising
National Express Co., expressage ....
Noland, L. W., travel
Peterson, John, maps
Peabody, George Foster, office expenses
Postal Telegraph-Cable Co., telegrams
Rattigan, C. F., Agent and Warden,
furniture and fixtures
Saratoga Coal
Co., supplies
The Saratogian, supplies
Sherin
&
Son, supplies
The Sun Printing
Co., advertising...
H. B., supplies
Stenstrom, Oscar P., services
Stenstrom, Oscar P., services
Stone & Morris, travel
Tarrant Mfg. Co., improvements
Toch Bros., supplies
Settle,
TovFne-Roblee Hardware Co., supplies
Tarrant,
Wm.
P.,
improvements
Van Voast & Leonard,
18.
insurance
Western Union Telegraph Co.,
grams
Ryall, James A., improvements
Payroll, March 1-15, laborers
Payroll, March 1-15, office and
tele-
field
force
Feb.
24.
Frank N., State Engineer
and Survevor, surveys
Williams,
$57
�T6
[SE^'ATE
1915.
April
Payroll,
5.
Payroll,
March 16-31, laborers
March 16-31, office and
$689 24
field
force
20. Payroll, April
22. Payroll,
646 63
1,010 79
1-15, laborers
April
1-16,
office
and
field
16-30,
office
and
field
force
May
7.
683 25
Payroll, April
force
749 SO
Payroll, April 16-30, laborers
12.
.
Anthony, Chas
Anthony, Chas.
2,503 27
328 50
G., services
G., travel
77 68
Ant, Herbert, travel
Ackroyd, James & Sons, supplies....
Barclay, Frank D., travel
Badger, E. B. & Sons Co., supplies..
Bradley, M. D., Jr., trucking
Boston & Maine R. E., freight
Brassier, Chas. A., special services..
Crocker, Harry, supplies and improvenients
freight.
.
2 10
800 00
100 00
17 97
12 60
186 53
17 83
Elmore, C. B., travel
Ferris, Albert Warren, M. D., expert
services
5 30
833 33
Ferris, Albert
Gaffney, B.
&
Warren, M.
D., travel.
Sons, construction
Hodges, J. C, supplies
Havens, J. T., supplies
Kiewert, Chas. L. Co., supplies
Lesan, H. E., Advertising Agency, advertising
80 69
384 48
19 50
200 00
1,825 00
139 33
Noland, L. W., travel
National Express Co., express
N. Y. Telephone Co., telephone
Ouderkirk & Paine, construction
2 57
S 07
22 70
120 58
Peterson, John, services
67 62
Peterson, John, travel
George
Foster,
6 00
office
ex-
penses
100 74
Peabody, George Foster, travel
Postal Telegraph-Cable Co., telegrams
Ryall, Jas. A., construction
The Saratogian, advertising
H.
B.,
photographs
Schallehn,
T.
C, supplies
Settle,
90
289 89
The Delaware & Hudson Co.,
Eimer & Amend, supplies
Peabody,
1
90 00
Saratoga Coal Co., supplies
Stone & Morris, livery
Smaldone, Tony, construction
10 12
22 77
37S 95
13 75
5 50
20 63
20 00
14 00
19 50
�77
No. 18j
1915.
May
12.
Wm.
Tarrant,
P.,
Ziegler,
,1.
158 91
Adirondack
tion,
Co.,
tele-
3 Oo
travel
\V.,
May
21. Payroll,
981 36
supplies
Western Union Telegraph
grams
26.
$47 99
2 00
Starbuck, E. D. & Co., supplies
The Sun Printing Co., supplies
Tracy's, Thos. J., Son, construction..
Electric
Power Corpora113 12
electricity
334
44
274
240
Anthony, Chas. C, services
Anthony, Chas. G., travel
Ainsworth, Geo. W., improvements...
Brownell, F. W., improvements
r.radley,
Son &
Co., supplies..
Ballston Spa Garage, supplies
Boston & Maine
Pv.
Carey, Patrick,
E., freight
Co., freight.
160 40
76 80
.
Eddy, Daniel & Sons, improvements..
Eaton, E. C,
&
22 50
61 56
4 60
189 30
Sons, trucking
Eimer & Amend, supplies
Elmore, C. B., travel
Erickson, August, improvements
Ferris, Albert Warren, M. D., expert
^'^'^
services
Hammond,
E.,
5 88
46 00
&
Copper
Co.,
1
Hall, Clias. E., travel
Ingham, White &
Co.,
37 50
insurance
Johnson, Gustav, improvements
Knapp, A. P., insurance
The Liquid Carbonic
E.,
Co.,
supplies...
C,
88 50
44 00
1,460 00
Advertising Agency, ad-
7166
vertising
Lester, C.
,512 96
3 40
159 00
3 50
Independent Coal Co., supplies
Indian Kefining Co., supplies
II.
IS 50
285 60
12 60
Co., supplies
supplies
Lesan,
IS 70
supplies
Hungerford, U. T. Brass
'^'^
83 03
The Farmer's Hardware Co., supplies
The Fairbanks Co., supplies
Gaffney, B. & Sons, improvements. ...
Gailor, John, improvements
Glidden Varnish Co., improvements..
The Gould's Mfg.
07
23 57
12 50
improvements
The Delaware & Hudson
50
80
00
100 00
5 00
18 50
D., Jr., trucking
M.
Blakiston's, P.,
70
1
2,514 77
laborers
1-15,
750 00
508 07
legal services
Leader Iron Works, supplies
Mangelsdorf, J., supplies
Mott, J. L., Iron Works, supplies.
6 00
...
3,171 05
�i
[Senati
78
1915.
May
26.
Montanye, G. N., & Son, supplies....
National Express Co., express
N. Y. Telephone Co., telephone
Noland, L. W., travel
Penny, J. W., & Sons Co., supplies..
Postal Telegraph -Cable Co., telegrams
$2 00
15 15
18 45
4 62
17 00
Peterson, John, services
10 54
100 00
Page Woven Wire Fence Co., supplies.
Paul, James, improvements
163 00
Peabody,
George
Foster,
office,
166 50
ex-
penses
108 19
Pettibone, Chas. G., improvements...
Putnam
45 70
16 55
Street Garage, supplies
James A., construction
Robson & Adee, stationery supplies..
Sherin & Son, improvements
Ryall,
Shevlin,
Geo.
F.,
1,080 19
31 94
229 28
Mfg. Co., improve-
ments
Saratoga Coal
Co., supplies
Sheldon, J.
insurance
S.,
226 59
243 70
26 25
Snead & Co., Iron Works, supplies..
Standard Oil Co. of N. Y., supplies..
88 00
47 00
Stone & Morris, livery
S 00
313 25
Stenstrom, Oscar R., services
Tracy's, Thos. J., Son, improvements
and supplies
Tarrant,
Wm.
1
P.,
improvements
Towne-Roblee Hardware Co., supplies
Winship, Geo. W., improvements....
Western Union Telegraph Co., tele-
grams
E., supplies
May
1-15,
May
May
16-30,
laborers
16-30,
office
and
field
June 1-15,
office
and
field
office
and
field
force
8.
Payroll,
10. Payroll,
763 31
1,617 47
force
22. Payroll,
831 19
force
23. Payroll,
July
8.
951 12
June 1-15, laborers
Ant, Herbert, travel
Anthony, Chas.
G., services
Antliony, Chas. G., travel
Ainsworth, Geo. W., improvements..
Adirondack Electric Power Corporation,
795 66
6 00
980 00
Wilmarth & Son, supplies
June
575 36
80 23
24 25
Wiswall, Clara
27. Payroll,
,269 54
sujiplies
487 42
3 50
324 00
15 39
904 91
6 41
Black, Mrs. Alice, supplies
6 00
Barclav, Frank D., travel
2 70
�.
:N"o.
'?9
18J
1915.
July
8.
Wm.
Barnett,
$38 00
H., trucking
9 01
Boston & Maine R. R., freight
Brunner, Bernard, supplies
Blackmer, G. F., & Son, supplies
Brownell, F. W., supplies
Chase Bros. Co., supplies
Canton Steel Ceiling Co.,
ments
Roman
Capitol
Stone
Co.,
28 11
13 01
100 00
94 50
improve^^^ ^^
improve-
258
86
129
195
65
ments
supplies
Harry,
Crocker,
Crandall, S.
supplies
J.,
Delaware & Hudson Co., freight
Dehn, Christian, supplies
Eddy, Daniel, & Sons, Inc., supplies
Eimer & Amend, supplies
Emery, John W., supplies
Ferris, Albert Warren, M. D., expert
.
Warren, M.
18 00
833 33
183 01
44 70
5 86
D., travel.
The Farmer's Hardware Co., supplies
Freeman & Shea, improvements
W.
Gailor,
62 47
368 00
424 52
H., supplies
Co., supplies
The Goulds Mfg.
Gailor, John, supplies
Hungerford, U. T., Brass &
Co.,
Copper
3,
supplies
Hartwell
&
Shackelford,
10
13 63
20 03
.
services
Ferris, Albert
70
30
50
96
insurance..
065 16
260 71
Hall, L. O., supplies
31 70
Ingham, White &
65 75
96 00
Co., insurance
Johnson, Gustav, supplies
The Press Co., advertising
Kendrick, Willis Jason, Inc., supplies
Lyon,
J.
B.,
Co.,
printing
and
112 50
64 00
sta-
o- oi
tionery
Lesan, H. E., Advertising Agency, adl*^'-
vertising
Limdgren, Carl
J.,
supplies
McGibbon & Co., supplies
Mott, Samuel J., supplies
Mott, J. L., Iron Works, supplies
The Master Builders Co., improvements
McBride, Nast & Co., advertising
The Montrose Nurseries, supplies ....
Noland, L. W., travel
Noland, L. W., office expenses
The National Cash Register Co., supplies
99
382 50
43 75
32 89
2,610 00
18 00
37 50
52 50
13 95
17 43
237 50
�[Senate
80
1915.
July
8.
National Express Co., express
N. Y. Telephone Co., telephone
Partridge,
H.,
F.
$33
23
62
26
supplies
Pratt & Lambert Co., improvements.
Postal Telegraph-Cable Co., telegrams
.
4
Parmenter, Clarence E., improvements
Paul, James, supplies
Peterson, John, services
237
102
100
Pitney, J. V., supplies
72
Ryall, Jas. A., improvements
Ross-Ketchum
Rattigan, C.
620 41
Co., supplies
F.,
6 15
Agent and Warden,
supplies
&
Sherin
6 47
Son, improvements
86 93
Shevlin, Geo. F., Mfg. Co., supplies.
Stone
&
62
24
06
00
38
49
00
00
50
.
110 05
27 50
.
Morris, travel
Saratoga Coal
Co., supplies
76 80
Schallehn, T. C, supplies
39 12
Smith, Phineas, supplies
The Sun Printing Co., supplies and
advertising
27 24
Settle,
H.
B.,
10 50
photographs
159 40
The Snead & Co. Iron Worlds, supplies
Smith,
W. & T
95 00
Co., supplies
Scientific Materials Co.,
187 80
supplies....
48 50
The Saratogian, supplies and advertising
Tracy's
62 70
Thos.
J.,
Son,
and
supplies
improvements
Towne-Roblee Hardware Co., supplies.
Tarrant, Wm. P., improvements
Tarrant Mfg. 'Co., improvements
Thompson, R. H.. improvements
Trombly, John B., supplies
Page Woven Wire Fence Co., supplies
Jnderwood Typewriter Co., supplies..
U-Auto Varnish Sales Co., supplies.
Van Voast & Leonard, insurance
.
904 18
41 34
l,8ir 34
1,
6 50
32 00
11 00
28 86
83 03
4 50
.
56 51
Wilmarth & Son, supplies
Winship, Geo. W., improvements
Western Union Telegraph Co.,
735 25
361 40
tele-
grams
7
Wykoff, A. & Son Co., supplies
Waterbury, W. R. & Co., supplies.
Wells Pharmacy, supplies
Keystone Driller Co., supplies
Jones of Binghamton, supplies
June 16-30, laborers
Payroll, June 16-30, office and
...
14. Payroll,
force
10
10 63
1
75
10 40
154 90
15 62
1,044 78
field
1,
029 13
�81
Xo. 18]
1915.
July
24. Payroll,
July
1-15,
otli'.e
and
liold
$994
force
Aug.
5.
Payroll, July 1-15, lal.orers
Anthony, Charles G., services
Ackroyd, Jas. & Sons, supplies
Ainsworth, Geo. W., improvements...
Bogart, A. B., photos
Browmvell, F. W., supplies
Brunner, Bernard, supplies
Barnett, Wm. H., trucking
Crocker, Harry, supplies
Colgate & Co., supplies
Crandall, S. J., supplies
Capital Roman Stone Co.,
improve-
ments
Delaware & Hudson Co., freiglit
Dunn, Thomas, improvements
Edson Mfg. Co., supplies
The y. K. Fairbank Co., supplies
Ferris, Albert Warren, M. D., expert
services
Finch, Harry
Gailor, John,
Hammond,
GaflFney, B.
Hall,
supplies
L.,
supplies
E., supplies
&
Charles
Sons, improvements ....
E.,
travel
Handy, Frank H. supplies
The High School Recorder, advertising
Independent Coal Co., supplies
.Kewanee Private
Utilities
Co.,
sup-
plies
& Son, improvements...
Lackawanna Bridge Co., supplies....
Lester, C. C, legal services
Ledlie, D. B.
Mangelsdorf,
J.,
supplies
McNeary, John & Sons, travel
Mott, J. L. Iron Works, supplies ....
National Express Co., express
N. Y. Telephone Co., telephone
Noland, L. W., office expenses
Noland, L. W., travel
Oelschlaeger Bros., supplies
Ouderkirk & Paine, improvements.
The Philadelphia County Medical So.
.
.
ciety, advertising
Postal Telegraph-Cable Co., telegrams.
Page Woven Wire Fence
Parmenter, Clarence
R.,
Pitney, J. V., supplies
Co., supplies
improvements
�[Senate
82
1915.
Aug.
5.
John,
Peterson,
$100 00
services
Ryall, Jas. A., improvements
Ross-Ketclmm
Robertson,
W.
Co.,
supplies
improvements
S.,
Robson & Adee, supplies
Romeike, Henry, advertising
Rattigan,
C.
Agent
F.,
& Warden,
supplies
Saratoga Coal Co., supplies
Settle, H. B., pliotos
Standard Oil Co. of N. Y., supplies..
Semet-Solway Co., supplies
Shevlin, Geo. F., Mfg. Co., supplies.
Stenstrom, Alma, services
.
&
Starbuck, E. D.
Wm.
.
Co., supplies
improvements
Trombly, John B., Agent & Warden,
Tarrant,
P.,
supplies
Towne-Roblee Hardware Co., supplies.
Tracy's Thos J., Son, improvements.
Worthington, Henry R., supplies
Western Union Telegraph Co., tele-
grams
Winship, Geo. W., improvements
Wanamaker, John, supplies
Wilkins, Floyd G., improvements ....
Walker & Gibson, supplies
Woolworth,
Wilmarth
«&,
F.
W.,
WHiitford, Chas.
6.
&
Co., supplies ....
Son, supplies
Payroll, July
C, supplies
office and
16-31,
field
force
12. Payroll,
July 16-31, laborers
Payroll, July 16-31, bath attendants.
20. Payroll,
24. Payroll,
Aug. 1-15, laborers
Aug. 1-15, office and
field
1,151 87
force
28.
Adirondack Electric Power Corporasupplies
tion,
Allen,
Wm. &
Co.
Inc.,
supplies....
Anthony, Chas. G., services
Anthony, Chas. G., expenses
Ainsworth, Geo. W., improvements...
Beyer, J. A., supplies
Baker, H. W., Linen Co., supplies
Ballston Spa Garage, supplies
Brunner, Bernard, supplies
Blackmer, G. F. & Son, supplies
Capital Roman Stone Co., improve-
ments
49 92
9 50
375 00
2 10
86 64
39 74
273 71
41 00
17 48
19 95
314 10
�.
83
No. IS]
1915.
Aug.
improvements
Harry,
28. Crocker,
$539 83
18 00
18 00
30 00
18 44
10 50
63 96
Collins, C. M., supplies
Daggs, Emery, supplies
Daggs, Emery, damages
The Delaware & Hudson
Co., freight.
.
Dennin, Hugh J., Mgr., special services
Eddy, Daniel & Sons, supplies
Ferris, Albert Warren, M. D., expert
833 33
services
19 05
156 92
Federal Printing Co., printing
The Farmer's Hardware Co., supplies.
The Fairbanks Co., supplies
Fairbanks, Tlie N. K. Co., supplies..
Gailor,
W.
32 00
6 76
41 83
H., supplies
19 31
General Electric Co., supplies
Gailor, John, supplies
Garant, Frank W., supplies
Hodges, Charles K., advertising ......
33 60
154 83
40 00
26 90
32 66
Hewitt, F. V. & Son, supplies
Hartwell & Shackelford, insurance ...
Independent Coal Co., supplies
Ingham, White & Co., insurance
Keuffel
&
23 75
130 00
5 02
Esser Co., supplies
261 28
44 84
160 78
200 53
Leotaud, A. B., improvements
Liquid Carbonic Co., improvements..
Limdgren, Carl J., improvements....
Lyon, J. B. Co., printing
Leonard, J.
5 58
E., supplies
McNulty, James D., insurance
N. Y. Telephone Co., telephone
Ouderkirk & Paine, improvements.
Osborne, Thos. Mott, Agent & Warden,
.
.
.
supplies
Oelschlaeger Bros., supplies
Page Woven Wire Fence
4:
Co., supplies
Postal Telegraph-Cable Co., telegrams
The R. U. V. Co., improvements
James
Rattigan, C.
improvements
Agent & Warden, sup-
A.,
F.,
06
33 72
100 00
3 01
195 00
364 18
19 20
plies
Riker & Hegeman Co., supplies
Roseborn, H. W., advertising
Ritchie Bros., improvements
The Reeves Reagan Paint Co., supplies
Standard Oil Co. of N. Y., supplies.
.
photographs
Shevlin, Geo. F., Mfg. Co., supplies.
H.
25 98
25 00
340 27
1,821 97
140 20
80 45
33 00
The Saratogian, supplies
Settle,
950 37
21 00
Peterson, John, services
Ryall,
193 79
29 60
B.,
.
28 83
�[Senate
84
1915.
Aug.
28. Stenstrom,
Oscar R., services
Stenstrom, Alma, services
$250 00
W. S., improvements
& Son, improvements
Stone & Morris, travel
Starbuck, E. D. & Co., supplies
Snyder,
•
Sherin
Saratoga Coal
Co., supplies
The Sun Printing Co., siipplies
Thomas, R., supplies
Towne-Roblee Hardware Co., supplies
Thompson Laundry The, supplies ....
Tarrant Mfg. Co., supplies
Tarrant,
Wm.
Trombly, John
P.,
B.,
supplies
Agent
& Warden,
supplies
Trimount Press, Printing
Woolworth Co., F. W., supplies
Noland, L. W.,
office
expenses
Ledlie, Thos, R., supplies
Tiemann, Geo. & Co., supplies
Van Voast & Leonard, Insurance
Van Benthuysen, Chas. & Sons,
Inc.,
supplies
Van Deusen, C. C, supplies
Veeder & Brown, improvements
Walker & Gibson, supplies
Wallace, C. H., improvements
Wilkins, Floyd G., supplies
Wait, The F. W. Lime Co., supplies.
Williams, John, improvements
Ledlie, D. B. & Son, improvements.
.
30.
Sept.
7.
8.
.
.
Walker, Elmer A., supplies
Kendrick, Willis Jason, Inc., supplies
Payroll, Aug. 16-31, laborers
Payroll, Aug. 16-31, office and field
force
21. Payroll, Sept.
Payroll,
Sept.
1-15, laborers
1-15,
office
and
field
force
22.
Anthony, Chas. G., service
Anthony, Chas. G., travel
Alberene Stone Company, improvements
Adirondack Electric Power Corporation,
electricity
Baker, H. W. Linen Co., supplies ....
Barber, Ira C, supplies
Boston Belting Co., supplies
Boston & Maine R. R., freight
�.
No. 18]
85
1915.
Sept.
22.
Brunner, Bernard, supplies
Crawford, F. M., services
Delaware & Hudson
$5 93
Co., freight
Eagle Printing Co., advertising
N. Y. Evening Post, advertising
Fairbank, N. K. Co., supplies
The Farmer's Hardware Co., supplies
Gailor,
W.
H.,
improvements
Garrettson, F. P.
Getman, A.
J.,
&
Co., supplies.
.
.
.
.
improvements
General Carbonic Co., supplies
Godfrey, F. N., travel
The Goulds Mfg.
Co., supplies
Hall, Chas. E., travel
Hamm's Garage
Co., Inc., supplies
Handy, Frank H., supplies
Hewitt, F. V. & Son, supplies
Independent Coal Co., supplies
Kendrick, Willis Jason, Inc., supplies
Knickerbocker, J. E., supplies
Ledlie, Thos. K., supplies
Lietzky, H., supplies
Lyon, J. B. Co., printing and stationery
Malloy, Frank, supplies
McNeary, John & Sons, livery
Myers, John G. Co., supplies
National Express Co., express
N. Y. Telephone Co., Telephone
Noland, L. W., travel
Noland, L. W., office expenses
Peabody, George Foster, travel
Pitney, J. V., improvements
The Press
Putnam
Co., advertising
Street Garage, supplies
Eattigan,
C.
F.,
Agent
& Warden,
supplies
Robson & Adee, supplies
Ritchie Bros., improvements
The R. U. V. Co., supplies
Ryall, James A., improvements
City
of
Saratoga
Springs,
water
taxes
Saratoga Coal Co., supplies
Saratoga Ice Co., supplies
Starbuck, E. D. Co., supplies
Tarrant Mfg. Co., improvements
Thompson Laundry, The, supplies ....
Towne-Roblee Hardware Co., supplies.
�[Sei^ate, N'o. IS]
8G
1915.
Sept.
22.
Trombly, John
B.,
Agent & Warden,
$84 50
16 99
35 56
2 20
supplies
Van
Deusen, C. C, supplies
Walker & Gibson, supplies
Wells Pharmacy, supplies
Western Union Telegraph
Co.,
tele-
14 83
grams
69 02
Wilkins, Floyd G., supplies
Williams, F. K., supplies
Williams, John, improvements
Winship, Geo. W., improvements
Worthington, Henry R., supplies....
Cavanaugh, Mary, services
Ferris, Albert Warren, M. D., expert
'
services
Stone
&
Morris, livery
The Sun Printing
Co., printing
Beyer, J. A., supplies
Blackmer, G. F. & Son, Inc., supplies.
National Bottlers' Gazette, advertising
45 50
15 75
181 77
24 31
40 00
I
833 33
20 00
49 75
39 39
I
9 25
7 00
$126,372 56
Balance, October
1,
1915
$31,710 50
�..
RECEIPTS TO DECEMBER
Jan.
7.
15.
April
13.
31, 1915
Wm.
$32 34
H. Manning, wooden pipe
Trustees of Union College, 800 lbs. scrap iron pumps
Wm. A. Heaslip, piece of second-hand railing from
Congress Spring
used Georgia Pine
second-hand window frames
27. Mrs. Ransom Qua, 365 pieces second-hand tile
30. J. Minnehan, second-hand bath tub
Wm. P. Tarrant, 2 second hand bath tubs
J. Lenehan, old wood from Congress Spring
J. Heaslip, 2 old iron tanks from Congress Spring
Chauvim,
20. J.
120-ft.
21. G. Butterfield, 2
.
A. Lavine, scrap iron
Colopietro, old wood
C
J. P.
June
1.
wood
wood
Fitzgerald, old
G. Butterfield, old
A. Lavine, 2 scrap iron stoves
Kayaderosseras Baths, bath and massage receipts.
May
High Rock Baths, bath and massage
receipts.
May
.
E. C. Eaton, 31 second-hand bath tubs
2.
F.
F.
18.
Julv
2.
3.
9.
10.
12.
13.
15.
19.
Brownell, second-hand bath tub
Brownell, 3 rolls barbed wire
M. D. Bradley, Shonts barn and dwelling wrecked.
C.
29.
W.
W.
M. D. Bradley, second-hand bath tub
High Rock Bath House, bath and massage
June 1-29
receipts,
H. Partridge, commission on sale of sanitary
drinking cups
Robson & Adee, commission on sale of sanitary
drinking cups
G. Anibal, sale of spring water
Herbert Hall, sale of spring water
R. Waring, sale of spring water
G. Anibal, sale of spring water
Delaware & Hudson R. R., damage to bath tub...
R. Waring, sale of spring water
R. Waring, sale of spring water
E. C. Eaton, Emperor Spring Building wrecked
303 25
F.
R. Waring, sale of spring water
22. G. Anibal, sale of spring water
24. R. Waring, sale of spring water
20.
water
G. Anibal, sale of spring water
R. Patten, sale of spring water
29. J. Christopher, sale of spring
30.
.
Pedersen, second-hand bath tub
[87]
^ ^'
34 39
10
05
10
25
20 00
15
10
8 00
25
25
25
90
20
30
�[Senate
88
1915
Jiily
31.
High Rock Baths, bath and massage
June
receipts,
30 to July 31
$1,047 25
Lincoln Baths, bath, massage and swimming pool
receipts, July 3-31
Charles
W.
Hill, receipts
from Geyser
coffee
32 10
July 12-31
Aug.
1.
water
R. Waring, sale of spring water
F. H. Partridge, commission on sale of sanitary
10.
10 66
old junk at Kayaderosseras
37 50
Brownell, Cook dwelling and Coesa building
W.
150
wrecked
31.
water
R. Waring, sale of spring water
Kayaderosseras Bath house, sale of old wood
High Rock Bath house, bath and massage receipts,
4.
Bath house, bath, massage and
receipts, August 5-15
Lincoln Baths, bath, massage and swimming pool
receipts, August 1-31
Chas. W. Hill, receipts from Geyser coffee room,
August 1-31
F. H. Partridge, commission on sale of sanitary
G. Anibal, sale of spring
August 1-15
Kayaderosseras
swimming pool
drinking cups
& Adee, commission on sale of sanitary
Robson
drinking cups
16.
John Fahy,
store rent,
August
Irving Coon, sale of box
21.
Sherin
30.
Sherin
& Son, store rent, August
& Son, store rent, September
A. J. Getman, store rent, August and September
Charles W. Hill, receipts from Geyser coffee room,
.
.
.
September 1-16
Lincoln Baths, bath, massage and
receipts, September 1-16
swimming
pool
11.
Nov.
H. Partridge, commission on sale of sanitary
drinking cups
H. Hall, sale of spring water
Mrs. L. W. Noland, Groceries from Geyser coffee
20.
Oct.
room
John Fahy, store rent, September
A. J. Getman, store rent, October
1.
4.
F.
E.
15
05
Bath House
Sept.
84 82
Anibal, sale of spring water
Kaufman & Pletman,
F.
05
&
Adee, commission on sale of sanitary
drinking cups
R. Waring, sale of spring water
Robson
12, G.
23.
25
G. Anibal, sale of spring
drinking cups
8.
2.045 58
room,
W. Kemp,
old windmill on Lincoln property
�A^o.
89
18]
1915
Nov,
5.
Robson & Adee, commission on
sale
of
sanitary
553
drinking cups
Hathorn &
commission's percentage of piolit
due on bottled water sales from the fiscal ycur.
ending September 30, 1915
11. John Fahy, store rent, October
20. General Carbonic Co., compressed carbonic gas for
September and October
F. H. Partridge, commission on sale of sanitary
10.
Co.,
drinking cups
H. Partridge, commission on sale of sanitary
29. F.
drinking cups
Dec.
3.
10.
16.
Delaware & Hudson R. E., damage to Cararra glass.
John Fahy, store rent, November
The Travelers' Insurance Co., refund on canceled
insurance
Standard
oil
Oil
Co. of
New
York, refund on empty
barrels
Delaware & Hudson Co., refund on freight shipment
to San Francisco
18. A. J. Getman, store rent, November
22. General Carbonic Co., compressed gas from May 19
to September 1, 1915
General Carbonic Co., compressed gas for the month
of
28.
November
Sherin
Sherin
29
July
7
August 7
September
11
October 2
November 9
November 30
December
Son, store rent, October
Son, store rent,
November
REMITTANCES TO COMPTROLLER
1915
January 29
March 29
May
&
&
31
3.751
90
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of a Part of Saratoga Springs Made by State Reservation Commission
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1916
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
paper, 16 x 5 1/2 ''
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/8ab0e5dd2abda428a1a6869ecb78c5d6.jpg
f063df1f9054afea59583aa3d0530fee
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of Part of Saratoga Springs Made by the State Reservation Commission
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1916
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
13" x 28 1/4'' (paper)
17'' x 31'' (frame)
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
map
Medium
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
paper
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/1aa8e2804df1e94ddcc0157a89752c23.jpg
7fd65ab20b6e48cb15b07398f17d7432
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of Geyser and LIncoln Parks with Pine Promenades
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1916
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
15 1/2 '' by 32 ''
23 ''x 38 '' (framed) (SSPL)
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
map
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Report
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
Seventh in the annual series of reports by the Commissioners of the Reservation at Saratoga Springs (now Spa State Park). This edition includes a table of contents covering subjects from the bath, bottling and gas businesses to land acquisition to a Spencer Trask memorial to a bathhouse for "colored people", as well as images (see list of plates) and three maps.
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library
Library of Congress
URL
Internet Archive, <a title="1916, 7th Report" href="https://archive.org/details/report08newy">Library of Congress copy of the Report</a>
Related Item
If the item is a part of a book or a manuscript or archival collection, that should be noted here. Think of this field as the "parent item" or "parent collection". Entries in this field should generally be written as full citations.
See Item 100 (the 1915 edition of the report) and the other Reports in the series.
Related Maps
There will be many cases where multiple maps are in effect only slight variations on a single original. If we are certain, or even pretty sure, that one map is just a slightly altered version of another,the related versions should be listed here.
See Item 100 (the 1915 edition of the report) and the other Reports in the series.
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Jordana Dym
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/24/2014
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Property and Development
Recreation
Environment and Conservation
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Seventh Annual Report of the Commissioners of the State Reservation of Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1916
20th century
maps
mineral springs
parks
Saratoga Spa State Park
Saratoga Springs
Spa State Park
springs
tourism
Trask
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/cca129cf9b415c44cb83e4d90cdb4864.jpg
5c86dc49efc45a1aedadbdc77784ba68
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Index Map, Assessment Map of the Outside District of the City of Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/88a37dff5159ef0299f60d9327609d80.jpg
49aa37bebc2c5ee41f7b635f990dca46
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Title Page, Assessment Map of the Outside District of the City of Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Mott, Samuel J.
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1916
Related Maps
There will be many cases where multiple maps are in effect only slight variations on a single original. If we are certain, or even pretty sure, that one map is just a slightly altered version of another,the related versions should be listed here.
Outside Plat Maps
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Assessor's Office, Saratoga Springs City Hall
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Property
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Cities and Towns
Civic Life
Property and Development
Infrastructure and Communication
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
400 ft: 1 in
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Allie Smith
Deirdre Schiff
Creator - Organization
Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map).
State Tax Commission
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1916
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This map details the outside districts of the city of Saratoga Springs, including the outlined area of the inside district. This map was created by city engineer Samuel J. Mott at the request of the new City Council in 1916. The State Tax Commission approved the map in 1917.
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Zoning maps
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation (D &H, R.R.)
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Fish Creek (N.Y.: Creek)
Kayaderosseras Creek (Saratoga County, N.Y.)
Lake Lonely (N.Y. : Lake)
Saratoga Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
Scale 400 feet to 1 inch.
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
2/9/2015
3/9/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map Showing Sections of the Map of the Assessment Map of Outside District of the City of Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1916
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Mott, Samuel J.
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Assessment Map of the Outside District of the City of Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Description
An account of the resource
Samuel J. Mott's map of the newly-promoted City of Saratoga Springs highlights the two principal tax assessment areas, the inside and outside districts. These districts echoe the dividing line between the village and town of Saratoga Springs, established in 1826.
Language
A language of the resource
eng
city plan
inside district
map
Mott
outside district
tax map
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/c4d5143c3c094473c8448b5ab0a4b958.jpg
7743fee029e62814980ef7d8c43510df
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Mott, Samuel J.
Creator - Organization
Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map).
State Tax Commission
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1916
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
January 6, 1916
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1916
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This map details the districts of the city of Saratoga Springs after it was incorporated. This map focuses on the Broadway/downtown area.
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
City Plan
Zoning maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Cities and Towns
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Compass rose
Greenridge Cemetery (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)--Corporation Line
Woodlawn Oval (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Woodlawn Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Geyser Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Loughberry Lake (N.Y. : Lake)
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Deirdre Schiff
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
3/9/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map Showing Territory Covered by Sections of Assessment Map of Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1916
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Mott, Samuel J.
map
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/fd6271beefa5bd96430d4e634e0d10df.jpg
25e3c6ddb1700a221bdda6a24d53b6b1
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Harry T. Burleigh 150th Commemoration
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
[Aerial view of Grand Union Hotel, with Congress Park in Foreground]
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1916
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
George S. Bolster Collection
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Saratoga Springs History Museum.
Rights Holder
A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.
Saratoga Springs History Museum. Please do not copy, print, republish or use without permission from the Saratoga Springs History Museum.
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/36a647afe261a3fee6d3bffef8baf45a.jpg
11a78ab0d132d3ec588245fcaa4ce591
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/4bc9850cc573a62dd2b9504f9797aa36.jpg
49a4fa97997d01e120f45ed63c2c71fc
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
The City Archives (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
City
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Zoning maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Property and Development
Place of Publication
The city (and if necessary) state or country of publication.
[Saratoga Springs]
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
400 feet to the inch
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
J. Dym
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
3/28/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map Showing Sections of the Assessment Map of Outside District of the City of Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1916/1917
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Assessment Map of the Outside District of the City of Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Mott, Samuel J.
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
map
Description
An account of the resource
Samuel J. Mott's map of the newly-promoted City of Saratoga Springs highlights the two principal tax assessment areas, the inside and outside districts. These districts echoe the dividing line between the village and town of Saratoga Springs, established in 1826.
city planning
civil engineer
inside district
map
Mott
outside district
Saratoga Springs
tax map
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/3d1a39c74df3988dc61489b39de34324.jpg
a62ca90be97936f61598263925c3135c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Harry T. Burleigh 150th Commemoration
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
photograph
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
J. Dym
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
28/4/2021
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1917
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1917
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1917
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1917
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
Photograph from the collections of the University of Washington, used in the Harry Burleigh 150th Anniversary exhibition.
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Burleigh, Harry T.
African American composers--United States
Subject - Name
Names of individuals associated with the item. Last name first.
For Maps: People represented on the map itself. In nearly every case, this field will be used when people are pictured on the map (several maps in this project are decorated with photographs or engravings in the margins). Use authorized versions of the name from the Library of Congress Name Authority File where possible.
Burleigh, Harry T.
URL
https://digitalcollections.lib.washington.edu/digital/collection/portraits/id/293
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Harry T. Burleigh
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1917
March, 1917
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Mishkin Studio
Subjects (LCTGM) Autographs
Subjects (LCSH) Burleigh, H. T. (Harry Thacker), 1866-1949; African American composers--United States
Location Depicted United States -- New York
Description
An account of the resource
Photograph of Harry T. Burleigh, March 1917, with handwritten name and date, and "Mishkin Studios" stamped on the photograph.
PH Coll 663.4
https://digitalcollections.lib.washington.edu/digital/iiif/portraits/293/full/full/0/default.jpg
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Mishkin Studio, N.Y.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
photograph
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Citation Information University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections, [Order Number or Negative Number]
Repository University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections
Repository Collection Nettie J. Asberry Photograph Collection. PH Coll 663
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/fe81192201497d5675426f5aa88dc81e.jpeg
ef04b8708495f29a945a77a4707241c2
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Saratoga County
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Organization
Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map).
Department of Agriculture
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Zack Kouli
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
9 May 2021
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Saratoga County soil map
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1917?
Description
An account of the resource
Soil map of Saratoga County, possibly from 1917
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/35f379f7e6868f41afc63e73d3af1c66.png
7bea7c4250f69c622704dc4e98163bfe
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Harry T. Burleigh 150th Commemoration
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Sometimes I feel like a motherless child
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1918
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
G. Ricordi, New York (N.Y.)
Description
An account of the resource
First line: Sometimes I feel like a motherless child
Edition: High. Plate no.: 116498-4.
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Burleigh, H. T. (Harry Thacker), 1866-1949, composer
Subject
The topic of the resource
Spirituals (Songs)
Burleigh, Harry
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Duke University Libraries
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/89024bda64a3a93ffb01aeaaf70a3fd7.jpg
35a94f380bc8e5901b19f3e02e577244
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Saratoga County
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
b/w photograph
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Miles Herman
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/5/2021
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
10/16/1918
URL
National Archives Record: <a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/45499357">https://catalog.archives.gov/id/45499357</a> <br /><br />Reproduced as Image 29 of 42 from https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/The-Spanish-flu-100-years-later-May-we-never-13416907.php
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
October 16, 1918
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
Medical Department - Influenza Epidemic 1918 - Masks as protection against influenza. Street cleaner wearing the influenza mask , Underwood & Underwood, N.Y.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Street Cleaner in Mask
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1918
Description
An account of the resource
The original caption on this Oct. 21, 1918, photo read: "Mask worn to check influenza spread. The admonition of the New York Health Board to wear masks to check the spread of influenza epidemic has been headed. 'Better ridiculous than dead' is the view of one official."
Title: Mask worn to check Influenza spread
Date: Oct 21, 1918
Creator: Unknown
Provenance:
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
National Archives , Presented as Image 29 of 42 from Bethany Bump, "The Spanish Flu: 100 Years Later," <em>The Times Union</em>, November 25, 2018. URL: <a href="https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/The-Spanish-flu-100-years-later-May-we-never-13416907.php">https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/The-Spanish-flu-100-years-later-May-we-never-13416907.php</a>
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/82347a75877a928ef2bdfe07bb7f2c82.png
62e1ab3b7b472a1cc7e22083610e53e6
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/d59662066c281b347e8f2b08c5d02f44.jpg
5320709271b0abcda6ab554d6d0a272c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Harry T. Burleigh 150th Commemoration
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
URL
Wikipedia entry, James Reese Europe, <a title="James Reese Europe" href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/JREurope.jpg">https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/JREurope.jpg</a>
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Library of Congress
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
James Reece Europe
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1919
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Sheet music cover for "Good Night Angeline" with photo of en:James Reese Europe and his famous 369th U.S. Infantry "Hell Fighters" Band.
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/51b93ce7778b62b0737eac62611df143.jpg
01022ea7d47e1e6a63260f8d24470484
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ballston High Theater Production Photo
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1920
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Brookside Museum
Description
An account of the resource
Cast of what is probably a Ballston Spa High School theater production, on stage.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Howard L Humes
ballston
Ballston Spa
high school
performing arts
photo
Photography
theater
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/a45f5e9f8df657f40fa2e950b5368a4f.jpg
4b8258dab1766038f6d92c2f34ad73ab
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Organization
Company, government agency, or other organization responsible for creating the item (the publisher should not be listed again here unless the same organization had a role other than that of publisher in sponsoring or creating the map).
Hotel Continental
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1921
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1921
Caption
This field will include transcriptions of text that appears on or around the item, at the discretion of the cataloger. It should include relevant bibliographic information that is not given in the title, for example, "Top of map: 'EXAMPLE NEEDED' Publisher and printer information might also be included in this field: "EXAMPLE NEEDED.'" Note that the location of the printed text is given in the field itself and that the caption information is always included in quotes.
Middle of map: 'Clean- comfortable
Reasonable- renovated
New management
80 rooms
"The good old Continental"
Light- cool- spacious
Central.'
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
This uniquely heart-shaped advertisement map depicts a small portion of Saratoga Springs downtown Broadway area, focusing on the Continental Hotel. In addition to the hotel, railways, banks, theaters, and tourist sites are depicted. The map describes the favorable amenities of the Continental Hotel, including its central position.
Arrows on the map direct the viewer to the hotel and to other tourist destinations that are not depicted on the map like Albany, the State Baths, and Lake George.
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
Neighborhood/District
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Aerial views
Pictorial maps
Tourist maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Transportation
Recreation
Travel and Tourism
Subject - Details
This subject field describes the amount of detail in a map.
For maps: (or layers) included on the map itself. This field might denote that the map includes information about, for example, Mountains, Railroads, Soundings, Elevation, or Population. These are controlled-vocabulary terms developed locally. The cataloger should be generous in assigning these terms -- even if only one canal is visible on the map, it should receive a "Canals" subject in this layer.
Some of these terms are less specific than others and may warrant expansion in the Abstract field. For example, the "Businesses" term might be included here while the Abstract notes that the map shows mills and stores. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Adirondack Trust Co. (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
City Hall (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Park (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Congress Theatre (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Continental Hotel (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation (D &H, R.R.)
Post Office (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Railroad Place (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga National Bank (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)-- Broadway
Saratoga Springs Chamber of Commerce
State Baths (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
State Mineral Waters (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Transportation--trolley station
Western Union Telegraph Office (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Subject - Geographic
Library of Congress subject headings.
For maps: for major geographic locations depicted on the map, followed, in nearly every case, by the "Maps" genre subheading. (For example, "Saratoga Springs (N.Y.) -- Maps.") This field will be especially important when the records from this collection are incorporated into larger databases and catalogs.
Saratoga Springs (N.Y.)
Vichy Spring (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.)
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Deirdre Schiff
Allie Smith
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Wagar, F(red). L.
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
6/12/2014
3/27/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Hotel Continental, Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
POINT(-8214254.9786861 5324171.260042566)|16|-8214125.9912009|5324014.9896142|osm
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1921
Description
An account of the resource
This uniquely heart-shaped advertisement map depicts a small portion of Saratoga Springs downtown Broadway area, focusing on the Continental Hotel.
Broadway
business
Congress Park
Hotel Continental
railroads
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/9b74e0387c19896bcebae4625225da5d.jpg
cd105cbe4017cb74e58f26480e347666
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
April 16, 1923
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
4/16/1923
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Saratoga County Historian's Office (Saratoga County, N.Y.)
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
Property
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Plat maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Property and Development
Subject - Name
Names of individuals associated with the item. Last name first.
For Maps: People represented on the map itself. In nearly every case, this field will be used when people are pictured on the map (several maps in this project are decorated with photographs or engravings in the margins). Use authorized versions of the name from the Library of Congress Name Authority File where possible.
Mott, Samuel J.
Ritchie
Scale
The scale of the item (if known)
1 inch to 50 feet
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Jordana Dym
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
3/12/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Map of the Property of James Ritchie, Saratoga Springs, N.Y.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1923
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Mott, Samuel J.
map
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/1600344f1f27469c088fd8b3cea356c5.jpg
cbe19ddd5399663b8559c1840f53a79f
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mapping Saratoga Springs
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1700-
Map
Cartographic document
Creator - Individual
Name of the person or people responsible for creating the item.
Mailer, Theodore G. (?Hailes)
Webb, Charles (surveyor)
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1708
Date Depicted (Numeric)
Date that the information on the item depicts. In many cases, this will be the same date as that in the date field, but there will be exceptions. For example, a historical map drawnin 1890 might show Saratoga Springs as it was in 1820. Or, the information on the map itself might include detailed information that enables us to extrapolate a date, for example, "based on a survey done in 1841." Many State Archives map catalog records refer to this as the "situation date."
1708
Date Published (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the date field that will display.
1923
Date Published (Numeric)
Date the item was printed. This will be set as a date field, accommodating only numbers. The field will be able to handle single dates or date ranges. This will not display, but will be indexed and searchable.
1923
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
A 1923 blueprint plan of the 1772 Kayaderosseras Patent map held by the county historian. The text of the map title has been transcribed.
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Saratoga Room, Saratoga Springs Public Library
Scope
Tiered geographical location (for example: United States, New York State, Saratoga County, Saratoga Springs, Congress Park). This field is here for two reasons: first, to present, at its narrowest level, the scope of the entire item (in other words, not every place name has to be listed here). Second, this field will allow for accurate and helpful narrowing and broadening of geographic searches.
Other
Type
For Maps: This subject field describes the purpose of the map. This is a controlled-vocabulary field using terms developed for this project. It is important to note that Map Theme and Map Type are not hierarchical, thus it is possible to have the two fields overlap or even duplicate each other. In determining the purpose of the map, the cataloger should consider the publisher, and, (if known) original use of the map. For example, a map that shows a wide variety of information might be a candidate for General in the map_type field, however, if it was prepared by the state geologist and contains, in addition to everything else, substantial information about the geology and topography of the state, it would be classified as a Geological map. Multiple terms can be used in this field.
Property maps
Topographic maps
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Discovery and Exploration
Property and Development
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
J. Dym
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
3/29/2015
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
A Map of the Survey and Partition of all that Tract of Land situate, lying and being in the county of Albany known by the name of KAYADEROSSERAS alias QUEENSBOROUGH for the partition whereof...
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1923
map
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/eedbead97dd39adb4267c37ef02d2d43.jpeg
9e6d80a5365d248ed431ffbbc8bcc94d
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Saratoga County
Map
Cartographic document
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1777
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Zack Kouli
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
9 May 2021
URL
Hosted at the Schenectady Digital History Archive, <a href="http://www.schenectadyhistory.org/resources/mvgw/maps/saratoga-oriskany_campaign_map-300.jpg">http://www.schenectadyhistory.org/resources/mvgw/maps/saratoga-oriskany_campaign_map-300.jpg</a>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Saratoga Orikansky Campaign, 1777
Description
An account of the resource
Map which shows how many of the forts, battles, and movements of revolutionary war activity in Saratoga County were along the water.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1925
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
Nelson Greene, ed. History<em> of the Mohawk Valley: Gateway to the West 1614-1925 </em>(Chicago: The S. J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1925).
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
The S. J. Clarke Publishing Company
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Greene, Nelson
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/7430f1c538378926ffda5b7ac5856eac.jpg
8dde658a5127b16a2a58085e3c70976a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Harry T. Burleigh 150th Commemoration
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
A portrait of Harry T. Burleigh dressed in choir robes. Original in the collections of the Library of Congress.
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
J. Dym
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
27/11/2016
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Knight, Thomas Coke
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1927
Title
A name given to the resource
Harry Thacker Burleigh, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing right
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
photograph
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/00270cbd2c6bd72213141b5fc5f74081.jpg
f20905272eb8c88e17de9ee1517a0812
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Saratoga County
Physical Object
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
model
Record Contributor
Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.
Mattie Saulnier
Record Creation Date
Day/Month/Year of record creation/edit
05/05/2021
Date Depicted (Display)
Text version of the date field -- can handle non-numeric characters (ca. 1850s, [1844]). This is the content date field that will display.
1927
Repository
Name of the repository that holds the original item.
Brookside Museum, Saratoga County Historical Society (Ballston Spa, N.Y.)
Theme
For browsing purposes, we are borrowing and adapting themes from the Library of Congress's American Memory project.
Transportation
URL
Brookside museum- <a href="https://brookside.pastperfectonline.com/webobject/172B676B-7C8D-4B02-808F-453607432501">https://brookside.pastperfectonline.com/webobject/172B676B-7C8D-4B02-808F-453607432501</a>
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
Object dimensions: 23.5 x 4.75 x 7.5 inches
Abstract (& Historical Note)
Natural language description of the map itself, providing a general summary of the map and noting significant features.
This is the place to introduce keywords and proper names that might be of interest to researchers, but do not warrant a separate subject heading of their own. Inset maps should also be described here, with their full titles given.
Whenever historical or explanatory information is available, it should be included here as well. This includes information about items or events that are larger than just the map itself; for example, information about cartographers, a description of the map's historical significance (for example, "This is the first printed map of Saratoga Springs"), notes on the laws leading to a map's creation, descriptions of changes in state or county lines, information about the organization that created the map, how often maps were updated, and information about the map's creation and publication. Many State Archives maps have historical information in the catalog record -- that should be captured in this field.
Brookside record: Two pieces: Trolley car and base. Trolley car: Green-painted trolley car (23.5 x 4.75 x 7.5) with yellow/gold roof and lettering "Ballston Terminal Railroad Co. - A.N. Chandler - Baggage and Express"; black-painted steps, undercarriage. <br /><br />See Timothy Starr's<a href="https://ballstonhistory.angelfire.com/bicentennial.htm"> 2007 article</a> on the Ballston Spa Railroad for additional information.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Streetcar - Electric Model
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1927
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Mattie Saulnier
Description
An account of the resource
Two pieces: Trolley car and base. Trolley car: Green-painted trolley car (23.5 x 4.75 x 7.5) with yellow/gold roof and lettering "Ballston Terminal Railroad Co. - A.N. Chandler - Baggage and Express"; black-painted steps, undercarriag
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Brookside Museum
Ballston Spa
model
railroad
transportation
trolley
-
https://www.ssmp.mdocs.skidmore.edu/files/original/1706734e3a3f4b51bad7ae9b1f8d05e8.jpg
b5826d461b9ac26155f2f35ba7366706
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Photography
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ballston Spa High School football team
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Brookside Museum
Description
An account of the resource
Ballston Spa High School football team, 1929. Back row: John Wiles, William Boyce, Charlie DeChants, Tect Peck, Art Straniese, Red Williams, George Hannah Front row: Jack Humphrey (manager), Harold Cull, Jack Hathorn, Bud ____, George McDonough, Jack
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Howard L Humes
Ballston Spa
football
high school
sports
team