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                    <text>Ann Schapps Schaffer ‘62 Interview Log
00:00:00 Class of 1962
00:00:10 Majored in Romance Languages: Spanish, French, and Italian
00:00:20 When graduated, worked for United Nations in translation
00:00:30 Tutored in Spanish, Italian, and Latin once starting family
00:00:35 Started taking class, “Collecting Art Successfully”
00:00:45 Only took one art history class at Skidmore
00:01:10 Started teaching class on purchasing contemporaty art
00:01:30 Trustee at Montclair Art Museum and a trustee of ICI, trustee at Museum of
Modern Art, Co-Chair Photography Council at Guggenheim, and involvement at Tang,
Vice President of the National Advisory Council
00:03:00 Interest in culture started at Skidmore: lectures, such as Robert Frost
00:03:30 Gave interviews to prospective students, and donate financially
00:04:20 When bump into other Skidmore alum, a lot of friends in the art world
00:04:51 Opened home to Art History class to see personal contemporary art collection
00:05:20 Likes art that’s photograph based, where what you see is not what you get
00:06:00 When language major, you read the greatest works
00:07:00 Loved sociology and psychology courses
00:07:50 Since all girls school, encouraged to cement solid friendships
00:08:00 Didn’t worry about boys, so went to more lectures, met with Professors
instead
00:09:00 Memories of Happy Pappy Weekend, when fathers would come to visit
Skidmore
00:09:30 Daily life in dorms: had strict curfews, and spent time in other’s rooms
as an international student helped students settle into Saratoga
00:10:15 No phones, fax machines, or computers
00:10:30 Wrote papers, had to white out letters, and retype letters
00:10:45 Spoke to parents max once a week, and maybe now with technology lack of
independence
00:12:25 Creative Though Matters has always been underpinning of school, all girls
school made that possible, because some girls may have been shy to express opinion
with strong male voices in the room
00:13:00 Geared to think that we could do anything
00:16:45 Donated with what her and Ian Berry thought best to learn with at Tang
00:18:10 Even if you don’t see friends for a while, pick up where you left off
00:19:30 Tried to engage his personal background for other students to understand his
background
00:22:00 Tries to use his resources now to help others get similar oppurnities
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                    <text>Melvis Langyintuo ‘12 Interview Log
00:00:00 From Tamale, Ghana
00:00:10 Double Major in Business &amp; Management and Economics
00:00:20 Lives in Downtown Manhattan and is a trader at Goldman Sachs
00:00:40 At Skidmore involved in International Student body and Student Government
00:01:00 Class President
00:01:20 Currently involved in local Skidmore Happy Hours and an Alum Finance
Group
00:01:50 Sister recently graduated from Skidmore
00:02:00 Feels like hasn’t left when comes back to campus
00:02:40 Well aware of things going on at Skidmore
00:03:30 Notices student diversity population has grown
00:04:00 Growing investments in infrastructure
00:04:40 Midnight Dodgeball event freshman year
00:05:55 Took Education Department class, School and Society
00:08:00 Winning first Liberty League Basketball Tournament for Skidmore and repeat
senior year
00:09:30 Success of Dodgeball Event spurred interest in SGA
00:11:00 Helped bind community, biggest group of students back for alumni reunion
weekend
00:12:30 Academics helped work as a trader and interest in philanthropy
00:13:15 Works for Pencils for Promise, an organization that builds schools in
Guatemala Ghana, and Laos. Raised over $120,000
00:15:30 Experience as an international student helped students settle into Saratoga
00:19:30 Tried to engage his personal background for other students to understand his
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00:22:00 Tries to use his resources now to help others get similar oppurnities
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                    <text>Millie Tan ‘77 Interview Log
June 7, 2017
00:00:03 Class of 1977, from Jackson Heights, Queens, in New York City
00:00:12 Lives in Chapel Hill, North Carolina
00:00:23 Major in History and Minor in Secondary Education
00:00:40 An average week was a mix of classes, studying, and interactions with
classmates of all classes
00:01:00 Lived in a co-ed dorm and remembers late night conversations
00:01:35 Remembers a long conversation on world hunger
00:03:50 First thought would be an English major until took a course with Tad Corroda
who became mentor
00:02:50 Took courses in Philosophy and branched out in social sciences
00:06:00 Chinese-American parents didn’t read or write Chinese or English
00:06:40 Visited Skidmore, completely different than Queens
00:07:30 Insecure about inexperience to extracurricular that other students had
00:08:38 Skidmore allowed Millie to develop through professors and classmates
00:10:00 Weren’t many minorities, smattering of international students
00:13:00 Didn’t feel that there was much activism
00:14:04 Felt Skidmore was a bubble, everything was possible, little obstacles to make
things happen
00:17:145 Social, interpersonal, building aspect had a long impact on Millie
00:18:40 Loves “Creative Thought Matters”
00:19:00 Strong believer in the liberal arts education
00:21:00 Regrets not studying abroad, thought wasn’t affordable
00:22:08 Feeling of serenity on campus
00:23:12 Worked in Dining Hall
00:25:20 At reunion, reconnecting with friends
00:30:50 Skidmore creates a community and hopes that continues
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June 6, 2017
00:00:00 Graduated in 2012
00:00:12 Double Majored in Business and Economics and Double Minored in Spanish
and Honors
00:00:19 Involved in Student Government and Integrity Board
00:00:30 Lives in San Francisco, from Bay Area
00:00:41 Worked in for Kaiser Permanente and does internal consulting
00:01:07 Will get NBA in Fall at Northwester Kellogg School of Business
00:01:40 London Freshman at Skidmore, went recently traveling in Europe
00:02:02 Went to New Orleans with friends from Skidmore
00:03:00 Still involved with friends and network, core friends, friends I work with
00:03:20 Help other Skidmore alum with jobs
00:03:40 First time back at Skidmore
00:05:00 Student Government story, political discussions. Occupy Wall Street began,
00:05:40 For an Occupy Skidmore event, put on Throughbread costume
00:06:50 Started Thoroughthreads, an ironic humor clothing company with friends
00:07:12 Developed a business plan through major and worked with 5 local businesses
00:10:00 Terrence Blanchard spoke at Graduation
00:10:20 Blanchard was part of Freshman reading for Scribner Seminar
00:10:30 Spoke for Senior Class Gift at graduation
00:11:20 Intro to Business Class is memorable, MB107 with Professor D’abate
00:11:40 First time realized he was smart
00:12:20 Became an MB107 coach
00:12:51 Took a ballet class: Mind, Body &amp; Spirit
00:15:03 Doesn’t miss small beds in dorms
00:15:50 Misses having friends that encourage you to do well and be well
00:16:30 Misses comradery in D-Hall (Dining Hall)
00:17:31 Notice physical changes on campus (ADA compliant walk way)
00:18:45 When a freshman, tried to absorb everything
00:20:00 Used stipend in London
00:21:15 Being Student Government President was meaningful as leader of peers
00:23:50 People come together when it “matters” in terms of political activism
00:24:30 Tensions regarding race relations
00:27:00 Students are transient

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                  <text>Many people who have worked or studied at Skidmore College or lived in Saratoga Springs or the surrounding area carry the memories that help us tell the stories of our communities. &#13;
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This collection offers a glimpse into our past in the voices of those who have shared their stories.</text>
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Skidmore College, Palamountain Hall</text>
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              <text>Eberhardt, Sophia</text>
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              <text>[SE] What was an av-average week at Skidmore?&#13;
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[MW] I don't know, I was thinking about being here in the very early 80s, oh, I arrived in fall of 1980, and, what I was thinking first about was how much Saratoga's different, which may not pertain exactly to your Skidmore question, but, um, I remember my freshman suitemates and I went downtown and found a really, kind of seedy, backroom pool hall, and we used to like to play pool there once a week and it seemed to me, that that represents the kind of Saratoga that's no longer here. You know, it wasn't entirely upscale bourgeois at that point, it was still a little bit seedy in some places there were a lot of buildings that were unoccupied, there were a lot of storefronts without stores in them, um, I think there were, maybe, more, maybe this is a fantasy, but more, artistic people who, you know, could afford to live in Saratoga, rather than wealthy people, as there are now who can afford to live in Saratoga, so it feels like the, the, the feel of the town is considerably different. [00:01:13.403] &#13;
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Um, a normal week in town would also have meant, in those days, for me, taking the bus to Moore Hall, which was our dorm on Union Avenue, uh, [it] was the last dormitory that Skidmore kept from the old campus which was still in place, and was still, um, a place where sophomores, juniors, and seniors would live, so, I do remember the first year I lived there, taking the bus around twilight in the winter and feeling, you know I was kind of isolated and far away from campus, so it felt sometimes a little bit, uh, like you were out of the mix of your normal, collegiate life, which was both good and also a little strange, sometimes, [inaudible], um, so that was part of the week, definitely, going back and forth on the bus that I remember. [00:02:06.524] &#13;
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It was also, I think, the dorm that I would say, [had] a more bohemian element, that the college lived in, so there were a lot of, uh, artist types there, and, uh, people who thought of it as a little bit of a different place to live, on, on campus, so there was quite a cast of characters there, and, it had its own dining hall, so, um, of course there was still a dining hall on campus here, but it had- it retained its old dining hall which was Skidmore's old dining hall, so, um, the denisons of that particular dormitory would, you know, gather in that dining hall, I remember an interesting cast of characters, a guy named Clark who would always take, uh, the effervescence, or the carbonation, out of his sodas, so he would spend a lot of time filling up soda, uh, filling up glasses of soda and then with his spoon, uh, clinking, the spoon, around through the ice and getting the effervescence to get away so he could drink it [00:03:07.929]&#13;
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Um, there were quite a few people who were, you know, notably eccentric, and it was also, it must be said, at that time, um, quite a drug center I would think. You know, Skidmore didn't, I mean, Saratoga didn't necessarily have a lot of, uh, a lot of industry at that time, but I think there were a number of young people who were selling elicit drugs out of, out of Moore Hall in those days, um, there were some international students, I remember, who, you know, seemingly have a very lucrative full time job it seemed, outside of their studies, in those, in those days. And that seemed to be a little bit based in Moore Hall, so, uh, that was, you know that wasn't, that wasn't part of my week, because I was, I was on an abstinence plan, and I never took drugs of any kind, um, my mother, wisely, made me very [afraid?] of all that stuff, but there were others,  probably, who did, so, [there would be?], there would be a little bit of, uh, that kind of element going on down there. But it was, you know, it was still almost the 70s, it was early 80s, and, I guess there was still some of that permissiveness, not that the college would've permitted it, I don't suppose, but it seemed, I think, a little looser now -- then -- than it does now, probably, in all manner of things, and maybe, maybe students weren't, weren't quite so, um, overseen, I guess, in a way. So that's not really much of a schedule of a week but a scan of reassociation. [00:04:37.098]&#13;
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[SE] Do you feel like the students who were on Skidmore's campus then reflected the community in the -- like, in the Saratoga public more, um, and does that correlate to how Skidmore students are with correlation to the public now? [00:04:53.924]&#13;
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[MW] Ya that's a good question, um, it's a little hard for me to remember. I don't feel, that at least, I and my group of friends had a lot to do with Saratoga, I mean, despite going to play pool in the pool hall or, uh, going downtown. When I arrived at Skidmore the drinking age was 18, so people did go to bars and certain ones were Skidmore identified, I would guess, so we, we -- uh, I guess we socialized downtown, maybe, you know, maybe earlier than some Skidmore students do now, but I don't remember having a lot of interactions with townspeople outside of, you know, people who worked at the bank, or bartended, or served food. So I don't know if that's different, I mean, you have a better sense of what it's like now, but it's not your interview, we don't have to talk about that [laugh]. Um, but it, it feels to me that the campus and the people on the campus are more intergrated and perhaps a little more welcome and also welcoming to the people of the town now than they were then, [it] seems still pretty separate, um, I think it was, it would have been, of course, quite a while since the school became co-ed, so it was, you know, no longer thought of as a women's college, but there were still many more women at the college than men, I think it was still 3 or 4 to one ratio, maybe, at that time. And, I think the town still, probably, certainley people who had been here for a while still thought of it as, as -- as a rather posh school for wealthy young women and maybe that made them feel that it was still a separate entity from them, um. And, certainly there were still, you know, kids of means who went to the college and kids who drove very fancy cars, the likes of which I certainley didn't have or wouldn't have seen, and, I think, you know, in this town that wasn't booming economically at that point there was still probably a perception that this was a place for the wealthy to go to school and that probably retained something of a divide in there, before. [00:07:01.722]&#13;
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[SE] Um, so, since you weren't really involved with, like, the Saratoga public when you were here, what factors made you decide to come here and teach and live here?&#13;
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[MW] Hm, well I suppose that had to do largely with wanting to come back and work with Robert and Peg Boyers on Salmagundi Magazine, so uh, that, that became, kinda, my family when I was here as an undergraduate and they became my family in a way, I was very close to them. As a student I worked on the magazine, um, and spent a lot of time in what I aspired to, which was kind of their adult world of being intellectuals and loving arts and writers, um, so for me, Skidmore represented, uh, that world very strongly, and it was something that I was powerfully drawn to because I was here. And when I came back I came back initially, in a way that maybe, wasn't necessarily, going to seem permanent, but, Bob and Peg were on sabatical. I had a reason to want to -- nothing criminal -- but I had a reason I wanted to leave where I was and do something else and, um, and there was this opportunity to come back and, and help on the magazine while they were gone, and teach a few courses, so I came back for those reasons, and it wasn't, I don't think, at all because I didn't enjoy Saratoga when I was here as an undergraduate, um, I did I loved the town and I loved walking in the town, I love the architecture, um, I loved, actually, some of the sense that the grandness of the town had become compromised, because people couldn't keep up the houses anymore and there were numbers of houses on North Broadway which seemed unoccupied, weren't used in the summer even, and weren't kept up, and that was true all over town. So it's still, it kind of had a, had a bit of, um, degenerated charm, in some way, which I liked in a, uh -- and the town had a lot of, uh, a lot of charm for me in that way so I, I always loved being here even if I didn't feel, you know, like I did all that much with people in town off campus. [00:09:22.806] Um, but, so coming back was not dictated by the fact that Saratoga is Saratoga but it certainly helped that it was an interesting town, um, and when I -- when I was here as an undergraduate I didn't have anything to do with Caffe Lena, but by the time I came back I was much more involved I guess with folk music and contemporary singer-songwriter music was something I cared a lot about in Boston and Cambridge when I was in grad  school before I came back, and by, so by the time back, Caffe Lena was really on the map for me, almost immidiately when I got back here, and I spent a lot of time at Caffe Lena. One of my classmates at Skidmore was, at that point, running Caffe Lena, in the early 90s, and I, I came back in 1990, and I spent a lot of time at the Caffe, playing and hanging out, and sometimes helping and doing things there, um. I remember when Ani DiFranco, which may not be a musician you know or might be, was sending her first tapes around, and Barbara ?Harris?, who was the manager at the Caffe at that time, opened the tape and, I guess I came in later that day or that night and she said "Oh, I want you to listen to this, it's really different and I think it's something we should consider," and it seemed very out of the box for the Caffe, I mean, it was identifiably singer-songwriter, acoustic-based music, which was their bread and butter, but it was sharp and it was, you know, irreverent, and it was political and it was edgy, um, in terms of its sexual content, um, all things like that. [00:11:05.066] So it wasn't a given for Caffe Lena, which, you know, probably hadn't had that much edge in that way, and we listened to it together and thought "Wow this is great," so Barbara invited Ani to come and play, um, at the Caffe, and I got to open that show, which was terrifically fun, small crowd the first time, maybe 14 people, 20 people, I don't know, and she was just a knock out. So that's to say, um, there was a lot going on, still, artistically, in town, that I started to discover when I came back in the early 90s, and for me Caffe Lena was really central to that. And at that time, and I guess that's a good way to, sort of, answer, not so much how students interacted with town in my day, but how they did in the 90s at least, there were a number of students who were actively, um, involved in Caffe Lena either as volunteers or as musicians who played regularly or came to open mics, um, and so my students who became friends, uh, during that period would spend a lot of time at Caffe Lena too, so there was a real connection there, uh, for the students who liked that kind of music and wanted to involve themselves. So that was a really great bridge to town, I think, for a lot of people, and I believe, even though I didn't have that experience as an undergraduate, since the 60s that's been a really strong bridge between town and campus for people who like that world. [00:12:26.977]&#13;
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[SE] Do you feel like that's something that, like, music especially, is something that Skidmore values, and maybe how -- it's more of like how, what are some of the values of Skidmore that you have seen change, and that you hope to not change, and maybe some things that you hope to change, but, I know that music here is such, is such a scene and obviously that is reflected in the town as well and at SPAC and... [00:12:56.207]&#13;
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[MW] No, that's a, that's a good point, um, I'm trying to think back to undergraduate days in the music scene and, I think it was strong, I definitely knew a number of musicians and [had] a couple of bands of certain kinds that weren't particularly formal, I guess, but we did play, played out a little bit and there were certainly students who had musical inclinations and the culture was strong and certainly classical music culture at the college was strong then as well. There were, I think, already, no -- yea, maybe Filene, there were Filene scholars already, at that point, so some friends were gifted classical pianists, what have you. Um, and then certainly when I came back in the 90s there seemed to be, maybe, more musicians somehow, I don't know if that's true or quantifiable, and ever since there's been a great string of musicians, bands, individuals, singers, who have found that really important, so yea, I think the college has a definite, um, element that, that's highly musical, and not everyone, I suppose, finds their way to Caffe Lena, but, uh, those who do find that connection pretty strong, and -- I'm trying to think of some more stories of those early days, well, and um, Garrett ?Duten? who now is, I think his last name is Duten, who is the person behind G-Love and Special Sauce, went to Skidmore, which, uh, many people know, but uh I remember when he was in my class, probably in the earlier mid-90s, can't quite remember, um, he's played a lot at Caffe Lena, so he would go down there and, and do open mics, and maybe even had a show or two, I'm not sure, as a student I'm not positive about that, [00:14:47.061] and the [?apocrable?], maybe it's true, [mumble] but maybe [?a powerful?] story was that he told his parents that he really wanted to make a go at being a musician and they supported it with the provisal that if he didn't, within a year, sort of establish himself as a musician, um, he could go back to college and they would support his education, but if he took more than a year and then wanted to go back later, um, maybe they wouldn't, so, within a year, sounds too neat chronologically, but maybe it's true, he had a Columbia Records contract, and that was that [laugh], so there were some, certainly some gifted musicians who played there and, and people whos names you don't know, um, haven't had careers in music or were really talented, it was, it was a good scene, and uh, there was a lot of cross-over between how Lively Lucys on campus in those days and the people who were involved with Caffe Lena, um, Barbara Harris, the manager of the Caffe, whom I spoke of earlier, and I did some cross-over productions, so we'd bring shows to campus. I think when Ani got too big for the Caffe we had some Skidmore shows with her. We brought, uh, a singer-songwriter named Shawn Colvin, who was, um, just on the heels of winning her first grammy when she came to Skidmore for a performance that we, we had here, and those were, kind of, cross, um, promoted, as it were setup by the Caffe and the college and Lively Lucy's, so there was a lot of, uh, a lot of musical culture that was going back and forth at that time, in that way too. [00:16:23.973]&#13;
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[SE] Do you remember any notable performances either than Ani DiFranco? [00:16:29.566]&#13;
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[MW] Um, at the college, um, well I loved the Shawn Colvin show, that was terrific, and, um, and the thing I loved most about that night, perhaps, was that, um, I invited a young woman named Mary Lou Lord to open the show for her, and she was somebody I knew from Cambridge, Mass, and she was a street singer, she played in the subways and in Harvard Square and she was a terrific [00:16:54.073] um, singer-songwriter, and, at a time when the consolation of music meant a lot to me is to go listen to her play in Harvard Square in the subways, just sit there for a couple of hours and she introduced me to a lot of musicians and thier songs, she's a real advocate of great songs,  and a great chooser of songs to cover, um, and I just loved her and her work and she was, uh, a close friend of Shawn Colvin, as it turned out and they became friendly, I don't know how Shawn and she found one another. Anyways, so that was a great thing because she got to open the show for Shawn, it was a big sold out house at, um, at u, JKB, and she just won the Grammy, Shawn had, so there was a lot of buzz about the show and it was really packed and exciting, it was a really great show. That was a wonderful show. And then, there's a, there's a New Hampshire singer-songwriter, um, who died a couple of years ago, sadly and prematurely named Bill Morrissey, and he had a show at the dance theater that Lena and Lively Lucy's put on together and I remember that he had a great Irish fiddler named Johny Cunningham who's played with a lot of Celtic bands and it just a terrific musician and Bill himself is a very gifted, kind of literary singer-songwriter, um, who actually had a novel published by Knopf, or [?book of great editors?] who's very literate, interesting singer-songwriter, and I, I love that show, he was very, he was very wry, very great on stage, and that was the show that, that I met my wife at actually, so she came to that show and we met there, and that was the first time we had met one another, which was exciting, of course, so that was a memorable show, and I got to introduce Bill that night and, I don't know, I said something modestly funny, and for some reason Billboard Magazine was convering that show and so they ended up writing a really good live review of the show and they also included the thing that I said, which was supposedly funny in the introduction, which is, you know, kind of weird for this little show at Skidmore, would end up in Billboard, and weirdly a quote from me would end up in a Billboard article, so, I, I remember both of those shows pretty well. [00:19:17.595] Um, and we had a lot of good Lively Lucy's shows and um, I, I guess, it's, what is it now, is it Earth Fest? What do we call it? Something like that... &#13;
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[SE] Earth Day.&#13;
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[MW] Earth Day, sorry. Um, so, it seemed, before that became quite as full-blown as it has been for the last decade or so, it used to be kind of a Lively Lucy's, outdoor, spring music day, um, and I think it evolved to include more facets as it has now, but there were lots of really good events, musical events, around that as well. [00:19:49.084] So, and then that, I guess it was more folk-based then, too, it was more of a singer-songwriter and folk-based show than it necessarily is now, and it was some really beautiful April days just out on the green listening to really good music, um, [?that was a piece?] of those days, musically too. [00:20:07.714]&#13;
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[SE] Do you feel like, as a music writer, you've been able to, you know, excel in this environment? Or do you ever feel like you should be living somewhere else? [00:20:21.757]&#13;
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[MW] No I actually, I've never thought, I've never thought that, but now that you mention it, I suppose, because it's a place that is welcoming for music and has a lot of students interested in music, it's been possible for me to imagine courses and to, uh, figure out a way to include in my teaching life, um, the study of music, in, in a way that I certainly didn't when I first came here. I mean, I would teach classes in writing about the arts and we would include some musical writing as well, that was there from the beginning, but then to feel able to design and offer courses that have to do primarly with music and music writing, um, has probably something to do with the fact that musical culture here, um, which is more of a teaching than writing myself, but, um, but, but I think being around so much music and finding it possible to see so many good things that had been used, like SPAC for bigger shows, or Caffe Lena for smaller shows, has been necessarily something that's kept my head wrapped around music a lot, and maybe that wouldn't happen in a different place as much. [00:21:36.331] Um, and maybe the fact that we're pretty approximate to Boston or New York is - a chance to go see music in those places - is possibly significant, but, but you know that's a good question to think about and to think about how the writing of mu-, about music is place-based, I've never really thought of that before. [00:21:58.238]&#13;
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[SE] Um, you just mentioned how you took a course in writing about arts, and I guess, on a broader term, how have the courses offered at Skidmore changed and hopefully have gotten better? Are there any courses...&#13;
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[MW] [speaking over SE] Ya that was a course actually I taught, not took, but, um, just, that was a class that I used to teach a lot for first-year students who took a writing class in English, as they still do, called 105, um, I don't know, I found I because I have a kind of independent, not independent, but kind of hybrid position because I'm editing Salmagundi and serving in that capacity and also teaching as lecturer I'm not teaching as much as people who are full-time faculty, um, I found that the English department, and more broadly the college and MDOCS, has been very open to my proposing different things to do, which, I think, is a hallmark of Skidmore, you know, the ability of the institution to, uh, use the energy and, and interest of its faculty to come up with things that might increase the opportunities for students to do different things and find a way to make that happen. [00:23:18.981] So, that's always seemed to be a hallmark of the institution, is, you know, "this sounds like an interesting idea, how could we limit that instead of saying 'no that's not in the curriculum' or, um, 'we don't have that kind of course, so, I guess we shouldn't have that kind of course.'" People tend to, if it's a good idea, try to make it happen, and I think that has added, I'm just speaking from my own personal experience but I'm sure that's true for any number of faculty who proposed new courses and figure out how to, you know, implement what they, what they really love to teach in the classroom, I think, um, that's probably something that creates a lot of good energy around what we offer students. Is it different than what happened in the old days? I'm not sure if it was more rigid then or not, I don't know. Um, but, I've always appreciated the openness to ideas and the openness to encouragement of new things that [inaudible] the academic life that I've experienced here, at least. [00:24:17.210]&#13;
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[SE] Ya, that's great. Um, kind of to direct it back to something you said much earlier, you said that you were living at Moore house... &#13;
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[MW] Moore Hall. &#13;
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[SE] Moore Hall, Moore Hall, um, were you here when the campus got switched to... [00:24:30.793]&#13;
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[MW] No, that had happened probably, what, 72... so it was probably about eight, eight or ten years before the switch was happening, I don't know when it was completed. So that was, like, the last dorm, and they kept that dorm for quite a long time and people lived there, I'm not sure, they just tore it down this year, as, um, as they've started to put up condos on that, on that spot, um, and it was a, you know, terribly ugly, but endearingly ugly, building [laughter from SE] that was made of pink, um, rock-like material that was supposed to age to gray, an elegant gray, but it never did, so it was known as the "Pink Palace" and, you know, it-it was kind of a, I don't know what it was -- a 1960's, kind of, failed cubist design that looked very different from anything on Union Avenue, that's for sure. [00:25:20.402] And it had no trace of Victoriana about it, whatsoever, so um, so no I didn't experience that switch, and, you know it was interesting though to be part of that vestigial campus that was downtown because, you know, I also, I also loved the fact, when I wasn't taking the bus that we would walk to campus, which was a significant, a significant walk, a 20-25 minute walk, and just to be part of town in that way and really experience the architecture of the beautiful, old buildings that, that lined all of the streets, and to feel like Saratoga had a deep history, and it had, uh, a sense of place that wasn't fully dependent on the college, though the college was part of that sense of place, seemed to be really important, and, and, you know, it provided a kind of depth to your experience here, I guess, as a, as a student or as a person that is not insignificant. [00:26:13.189] I mean there are so many wonderful colleges within a very short reach of here, um, and some of them are in, you know, tiny towns essentially out in the middle of the country and, I think we have a special, uh, a special reality here because of the town's deep history and what's available to us, maybe the most notable aspect of that is the architecture which we can see and experience and walk past each day, and that gives us that sense, but then the more you start to understand the town as a whole and its history and what's gone on here and how it was first an Indian -- Native American healing place and then became, also, a healing spring for white settlers, um, and established itself in that way, that long history is not what you have everywhere. [00:27:08.412]&#13;
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[SE] Yea...&#13;
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[MW] So... &#13;
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[SE] Yea. Um, so I guess to wrap it up, how do you define your relatinoship with that Saratoga history that you were just talking about and also just Saratoga today and especially Skidmore College. [00:27:26.818]&#13;
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[MW] Hmm, um, I don't know, I find [that] because I grew up in an area of Massachusetts, um, I grew up in Carlisle but my friend was from Concord, the next over, which has itself a very rich history and was, you know, obsessed with the American Revolution when I was a boy and I went to high school in a town where Thoreau and Emerson wrote and were buried, that, it's sort of unthinkable to me to live in a place that I don't know the history or care about it, so for me, understanding upstate New York history, which I didn't know that much about, coming from Massachusetts, and starting to look into the Native American history around here and how this land was contested by the Mohicans and the Mohawks, the Iroquois and the Algonquian, different peoples, and how the Dutch influenced the area -- that's become something I've really spent a lot of time reading about and thinking about and that I'm deeply interested in. [00:28:30.077] So, so for me part of, part of being a Saratogian is, is really having a sense of the importance of that past and the detail of that past as much as I can and that makes the place, for me, livable, in some way, I mean that's really important to me, is to-is to have a sense of place of -- a place's history, and, you know, there's a lot more to learn, I don't know anything like all I could but what I do know has made this place feel rich and feel very much like home or a home, um, in a way that it wouldn't if it didn't have history. [00:29:08.296] And Skidmore's sort of impossible to think of in any objective way outside of my own experience because it's been home for so long, you know, aside from, um, six years when I was at graduate school , you know, I've lived here since I was eighteen years old and it's inextricable from every development that's -- that I could imagine for myself I suppose. Um, and, it's really where I, you know, as a-as a place, as, Skidmore, as a place where I lucked into a relationship with some of the smartest people I've ever met who are incredibly good-hearted and incredibly brilliant, um, in the English department, in Salmagundi-at Salmagundi, uh, Magazine, at the development of my love of literature which I came to Skidmore with, but which changed and deepened when I was here, uh, and continues to do that and to talk, you know, in these offices with Robert and Peg and our student assistants and other colleagues in the department about work that we love and to communicate with some of my favorite authors who I happen also to be friends and contributors to our magazine seems like a really extraordinarily rich way to live and to me that's completely inextricable from Skidmore and from living in Saratoga. [00:30:35.810]&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
[SE] Yea, that's great, that you so much.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
[MW] You're welcome, thanks.  </text>
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                    <text>00:00:00.000
Jd: Are we recording? Okay.
Kris: Ready? Okay.
00:00:04.322
Kris: Hi! My name is umm Kris Leggiero and I've been here, I am the SGA
accountant at Skidmore for 17 years.
Jd: Umm my question is, cause I know you are from long Island and then you
came here, but before we get into the transition, what was your favorite
childhood memory in long Island?
00:00:25.000
Kris: Okay. My favorite childhood memory on Long Island, uh does it have to be
in Long Island, or, cause I did, you know I did, umm , I grew up also, you know, I
lived in Brooklyn for a short period in time and for, I think more of my memories
come from Brooklyn actually, which is really interesting. I just remember cause
when we, when we lived in Brooklyn, It was, we lived in an apartment building. I
grew up with my four sisters in a one bedroom. So by the time we moved to long
island, it was a little bit different, and we had a house and you know everyone
had their own bedroom so It was a little bit different growing up, but being in a
room with my four sisters with these beds lined up one after the other, and, it,
those are the memories that really stick in my head, because we were so
bonded because we spent that much time, you know together in that room,
whether it was fighting or laughing, or whatever, being silly. Or jumping
from, this is a really good memory because I just remember it so vividly. We
would jump from bed to bed to bed and go back. And we all, we all waited for
my parents to come in and yell at us. [00:01:35.000] And they never did, I guess
they figured we were, you know having so much fun and we were staying out of
their hair. So, they, were like just let them do. It's funny because there are so
many memories, but those are the ones that stick in my mind. Just the four of us
in that room, late at night, probably staying up later than we should have been
and just laughing and bonding and til this day we are just so close. [00:02:00.368]
And I think it’s because of those moments of being so close back then.
Jd: It's so interesting that you say that because a lot of times when you speak
about your accent and you refer to it as your long island accent but then your
memories are just from Brooklyn.
Kris: Yes? Long Island I guess, you know, I moved to Long Island when I was in
fourth grade and umm, but I guess. we were kind of, well my sisters were older
and we just started going our own ways. And Long Island, I think my biggest
memories of Long Island which is you know, I don’t know, it was just more of like
when I was older and able to go out. And going to the different clubs and
having fun with friends, and that period of my time as opposed to, but the

�memories that I love the most are when I was younger and that's why I kind of
go back to Brooklyn. [00:02:57.752]
Jd: Those were the foundations. I wanted to know what influenced you to move
to Saratoga.
Kris: Oh! That's a good question. If you ever been to Long Island, there's a lot
that influenced me. (laughing). So actually, what really happen so my children
were not in school yet and a good friend of mine who I grew up with, I knew
since oh my gosh, we were probably nine or ten years old, knew her through
school and till this day we are best friends, [00:03:34.487], umm she went to
school up here. By the time, she was in grad school, I guess and moved up here.
I was already, I was married, I had kids, she was you know still in her path. I would
come and visit her. I always use to come up. The funny thing is about is, she lived
in Albany. The funny thing is, when they say you know you're from Long Island,
and you may appreciate it this, I am not really sure, but when they say you know
you are from Long Island when you think that Westchester is upstate, well that is
so true. [00:04:05.000] because I never realized there was something to up North.
I use to come visit her in Albany, and it was nice whatever. One weekend she
says, "Let's go to Saratoga" and I'm like, "What is Saratoga?" (Laughing) So we
came up actually for the big race, the Travers race, and we came up and I was
like oh my goodness why did you not bring me here. It was just a beautiful town,
everything I was looking for, and I love simple, I love being simple. At the time it
was just a very simple [00:04:50.000] quiet town, fell in love with it. Ended up
getting in touch with the builder, had a house built very quickly, before my kids
got into school, and just moved up. And love it. I feel like I am on vacation
every single day.
Jd: Till this day?
Kris: Till this day and I've been up here since '93. Over, way over 20 years, just
absolutely love it.
Jd: That leads me to my next question. What surprised you the most about
Saratoga, what made you love it so much? (Laughing)
Kris: So, what really surprised me about Saratoga, again that's a really good
question again because this is another vivid memory. I was, I was probably on
my first couple weeks here, and I am on Broadway, [00:05:32.608] and grab a
cup of coffee, just kind of getting use to the town and seeing what stores are
there. That was just about the time where bigger stores were popping up like
Eddy Bauerer, Anne Taylor and all that section was not even there, and those
hotels were not even here. And I grab my cup of coffee and I am walking
through town and you know, just kind of minding my own business, and every

�person, I am not joking, every person I pass was like "good morning, good
morning" and I am looking around, are they talking to me. I was just not use to
that. People are just umm, you know. people are just really friendly and they
stop to talk to you. That, and on Long Island everything is just rush, rush, rush,
people aggravated, traffic and then moving up here and just like living and it’s
a funny thing, I was talking to someone just yesterday and she was making fun
of my walk actually because I walk to slow, but that never was like that. As soon
as I moved up here, I'm like that’s it, I am not rushing around anymore. I am just
taking my time. That moment in town when people were saying hello to me,
and I figured someone was behind me (laughing) [00:06:55.870], that they were
talking to someone else. It's a great town, it’s an absolutely fabulous town.
Jd: That's why I came to Skidmore, and financial aid, but when I came to visit
everyone was so nice and saying hi all the time. It is so different in New York City.
You don't say hi to anyone, you barely make eye contact.
Kris: It is so different. It’s like this is the way I want to live. This is the way, you know,
I knew in my core, that’s who I was because I love talking to people and I love
being friendly, but down in Long Island. They will look at you with three heads,
they are not going, you know, there like, "What do you want?" [00:07:37.333]
Jd: It's almost suspicious when people are too nice in New York City.
Kris: Yes, exactly.
Jd: What was one thing that New York City had that Saratoga didn’t?
Kris: Long Island? Something that Long island had?
Jd: or Brooklyn
Kris: Well, I have to go back to Long Island, so the thing that Long Island had
that Saratoga does not have, and something that I wish it had, ugh the
beaches. Without a doubt, without a doubt. I grew up ten minutes from the
ocean. We use to ride our bikes down there and spend my whole summers
there. The lakes are lovely, I will not go in a lake. But they are lovely. But the
beach I so miss, but I do go back just for that.
Jd: Are there beaches by here?
Kris: You know, it will take me about three and a half hours to get to Jones
beach on Long Island, but I guess Massachusetts. Everything is still probably
around three hours away.

�Jd: Nothing around here
Kris: No lovely lakes, that’s about it, but it doesn’t compare. (laughing)You
can’t jump in the waves in a lake.[00:09:02.705]
Jd: You kind of just stay in the lake.
Kris: Its beautiful to look like at, its serene, but it’s not the same, not the same.
And bagels and pizza. Have to throw those in.
Jd: Pizza is a big one.
Kris: Yes, very big.
Jd: And I feel like even when I go back now, it’s hard to find a good New York
City Pizza because I don’t know where the good spots are anymore.
Kris: I know, yeah that’s true. Yeah that’s true.
Jd: So I wanted to transition into now your life at Saratoga and Skidmore, but
more towards club life and the transitions in the seventeen years you’ve been
here, Going towards your life, what’s your favorite part about it?[00:09:55.328]
Kris: Favorite part about my job. Well. so, there's two favorite parts if I may. I've
been doing bookkeeping, accounting, financial work since I've been 18 years
old, and I love it! I absolutely love it. Umm, but I did work for an accounting firm,
small accounting firm and I loved my work, but I am a people person, so it was
very difficult for me. So, when this job became available I interviewed for it, and
got the job. [00:10:40.870] I was able to do my love, the accounting that I love.
I'm a little bit of a nerd. But then to be with the students and I have to say,
working with students, and working with, you know, I consider you adults, but
you know what I am saying, when I say adult, right two different things. The
students here are amazing, they are motivating, they, and still seventeen years
later I am still in awe of the students here. And, but they give me that you know,
that motivation, seriously to do things in life. Like, everything that they can, like I
can’t and I say this to everybody because I amazed at everything that you guys
do. The clubs, and keeping up your grades, and working, and just like being
these beautiful people. I was walking across campus the other day, again here
we go again, the students, like three students, didn’t even know, it was early in
the morning, I was heading over to a meeting and their just like, "good morning,"
and I am like, "really." These students are so nice too, and I am sure there are a
few that are trouble makers, but for the most part the children are amazing.
[00:12:05.870] And I am very fortunate, and every day I come to work and say "I

�love what I do, I love my job." After 17 years, and it's because of you, it seriously
is.
Jd: It is so interesting, this conversation keeps coming up this week. I keep on
talking to people about how amazing the students at Skidmore are and of
course I am thinking about the pants that people wear because there are so
amazing. Just looking at people's pants, especially in the fall or in the spring, I’m
just like, because they are always so subtle, a lot of Skidmore students are
always subtle but always doing a lot with their work [00:12:46.710]. So many
interesting things too. It’s insane, like the art students, the students with computer
science, like animation, like I just realized this week that that’s a whole sector of
a course, that someone can specialize in animation. I’m just like, what, that’s
awesome, that people are gaining these skills here, like that’s such an
interdisciplinary space.
Kris: You do, the students do so much, and they do everything so well. Even the
fashion show, it’s like all the time you spend on that, that blows my mind
because I work and I go home and I am like on the coach. [00:13:32.312]
(Laughing) I'm done, but it’s so amazing. It keeps me young, it keeps me
motivated. Like constantly striving, I can’t imagine if I worked in the CPA office, I
couldn’t imagine where I'll be. I will probably be ten years older than I am. Just
being here and the energy from the students. I feel so grateful on that end that I
get to stay young and refreshed. I am very challenged in some areas like
technology, but the students help me so when I go out in the real world, my
world, I look pretty smart. (Laughing) Thanks you too.
Jd: So my next question is, no actually, I am going to transition to somewhere
else. What has been your favorite memory with a student at Skidmore?
Kris: A student? Oh wow. That is so hard because I’ve met so many incredible
students and bonded with so many incredible students. I think, I don’t know a
specific memory here, because there is so many. But I think my, I think, when
students graduate and we still have that connection, and I am still invited to
weddings, and baby showers, [00:15:19.648] a specific memory, I have a student
who calls me, I think almost every week and he graduated six years ago. And
it’s you know, those things, those are just, those to me, mean so much. It will be
very hard for to pick a specific memory for here.
Jd: I think that answered it perfectly. Shifting over to clubs, umm, how have the
clubs shifted over the years, if they have?
Kris: I don’t know if there's been a big shift, what I see, it’s very typical, very
consistent. The clubs that are really active, tend to remain active year after year
after year. There may be a few clubs that have been active, that all of a

�sudden, we have to have that conversation like "what’s going on," "how’s the
membership, how’s the eboard working" because we can tell. We can tell the
clubs that have been so active, and the ones that have been active all of a
sudden are kind of. I think it’s very consistent about the clubs that are created
each year or chartered each year and then the other clubs that have been
chartered and kind of the eboned flow. You have that interest for one year or
two years and then it declines and then the club gets sunsetted because there
is no interest. All of a sudden, two years later, "Hey, there is this kind of a club, I
am interested." [00:17:19.263] I think it is very consistent in that way. I know the
clubs that are active, consistently are active. The ones that we kind of know,
that have the eboned flow and we expect it. You know, we expect it. I
personally, on my end, what I do, I don’t see any major shifts in clubs. It is
interested to see the ideas on the clubs that are created and the interest, you
each year and some clubs where the interest it’s like, "Woah we can’t do that,"
so I think it’s all consistent how it ah plays out.
Jd: Do you have a favorite event you like to go to?
Kris: Well every year I try to go to an event I have never been before so I go to
the circus club or I go to an acapella event. One of my favorites, and not
because you are sitting in front of me, this happened a long time ago, it’s the
fashion show. I love, and maybe it's because I know all the work you put into it,
but then again, I love fashion. So it’s something that I am passionate about.
[00:19:06.847] But, the other events I love going to, I love going to the culture
dinners, love whether it be Hillel, Hayat, I love those dinners. I love the
performance, the food. It expands my world. I also love going to sporting, I love
watching the men’s hockey team. Love it. And I've been to the alpine ski races,
absolutely love that as well.
Jd: And those are a little bit further?
Kris: Yes, I'll go up to gore mountain which is about an hour away. I’ve been
there a couple of times, absolutely love those too, but I do try to go to, I've been
to Comfiest. And. I’ve been to the outing club, they have the film screening I've
done that. So, I try to spread it out, things I haven’t been to, Fun day? I'll show up
if I have to. [00:20:20.870] No, I love fun day but,
Jd: It can be a little hectic sometimes.
Kris: I pop in, I pop in, say hello early enough and then I am usually out of there.
Jd: A little bit pf a personal question, I really want to know the answer to. How
has student fashion shifted since you've been here?

�Kris: Oh! How has student fashion shifted? You know and this is amazing, and I
do, I watch student fashion. I love seeing what the students wear. [00:21:00.870] I
can’t mimic it, but I may throw in something a little age appropriate for myself
every now and then. What I see is like the different styles from when I
Jd: They are coming back.
Kris: They are coming back! and I love it. One year I saw leg warmers and I’m
like, "Wait that’s the 80's" Umm, I’ve seen the wide, the bell bottom pants. I love,
and I am like oh gosh, I should have saved all those clothes. [00:21:32.190]
Jd: There are a few pieces I took from my mom, she was going to throw them
out. I was like no these are going to come back. I am going to keep these.
Kris: As I go through my closet, I am like why did I give it up. But you know, but
here is something I am very impressed by. I have been on other college
campuses, most people in their Pajamas. Not at Skidmore. (Laughing) you know
and its, students just love to, whether they mean to or not, they look great, and
of course I miss my little hall way downstairs, like a little fashion, cause that’s you
know, I love to dress uniquely. i know quite a few students who do. As a matter
of fact, I ran into a student the other day and she was wearing these animal
print booties and I am like oh my god. I have those booties, I am so cool. I think
its Diane. I have the same booties as her, I wouldn’t wear them here, but that
was so cool to me.
Jd: Seeing the fashion here, is just, is incredible to see what people wear and
how they put it together. And everyone has such a different style.
Kris: Exactly, sometimes the same. There’s this joke, everyone at Skidmore
dresses the same which is so true because me and tory have come in with the
same outfit and we will take a picture. And it’s like, and again, and here is how
the students inspire me. Because I am like, I love your headband. I’m like, "That
might look good on me: so I go out and I’m like, let me try it. Here is my work, this
is what I do day in and day out. It is just so amazing that I can take so much
more away from this beautiful campus that we are on. And that’s why every
day I am so grateful for my job, for what I do here, cause I love what I do, I love
working with the students, I love bonding with the students, I love what I learn
from students. And it’s like, sometimes, alright I am too happy. [00:24:29.375]
Jd: I think that was a perfect ending to our interview. Usually for interviewing I
have to let you speak, and we are so interactive, I have to stop my thoughts all
the time and I want to say mmhmm. And I think I did a few in here.

�Kris: But that’s okay because when we are interacting that brings out different,
you know, thoughts in my head. I am like oh yeah, that’s what interviewing and
talking is about
Jd: Is there anything you like to mentioned that you feel like we haven’t covered
or any last final thoughts?
Kris: about what in particular?
Jd: About anything Skidmore/Saratoga Community
Kris: You know, again, I just feel very grateful. In my little world, I feel very
grateful. Obviously, we are not without struggles, but I also see those struggles
being addressed. And I am grateful for that as well because I’ve also seen in the
past where they weren’t. I am glad to see that we are getting to a place where
we are more conscious and moving ahead. That is great to see on this campus.
The college itself, the students remain to be amazing. The one thing I have
noticed about students though from when I first started there wasn’t a passion
for a stance and now I feel like students, all group of students when they have a
passion they are going for it. And that to me, and seriously, for years and years
and years, we've talked about. "Why isn’t there passion" on campus like why isn’t
everyone like, you know. Then all of sudden there, boom, and it’s become this
snowball effect and that’s great. That’s part of the college experience, tis not
only academic. Its finding your spirit, its finding your voice. [00:26:50.870] Its really
important as well and I am so glad that a lot of students have found their voice
and are pushing us forward.
Jd: I think a lot of that also has to do with the growth of social media, where we
are constantly connecting with people who might not have the same views as
us. Makes us even more passionate about what we believe in. "Wait, but I
believe this and I want to speak about this" and I think it triggers conversations in
ways where before may have been closed into a space that not everyone had
access to.
Kris: That is true. That is very true, and it’s also learning, I think it’s a hard thing to
do, but learning to appreciate someone else’s opinion and learning to respect
someone else's opinion and respecting their opinion. [00:27:40.870] I think that’s
such a hard thing, because you are like "No, you're wrong."
Jd: And as soon as you hear something that you don’t agree with you want to
respond, but the trick is to listen. I need to understand someone else’s point to
be able to articulate mine.

�Kris: And respect, that’s your perspective, that’s your view, that’s great, In my
mind your wrong (laughing) [00:27:59.925] But I am not going to say that. So
yeah, that’s the shift I see in students, just that compassion and passion and
speaking up and moving forward. It is great to see.
Jd: Thank you for allowing me to interview you and have this conversation. I
really enjoyed it.
Kris: Me too. Me too! That was great.

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              <text>HL:  So...Um, this is um an interview um to Samantha... &#13;
&#13;
SB: Bosshart.&#13;
&#13;
HL: Um, Bosshart. Um, and at the Saratoga Springs Preservation Foundation. This is um Ted, and the date is December 20th, and right now is 10:10.&#13;
&#13;
SB: February.&#13;
&#13;
HL: Yeah, February. Ok. So um, first, can you tell me something about yourself, like where are you from, um, like where do you live, and what is your job?&#13;
&#13;
 SB: Um, I'm originally from Ohio, I was raised in Kent, Ohio, um, that's where I went to grade school, and high school, and upon graduating from high school, I went to Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana, where I got a Bachler’s of Arts in history and criminal justice. And then after that, I moved to Galveston, Texas, where I was fortunate enough to rehab some houses, and then also work for the Galveston Historical Foundation, which is the second, at the time, was the second largest local non-profit preservation organization, and from there, after five years, I've decided to um, pursue, um,  a master's in historic preservation planning from Cornell University, which is what brought me to New York State. Um, I completed my course work with honors, um,  but did not finish my thesis, and I um, after that, moved to Saratoga springs, where I took a position with Historic Albany Foundation, where I was the Director of Preservation Services, um, there for a year and a half, before I was fortunate enough to be offered the Executive Director position with the Saratoga Springs Preservation Foundation in 2008. So in June, I will have been here 10 years. &#13;
&#13;
 HL: Nice. Um, so can you tell me more about your job, like your current job, like, like what is like a typical day for the work? &#13;
&#13;
SB: Well, um, there really isn't a typical day. Um, we, ah, the mission of the foundation is to preserve the architectural, cultural and heri... landscape, heritage of Saratoga Springs, and we do that through advocacy, technical assistance, education, and restoration. And um, so that involves lots of different things throughout the year. Um…For example today, I already helped homeowner providing him information on who could potentially, ah, repair his lotus stained glass window. Um, I, will be working with the First Baptist Church on a, actually, a grant to, I've helped them with a grant to restore their stained-glass windows and help to, help them continue to do fund raising for that project. We are also in the process of, um, helping, um, home owner, um, gets historic tax cutouts for a historic house on the west side, and we're in the mids of planning our historic homes tour, which is our largest fund-raising event of the year. Um, so any day can be different, ah, it really just depends on what the focus is at that immediate moment, ah, whether we're planning our summer Sunday strolls that take place every Sunday throughout the, the summer, working with volunteers, distinct home owners, providing comments on, preservation practice, um, to our city's Land Use Boards. For example, tomorrow night is the designer review commission meeting, so we'll be providing comments on several projects at that meeting tomorrow. Um, in particular, on the Rip Van Dam Hotel edition. So no day is typ, typical. Um, and we work on lots of different things, and we have lots of different committees, so we have a Fund Development Committee, and Advocacy Committee, an (a) Events Committee, Marketing Committee, Membership Committee, and Ad Hoc Saratoga Race Course Committee that reviews, um, plans for capital improvements of the oldest sports venue in the country, um, and, so there really isn't a typical day.&#13;
 &#13;
HL: Yeah. Um, can you, um, tell me more about the foundation, just in general? Like what's its mission, or, like, wh, what kind of people do you usually, you know, like, involve with or, jus?&#13;
&#13;
SB: Well, I think I, I, I touched on the mission in the last question, which again was, um, the mission of the foundation is to um, promote, um, protect and preserve the architectural, cultural landscape heritage of Saratoga Springs, and as I said, we do that through advocacy, technical assistance, education, restoration. Um, the foundation was founded in 1977, so we are just completing our 40th year. When the foundation was founded, it was founded as an outgrowth of the Saratoga, um, plan for action. Ah, at the time in the 1970s, Saratoga Springs was not the community that you see today, was not a vibrant, thriving year-round destination. Um, downtown had vacant store fronts, it had vacant upper floors, the large beautiful homes on North Broadway was selling for 10,000 dollars. They were being sub-divided into apartments, the carriage houses being sub-divided. There were, um, so, ultimately, ah, the Saratoga Plan for Action, which is a traceries community let effort for community leaders, they chose to, um, enact a plan on how to revillize downtown, and one of that aspect of that plan, was to create a grant program to assist building home, building owners rehabilitate the facades and buildings downtown. Ah, it was identified that they needed it to be a separate organization from the city, and that organization was identified and established was the Saratoga Springs Preservation Foundation. So we initially oversaw, um, we, ah, 25 grands for buildings downtown, and then exchange for that grand funding. The foundation will receive a preservation easement for 25 years, meaning any exterior changes made to a building, the foundation would have to approve. So, um, since then we've involved with, um, establishing state and national historic districts, expanding local historic districts. Um, we've been involved with, um, restoring the Gideon Putnam Cemetery, the oldest burial ground in the city. We have, um, rehabilitated several buildings, ah, one on Clinton Place, one of the road houses is there, along with 117 grand former Adirondack Railway Station, ah, then we were also involved with New York State Main Street Grant for Beekman Street, which, ah, initially provided, ah, 190,000 dollars and funding, and, I always, it was for 3(ah)50,000 dollar building rehab grants and 4 for facade grants, um, each building owner had to match each grant, dollar for dollar. And in turn most exceeded that, and we believe that estimated, um, investment on Beekman Street as a result of that grant was nearly three quarters of a million dollars. So we were also involved with that. Ah, we were also, ah, involved with, when Skidmore College, ah, had the opportunity to move their campus to North Broadway, nearly 90 buildings, mostly, historic buildings on Union Avenue and the east side neighborhood were left vacant. The foundation, ah, worked with local realter John Roohan and others to, um, ensure that those buildings were gonna be rehabbed and, and, and made into single family residences or business or what have to make them survive, and we were fortunate enough that we did not lose any historic buildings as the result of that, um, then most recently, ah, our largest project was the Spirit of Life, an Spencer Trust Memorial restoration which we partnered with the city, for the national, nationally significant sculpture, and surround that was designed by Daniel Chester French, and Henry Bacon, who also designed the Lincoln Memorial. Charles Leavitt, Jr., who was landscape architect, he was also responsible for, um, many race tracks in the country, but he was responsible for re, large reconfiguration at the turn of the century, Saratoga Race Course, and we worked with the city to raise, um, 450,000 by, by the foundation the city matched that amount, and we were thankful to have the generosity of individuals, um, businesses, and ah, foundation support that effort. That project also was a total of 750,000 dollars, and its, um, rededication took place on centennial of the original dedication, which was June 26th, 1915. So those are some of the history of the foundation, um, I'm sure there's much more, but there's some highlights for you.&#13;
&#13;
HL: Um, so my next question is, what kind of difficulties do you think you have encountered, um, while preserving the architectures of Saratoga Springs?&#13;
&#13;
SB: Um, well, I, I can't speak to the early times, I think I'm sure times funding was a hard, um, was a challenge for building owners, and I think that's why it was so important for the foundation to assist home owners with the tax credit program, the federal tax credit program, so we're available then, I think, um, the Historic Preservation Act was established in 1966, so it was relatively still new when the foundation was founded, so preservation well, um, Saratoga had a history of wanting to preserve its heritage I think was relatively in new concept. I think, building owners ah, often don't fully understand the importance of being in a historic district, and can be frustrated or upset when they can't do what they would like to do to their building. I think that is a challenge. Um, I think, one of the challenges that this organization faces now is those who were here in the 1970s and 1980s when Saratoga was, um, not vibrant in a destination recognize the importance of historic preservation. They recognize that it had an important role in Saratoga's economic vitality and success. And they think a lot of new people who move here that are transplants take for granted that historic preservation takes effort. It doesn’t just happen. And that our organization is the one to promote it and ensure that what we have that so special is retained, and that it doesn't just happen. So I think that's one of our biggest challenges that we face now.&#13;
&#13;
HL: Ok. Um, so my next question is, can you tell me like, one story you remembered the most in your work, like?&#13;
&#13;
SB: Well, there's a couple. Um, when I first started at the foundation not long after there's a handsome, um, Pre-Civil-War Italianate house that I always, um, admired, walking by with my dog, even before I joined the foundation, and I remember one day, walking by this house, and the windows were being taken out, and, um, the house had been purchased by the adjacent owners who lived on North Broadway. And they wanted to demolish the house. It was in good condition, they had paid for over a million dollars for the house. And, um, it was sort of shocking to see a home so beautiful and in good condition, sold for a million dollars, being proposed to be demolished. So that was a memorable moment. At that time, we, the foundation, ah, asked for a demolition moratorium in the city, which we were successful in getting and throughout that period we attempted to expand the local historic district, which would have given oversight, ah, for demolition, ah, to match the boundaries of the national register historic district. And unfortunately, as I mentioned before about challenges, many of the home owners in that particular area did not want to have any oversight by the design review commission. They did not want to have to seek approval to make changes to their building. So with that we were unsuccessful and ah, it was difficult to watch 23 Greenfield be demolished. And today it is a fenced yard, with no building. Ah, another, sadly, another one I think the loses are the hardest ones, and those are the ones you remember most, um,  would be 66 Franklin, which um, was a beautiful Second Empire house granted in poor condition, um, maybe not beautiful to most immediate glance, um, but, um, was designed by J.D.Stevens, who would also design our, um, historic hotels, ah, the Grand Union, ah, the Grand Central, and this was one of his last works in Saratoga Springs, there are still a couple that remain, but one of his last, and ah, building owner want to purchase the home and demolish it, ah, unfortunately he was unwilling to share, at the time, what he was proposing to build in its place, which was a, um, the historic review ornaments requires that building owner provide an acceptable post-demolition plan, and he was not, by the foundation standards providing that. Ah, this was ah, I believe a four-year court battle. We were in city court, we went city court, we wanted the state level more than one case and ultimately it was returned back to the designer review commission who accepted a fence and a sign as an acceptable post-demolition plan. So that was another one that was tough to watch, however I'd say one of the most rewarding was the Spirit of Life and Spencer Trust Restoration, because it's truly transformed the way people use the northwest portion of the park. Um, when I first came to Saratoga, the entrance um, the walkway entrance of Broadway was sort of hin, it was dark, um, there, the trees and bushes were overgrown. It was not welcoming, sadly it was the respite for the homeless. There was no lighting at night, ah, there were no benches, ah, there was little landscape, but some of the trees immediately that variety along the reflecting pool wherein overgrown. And, um, today it is an active, vibrant part of the park with people sitting on benches, having picnics, um, there's people walk through there at night, um, it's just really transformed how people walk and use of the park. So that's probably been one of the most rewarding for me since I've been here. &#13;
&#13;
HL: Ok. Um, I guess my last question is, what do you want to say about the history and environment of Saratoga Springs?&#13;
&#13;
SB: Saratoga is, Saratoga Springs is this amazing, little spot in upstate New York that has a great college, more than one actually, with Empire State College, but Skidmore College it has um, the oldest sports venue in the country, ah, with one of the oldest, the oldest state race, Saratoga Race Course, which is truly magnificent. It is wholly intact from its early time from 1840s to today, um, we are fortunate to have the SPA State Park with SPAC, amazing performance venue that is home to New York City Ballet and Philadelphia Orchestra, and we have this great downtown and neighborhoods, and that's all walkable and it's a variety of architecture, and it's just has a really rich history...&#13;
&#13;
[Long Pause] [She starts to cry] &#13;
                   	                                                   &#13;
There aren't many [Long Pause] cities that have what we have. And such a community that has embraced it, and supported it at least up til this point, and hopefully that doesn't change.&#13;
 &#13;
HL: Ok. Um, do you have anything else you want to contribute to the interview?&#13;
&#13;
SB: No. I think you've covered a lot.&#13;
&#13;
HL: Ok. Alright. Thank you so much, um, for this...&#13;
&#13;
SB: Sorry.&#13;
&#13;
HL: No, no, it's totally fine, yeah. &#13;
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ABS:	&#13;  And	&#13;  your	&#13;  title.	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
PD:	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  the	&#13;  director	&#13;  of	&#13;  Religious	&#13;  and	&#13;  Spiritual	&#13;  Life	&#13;  at	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  College.	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
ABS:	&#13;  Great,	&#13;  thank	&#13;  you.	&#13;  So	&#13;  we're	&#13;  here	&#13;  on	&#13;  February	&#13;  16th	&#13;  in	&#13;  Parker's	&#13;  office	&#13;  at	&#13;  
Skidmore.	&#13;  So	&#13;  I'd	&#13;  like	&#13;  to	&#13;  just	&#13;  start	&#13;  off	&#13;  by	&#13;  asking	&#13;  about	&#13;  your	&#13;  connection	&#13;  to	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  
College	&#13;  and	&#13;  where	&#13;  that	&#13;  started	&#13;  and	&#13;  what	&#13;  you	&#13;  do	&#13;  here	&#13;  now.	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
PD:	&#13;  Sure,	&#13;  so	&#13;  my	&#13;  connection	&#13;  to	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  college	&#13;  is	&#13;  really	&#13;  life	&#13;  long,	&#13;  both	&#13;  of	&#13;  my	&#13;  parents	&#13;  
taught	&#13;  here,	&#13;  my	&#13;  father	&#13;  taught	&#13;  here	&#13;  for	&#13;  I	&#13;  don't	&#13;  know,	&#13;  three	&#13;  decades	&#13;  or	&#13;  more,	&#13;  and	&#13;  so	&#13;  I	&#13;  
knew	&#13;  the	&#13;  campus	&#13;  from	&#13;  my	&#13;  earliest	&#13;  memories.	&#13;  I	&#13;  went	&#13;  to	&#13;  summer	&#13;  camp	&#13;  here	&#13;  one	&#13;  
summer,	&#13;  I	&#13;  had	&#13;  one	&#13;  of	&#13;  my	&#13;  first	&#13;  jobs	&#13;  here	&#13;  when	&#13;  the	&#13;  Tang	&#13;  opened,	&#13;  working	&#13;  there.	&#13;  Yeah	&#13;  
so	&#13;  I've	&#13;  been	&#13;  connected	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  community	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  number	&#13;  of	&#13;  ways,	&#13;  coming	&#13;  to	&#13;  
performances,	&#13;  things	&#13;  like	&#13;  that.	&#13;  I	&#13;  took	&#13;  classes	&#13;  here	&#13;  while	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  in	&#13;  high	&#13;  school	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  
special	&#13;  student,	&#13;  and	&#13;  then	&#13;  when	&#13;  I	&#13;  left	&#13;  for	&#13;  college	&#13;  and	&#13;  grad	&#13;  school	&#13;  and	&#13;  all	&#13;  of	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  
didn't	&#13;  have	&#13;  much	&#13;  of	&#13;  a	&#13;  connection	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  campus	&#13;  for	&#13;  about	&#13;  fifteen	&#13;  years	&#13;  I	&#13;  would	&#13;  say.	&#13;  
And	&#13;  then,	&#13;  just	&#13;  three	&#13;  years	&#13;  ago	&#13;  I	&#13;  came	&#13;  back	&#13;  to	&#13;  take	&#13;  on	&#13;  this	&#13;  position,	&#13;  at	&#13;  first	&#13;  part	&#13;  time	&#13;  
and	&#13;  then	&#13;  full	&#13;  time,	&#13;  and	&#13;  now	&#13;  like	&#13;  I	&#13;  said	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  the	&#13;  director	&#13;  of	&#13;  Religious	&#13;  and	&#13;  Spiritual	&#13;  Life	&#13;  
and	&#13;  that	&#13;  means	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  work	&#13;  with	&#13;  other	&#13;  offices	&#13;  in	&#13;  Campus	&#13;  Life	&#13;  and	&#13;  Engagement	&#13;  and	&#13;  in	&#13;  
Student	&#13;  Affairs	&#13;  to	&#13;  support	&#13;  the	&#13;  students	&#13;  primarily	&#13;  but	&#13;  really	&#13;  the	&#13;  whole	&#13;  campus	&#13;  in	&#13;  
their	&#13;  religious	&#13;  life,	&#13;  in	&#13;  their	&#13;  search	&#13;  for	&#13;  spiritual	&#13;  connection,	&#13;  in	&#13;  their	&#13;  growing	&#13;  
awareness	&#13;  of	&#13;  religion	&#13;  in	&#13;  general	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  world.	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
ABS:	&#13;  Great,	&#13;  thank	&#13;  you.	&#13;  That's	&#13;  a	&#13;  bit	&#13;  about	&#13;  your	&#13;  connection	&#13;  to	&#13;  Skidmore,	&#13;  now	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  
wondering	&#13;  if	&#13;  you	&#13;  can	&#13;  talk	&#13;  a	&#13;  bit	&#13;  about	&#13;  your	&#13;  connection	&#13;  to	&#13;  Saratoga,	&#13;  focusing	&#13;  on	&#13;  faith-­‐
based	&#13;  communities	&#13;  or	&#13;  if	&#13;  there's	&#13;  like	&#13;  a	&#13;  faith-­‐based	&#13;  journey	&#13;  that	&#13;  brought	&#13;  you	&#13;  to	&#13;  this	&#13;  
particular	&#13;  position	&#13;  here.	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
PD:	&#13;  Sure,	&#13;  so,	&#13;  again	&#13;  born	&#13;  and	&#13;  raised	&#13;  in	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs.	&#13;  Um,	&#13;  went	&#13;  to	&#13;  public	&#13;  schools	&#13;  
here	&#13;  and	&#13;  grew	&#13;  up	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  same	&#13;  church	&#13;  that	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  actually	&#13;  attending	&#13;  now,	&#13;  which	&#13;  is	&#13;  the	&#13;  
Presbyterian	&#13;  New	&#13;  England	&#13;  Congregational	&#13;  Church	&#13;  on	&#13;  Circular	&#13;  Street	&#13;  in	&#13;  Saratoga.	&#13;  
And,	&#13;  it	&#13;  wasn't	&#13;  a	&#13;  very,	&#13;  hm,	&#13;  all-­‐encompassing	&#13;  kind	&#13;  of	&#13;  church	&#13;  life,	&#13;  where	&#13;  everything	&#13;  
you	&#13;  do	&#13;  and	&#13;  everything	&#13;  your	&#13;  family	&#13;  does	&#13;  is	&#13;  sort	&#13;  of,	&#13;  is	&#13;  connected	&#13;  to	&#13;  that	&#13;  community,	&#13;  
but	&#13;  it	&#13;  was	&#13;  certainly	&#13;  very	&#13;  big	&#13;  in	&#13;  my	&#13;  life.	&#13;  We	&#13;  went	&#13;  to	&#13;  church	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  Sundays,	&#13;  at	&#13;  least	&#13;  
during	&#13;  the	&#13;  school	&#13;  year.	&#13;  We	&#13;  did	&#13;  volunteer	&#13;  work	&#13;  with	&#13;  them.	&#13;  That's	&#13;  where	&#13;  I	&#13;  went	&#13;  to	&#13;  
youth	&#13;  group	&#13;  and	&#13;  went	&#13;  on	&#13;  trips	&#13;  and	&#13;  so	&#13;  that	&#13;  really	&#13;  was	&#13;  my	&#13;  forming—my	&#13;  formational	&#13;  
community	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  ways.	&#13;  It's	&#13;  where	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  my	&#13;  strongest	&#13;  friendships	&#13;  developed,	&#13;  
in	&#13;  terms	&#13;  of	&#13;  you	&#13;  know	&#13;  when	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  a	&#13;  teenager,	&#13;  the	&#13;  people	&#13;  who	&#13;  I	&#13;  still	&#13;  speak	&#13;  to	&#13;  now	&#13;  as	&#13;  
an	&#13;  adult	&#13;  from	&#13;  my	&#13;  childhood	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  them	&#13;  are	&#13;  people	&#13;  I	&#13;  knew	&#13;  through	&#13;  church.	&#13;  And	&#13;  
then	&#13;  also	&#13;  that	&#13;  meant	&#13;  that	&#13;  other-­‐-­‐that's	&#13;  how	&#13;  I	&#13;  got	&#13;  to	&#13;  know	&#13;  some	&#13;  other	&#13;  religious	&#13;  

�communities.	&#13;  There	&#13;  were	&#13;  some	&#13;  interfaith	&#13;  things	&#13;  that	&#13;  happen	&#13;  or	&#13;  ecumenical	&#13;  things.	&#13;  
That's	&#13;  how	&#13;  I	&#13;  got	&#13;  to	&#13;  know	&#13;  the	&#13;  rabbis	&#13;  at	&#13;  Temple	&#13;  Sinai,	&#13;  because	&#13;  our	&#13;  congregation	&#13;  
would	&#13;  do	&#13;  things	&#13;  together,	&#13;  or,	&#13;  you	&#13;  know	&#13;  there	&#13;  was	&#13;  usually	&#13;  a	&#13;  Thanksgiving	&#13;  kind	&#13;  of	&#13;  
multi-­‐faith	&#13;  prayer	&#13;  and	&#13;  just	&#13;  event,	&#13;  community	&#13;  event,	&#13;  that	&#13;  would	&#13;  happen	&#13;  and	&#13;  there	&#13;  
would	&#13;  be	&#13;  different	&#13;  religious	&#13;  communities	&#13;  represented	&#13;  there.	&#13;  Yeah	&#13;  so	&#13;  that,	&#13;  and	&#13;  they,	&#13;  
the	&#13;  church	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  raised	&#13;  in,	&#13;  like	&#13;  I	&#13;  said	&#13;  it's	&#13;  Presbyterian	&#13;  and	&#13;  Congregational	&#13;  which	&#13;  
are	&#13;  two	&#13;  denominations	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  personally	&#13;  am	&#13;  part	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Presbyterian	&#13;  denomination	&#13;  
and	&#13;  that	&#13;  eventually	&#13;  became	&#13;  a	&#13;  path	&#13;  for	&#13;  me	&#13;  in	&#13;  terms	&#13;  of	&#13;  my	&#13;  professional	&#13;  development	&#13;  
in	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  went	&#13;  to	&#13;  seminary	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  am	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  sort	&#13;  of	&#13;  long,	&#13;  scenic	&#13;  route	&#13;  towards	&#13;  ordination	&#13;  
in	&#13;  that	&#13;  church.	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
ABS:	&#13;  You	&#13;  talked	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  about	&#13;  coming	&#13;  back	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  same	&#13;  church	&#13;  community	&#13;  when	&#13;  you	&#13;  
came	&#13;  back	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  wondering	&#13;  if	&#13;  you	&#13;  could	&#13;  expand	&#13;  on	&#13;  what	&#13;  it	&#13;  was	&#13;  like	&#13;  to	&#13;  come	&#13;  back	&#13;  to	&#13;  
this	&#13;  community	&#13;  fifteen	&#13;  years	&#13;  later.	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
PD:	&#13;  Wow,	&#13;  yeah,	&#13;  in	&#13;  many	&#13;  ways	&#13;  it	&#13;  was	&#13;  just	&#13;  wonderful	&#13;  to	&#13;  be	&#13;  able	&#13;  to	&#13;  come	&#13;  back	&#13;  to	&#13;  my	&#13;  
home	&#13;  church	&#13;  community	&#13;  that	&#13;  it's,	&#13;  even	&#13;  while	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  gone	&#13;  I	&#13;  would	&#13;  come	&#13;  back	&#13;  for	&#13;  
holidays,	&#13;  or	&#13;  if	&#13;  I	&#13;  just	&#13;  happened	&#13;  to	&#13;  be	&#13;  in	&#13;  town	&#13;  over	&#13;  a	&#13;  weekend	&#13;  I	&#13;  would	&#13;  go	&#13;  to	&#13;  church.	&#13;  
The	&#13;  congregation	&#13;  helped	&#13;  support	&#13;  part	&#13;  of	&#13;  my	&#13;  education,	&#13;  you	&#13;  know,	&#13;  this	&#13;  was	&#13;  who	&#13;  I	&#13;  
kept	&#13;  in	&#13;  touch	&#13;  with	&#13;  so,	&#13;  in	&#13;  some	&#13;  ways	&#13;  I	&#13;  had	&#13;  never	&#13;  completely	&#13;  left.	&#13;  But,	&#13;  I	&#13;  would	&#13;  say,	&#13;  I	&#13;  
guess	&#13;  if	&#13;  there	&#13;  was	&#13;  anything	&#13;  challenging	&#13;  about	&#13;  it,	&#13;  it	&#13;  was	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  had	&#13;  grown	&#13;  in	&#13;  my	&#13;  faith	&#13;  
journey	&#13;  in	&#13;  ways	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  worried	&#13;  wouldn't	&#13;  fit	&#13;  in	&#13;  to	&#13;  my	&#13;  home	&#13;  church.	&#13;  That,	&#13;  
our	&#13;  church	&#13;  is	&#13;  known	&#13;  for	&#13;  a	&#13;  really	&#13;  broad	&#13;  diversity	&#13;  of	&#13;  theological	&#13;  beliefs	&#13;  and,	&#13;  I	&#13;  just,	&#13;  I	&#13;  
didn't	&#13;  have	&#13;  the	&#13;  beliefs	&#13;  as	&#13;  I	&#13;  when	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  younger	&#13;  which	&#13;  it	&#13;  to	&#13;  be	&#13;  expected	&#13;  but	&#13;  I	&#13;  just	&#13;  
wanted	&#13;  to	&#13;  make	&#13;  sure	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  still	&#13;  gonna	&#13;  fit	&#13;  in	&#13;  and	&#13;  they,	&#13;  they're	&#13;  so	&#13;  accepting	&#13;  of	&#13;  so	&#13;  
many	&#13;  beliefs	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  knew	&#13;  intellectually	&#13;  that	&#13;  that	&#13;  would	&#13;  be	&#13;  fine,	&#13;  but	&#13;  there's	&#13;  still	&#13;  that	&#13;  
nervousness	&#13;  of,	&#13;  if	&#13;  I	&#13;  don't	&#13;  feel	&#13;  like	&#13;  this	&#13;  is	&#13;  my	&#13;  home	&#13;  church	&#13;  now,	&#13;  like	&#13;  what	&#13;  would	&#13;  I	&#13;  
even	&#13;  do,	&#13;  because	&#13;  it's	&#13;  where	&#13;  my	&#13;  parents	&#13;  go.	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  connected	&#13;  to	&#13;  so	&#13;  many	&#13;  families	&#13;  there,	&#13;  
if	&#13;  I	&#13;  all	&#13;  of	&#13;  a	&#13;  sudden	&#13;  started	&#13;  going	&#13;  to	&#13;  say	&#13;  the	&#13;  Methodist	&#13;  Church	&#13;  or	&#13;  the	&#13;  Episcopalian	&#13;  
Church	&#13;  like	&#13;  people	&#13;  would	&#13;  have	&#13;  questions.	&#13;  And,	&#13;  I	&#13;  never	&#13;  seriously	&#13;  considered	&#13;  not	&#13;  
going,	&#13;  but	&#13;  there	&#13;  were	&#13;  times	&#13;  where	&#13;  I	&#13;  thought,	&#13;  if	&#13;  I	&#13;  had	&#13;  moved	&#13;  to	&#13;  this	&#13;  town	&#13;  as	&#13;  an	&#13;  adult	&#13;  
and	&#13;  had	&#13;  never	&#13;  gone	&#13;  to	&#13;  any	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  churches	&#13;  in	&#13;  town,	&#13;  is	&#13;  this	&#13;  the	&#13;  congregation	&#13;  I	&#13;  would	&#13;  
end	&#13;  up.	&#13;  And	&#13;  I	&#13;  honestly	&#13;  don't	&#13;  know.	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  it	&#13;  would	&#13;  be,	&#13;  just	&#13;  because	&#13;  it's	&#13;  unique	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  
lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  ways	&#13;  in	&#13;  this	&#13;  town	&#13;  and	&#13;  has	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  things	&#13;  I	&#13;  look	&#13;  for,	&#13;  but	&#13;  it	&#13;  was	&#13;  an	&#13;  interesting	&#13;  
question	&#13;  to	&#13;  think	&#13;  about.	&#13;  And	&#13;  in	&#13;  other	&#13;  ways	&#13;  it's	&#13;  just	&#13;  been	&#13;  good	&#13;  to	&#13;  get	&#13;  back	&#13;  and	&#13;  to	&#13;  
church	&#13;  life	&#13;  and,	&#13;  you	&#13;  know,	&#13;  I	&#13;  ended	&#13;  up	&#13;  being	&#13;  nominated	&#13;  for	&#13;  the	&#13;  board	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  church	&#13;  
and	&#13;  church	&#13;  leadership	&#13;  so	&#13;  it's	&#13;  a	&#13;  very	&#13;  different	&#13;  role	&#13;  than	&#13;  I	&#13;  had	&#13;  before,	&#13;  where	&#13;  I'd	&#13;  still	&#13;  
get	&#13;  treated	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  bit	&#13;  as	&#13;  one	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  kids	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  church	&#13;  but	&#13;  I'm,	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  treated	&#13;  as	&#13;  an	&#13;  adult	&#13;  
and	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  leader	&#13;  and	&#13;  with	&#13;  expectations	&#13;  and	&#13;  responsibilities	&#13;  which	&#13;  are	&#13;  different,	&#13;  
which	&#13;  I	&#13;  value.	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  

�ABS:	&#13;  Thanks	&#13;  for	&#13;  sharing.	&#13;  So	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  this	&#13;  is	&#13;  maybe	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  of	&#13;  a	&#13;  transition	&#13;  into	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  
and	&#13;  what	&#13;  that	&#13;  role	&#13;  is	&#13;  like	&#13;  but	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  wondering,	&#13;  for	&#13;  you	&#13;  coming	&#13;  to	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  was	&#13;  really	&#13;  
coming	&#13;  home	&#13;  to	&#13;  you	&#13;  community	&#13;  and	&#13;  you	&#13;  talked	&#13;  about	&#13;  how	&#13;  we	&#13;  practice	&#13;  [sic]	&#13;  is	&#13;  so	&#13;  
much	&#13;  bound	&#13;  up	&#13;  with	&#13;  how	&#13;  we	&#13;  grew	&#13;  up	&#13;  and	&#13;  what	&#13;  communities	&#13;  we	&#13;  grew	&#13;  up	&#13;  in,	&#13;  and	&#13;  for	&#13;  
a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  people	&#13;  coming	&#13;  to	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  they're	&#13;  leaving	&#13;  their	&#13;  home	&#13;  communities.	&#13;  So	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  
wondering	&#13;  if	&#13;  you	&#13;  thought	&#13;  at	&#13;  all	&#13;  about	&#13;  that	&#13;  kind	&#13;  of	&#13;  relationship	&#13;  of	&#13;  working	&#13;  with	&#13;  a	&#13;  
bunch	&#13;  of	&#13;  students	&#13;  here	&#13;  who	&#13;  are	&#13;  leaving	&#13;  their	&#13;  home	&#13;  communities	&#13;  and	&#13;  for	&#13;  you	&#13;  it's	&#13;  
coming	&#13;  back	&#13;  to	&#13;  your	&#13;  community	&#13;  and	&#13;  if	&#13;  that	&#13;  influences	&#13;  your	&#13;  role	&#13;  here.	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
PD:	&#13;  Mhm.	&#13;  Sure,	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  it	&#13;  does.	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  one	&#13;  would	&#13;  be	&#13;  I	&#13;  try	&#13;  and	&#13;  use	&#13;  the	&#13;  fact	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  do	&#13;  
know	&#13;  this	&#13;  community	&#13;  really	&#13;  well,	&#13;  this	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  community	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  way	&#13;  to	&#13;  connect	&#13;  
students	&#13;  not	&#13;  just	&#13;  by	&#13;  which	&#13;  denomination	&#13;  they're	&#13;  looking	&#13;  for	&#13;  or	&#13;  you	&#13;  know,	&#13;  the	&#13;  name	&#13;  
of	&#13;  the	&#13;  tradition	&#13;  they're	&#13;  looking	&#13;  for,	&#13;  but	&#13;  sort	&#13;  of	&#13;  getting	&#13;  to	&#13;  know	&#13;  the	&#13;  personality	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  
student	&#13;  and	&#13;  the	&#13;  personality	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  congregation,	&#13;  and	&#13;  being	&#13;  able	&#13;  to	&#13;  say,	&#13;  you	&#13;  know,	&#13;  I	&#13;  
think	&#13;  you're	&#13;  really	&#13;  gonna	&#13;  like	&#13;  this	&#13;  leader,	&#13;  or,	&#13;  you	&#13;  know,	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  some	&#13;  folks	&#13;  who	&#13;  go	&#13;  
to	&#13;  this	&#13;  particular	&#13;  service	&#13;  that	&#13;  are	&#13;  looking	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  same	&#13;  questions	&#13;  that	&#13;  you're	&#13;  asking.	&#13;  
And	&#13;  so,	&#13;  part	&#13;  of	&#13;  it	&#13;  is	&#13;  that,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  don't	&#13;  think	&#13;  it's	&#13;  necessary	&#13;  to	&#13;  do	&#13;  my	&#13;  role	&#13;  to	&#13;  have	&#13;  that	&#13;  
sort	&#13;  of	&#13;  historical	&#13;  knowledge,	&#13;  but	&#13;  I've	&#13;  certainly	&#13;  tried	&#13;  to	&#13;  use	&#13;  it	&#13;  that	&#13;  way.	&#13;  And	&#13;  then	&#13;  the	&#13;  
other	&#13;  bit	&#13;  is	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  have	&#13;  to	&#13;  rely	&#13;  on	&#13;  my	&#13;  own	&#13;  college	&#13;  experience	&#13;  where	&#13;  I	&#13;  wasn't	&#13;  in	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  Springs,	&#13;  to	&#13;  relate	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  bit	&#13;  more	&#13;  to	&#13;  what	&#13;  the	&#13;  students	&#13;  are	&#13;  coming	&#13;  in	&#13;  with.	&#13;  
So,	&#13;  I	&#13;  went	&#13;  to	&#13;  college	&#13;  in	&#13;  Middlebury,	&#13;  Vermont,	&#13;  and,	&#13;  you	&#13;  know,	&#13;  they	&#13;  don't	&#13;  have	&#13;  a	&#13;  
Presbyterian	&#13;  church	&#13;  there	&#13;  and	&#13;  so	&#13;  I	&#13;  found	&#13;  the	&#13;  next	&#13;  best	&#13;  thing	&#13;  for	&#13;  me	&#13;  which	&#13;  was	&#13;  
actually	&#13;  a	&#13;  Congregational	&#13;  Church,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  looked	&#13;  up	&#13;  the	&#13;  worship	&#13;  times	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  went.	&#13;  I	&#13;  
was	&#13;  one	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  only	&#13;  students	&#13;  who	&#13;  did,	&#13;  sometimes	&#13;  my	&#13;  sister	&#13;  came,	&#13;  she	&#13;  was	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  
same	&#13;  school,	&#13;  and	&#13;  that	&#13;  was	&#13;  it.	&#13;  And	&#13;  I	&#13;  realized	&#13;  only,	&#13;  you	&#13;  know,	&#13;  months	&#13;  later	&#13;  who	&#13;  else	&#13;  at	&#13;  
the	&#13;  school	&#13;  might	&#13;  have	&#13;  some	&#13;  of	&#13;  my	&#13;  similar	&#13;  religious	&#13;  beliefs.	&#13;  That	&#13;  I	&#13;  didn't,	&#13;  I	&#13;  didn't	&#13;  find	&#13;  
my	&#13;  kind	&#13;  of	&#13;  on	&#13;  campus	&#13;  religious	&#13;  community	&#13;  in	&#13;  some	&#13;  ways	&#13;  ever,	&#13;  but	&#13;  even	&#13;  a	&#13;  small	&#13;  part	&#13;  
of	&#13;  it	&#13;  I	&#13;  didn't	&#13;  find	&#13;  for	&#13;  a	&#13;  while.	&#13;  And	&#13;  so	&#13;  I	&#13;  try	&#13;  and	&#13;  hold	&#13;  on	&#13;  to	&#13;  that	&#13;  experience	&#13;  and	&#13;  fill	&#13;  in	&#13;  
some	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  blanks	&#13;  I	&#13;  wish	&#13;  had	&#13;  been	&#13;  filled	&#13;  in	&#13;  for	&#13;  me,	&#13;  as	&#13;  somebody	&#13;  who	&#13;  didn't	&#13;  really	&#13;  
know	&#13;  the	&#13;  landscape.	&#13;  What	&#13;  are	&#13;  some	&#13;  other	&#13;  ways	&#13;  that	&#13;  influences	&#13;  things	&#13;  [pause].	&#13;  I	&#13;  
think	&#13;  part	&#13;  of	&#13;  it	&#13;  is	&#13;  trying	&#13;  to	&#13;  ease	&#13;  the	&#13;  transition	&#13;  for	&#13;  students	&#13;  not	&#13;  just	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  immediate	&#13;  
religious	&#13;  sense.	&#13;  Right,	&#13;  I	&#13;  can	&#13;  reserve	&#13;  prayer	&#13;  rooms,	&#13;  I	&#13;  can	&#13;  hold	&#13;  services,	&#13;  I	&#13;  can	&#13;  bring	&#13;  in	&#13;  
leaders	&#13;  and	&#13;  what-­‐not,	&#13;  but	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  home-­‐y	&#13;  trappings	&#13;  of	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  people's	&#13;  religious	&#13;  
lives	&#13;  that	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  not	&#13;  gonna	&#13;  be	&#13;  able	&#13;  to	&#13;  completely	&#13;  replicate	&#13;  but	&#13;  I	&#13;  can	&#13;  try	&#13;  and	&#13;  offer	&#13;  or	&#13;  
connect	&#13;  to	&#13;  or	&#13;  get	&#13;  a	&#13;  taxi	&#13;  to	&#13;  or	&#13;  something.	&#13;  So	&#13;  that's	&#13;  part	&#13;  of	&#13;  it	&#13;  to	&#13;  is	&#13;  just	&#13;  thinking	&#13;  about	&#13;  
what-­‐-­‐and	&#13;  asking	&#13;  the	&#13;  students-­‐-­‐what	&#13;  feels	&#13;  like	&#13;  home	&#13;  to	&#13;  you.	&#13;  Because	&#13;  sometimes	&#13;  
when	&#13;  they're	&#13;  asking	&#13;  me	&#13;  for	&#13;  support	&#13;  or	&#13;  for	&#13;  access	&#13;  to	&#13;  a	&#13;  community,	&#13;  you	&#13;  know	&#13;  they're	&#13;  
using	&#13;  category	&#13;  names	&#13;  and	&#13;  they're	&#13;  using	&#13;  tradition	&#13;  names.	&#13;  But	&#13;  I	&#13;  remember,	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  
studying	&#13;  abroad,	&#13;  I	&#13;  did	&#13;  a	&#13;  gap	&#13;  semester	&#13;  after	&#13;  high	&#13;  school	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  in	&#13;  Jamaica,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  
went	&#13;  church	&#13;  with	&#13;  my	&#13;  host	&#13;  family,	&#13;  but	&#13;  sometimes	&#13;  I	&#13;  would	&#13;  go	&#13;  to	&#13;  a	&#13;  church	&#13;  that	&#13;  was	&#13;  a	&#13;  
little	&#13;  more	&#13;  like	&#13;  the	&#13;  one	&#13;  I	&#13;  grew	&#13;  up	&#13;  in.	&#13;  And	&#13;  I	&#13;  walked	&#13;  in	&#13;  and	&#13;  they	&#13;  had	&#13;  the	&#13;  same	&#13;  exact	&#13;  
brass	&#13;  cross	&#13;  on	&#13;  the	&#13;  altar,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  almost	&#13;  cried.	&#13;  And,	&#13;  it's	&#13;  that	&#13;  kind	&#13;  of	&#13;  thing	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  know	&#13;  
that	&#13;  will	&#13;  help	&#13;  students,	&#13;  and	&#13;  it	&#13;  might	&#13;  just	&#13;  take	&#13;  a	&#13;  while	&#13;  to	&#13;  figure	&#13;  out	&#13;  what	&#13;  that	&#13;  is.	&#13;  To	&#13;  
find	&#13;  that	&#13;  familiarity.	&#13;  So	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  not	&#13;  sure	&#13;  if	&#13;  that	&#13;  answers	&#13;  the-­‐-­‐your	&#13;  questions.	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  

�	&#13;  
[00:11:25.000]	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
ABS:	&#13;  Yeah,	&#13;  definitely,	&#13;  wow.	&#13;  Yeah	&#13;  it	&#13;  is	&#13;  almost	&#13;  that	&#13;  search	&#13;  for	&#13;  home	&#13;  that	&#13;  students	&#13;  
come	&#13;  in	&#13;  looking	&#13;  for.	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
PD:	&#13;  Mhm.	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
ABS:	&#13;  Ok,	&#13;  so	&#13;  you've	&#13;  been	&#13;  here	&#13;  three	&#13;  years?	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
PD:	&#13;  Something	&#13;  like	&#13;  that.	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
ABS:	&#13;  Something	&#13;  like	&#13;  that?	&#13;  Which	&#13;  is	&#13;  pretty	&#13;  recent.	&#13;  Can	&#13;  you	&#13;  talk	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  bit	&#13;  about	&#13;  your	&#13;  
first	&#13;  impressions	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  religious	&#13;  community	&#13;  at	&#13;  Skidmore?	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
PD:	&#13;  Hm.	&#13;  Well	&#13;  I	&#13;  admit	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  had	&#13;  sort	&#13;  of	&#13;  made	&#13;  some	&#13;  assumptions	&#13;  based	&#13;  on	&#13;  my	&#13;  
experience	&#13;  at	&#13;  a	&#13;  somewhat	&#13;  similar	&#13;  college	&#13;  and	&#13;  my	&#13;  knowledge	&#13;  of	&#13;  Skidmore.	&#13;  So,	&#13;  I	&#13;  
probably	&#13;  didn't	&#13;  come	&#13;  in	&#13;  with	&#13;  a	&#13;  completely	&#13;  open	&#13;  mind	&#13;  in	&#13;  terms	&#13;  of,	&#13;  just,	&#13;  what's	&#13;  my	&#13;  
first	&#13;  impression,	&#13;  you	&#13;  know	&#13;  completely	&#13;  blank	&#13;  slate	&#13;  kind	&#13;  of	&#13;  thing.	&#13;  It	&#13;  was	&#13;  more	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  
kind	&#13;  of	&#13;  assumed	&#13;  that	&#13;  it	&#13;  would	&#13;  be,	&#13;  not	&#13;  the	&#13;  most	&#13;  overtly	&#13;  religious	&#13;  campus,	&#13;  that	&#13;  it	&#13;  
would	&#13;  be,	&#13;  um,	&#13;  you	&#13;  know	&#13;  that	&#13;  religions	&#13;  that	&#13;  are	&#13;  generally	&#13;  minorities	&#13;  in	&#13;  society	&#13;  would	&#13;  
probably	&#13;  be	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  more	&#13;  organized	&#13;  just	&#13;  by	&#13;  necessity,	&#13;  that	&#13;  we	&#13;  would	&#13;  have	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  
students	&#13;  who	&#13;  were	&#13;  maybe	&#13;  interested	&#13;  when	&#13;  they	&#13;  went	&#13;  home	&#13;  in	&#13;  still	&#13;  attending	&#13;  a	&#13;  
service	&#13;  or	&#13;  connecting	&#13;  with	&#13;  a	&#13;  tradition.	&#13;  But	&#13;  at	&#13;  least	&#13;  while	&#13;  they	&#13;  were	&#13;  at	&#13;  college	&#13;  it	&#13;  
didn't	&#13;  seem	&#13;  like	&#13;  a	&#13;  priority.	&#13;  And	&#13;  so	&#13;  that	&#13;  was	&#13;  true,	&#13;  those	&#13;  assumptions	&#13;  were	&#13;  proved	&#13;  
pretty	&#13;  true.	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  my	&#13;  impression	&#13;  was	&#13;  that	&#13;  it	&#13;  was	&#13;  very	&#13;  much,	&#13;  [pause],	&#13;  first	&#13;  word	&#13;  
that	&#13;  comes	&#13;  to	&#13;  mind	&#13;  is	&#13;  underground,	&#13;  but	&#13;  that	&#13;  has	&#13;  some	&#13;  sort	&#13;  of	&#13;  like	&#13;  purposeful	&#13;  hiding	&#13;  
that	&#13;  is	&#13;  only	&#13;  occasionally	&#13;  true.	&#13;  But	&#13;  that	&#13;  it	&#13;  was	&#13;  below	&#13;  the	&#13;  surface,	&#13;  how	&#13;  'bout	&#13;  that,	&#13;  that	&#13;  
the	&#13;  religious	&#13;  life	&#13;  at	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  was	&#13;  and	&#13;  still	&#13;  is	&#13;  to	&#13;  a	&#13;  great	&#13;  extent	&#13;  something	&#13;  that	&#13;  
happens	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  person	&#13;  to	&#13;  person	&#13;  sort	&#13;  of	&#13;  way,	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  word	&#13;  of	&#13;  mouth	&#13;  sort	&#13;  of	&#13;  way.	&#13;  It's	&#13;  not	&#13;  
the	&#13;  first	&#13;  thing	&#13;  you	&#13;  find	&#13;  out	&#13;  about	&#13;  somebody,	&#13;  it's	&#13;  not	&#13;  the	&#13;  majority	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  events	&#13;  that	&#13;  
are	&#13;  advertised.	&#13;  But	&#13;  when	&#13;  you	&#13;  scratch	&#13;  the	&#13;  surface	&#13;  it's	&#13;  there.	&#13;  And	&#13;  so	&#13;  part	&#13;  of	&#13;  my	&#13;  job	&#13;  is	&#13;  
figuring	&#13;  out	&#13;  how	&#13;  much	&#13;  of	&#13;  that	&#13;  under-­‐the-­‐surface-­‐ness	&#13;  is	&#13;  actually	&#13;  fine	&#13;  and	&#13;  desirable	&#13;  
and	&#13;  what	&#13;  students	&#13;  and	&#13;  others	&#13;  kind	&#13;  of	&#13;  want	&#13;  and	&#13;  it's	&#13;  working	&#13;  really	&#13;  well	&#13;  and	&#13;  how	&#13;  
much	&#13;  of	&#13;  it	&#13;  is	&#13;  happening	&#13;  simply	&#13;  because	&#13;  there	&#13;  isn't	&#13;  another	&#13;  way.	&#13;  Um,	&#13;  what	&#13;  else	&#13;  was	&#13;  I	&#13;  
struck	&#13;  by.	&#13;  That's	&#13;  the	&#13;  first	&#13;  thing	&#13;  that	&#13;  comes	&#13;  to	&#13;  mind.	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
[00:14:13.783]	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
ABS:	&#13;  This	&#13;  is	&#13;  a	&#13;  bit	&#13;  more	&#13;  of	&#13;  just	&#13;  a	&#13;  practical	&#13;  question,	&#13;  but	&#13;  could	&#13;  you	&#13;  just	&#13;  talk	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  bit	&#13;  
about	&#13;  the	&#13;  different	&#13;  communities	&#13;  that	&#13;  are	&#13;  here,	&#13;  whether	&#13;  it's	&#13;  the	&#13;  more	&#13;  above-­‐the-­‐
surface	&#13;  communities	&#13;  or	&#13;  any	&#13;  below-­‐surface	&#13;  communities	&#13;  also?	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  

�PD:	&#13;  Sure,	&#13;  so	&#13;  in	&#13;  terms	&#13;  of	&#13;  named	&#13;  groups	&#13;  we	&#13;  have:	&#13;  Hillel,	&#13;  which	&#13;  is	&#13;  a	&#13;  Jewish	&#13;  student	&#13;  
organization,	&#13;  broad	&#13;  spectrum	&#13;  in	&#13;  terms	&#13;  of	&#13;  tradition.	&#13;  Because	&#13;  we	&#13;  don't	&#13;  have,	&#13;  not	&#13;  just	&#13;  
because,	&#13;  but	&#13;  we	&#13;  don't	&#13;  have	&#13;  kosher	&#13;  offerings	&#13;  at	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  and	&#13;  that	&#13;  and	&#13;  other	&#13;  reasons	&#13;  
mean	&#13;  that	&#13;  we	&#13;  don't	&#13;  have	&#13;  a	&#13;  full	&#13;  range	&#13;  of	&#13;  Jewish	&#13;  traditions	&#13;  represented	&#13;  but	&#13;  what	&#13;  does	&#13;  
exist,	&#13;  the	&#13;  only	&#13;  organized	&#13;  group	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  moment	&#13;  is	&#13;  Hillel	&#13;  for	&#13;  them.	&#13;  There's	&#13;  Christian	&#13;  
Fellowship,	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  Christian	&#13;  Fellowship,	&#13;  which	&#13;  is	&#13;  a	&#13;  chapter	&#13;  of	&#13;  InterVarsity	&#13;  
Christian	&#13;  Fellowship,	&#13;  which	&#13;  is	&#13;  a	&#13;  national	&#13;  and	&#13;  sometimes	&#13;  international	&#13;  thing,	&#13;  so	&#13;  is	&#13;  
Hillel.	&#13;  And	&#13;  then	&#13;  we	&#13;  have	&#13;  a	&#13;  Newman	&#13;  club,	&#13;  which	&#13;  is	&#13;  for	&#13;  Catholic	&#13;  students.	&#13;  That	&#13;  has	&#13;  
been	&#13;  from	&#13;  semester	&#13;  to	&#13;  semester	&#13;  more	&#13;  and	&#13;  less	&#13;  active.	&#13;  It's	&#13;  quite	&#13;  small,	&#13;  one	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  
primary	&#13;  functions	&#13;  is	&#13;  finding	&#13;  carpools	&#13;  to	&#13;  local	&#13;  Masses,	&#13;  so	&#13;  it's	&#13;  not	&#13;  one	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  more	&#13;  
active	&#13;  in	&#13;  terms	&#13;  of	&#13;  programming	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  moment.	&#13;  Then	&#13;  when	&#13;  I	&#13;  first	&#13;  arrived,	&#13;  and	&#13;  still,	&#13;  
we	&#13;  have	&#13;  Hayat,	&#13;  which	&#13;  is	&#13;  a	&#13;  cultural	&#13;  affinity	&#13;  group,	&#13;  not	&#13;  a	&#13;  religious	&#13;  affinity	&#13;  group.	&#13;  But	&#13;  it	&#13;  
covers	&#13;  the	&#13;  Middle	&#13;  East	&#13;  and	&#13;  South	&#13;  East	&#13;  Asia	&#13;  and	&#13;  so	&#13;  they	&#13;  will	&#13;  do	&#13;  cultural	&#13;  events	&#13;  that	&#13;  
are	&#13;  also	&#13;  religiously	&#13;  connected	&#13;  and	&#13;  things	&#13;  like	&#13;  Holi	&#13;  or	&#13;  a	&#13;  Lunar	&#13;  New	&#13;  Year's	&#13;  celebration	&#13;  
sometimes,	&#13;  although	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  also	&#13;  other	&#13;  groups	&#13;  who	&#13;  do	&#13;  those.	&#13;  Eid	&#13;  dinners	&#13;  for	&#13;  the	&#13;  
Muslim	&#13;  community.	&#13;  So	&#13;  that	&#13;  also	&#13;  depends	&#13;  on	&#13;  who's	&#13;  in	&#13;  charge	&#13;  and	&#13;  who's	&#13;  interested	&#13;  in	&#13;  
supporting	&#13;  an	&#13;  event,	&#13;  but	&#13;  they	&#13;  function	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  ways	&#13;  independently	&#13;  from	&#13;  my	&#13;  office	&#13;  
and	&#13;  from	&#13;  the	&#13;  Office	&#13;  of	&#13;  Student	&#13;  Diversity	&#13;  Programming,	&#13;  but	&#13;  both	&#13;  of	&#13;  our	&#13;  offices	&#13;  do	&#13;  
work	&#13;  with	&#13;  them.	&#13;  There's	&#13;  a	&#13;  Quaker	&#13;  group	&#13;  that	&#13;  is	&#13;  not	&#13;  an	&#13;  official	&#13;  club	&#13;  but	&#13;  they	&#13;  get	&#13;  
together	&#13;  and	&#13;  through	&#13;  my	&#13;  office	&#13;  they	&#13;  advertise,	&#13;  they	&#13;  meet	&#13;  every	&#13;  other	&#13;  week	&#13;  and	&#13;  they	&#13;  
advertise	&#13;  that	&#13;  through	&#13;  my	&#13;  office	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  help	&#13;  make	&#13;  them	&#13;  connections	&#13;  with	&#13;  members	&#13;  of	&#13;  
the	&#13;  local	&#13;  Quaker	&#13;  community.	&#13;  There	&#13;  are	&#13;  bible	&#13;  studies	&#13;  that	&#13;  are	&#13;  connected	&#13;  with	&#13;  
Christian	&#13;  Fellowship	&#13;  but	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  some	&#13;  of	&#13;  them	&#13;  are	&#13;  attended	&#13;  by	&#13;  folks	&#13;  who	&#13;  maybe	&#13;  
aren't	&#13;  involved	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  club	&#13;  more	&#13;  broadly	&#13;  but	&#13;  are	&#13;  interested	&#13;  in	&#13;  going	&#13;  to	&#13;  a	&#13;  bible	&#13;  study	&#13;  
that	&#13;  maybe	&#13;  their	&#13;  friend	&#13;  is	&#13;  leading.	&#13;  There	&#13;  is	&#13;  a	&#13;  practicing	&#13;  Zen	&#13;  gathering	&#13;  that	&#13;  doesn't	&#13;  
necessarily	&#13;  require	&#13;  you	&#13;  to	&#13;  be	&#13;  a	&#13;  Zen	&#13;  practitioner	&#13;  and	&#13;  to	&#13;  identify	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  Zen	&#13;  Buddhist	&#13;  to	&#13;  
attend,	&#13;  but	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  certainly	&#13;  folks	&#13;  who	&#13;  attend	&#13;  who	&#13;  have	&#13;  been,	&#13;  who	&#13;  do	&#13;  identify	&#13;  that	&#13;  
way,	&#13;  both	&#13;  from	&#13;  the	&#13;  community	&#13;  and	&#13;  the	&#13;  faculty	&#13;  and	&#13;  every	&#13;  once	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  while	&#13;  some	&#13;  of	&#13;  our	&#13;  
students	&#13;  as	&#13;  well.	&#13;  And	&#13;  then	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  some	&#13;  students	&#13;  who	&#13;  will	&#13;  get	&#13;  together	&#13;  around	&#13;  a	&#13;  
certain	&#13;  holiday	&#13;  or	&#13;  something	&#13;  like	&#13;  that.	&#13;  There	&#13;  were	&#13;  some	&#13;  Hindu	&#13;  students	&#13;  last	&#13;  
semester	&#13;  who	&#13;  got	&#13;  together	&#13;  to	&#13;  go	&#13;  to	&#13;  a	&#13;  Temple	&#13;  for	&#13;  a	&#13;  particular	&#13;  holiday.	&#13;  And	&#13;  it	&#13;  was	&#13;  sort	&#13;  
of	&#13;  under	&#13;  the	&#13;  auspices	&#13;  of	&#13;  my	&#13;  office,	&#13;  sort	&#13;  of	&#13;  under	&#13;  the	&#13;  auspices	&#13;  of	&#13;  Hayat.	&#13;  It	&#13;  will	&#13;  sort	&#13;  of	&#13;  
be	&#13;  an	&#13;  ad	&#13;  hoc	&#13;  group	&#13;  for	&#13;  a	&#13;  specific	&#13;  purpose	&#13;  and	&#13;  then	&#13;  they	&#13;  sort	&#13;  of	&#13;  will	&#13;  dissolve	&#13;  again.	&#13;  I	&#13;  
feel	&#13;  like	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  probably	&#13;  forgetting	&#13;  something	&#13;  huge	&#13;  right	&#13;  now.	&#13;  There	&#13;  are	&#13;  some	&#13;  other	&#13;  
groups	&#13;  that	&#13;  include	&#13;  spirituality	&#13;  and	&#13;  spiritual	&#13;  connection	&#13;  as	&#13;  part	&#13;  of	&#13;  what	&#13;  they	&#13;  do	&#13;  and	&#13;  
who	&#13;  they	&#13;  are,	&#13;  but	&#13;  they're	&#13;  less,	&#13;  I	&#13;  wouldn't	&#13;  call	&#13;  them	&#13;  affinity	&#13;  groups	&#13;  as	&#13;  much	&#13;  because	&#13;  
they're	&#13;  going	&#13;  to	&#13;  have	&#13;  a	&#13;  much	&#13;  broader	&#13;  spectrum	&#13;  of	&#13;  beliefs	&#13;  within	&#13;  them	&#13;  and	&#13;  so,	&#13;  
there's	&#13;  an	&#13;  inspirational	&#13;  choir	&#13;  called	&#13;  Rejoice,	&#13;  and	&#13;  for	&#13;  many	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  folks	&#13;  there	&#13;  there's	&#13;  a	&#13;  
spiritual	&#13;  component	&#13;  to	&#13;  what	&#13;  they're	&#13;  doing	&#13;  and	&#13;  what	&#13;  they're	&#13;  singing	&#13;  but	&#13;  they	&#13;  sing	&#13;  
songs	&#13;  from	&#13;  many	&#13;  different	&#13;  traditions.	&#13;  There's	&#13;  a	&#13;  mindful	&#13;  movement	&#13;  club	&#13;  of	&#13;  students	&#13;  
that	&#13;  do	&#13;  everything	&#13;  from	&#13;  learning	&#13;  modern	&#13;  dance	&#13;  movement	&#13;  techniques	&#13;  to	&#13;  yoga	&#13;  to,	&#13;  
um,	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  the	&#13;  circus	&#13;  club	&#13;  has	&#13;  done	&#13;  some	&#13;  things	&#13;  with	&#13;  them.	&#13;  So,	&#13;  again	&#13;  some	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  
folks	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  regular	&#13;  yoga	&#13;  practitioners	&#13;  and	&#13;  for	&#13;  them	&#13;  that	&#13;  is	&#13;  part	&#13;  of	&#13;  a	&#13;  religious	&#13;  and	&#13;  
or	&#13;  spiritual	&#13;  practice	&#13;  but	&#13;  it's	&#13;  not	&#13;  necessarily.	&#13;  And	&#13;  then	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  the	&#13;  folks	&#13;  who	&#13;  come	&#13;  
to	&#13;  the	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  mindfulness.	&#13;  So	&#13;  we	&#13;  have	&#13;  weekly	&#13;  meditations	&#13;  and	&#13;  yoga	&#13;  practices	&#13;  
and	&#13;  reiki	&#13;  and	&#13;  things	&#13;  like	&#13;  that	&#13;  that	&#13;  students	&#13;  aren't	&#13;  required	&#13;  to	&#13;  or	&#13;  the	&#13;  rest	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  

�community	&#13;  is	&#13;  not	&#13;  required	&#13;  to	&#13;  claim	&#13;  any	&#13;  particular	&#13;  tradition	&#13;  for	&#13;  nor	&#13;  are	&#13;  they	&#13;  likely	&#13;  to	&#13;  
but	&#13;  they	&#13;  can,	&#13;  and	&#13;  many	&#13;  of	&#13;  them	&#13;  do	&#13;  express	&#13;  that	&#13;  this	&#13;  is	&#13;  a	&#13;  spiritual	&#13;  thing	&#13;  for	&#13;  them.	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
[00:19:22.000]	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
ABS:	&#13;  It's	&#13;  a	&#13;  pretty	&#13;  full	&#13;  list.	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
PD:	&#13;  Yeah	&#13;  [laughs].	&#13;  Oh!	&#13;  I	&#13;  knew	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  gonna	&#13;  forget	&#13;  somebody.	&#13;  When	&#13;  I	&#13;  started	&#13;  talking	&#13;  
about	&#13;  Hayat	&#13;  I	&#13;  said,	&#13;  you	&#13;  know	&#13;  when	&#13;  I	&#13;  got	&#13;  here	&#13;  Hayat	&#13;  was	&#13;  doing	&#13;  all	&#13;  of	&#13;  this	&#13;  and	&#13;  they	&#13;  
still	&#13;  are,	&#13;  but	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  past	&#13;  year	&#13;  there's	&#13;  also	&#13;  been	&#13;  a	&#13;  bigger	&#13;  push	&#13;  from	&#13;  some	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  
Muslim	&#13;  students	&#13;  to	&#13;  actually	&#13;  have	&#13;  a	&#13;  club	&#13;  that	&#13;  is	&#13;  expressly	&#13;  for	&#13;  Muslim	&#13;  students.	&#13;  And	&#13;  
there's	&#13;  been	&#13;  interest	&#13;  in	&#13;  that	&#13;  since	&#13;  before	&#13;  I	&#13;  got	&#13;  here,	&#13;  but	&#13;  our	&#13;  students	&#13;  are	&#13;  so	&#13;  involved	&#13;  
in	&#13;  so	&#13;  much	&#13;  that	&#13;  it	&#13;  takes	&#13;  students	&#13;  who	&#13;  aren't	&#13;  just	&#13;  interested	&#13;  in	&#13;  it	&#13;  but	&#13;  are	&#13;  interested	&#13;  in	&#13;  
taking	&#13;  leadership	&#13;  in	&#13;  it.	&#13;  And	&#13;  so	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  some	&#13;  students	&#13;  who	&#13;  have	&#13;  started	&#13;  the	&#13;  process	&#13;  
of	&#13;  making	&#13;  an	&#13;  official	&#13;  club,	&#13;  which	&#13;  is	&#13;  fantastic.	&#13;  But	&#13;  if	&#13;  that	&#13;  doesn't	&#13;  happen	&#13;  or	&#13;  until	&#13;  that	&#13;  
happens,	&#13;  our	&#13;  office	&#13;  just	&#13;  continues	&#13;  to	&#13;  work	&#13;  with	&#13;  some	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Muslim	&#13;  staff	&#13;  and	&#13;  faculty	&#13;  
to	&#13;  support	&#13;  the	&#13;  Muslim	&#13;  students	&#13;  on	&#13;  campus.	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
[00:20:12.000]	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
ABS:	&#13;  Can	&#13;  you	&#13;  also	&#13;  just	&#13;  talk	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  bit	&#13;  about	&#13;  how	&#13;  staff	&#13;  and	&#13;  faculty	&#13;  are	&#13;  present	&#13;  in	&#13;  your	&#13;  
office,	&#13;  if	&#13;  they	&#13;  are,	&#13;  if	&#13;  they	&#13;  have	&#13;  a	&#13;  relationship	&#13;  to	&#13;  these	&#13;  student	&#13;  groups?	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
PD:	&#13;  Sure,	&#13;  well	&#13;  I	&#13;  should	&#13;  mention	&#13;  my	&#13;  staff	&#13;  as	&#13;  well	&#13;  so,	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  three	&#13;  professional	&#13;  staff	&#13;  
and	&#13;  then	&#13;  a	&#13;  kind	&#13;  of	&#13;  rotating	&#13;  number	&#13;  of	&#13;  student	&#13;  staff.	&#13;  And	&#13;  that	&#13;  includes	&#13;  a	&#13;  coordinator	&#13;  
for	&#13;  Jewish	&#13;  Student	&#13;  Life,	&#13;  Martina	&#13;  Zobel,	&#13;  and	&#13;  a	&#13;  coordinator	&#13;  for	&#13;  the	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  
Mindfulness	&#13;  program	&#13;  Jennifer	&#13;  Schmid-­‐Fareed.	&#13;  And	&#13;  the	&#13;  two	&#13;  of	&#13;  them	&#13;  work	&#13;  both	&#13;  with	&#13;  
clubs	&#13;  and	&#13;  with	&#13;  students	&#13;  who's	&#13;  needs	&#13;  aren't	&#13;  being	&#13;  met	&#13;  by	&#13;  the	&#13;  clubs,	&#13;  or	&#13;  who	&#13;  just	&#13;  want	&#13;  
to	&#13;  do	&#13;  things	&#13;  that	&#13;  expand	&#13;  the	&#13;  presence	&#13;  of	&#13;  religion	&#13;  or	&#13;  spirituality	&#13;  or	&#13;  interfaith	&#13;  on	&#13;  
campus.	&#13;  And	&#13;  so,	&#13;  the	&#13;  three	&#13;  of	&#13;  us	&#13;  are	&#13;  the	&#13;  staff	&#13;  and	&#13;  we	&#13;  collaborate	&#13;  with	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  other	&#13;  
staff	&#13;  in	&#13;  terms	&#13;  of	&#13;  events.	&#13;  	&#13;  I	&#13;  mentioned	&#13;  the	&#13;  Office	&#13;  of	&#13;  Student	&#13;  Diversity	&#13;  Programming.	&#13;  
The	&#13;  director	&#13;  of	&#13;  that	&#13;  office	&#13;  and	&#13;  myself	&#13;  we	&#13;  oversee	&#13;  the	&#13;  Intercultural	&#13;  Center	&#13;  together.	&#13;  
So	&#13;  we	&#13;  try	&#13;  and	&#13;  make	&#13;  sure	&#13;  that	&#13;  whenever	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  programs	&#13;  that	&#13;  are	&#13;  more	&#13;  
automatically	&#13;  assigned	&#13;  to	&#13;  one	&#13;  of	&#13;  our	&#13;  offices	&#13;  that	&#13;  we're	&#13;  thinking	&#13;  more	&#13;  broadly	&#13;  about	&#13;  
how	&#13;  the	&#13;  work	&#13;  of	&#13;  our	&#13;  offices	&#13;  might	&#13;  overlap	&#13;  for	&#13;  those	&#13;  programs.	&#13;  We	&#13;  work	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  
student	&#13;  leadership	&#13;  offices	&#13;  and	&#13;  their	&#13;  staff	&#13;  because	&#13;  they	&#13;  support	&#13;  the	&#13;  clubs	&#13;  and	&#13;  events	&#13;  
on	&#13;  campus	&#13;  and	&#13;  that's	&#13;  an	&#13;  obvious	&#13;  connection.	&#13;  So	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  some	&#13;  that	&#13;  are	&#13;  quite	&#13;  
obvious.	&#13;  The	&#13;  counseling	&#13;  center	&#13;  does	&#13;  stuff	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  Mindfulness	&#13;  program,	&#13;  the	&#13;  
religious	&#13;  studies	&#13;  department	&#13;  will	&#13;  have	&#13;  [sic]	&#13;  us	&#13;  promote	&#13;  some	&#13;  of	&#13;  our	&#13;  events	&#13;  and	&#13;  vice	&#13;  
versa,	&#13;  so	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  some	&#13;  obvious	&#13;  ones.	&#13;  And	&#13;  then	&#13;  beyond	&#13;  that,	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  stu—er,	&#13;  
sorry,	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  staff	&#13;  and	&#13;  faculty	&#13;  that	&#13;  will	&#13;  attend	&#13;  some	&#13;  of	&#13;  our	&#13;  offerings.	&#13;  Most	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  
events	&#13;  that	&#13;  we	&#13;  do	&#13;  are	&#13;  open	&#13;  to	&#13;  staff	&#13;  and	&#13;  faculty,	&#13;  so	&#13;  they'll	&#13;  come	&#13;  to	&#13;  Shabbat	&#13;  dinner	&#13;  or	&#13;  

�they'll	&#13;  come	&#13;  to	&#13;  one	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  meditations.	&#13;  This	&#13;  week	&#13;  we	&#13;  did	&#13;  an	&#13;  Ash	&#13;  Wednesday	&#13;  service	&#13;  
and	&#13;  I'd	&#13;  say	&#13;  there	&#13;  were	&#13;  maybe	&#13;  thirty-­‐six	&#13;  people	&#13;  there	&#13;  and	&#13;  two-­‐thirds	&#13;  of	&#13;  them	&#13;  were	&#13;  
students	&#13;  and	&#13;  the	&#13;  other	&#13;  third	&#13;  was	&#13;  probably	&#13;  staff	&#13;  and	&#13;  faculty.	&#13;  So	&#13;  they,	&#13;  there's	&#13;  a	&#13;  few.	&#13;  
It's	&#13;  not	&#13;  a	&#13;  majority	&#13;  by	&#13;  any	&#13;  sense,	&#13;  it's	&#13;  not	&#13;  a	&#13;  large	&#13;  group,	&#13;  but	&#13;  there's	&#13;  a	&#13;  handful	&#13;  that	&#13;  do	&#13;  
get	&#13;  involved	&#13;  that	&#13;  way	&#13;  just	&#13;  by	&#13;  attending	&#13;  and	&#13;  participating.	&#13;  And	&#13;  then	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  some	&#13;  
who	&#13;  get	&#13;  involved	&#13;  in	&#13;  really	&#13;  supporting	&#13;  the	&#13;  work	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  communities	&#13;  and	&#13;  so,	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  
staff	&#13;  and	&#13;  faculty	&#13;  who	&#13;  don't	&#13;  just	&#13;  come	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  events	&#13;  but	&#13;  will	&#13;  help	&#13;  with	&#13;  hiring	&#13;  new	&#13;  
staff,	&#13;  finding	&#13;  new	&#13;  advisors,	&#13;  being	&#13;  advisors	&#13;  themselves.	&#13;  And	&#13;  sometimes	&#13;  I	&#13;  know	&#13;  about	&#13;  
that	&#13;  and	&#13;  sometimes	&#13;  I	&#13;  learn	&#13;  about	&#13;  it	&#13;  later.	&#13;  You	&#13;  know,	&#13;  sometimes	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  staff	&#13;  or	&#13;  
faculty	&#13;  who	&#13;  have	&#13;  been	&#13;  helping	&#13;  students	&#13;  get	&#13;  to	&#13;  church	&#13;  for	&#13;  years	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  don't	&#13;  find	&#13;  out	&#13;  
about	&#13;  it	&#13;  until	&#13;  a	&#13;  casual	&#13;  conversation.	&#13;  So,	&#13;  yeah	&#13;  some	&#13;  of	&#13;  it's	&#13;  formalized	&#13;  and	&#13;  some	&#13;  of	&#13;  it's	&#13;  
very	&#13;  much	&#13;  about	&#13;  some	&#13;  of	&#13;  our	&#13;  staff	&#13;  and	&#13;  faculty	&#13;  just	&#13;  making	&#13;  connections	&#13;  and	&#13;  finding	&#13;  
out	&#13;  a	&#13;  way	&#13;  that	&#13;  they	&#13;  can	&#13;  help	&#13;  students	&#13;  get	&#13;  connected.	&#13;  And	&#13;  every	&#13;  once	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  while	&#13;  
there's	&#13;  a	&#13;  collaboration	&#13;  that's	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  less	&#13;  expected	&#13;  so,	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  trying	&#13;  to	&#13;  think	&#13;  of	&#13;  one	&#13;  but,	&#13;  
you	&#13;  know	&#13;  there	&#13;  have	&#13;  been	&#13;  partnerships	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  Tang	&#13;  Teaching	&#13;  Museum,	&#13;  and	&#13;  there	&#13;  
have	&#13;  been	&#13;  partnerships	&#13;  with	&#13;  different	&#13;  academic	&#13;  departments,	&#13;  we've	&#13;  worked	&#13;  with	&#13;  
somebody,	&#13;  actually	&#13;  from	&#13;  Documentary	&#13;  Studies	&#13;  Adam	&#13;  Tinkle,	&#13;  and	&#13;  he	&#13;  does	&#13;  work	&#13;  with	&#13;  
sound	&#13;  and	&#13;  we	&#13;  do	&#13;  work	&#13;  with	&#13;  sound	&#13;  healing	&#13;  and	&#13;  things	&#13;  and	&#13;  so	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  some	&#13;  neat	&#13;  
overlaps	&#13;  of	&#13;  some	&#13;  of	&#13;  that	&#13;  work.	&#13;  And	&#13;  I	&#13;  like	&#13;  to	&#13;  keep	&#13;  a	&#13;  sort	&#13;  of	&#13;  somewhat	&#13;  secret	&#13;  entirely	&#13;  
unofficial	&#13;  list	&#13;  of	&#13;  staff	&#13;  and	&#13;  faculty	&#13;  who	&#13;  have	&#13;  expressed	&#13;  to	&#13;  me	&#13;  that	&#13;  they're	&#13;  willing	&#13;  to	&#13;  be	&#13;  
called	&#13;  upon	&#13;  for	&#13;  certain	&#13;  things.	&#13;  So	&#13;  if	&#13;  there's	&#13;  a	&#13;  student	&#13;  who's	&#13;  coming	&#13;  to	&#13;  me	&#13;  with	&#13;  
concerns,	&#13;  especially	&#13;  if	&#13;  they're	&#13;  from	&#13;  a	&#13;  tradition	&#13;  that's	&#13;  not	&#13;  well	&#13;  represented	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  area,	&#13;  which	&#13;  is	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  them,	&#13;  I	&#13;  try	&#13;  and	&#13;  keep	&#13;  a	&#13;  list	&#13;  of	&#13;  which	&#13;  staff	&#13;  and	&#13;  faculty	&#13;  I	&#13;  
might	&#13;  be	&#13;  able	&#13;  to	&#13;  point	&#13;  them	&#13;  towards.	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
[00:24:27.000]	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
ABS:	&#13;  Very	&#13;  cool.	&#13;  So,	&#13;  you	&#13;  just	&#13;  said	&#13;  that	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  students	&#13;  whose	&#13;  faiths	&#13;  might	&#13;  
not	&#13;  be	&#13;  represented	&#13;  in	&#13;  this	&#13;  area,	&#13;  but	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  wondering	&#13;  if	&#13;  you	&#13;  can	&#13;  talk	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  bit	&#13;  about	&#13;  
what	&#13;  connections	&#13;  have	&#13;  been	&#13;  made	&#13;  to	&#13;  groups	&#13;  in	&#13;  this	&#13;  area	&#13;  and	&#13;  Skidmore,	&#13;  and	&#13;  if	&#13;  you've	&#13;  
seen	&#13;  a	&#13;  change	&#13;  in	&#13;  that?	&#13;  Either	&#13;  from	&#13;  when	&#13;  you	&#13;  were	&#13;  here	&#13;  growing	&#13;  up	&#13;  or	&#13;  from	&#13;  being	&#13;  
here	&#13;  for	&#13;  three	&#13;  years	&#13;  and	&#13;  working	&#13;  in	&#13;  this	&#13;  position,	&#13;  and	&#13;  or	&#13;  if	&#13;  you	&#13;  have	&#13;  a	&#13;  vision	&#13;  for	&#13;  that	&#13;  
going	&#13;  forward,	&#13;  in	&#13;  terms	&#13;  of	&#13;  where	&#13;  you	&#13;  want	&#13;  those	&#13;  relationships	&#13;  to	&#13;  be	&#13;  or	&#13;  go.	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
PD:	&#13;  Sure,	&#13;  um,	&#13;  hm.	&#13;  How	&#13;  to	&#13;  start.	&#13;  There	&#13;  are	&#13;  some	&#13;  formal	&#13;  connections,	&#13;  so	&#13;  the	&#13;  local	&#13;  
reform	&#13;  synagogue	&#13;  Temple	&#13;  Sinai,	&#13;  their,	&#13;  one	&#13;  of	&#13;  their	&#13;  co-­‐rabbi's	&#13;  Linda	&#13;  Motzkin	&#13;  does	&#13;  
have	&#13;  an	&#13;  official	&#13;  role	&#13;  with	&#13;  us	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  High	&#13;  Holy	&#13;  Days	&#13;  chaplain.	&#13;  Before	&#13;  that	&#13;  she	&#13;  worked	&#13;  
even	&#13;  more	&#13;  frequently,	&#13;  or	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  more	&#13;  permanent,	&#13;  not	&#13;  that's	&#13;  not	&#13;  right,	&#13;  a	&#13;  more-­‐-­‐she	&#13;  had	&#13;  
a	&#13;  larger	&#13;  role	&#13;  at	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  previously,	&#13;  in	&#13;  terms	&#13;  of	&#13;  Jewish	&#13;  student	&#13;  life.	&#13;  And	&#13;  stepped	&#13;  
back	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  from	&#13;  that	&#13;  but	&#13;  we're	&#13;  very	&#13;  thankful	&#13;  she	&#13;  stayed	&#13;  on	&#13;  to	&#13;  work	&#13;  with	&#13;  us	&#13;  during	&#13;  
high	&#13;  holy	&#13;  days.	&#13;  And	&#13;  part	&#13;  of	&#13;  that	&#13;  is	&#13;  that	&#13;  that	&#13;  congregation	&#13;  is	&#13;  able	&#13;  to	&#13;  use	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  
Campus	&#13;  spaces	&#13;  for	&#13;  High	&#13;  Holy	&#13;  Day	&#13;  services	&#13;  where	&#13;  the	&#13;  numbers	&#13;  would	&#13;  be	&#13;  too	&#13;  much	&#13;  
for	&#13;  their	&#13;  space.	&#13;  And	&#13;  it	&#13;  gives	&#13;  our	&#13;  students	&#13;  the	&#13;  gift	&#13;  of	&#13;  being	&#13;  able	&#13;  to	&#13;  attend	&#13;  services	&#13;  
both	&#13;  on	&#13;  their	&#13;  campus	&#13;  and	&#13;  with	&#13;  a	&#13;  multi-­‐generational	&#13;  faith	&#13;  community.	&#13;  Which	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  

�is	&#13;  really	&#13;  wonderful.	&#13;  So	&#13;  that's	&#13;  been	&#13;  going	&#13;  on	&#13;  for	&#13;  years	&#13;  and	&#13;  years	&#13;  and	&#13;  years.	&#13;  The	&#13;  other	&#13;  
connections	&#13;  are	&#13;  primarily	&#13;  unofficial.	&#13;  Although,	&#13;  also	&#13;  within	&#13;  the	&#13;  Jewish	&#13;  community	&#13;  
the	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Chabad	&#13;  works	&#13;  with	&#13;  my	&#13;  office	&#13;  to	&#13;  come	&#13;  onto	&#13;  campus	&#13;  and	&#13;  do	&#13;  table	&#13;  
outreach	&#13;  basically,	&#13;  and	&#13;  also	&#13;  working	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  Jewish	&#13;  student	&#13;  community	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  bit.	&#13;  
And	&#13;  then	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  churches	&#13;  that	&#13;  are	&#13;  more	&#13;  likely	&#13;  to	&#13;  attract	&#13;  some	&#13;  of	&#13;  our	&#13;  students.	&#13;  So	&#13;  
for	&#13;  instance	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  students	&#13;  involved	&#13;  in	&#13;  Christian	&#13;  Fellowship,	&#13;  or	&#13;  at	&#13;  least	&#13;  a	&#13;  
decent	&#13;  sized	&#13;  group	&#13;  of	&#13;  them	&#13;  will	&#13;  carpool	&#13;  all	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  same	&#13;  church	&#13;  on	&#13;  Sunday	&#13;  mornings.	&#13;  
And	&#13;  that's	&#13;  not	&#13;  an	&#13;  official	&#13;  partnership	&#13;  in	&#13;  any	&#13;  way	&#13;  it's	&#13;  just	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  bit	&#13;  of	&#13;  word	&#13;  of	&#13;  mouth	&#13;  
and	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  bit	&#13;  of	&#13;  common	&#13;  traditions	&#13;  and	&#13;  so	&#13;  that	&#13;  happens.	&#13;  With	&#13;  the	&#13;  Catholic	&#13;  churches	&#13;  
there	&#13;  are	&#13;  two	&#13;  parishes	&#13;  in	&#13;  town	&#13;  and	&#13;  I've	&#13;  invited	&#13;  priests	&#13;  and	&#13;  deacons	&#13;  from	&#13;  both	&#13;  of	&#13;  
them	&#13;  to	&#13;  come	&#13;  and	&#13;  do	&#13;  services	&#13;  on	&#13;  campus	&#13;  and	&#13;  so	&#13;  that'll	&#13;  be	&#13;  a	&#13;  wonderful	&#13;  way	&#13;  of	&#13;  
making	&#13;  that	&#13;  connection	&#13;  happen.	&#13;  But,	&#13;  students	&#13;  can	&#13;  also	&#13;  just	&#13;  go	&#13;  wherever	&#13;  they'd	&#13;  like.	&#13;  
And	&#13;  so,	&#13;  similarly	&#13;  to	&#13;  some	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  staff	&#13;  connections	&#13;  I	&#13;  don't	&#13;  know	&#13;  sometimes	&#13;  when	&#13;  
students	&#13;  are	&#13;  attending	&#13;  services	&#13;  in	&#13;  town.	&#13;  I	&#13;  like	&#13;  to	&#13;  try	&#13;  and	&#13;  find	&#13;  out	&#13;  so	&#13;  that	&#13;  if	&#13;  other	&#13;  
students	&#13;  are	&#13;  looking	&#13;  for	&#13;  someone	&#13;  to	&#13;  go	&#13;  with	&#13;  I	&#13;  can	&#13;  make	&#13;  some	&#13;  introductions.	&#13;  And	&#13;  I	&#13;  
think	&#13;  that's	&#13;  generally	&#13;  the	&#13;  same	&#13;  as	&#13;  when	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  growing	&#13;  up,	&#13;  though	&#13;  I	&#13;  certainly	&#13;  wasn't	&#13;  
aware	&#13;  of	&#13;  religious	&#13;  life	&#13;  at	&#13;  colleges.	&#13;  It	&#13;  wasn't	&#13;  something	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  thinking	&#13;  of	&#13;  much	&#13;  
except	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  knew	&#13;  the	&#13;  chaplain	&#13;  here	&#13;  when	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  younger.	&#13;  And	&#13;  in	&#13;  terms	&#13;  of	&#13;  what	&#13;  I	&#13;  
want	&#13;  to	&#13;  see,	&#13;  hyper-­‐locally	&#13;  like	&#13;  right	&#13;  in	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs,	&#13;  I	&#13;  do	&#13;  want	&#13;  to	&#13;  get	&#13;  to	&#13;  know	&#13;  
more	&#13;  and	&#13;  more	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  communities	&#13;  and	&#13;  the	&#13;  leaders.	&#13;  A	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  them	&#13;  will	&#13;  contact	&#13;  me	&#13;  
about	&#13;  events	&#13;  and	&#13;  I'll	&#13;  try	&#13;  and	&#13;  promote	&#13;  those,	&#13;  but	&#13;  there's	&#13;  also	&#13;  a,	&#13;  I	&#13;  have	&#13;  the	&#13;  sense	&#13;  of,	&#13;  
I'm	&#13;  also	&#13;  feeling	&#13;  a	&#13;  protection	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  campus?	&#13;  That	&#13;  there	&#13;  are,	&#13;  unfortunately,	&#13;  always	&#13;  
going	&#13;  to	&#13;  be	&#13;  religious	&#13;  groups	&#13;  that	&#13;  aren't-­‐-­‐that	&#13;  don't	&#13;  necessarily	&#13;  have	&#13;  our	&#13;  students	&#13;  
best	&#13;  interest	&#13;  in	&#13;  mind	&#13;  or	&#13;  that	&#13;  bring	&#13;  a	&#13;  style	&#13;  of	&#13;  communication	&#13;  that	&#13;  is	&#13;  aggressive	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  
way	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  don't	&#13;  think	&#13;  a	&#13;  majority	&#13;  of	&#13;  our	&#13;  students	&#13;  would	&#13;  like.	&#13;  And	&#13;  so	&#13;  because	&#13;  of	&#13;  that,	&#13;  
I've	&#13;  been	&#13;  hesitant	&#13;  to	&#13;  just	&#13;  put	&#13;  out	&#13;  a	&#13;  blanket	&#13;  invitation	&#13;  to	&#13;  religious	&#13;  groups	&#13;  to	&#13;  come	&#13;  to	&#13;  
campus.	&#13;  I	&#13;  usually	&#13;  wait	&#13;  for	&#13;  students	&#13;  to	&#13;  express	&#13;  an	&#13;  interest	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  particular	&#13;  community	&#13;  
and	&#13;  then	&#13;  I	&#13;  will	&#13;  reach	&#13;  out.	&#13;  So	&#13;  for	&#13;  instance	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  local	&#13;  Quaker	&#13;  community.	&#13;  You	&#13;  
know	&#13;  they	&#13;  come	&#13;  onto	&#13;  campus	&#13;  but	&#13;  because	&#13;  there's	&#13;  a	&#13;  student	&#13;  interest.	&#13;  So	&#13;  I	&#13;  would	&#13;  like	&#13;  
there	&#13;  to	&#13;  be	&#13;  connections.	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  especially	&#13;  there's	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  potential	&#13;  within	&#13;  the	&#13;  
volunteer	&#13;  work	&#13;  and	&#13;  social	&#13;  justice	&#13;  side	&#13;  of	&#13;  things.	&#13;  A	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  our	&#13;  local	&#13;  religious	&#13;  
communities	&#13;  are	&#13;  on	&#13;  the	&#13;  front	&#13;  lines	&#13;  of	&#13;  working	&#13;  with	&#13;  immigrants	&#13;  and	&#13;  refugees	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  
area.	&#13;  They're	&#13;  the	&#13;  ones	&#13;  that	&#13;  make	&#13;  sure	&#13;  that	&#13;  the	&#13;  soup	&#13;  kitchen	&#13;  is	&#13;  staffed	&#13;  and	&#13;  that	&#13;  there	&#13;  
are,	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  them	&#13;  are	&#13;  volunteers	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  homeless	&#13;  shelters	&#13;  and	&#13;  so	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  
ways	&#13;  there	&#13;  to	&#13;  strengthen	&#13;  already	&#13;  existing	&#13;  partnerships.	&#13;  We	&#13;  do	&#13;  have	&#13;  students	&#13;  
already	&#13;  who	&#13;  volunteer	&#13;  with	&#13;  all	&#13;  of	&#13;  those	&#13;  programs.	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  we	&#13;  could	&#13;  do	&#13;  it	&#13;  more	&#13;  and	&#13;  
we	&#13;  could	&#13;  do	&#13;  it	&#13;  more	&#13;  specifically	&#13;  with	&#13;  our	&#13;  religious	&#13;  students.	&#13;  And	&#13;  then	&#13;  beyond	&#13;  that,	&#13;  
beyond	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  we've	&#13;  had	&#13;  a	&#13;  good	&#13;  experience	&#13;  getting	&#13;  students	&#13;  to	&#13;  one	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  
mosques	&#13;  for	&#13;  some	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Eids.	&#13;  Or,	&#13;  we	&#13;  partnered	&#13;  with	&#13;  one	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  mosques	&#13;  on	&#13;  a	&#13;  
service	&#13;  project.	&#13;  And	&#13;  that's	&#13;  been	&#13;  wonderful	&#13;  because	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  plenty	&#13;  of	&#13;  colleges	&#13;  and	&#13;  
universities	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  capital	&#13;  district.	&#13;  And	&#13;  Skidmore's	&#13;  small	&#13;  little	&#13;  group	&#13;  of	&#13;  students	&#13;  is	&#13;  
not	&#13;  going	&#13;  to	&#13;  be	&#13;  their	&#13;  biggest	&#13;  population	&#13;  of	&#13;  young	&#13;  adult	&#13;  outreach,	&#13;  but	&#13;  it's	&#13;  been	&#13;  nice	&#13;  to	&#13;  
still	&#13;  make	&#13;  those	&#13;  connections	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  want	&#13;  to	&#13;  strengthen	&#13;  that	&#13;  as	&#13;  well.	&#13;  Yeah	&#13;  it's	&#13;  
interesting	&#13;  because	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  religious	&#13;  communities,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  speaking	&#13;  primarily	&#13;  out	&#13;  of	&#13;  
the	&#13;  Christian	&#13;  context	&#13;  but	&#13;  I	&#13;  know	&#13;  that	&#13;  it's	&#13;  not	&#13;  that	&#13;  different	&#13;  in	&#13;  other	&#13;  contexts.	&#13;  A	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  
religious	&#13;  communities	&#13;  are	&#13;  feeling	&#13;  a	&#13;  need	&#13;  to	&#13;  hold	&#13;  onto	&#13;  young	&#13;  adults	&#13;  with	&#13;  all	&#13;  of	&#13;  their	&#13;  

�might,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I've	&#13;  been	&#13;  on	&#13;  the	&#13;  leadership	&#13;  of	&#13;  communities	&#13;  that	&#13;  do	&#13;  this	&#13;  where	&#13;  we,	&#13;  we	&#13;  see	&#13;  
young	&#13;  adults	&#13;  and	&#13;  we	&#13;  see	&#13;  numbers.	&#13;  We	&#13;  see	&#13;  people	&#13;  to	&#13;  keep	&#13;  our	&#13;  traditions	&#13;  going.	&#13;  And	&#13;  
it's	&#13;  very	&#13;  self-­‐-­‐it's	&#13;  very	&#13;  much	&#13;  about	&#13;  us	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  religious	&#13;  community	&#13;  wanting	&#13;  to	&#13;  not	&#13;  die	&#13;  
out,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  want	&#13;  to	&#13;  help	&#13;  my	&#13;  own	&#13;  church	&#13;  but	&#13;  also	&#13;  all	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  religious	&#13;  communities	&#13;  in	&#13;  
town	&#13;  approach	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  students	&#13;  with	&#13;  a	&#13;  much	&#13;  more	&#13;  giving,	&#13;  a	&#13;  much	&#13;  more	&#13;  outward	&#13;  
looking	&#13;  purpose.	&#13;  That	&#13;  this	&#13;  is	&#13;  not	&#13;  about	&#13;  whether	&#13;  or	&#13;  not	&#13;  we	&#13;  get	&#13;  to	&#13;  say,	&#13;  "hey	&#13;  we've	&#13;  got	&#13;  
seven	&#13;  college	&#13;  students	&#13;  on	&#13;  our	&#13;  lists,	&#13;  we're	&#13;  not	&#13;  gonna	&#13;  die	&#13;  out,"	&#13;  or	&#13;  "we're	&#13;  really	&#13;  cool	&#13;  
with	&#13;  the	&#13;  young	&#13;  people,"	&#13;  but	&#13;  more	&#13;  that	&#13;  isn't	&#13;  it	&#13;  great	&#13;  that	&#13;  these	&#13;  one	&#13;  student	&#13;  or	&#13;  these	&#13;  
two	&#13;  students	&#13;  are	&#13;  being	&#13;  fed	&#13;  by	&#13;  this	&#13;  ministry.	&#13;  So	&#13;  that's	&#13;  something	&#13;  I'd	&#13;  like	&#13;  to	&#13;  see	&#13;  
happen.	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
[00:31:33.793]	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
ABS:	&#13;  Thank	&#13;  you	&#13;  for	&#13;  sharing.	&#13;  That's	&#13;  all	&#13;  the	&#13;  questions	&#13;  I	&#13;  have	&#13;  but	&#13;  if	&#13;  there's	&#13;  anything	&#13;  
you	&#13;  want	&#13;  to	&#13;  add	&#13;  that	&#13;  you	&#13;  felt	&#13;  like	&#13;  didn't	&#13;  get	&#13;  in	&#13;  there?	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
PD:	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  one	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  things	&#13;  I'd	&#13;  like	&#13;  to	&#13;  see	&#13;  both	&#13;  on	&#13;  campus	&#13;  and	&#13;  in	&#13;  Saratoga,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  
think	&#13;  there	&#13;  are	&#13;  ways	&#13;  to	&#13;  maybe	&#13;  make	&#13;  it	&#13;  happen	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  campus	&#13;  community	&#13;  partnership,	&#13;  
is	&#13;  more	&#13;  engagement	&#13;  across	&#13;  ideological	&#13;  lines	&#13;  of	&#13;  religious	&#13;  communities.	&#13;  For	&#13;  example	&#13;  
you	&#13;  show	&#13;  up	&#13;  to	&#13;  certain	&#13;  meetings	&#13;  in	&#13;  town	&#13;  of	&#13;  religious	&#13;  leaders	&#13;  working	&#13;  on	&#13;  a	&#13;  particular	&#13;  
issue	&#13;  and	&#13;  you	&#13;  can	&#13;  sort	&#13;  of	&#13;  predict	&#13;  who's	&#13;  going	&#13;  to	&#13;  be	&#13;  there.	&#13;  And	&#13;  it's	&#13;  not	&#13;  that	&#13;  they're	&#13;  all	&#13;  
the	&#13;  same	&#13;  religion	&#13;  it's	&#13;  that	&#13;  you're	&#13;  pretty	&#13;  sure	&#13;  they're	&#13;  all	&#13;  the	&#13;  same	&#13;  politics,	&#13;  or	&#13;  they're	&#13;  
all	&#13;  the	&#13;  same,	&#13;  you	&#13;  know	&#13;  social	&#13;  views	&#13;  on	&#13;  different	&#13;  issues.	&#13;  And	&#13;  so	&#13;  one	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  things	&#13;  
that's	&#13;  great	&#13;  right	&#13;  now	&#13;  that's	&#13;  happening	&#13;  is	&#13;  two	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  churches-­‐-­‐so	&#13;  the	&#13;  church	&#13;  where	&#13;  
the	&#13;  freeze	&#13;  shelter	&#13;  is	&#13;  hosted	&#13;  where	&#13;  Code	&#13;  Blue	&#13;  is	&#13;  hosted,	&#13;  Soul	&#13;  Saving	&#13;  Station,	&#13;  is	&#13;  very	&#13;  
different	&#13;  from	&#13;  the	&#13;  church	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  attend,	&#13;  but	&#13;  the	&#13;  church	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  attend	&#13;  is	&#13;  also	&#13;  helping	&#13;  
out	&#13;  Code	&#13;  Blue	&#13;  with	&#13;  some	&#13;  office	&#13;  space	&#13;  and	&#13;  some	&#13;  overflow	&#13;  space	&#13;  and	&#13;  housing	&#13;  people	&#13;  
when	&#13;  Soul	&#13;  Saving	&#13;  Station	&#13;  doesn't	&#13;  have	&#13;  enough	&#13;  room.	&#13;  And	&#13;  those	&#13;  two	&#13;  churches	&#13;  could	&#13;  
not	&#13;  be	&#13;  more	&#13;  different	&#13;  ideologically	&#13;  or	&#13;  theologically	&#13;  and	&#13;  still	&#13;  both	&#13;  be	&#13;  called	&#13;  Christian.	&#13;  
But	&#13;  they	&#13;  are	&#13;  [laughs],	&#13;  and	&#13;  they're	&#13;  both	&#13;  doing	&#13;  this.	&#13;  And	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  that	&#13;  kind	&#13;  of	&#13;  
partnership,	&#13;  and	&#13;  that	&#13;  kind	&#13;  of	&#13;  getting	&#13;  to	&#13;  know	&#13;  each	&#13;  other	&#13;  could	&#13;  be	&#13;  happening	&#13;  more	&#13;  at	&#13;  
Skidmore	&#13;  as	&#13;  well	&#13;  and	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  town	&#13;  as	&#13;  well,	&#13;  so	&#13;  that	&#13;  we're	&#13;  expanding	&#13;  what	&#13;  it	&#13;  means	&#13;  to	&#13;  
be	&#13;  religious	&#13;  for	&#13;  people	&#13;  who	&#13;  have	&#13;  doubts	&#13;  about	&#13;  their	&#13;  opinions	&#13;  on	&#13;  what	&#13;  it	&#13;  is	&#13;  to	&#13;  be	&#13;  
religious.	&#13;  Maybe	&#13;  not	&#13;  doubts	&#13;  about	&#13;  their	&#13;  opinions,	&#13;  doubts	&#13;  about	&#13;  people	&#13;  who	&#13;  are	&#13;  
religious,	&#13;  or	&#13;  doubts	&#13;  about	&#13;  people	&#13;  who	&#13;  are	&#13;  religious	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  way	&#13;  that	&#13;  is	&#13;  different	&#13;  from	&#13;  
them.	&#13;  So	&#13;  not	&#13;  necessarily	&#13;  interfaith	&#13;  cooperation	&#13;  but	&#13;  even	&#13;  within	&#13;  a	&#13;  tradition	&#13;  across	&#13;  
ideological	&#13;  bounds.	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
[00:33:45.570]	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
ABS:	&#13;  Well,	&#13;  I	&#13;  wish	&#13;  you	&#13;  luck	&#13;  in	&#13;  this	&#13;  office	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  

�PD:	&#13;  Thank	&#13;  you	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
ABS:	&#13;  And	&#13;  all	&#13;  of	&#13;  your	&#13;  goals	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
PD:	&#13;  Thank	&#13;  you	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
ABS:	&#13;  Thank	&#13;  you	&#13;  so	&#13;  much	&#13;  for	&#13;  being	&#13;  part	&#13;  of	&#13;  this	&#13;  interview,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  not	&#13;  sure	&#13;  when	&#13;  it	&#13;  
will	&#13;  go	&#13;  up	&#13;  but	&#13;  I	&#13;  will	&#13;  email	&#13;  you	&#13;  the	&#13;  link	&#13;  when	&#13;  it	&#13;  does.	&#13;  	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
	&#13;  

�</text>
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                  <text>Oral History</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Many people who have worked or studied at Skidmore College or lived in Saratoga Springs or the surrounding area carry the memories that help us tell the stories of our communities. &#13;
&#13;
This collection offers a glimpse into our past in the voices of those who have shared their stories.</text>
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          <name>Interviewer</name>
          <description>The person(s) performing the interview</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="7225">
              <text>Ari Bogom-Shanon</text>
            </elementText>
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        <element elementId="3">
          <name>Interviewee</name>
          <description>The person(s) being interviewed</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="7226">
              <text>Parker Diggory</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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          <name>Location</name>
          <description>The location of the interview</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Parker's office in Case Center. </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="7228">
              <text>Audio</text>
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          <name>Record Contributor</name>
          <description>Individual who prepared the item and/or edited it.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="7229">
              <text>Ari Bogom-Shanon</text>
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          <name>Record Creation Date</name>
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              <text>06/03/2018</text>
            </elementText>
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          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="7267">
              <text>Ari Bogom-Shanon: Ok, if you wouldn't mind just stating your name? &#13;
&#13;
Parker Diggory: My name is Parker Diggory. &#13;
&#13;
ABS: And your title. &#13;
&#13;
PD: I'm the director of Religious and Spiritual Life at Skidmore College. &#13;
&#13;
ABS: Great, thank you. So we're here on February 16th in Parker's office at Skidmore. So I'd like to just start off by asking about your connection to Skidmore College and where that started and what you do here now.  &#13;
&#13;
PD: Sure, so my connection to Skidmore college is really life long, both of my parents taught here, my father taught here for I don't know, three decades or more, and so I knew the campus from my earliest memories. I went to summer camp here one summer, I had one of my first jobs here when the Tang opened, working there. Yeah so I've been connected to the community in a number of ways, coming to performances, things like that. I took classes here while I was in high school as a special student, and then when I left for college and grad school and all of that I didn't have much of a connection to the campus for about fifteen years I would say. And then, just three years ago I came back to take on this position, at first part time and then full time, and now like I said I'm the director of Religious and Spiritual Life and that means that I work with other offices in Campus Life and Engagement and in Student Affairs to support the students primarily but really the whole campus in their religious life, in their search for spiritual connection, in their growing awareness of religion in general in the world.  &#13;
&#13;
 &#13;
&#13;
ABS: Great, thank you. That's a bit about your connection to Skidmore, now I'm wondering if you can talk a bit about your connection to Saratoga, focusing on faith-based communities or if there's like a faith-based journey that brought you to this particular position here.  &#13;
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PD: Sure, so, again born and raised in Saratoga Springs. Um, went to public schools here and grew up in the same church that I'm actually attending now, which is the Presbyterian New England Congregational Church on Circular Street in Saratoga. And, it wasn't a very, hm, all-encompassing kind of church life, where everything you do and everything your family does is sort of, is connected to that community, but it was certainly very big in my life. We went to church a lot of Sundays, at least during the school year. We did volunteer work with them. That's where I went to youth group and went on trips and so that really was my forming—my formational community in a lot of ways. It's where a lot of my strongest friendships developed, in terms of you know when I was a teenager, the people who I still speak to now as an adult from my childhood a lot of them are people I knew through church. And then also that meant that other--that's how I got to know some other religious communities. There were some interfaith things that happen or ecumenical things. That's how I got to know the rabbis at Temple Sinai, because our congregation would do things together, or, you know there was usually a Thanksgiving kind of multi-faith prayer and just event, community event, that would happen and there would be different religious communities represented there. Yeah so that, and they, the church that I was raised in, like I said it's Presbyterian and Congregational which are two denominations and I personally am part of the Presbyterian denomination and that eventually became a path for me in terms of my professional development in that I went to seminary and I am in a sort of long, scenic route towards ordination in that church.  &#13;
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ABS: You talked a little about coming back to the same church community when you came back I was wondering if you could expand on what it was like to come back to this community fifteen years later.  &#13;
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PD: Wow, yeah, in many ways it was just wonderful to be able to come back to my home church community that it's, even while I was gone I would come back for holidays, or if I just happened to be in town over a weekend I would go to church. The congregation helped support part of my education, you know, this was who I kept in touch with so, in some ways I had never completely left. But, I would say, I guess if there was anything challenging about it, it was that I had grown in my faith journey in ways that I was a little worried wouldn't fit in to my home church. That, our church is known for a really broad diversity of theological beliefs and, I just, I didn't have the beliefs as I when I was younger which it to be expected but I just wanted to make sure that I was still gonna fit in and they, they're so accepting of so many beliefs that I knew intellectually that that would be fine, but there's still that nervousness of, if I don't feel like this is my home church now, like what would I even do, because it's where my parents go. I'm connected to so many families there, if I all of a sudden started going to say the Methodist Church or the Episcopalian Church like people would have questions. And, I never seriously considered not going, but there were times where I thought, if I had moved to this town as an adult and had never gone to any of the churches in town, is this the congregation I would end up. And I honestly don't know. I think it would be, just because it's unique in a lot of ways in this town and has a lot things I look for, but it was an interesting question to think about. And in other ways it's just been good to get back and to church life and, you know, I ended up being nominated for the board of the church and church leadership so it's a very different role than I had before, where I'd still get treated a little bit as one of the kids of the church but I'm, I'm treated as an adult and as a leader and with expectations and responsibilities which are different, which I value. &#13;
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ABS: Thanks for sharing. So I think this is maybe a little of a transition into Skidmore and what that role is like but I'm wondering, for you coming to Saratoga was really coming home to you community and you talked about how we practice [sic] is so much bound up with how we grew up and what communities we grew up in, and for a lot of people coming to Skidmore they're leaving their home communities. So I'm wondering if you thought at all about that kind of relationship of working with a bunch of students here who are leaving their home communities and for you it's coming back to your community and if that influences your role here. &#13;
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PD: Mhm. Sure, I think it does. I think one would be I try and use the fact that I do know this community really well, this Saratoga community as a way to connect students not just by which denomination they're looking for or you know, the name of the tradition they're looking for, but sort of getting to know the personality of the student and the personality of the congregation, and being able to say, you know, I think you're really gonna like this leader, or, you know, there are some folks who go to this particular service that are looking at the same questions that you're asking. And so, part of it is that, and I don't think it's necessary to do my role to have that sort of historical knowledge, but I've certainly tried to use it that way. And then the other bit is that I have to rely on my own college experience where I wasn't in Saratoga Springs, to relate a little bit more to what the students are coming in with. So, I went to college in Middlebury, Vermont, and, you know, they don't have a Presbyterian church there and so I found the next best thing for me which was actually a Congregational Church, and I looked up the worship times and I went. I was one of the only students who did, sometimes my sister came, she was at the same school, and that was it. And I realized only, you know, months later who else at the school might have some of my similar religious beliefs. That I didn't, I didn't find my kind of on campus religious community in some ways ever, but even a small part of it I didn't find for a while. And so I try and hold on to that experience and fill in some of the blanks I wish had been filled in for me, as somebody who didn't really know the landscape. What are some other ways that influences things [pause]. I think part of it is trying to ease the transition for students not just in the immediate religious sense. Right, I can reserve prayer rooms, I can hold services, I can bring in leaders and what-not, but there are home-y trappings of a lot of people's religious lives that I'm not gonna be able to completely replicate but I can try and offer or connect to or get a taxi to or something. So that's part of it to is just thinking about what--and asking the students--what feels like home to you. Because sometimes when they're asking me for support or for access to a community, you know they're using category names and they're using tradition names. But I remember, I was studying abroad, I did a gap semester after high school and I was in Jamaica, and I went church with my host family, but sometimes I would go to a church that was a little more like the one I grew up in. And I walked in and they had the same exact brass cross on the altar, and I almost cried. And, it's that kind of thing that I know that will help students, and it might just take a while to figure out what that is. To find that familiarity. So I'm not sure if that answers the--your questions. &#13;
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ABS: Yeah, definitely, wow. Yeah it is almost that search for home that students come in looking for.  &#13;
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PD: Mhm. &#13;
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ABS: Ok, so you've been here three years? &#13;
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PD: Something like that. &#13;
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ABS: Something like that? Which is pretty recent. Can you talk a little bit about your first impressions of the religious community at Skidmore? &#13;
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PD: Hm. Well I admit that I had sort of made some assumptions based on my experience at a somewhat similar college and my knowledge of Skidmore. So, I probably didn't come in with a completely open mind in terms of, just, what's my first impression, you know completely blank slate kind of thing. It was more that I kind of assumed that it would be, not the most overtly religious campus, that it would be, um, you know that religions that are generally minorities in society would probably be a little more organized just by necessity, that we would have a lot of students who were maybe interested when they went home in still attending a service or connecting with a tradition. But at least while they were at college it didn't seem like a priority. And so that was true, those assumptions were proved pretty true. I think my impression was that it was very much, [pause], first word that comes to mind is underground, but that has some sort of like purposeful hiding that is only occasionally true. But that it was below the surface, how 'bout that, that the religious life at Skidmore was and still is to a great extent something that happens in a person to person sort of way, in a word of mouth sort of way. It's not the first thing you find out about somebody, it's not the majority of the events that are advertised. But when you scratch the surface it's there. And so part of my job is figuring out how much of that under-the-surface-ness is actually fine and desirable and what students and others kind of want and it's working really well and how much of it is happening simply because there isn't another way. Um, what else was I struck by. That's the first thing that comes to mind.  &#13;
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ABS: This is a bit more of just a practical question, but could you just talk a little bit about the different communities that are here, whether it's the more above-the-surface communities or any below-surface communities also? &#13;
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PD: Sure, so in terms of named groups we have: Hillel, which is a Jewish student organization, broad spectrum in terms of tradition. Because we don't have, not just because, but we don't have kosher offerings at Skidmore and that and other reasons mean that we don't have a full range of Jewish traditions represented but what does exist, the only organized group at the moment is Hillel for them. There's Christian Fellowship, Skidmore Christian Fellowship, which is a chapter of InterVarsity Christian Fellowship, which is a national and sometimes international thing, so is Hillel. And then we have a Newman club, which is for Catholic students. That has been from semester to semester more and less active. It's quite small, one of the primary functions is finding carpools to local Masses, so it's not one of the more active in terms of programming at the moment. Then when I first arrived, and still, we have Hayat, which is a cultural affinity group, not a religious affinity group. But it covers the Middle East and South East Asia and so they will do cultural events that are also religiously connected and things like Holi or a Lunar New Year's celebration sometimes, although there are also other groups who do those. Eid dinners for the Muslim community. So that also depends on who's in charge and who's interested in supporting an event, but they function in a lot of ways independently from my office and from the Office of Student Diversity Programming, but both of our offices do work with them. There's a Quaker group that is not an official club but they get together and through my office they advertise, they meet every other week and they advertise that through my office and I help make them connections with members of the local Quaker community. There are bible studies that are connected with Christian Fellowship but I think some of them are attended by folks who maybe aren't involved in the club more broadly but are interested in going to a bible study that maybe their friend is leading. There is a practicing Zen gathering that doesn't necessarily require you to be a Zen practitioner and to identify as a Zen Buddhist to attend, but there are certainly folks who attend who have been, who do identify that way, both from the community and the faculty and every once in a while some of our students as well. And then there are some students who will get together around a certain holiday or something like that. There were some Hindu students last semester who got together to go to a Temple for a particular holiday. And it was sort of under the auspices of my office, sort of under the auspices of Hayat. It will sort of be an ad hoc group for a specific purpose and then they sort of will dissolve again. I feel like I'm probably forgetting something huge right now. There are some other groups that include spirituality and spiritual connection as part of what they do and who they are, but they're less, I wouldn't call them affinity groups as much because they're going to have a much broader spectrum of beliefs within them and so, there's an inspirational choir called Rejoice, and for many of the folks there there's a spiritual component to what they're doing and what they're singing but they sing songs from many different traditions. There's a mindful movement club of students that do everything from learning modern dance movement techniques to yoga to, um, I think the circus club has done some things with them. So, again some of the folks there are regular yoga practitioners and for them that is part of a religious and or spiritual practice but it's not necessarily. And then there are the folks who come to the Skidmore mindfulness. So we have weekly meditations and yoga practices and reiki and things like that that students aren't required to or the rest of the community is not required to claim any particular tradition for nor are they likely to but they can, and many of them do express that this is a spiritual thing for them.  &#13;
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ABS: It's a pretty full list. &#13;
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PD: Yeah [laughs]. Oh! I knew I was gonna forget somebody. When I started talking about Hayat I said, you know when I got here Hayat was doing all of this and they still are, but in the past year there's also been a bigger push from some of the Muslim students to actually have a club that is expressly for Muslim students. And there's been interest in that since before I got here, but our students are so involved in so much that it takes students who aren't just interested in it but are interested in taking leadership in it. And so there are some students who have started the process of making an official club, which is fantastic. But if that doesn't happen or until that happens, our office just continues to work with some of the Muslim staff and faculty to support the Muslim students on campus.  &#13;
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ABS: Can you also just talk a little bit about how staff and faculty are present in your office, if they are, if they have a relationship to these student groups? &#13;
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PD: Sure, well I should mention my staff as well so, there are three professional staff and then a kind of rotating number of student staff. And that includes a coordinator for Jewish Student Life, Martina Zobel, and a coordinator for the Skidmore Mindfulness program Jennifer Schmid-Fareed. And the two of them work both with clubs and with students who's needs aren't being met by the clubs, or who just want to do things that expand the presence of religion or spirituality or interfaith on campus. And so, the three of us are the staff and we collaborate with a lot of other staff in terms of events.  I mentioned the Office of Student Diversity Programming. The director of that office and myself we oversee the Intercultural Center together. So we try and make sure that whenever there are programs that are more automatically assigned to one of our offices that we're thinking more broadly about how the work of our offices might overlap for those programs. We work with the student leadership offices and their staff because they support the clubs and events on campus and that's an obvious connection. So there are some that are quite obvious. The counseling center does stuff with the Mindfulness program, the religious studies department will have [sic] us promote some of our events and vice versa, so there are some obvious ones. And then beyond that, there are stu—er, sorry, there are staff and faculty that will attend some of our offerings. Most of the events that we do are open to staff and faculty, so they'll come to Shabbat dinner or they'll come to one of the meditations. This week we did an Ash Wednesday service and I'd say there were maybe thirty-six people there and two-thirds of them were students and the other third was probably staff and faculty. So they, there's a few. It's not a majority by any sense, it's not a large group, but there's a handful that do get involved that way just by attending and participating. And then there are some who get involved in really supporting the work of the communities and so, there are staff and faculty who don't just come to the events but will help with hiring new staff, finding new advisors, being advisors themselves. And sometimes I know about that and sometimes I learn about it later. You know, sometimes there are staff or faculty who have been helping students get to church for years and I don't find out about it until a casual conversation. So, yeah some of it's formalized and some of it's very much about some of our staff and faculty just making connections and finding out a way that they can help students get connected. And every once in a while there's a collaboration that's a little less expected so, I'm trying to think of one but, you know there have been partnerships with the Tang Teaching Museum, and there have been partnerships with different academic departments, we've worked with somebody, actually from Documentary Studies Adam Tinkle, and he does work with sound and we do work with sound healing and things and so there are some neat overlaps of some of that work. And I like to keep a sort of somewhat secret entirely unofficial list of staff and faculty who have expressed to me that they're willing to be called upon for certain things. So if there's a student who's coming to me with concerns, especially if they're from a tradition that's not well represented in the Saratoga area, which is a lot of them, I try and keep a list of which staff and faculty I might be able to point them towards.  &#13;
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[00:24:27.000] &#13;
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ABS: Very cool. So, you just said that there are a lot of students whose faiths might not be represented in this area, but I'm wondering if you can talk a little bit about what connections have been made to groups in this area and Skidmore, and if you've seen a change in that? Either from when you were here growing up or from being here for three years and working in this position, and or if you have a vision for that going forward, in terms of where you want those relationships to be or go. &#13;
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PD: Sure, um, hm. How to start. There are some formal connections, so the local reform synagogue Temple Sinai, their, one of their co-rabbi's Linda Motzkin does have an official role with us as a High Holy Days chaplain. Before that she worked even more frequently, or as a more permanent, not that's not right, a more--she had a larger role at Skidmore previously, in terms of Jewish student life. And stepped back a little from that but we're very thankful she stayed on to work with us during high holy days. And part of that is that that congregation is able to use Skidmore Campus spaces for High Holy Day services where the numbers would be too much for their space. And it gives our students the gift of being able to attend services both on their campus and with a multi-generational faith community. Which I think is really wonderful. So that's been going on for years and years and years. The other connections are primarily unofficial. Although, also within the Jewish community the Saratoga Chabad works with my office to come onto campus and do table outreach basically, and also working with the Jewish student community a little bit. And then there are churches that are more likely to attract some of our students. So for instance a lot of the students involved in Christian Fellowship, or at least a decent sized group of them will carpool all to the same church on Sunday mornings. And that's not an official partnership in any way it's just a little bit of word of mouth and a little bit of common traditions and so that happens. With the Catholic churches there are two parishes in town and I've invited priests and deacons from both of them to come and do services on campus and so that'll be a wonderful way of making that connection happen. But, students can also just go wherever they'd like. And so, similarly to some of the staff connections I don't know sometimes when students are attending services in town. I like to try and find out so that if other students are looking for someone to go with I can make some introductions. And I think that's generally the same as when I was growing up, though I certainly wasn't aware of religious life at colleges. It wasn't something that I was thinking of much except that I knew the chaplain here when I was younger. And in terms of what I want to see, hyper-locally like right in Saratoga Springs, I do want to get to know more and more of the communities and the leaders. A lot of them will contact me about events and I'll try and promote those, but there's also a, I have the sense of, I'm also feeling a protection of the campus? That there are, unfortunately, always going to be religious groups that aren't--that don't necessarily have our students best interest in mind or that bring a style of communication that is aggressive in a way that I don't think a majority of our students would like. And so because of that, I've been hesitant to just put out a blanket invitation to religious groups to come to campus. I usually wait for students to express an interest in a particular community and then I will reach out. So for instance with the local Quaker community. You know they come onto campus but because there's a student interest. So I would like there to be connections. I think especially there's a lot of potential within the volunteer work and social justice side of things. A lot of our local religious communities are on the front lines of working with immigrants and refugees in the area. They're the ones that make sure that the soup kitchen is staffed and that there are, a lot of them are volunteers at the homeless shelters and so I think there are ways there to strengthen already existing partnerships. We do have students already who volunteer with all of those programs. I think we could do it more and we could do it more specifically with our religious students. And then beyond that, beyond Saratoga Springs we've had a good experience getting students to one of the mosques for some of the Eids. Or, we partnered with one of the mosques on a service project. And that's been wonderful because there are plenty of colleges and universities in the capital district. And Skidmore's small little group of students is not going to be their biggest population of young adult outreach, but it's been nice to still make those connections and I want to strengthen that as well. Yeah it's interesting because a lot of religious communities, and I'm speaking primarily out of the Christian context but I know that it's not that different in other contexts. A lot of religious communities are feeling a need to hold onto young adults with all of their might, and I've been on the leadership of communities that do this where we, we see young adults and we see numbers. We see people to keep our traditions going. And it's very self--it's very much about us as a religious community wanting to not die out, and I want to help my own church but also all of the religious communities in town approach Skidmore students with a much more giving, a much more outward looking purpose. That this is not about whether or not we get to say, "hey we've got seven college students on our lists, we're not gonna die out," or "we're really cool with the young people," but more that isn't it great that these one student or these two students are being fed by this ministry. So that's something I'd like to see happen.  &#13;
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[00:31:33.793] &#13;
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ABS: Thank you for sharing. That's all the questions I have but if there's anything you want to add that you felt like didn't get in there? &#13;
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PD: I think one of the things I'd like to see both on campus and in Saratoga, and I think there are ways to maybe make it happen as a campus community partnership, is more engagement across ideological lines of religious communities. For example you show up to certain meetings in town of religious leaders working on a particular issue and you can sort of predict who's going to be there. And it's not that they're all the same religion it's that you're pretty sure they're all the same politics, or they're all the same, you know social views on different issues. And so one of the things that's great right now that's happening is two of the churches--so the church where the freeze shelter is hosted where Code Blue is hosted, Soul Saving Station, is very different from the church that I attend, but the church that I attend is also helping out Code Blue with some office space and some overflow space and housing people when Soul Saving Station doesn't have enough room. And those two churches could not be more different ideologically or theologically and still both be called Christian. But they are [laughs], and they're both doing this. And I think that kind of partnership, and that kind of getting to know each other could be happening more at Skidmore as well and in the town as well, so that we're expanding what it means to be religious for people who have doubts about their opinions on what it is to be religious. Maybe not doubts about their opinions, doubts about people who are religious, or doubts about people who are religious in a way that is different from them. So not necessarily interfaith cooperation but even within a tradition across ideological bounds.  &#13;
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[00:33:45.570] &#13;
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ABS: Well, I wish you luck in this office &#13;
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PD: Thank you &#13;
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ABS: And all of your goals &#13;
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PD: Thank you &#13;
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ABS: Thank you so much for being part of this interview, and I'm not sure when it will go up but I will email you the link when it does.  &#13;
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                    <text>JS: Hello, I am James Sutherland and um, I am doing the Saratoga Springs Memory Project
interview. Could you introduce yourself?
EM: Yes, I am Eric Morser, I am an associate professor of history at Skidmore College.
JS: Um, could you tell us a little about your background?
EM: Yeah, I am originally from Wisconsin, uh, I lived there for the first thirty three years of my
life, I went to the University of Wisconsin for my undergraduate degree, and liked it enough in
Madison Wisconsin that I stayed there for my masters and my PHD, so I was there for fifteen
years. Um, after that, I had a number of jobs around the country, I taught at a university in
Pennsylvania, I taught for two years at the University of New Mexico and three years at the
University of Florida, before coming up to Skidmore, and I have been at Skidmore now for about
nine years.
JS: So you came to Saratoga for Skidmore?
EM: Yes, yeah there was a job that was open, and it sounded like it was a good place, and I had
known some people who had taught here, and, uh, that is really what drew me here.
JS: Um, so what is one big memory, what is your favorite memory of Saratoga Springs?
EM: My favorite memory of Saratoga Springs is probably related to this little person here, uh, he
was born a few months after we moved here, and uh, I remember very clearly, I was teaching a
class- a night class on campus, I got a call from his mom saying "Can you come home, I need to
go to the hospital," and then he was born at 6:06 the next day on November 5, 2009, so that is
probably one of the clearest memories that I have.
JS: And, um, what about a memory from Skidmore?
EM: Uh, I think one of the best memories I've had from Skidmore is, right at- the year when I
came, there was something called the Coroda(?) lecture, and that's, it happens every two years,
it's hosted by the Poli-sci department, and Government, and American Studies, and each time
each department gets it they bring special speaker in. So, I think it was my first year, or my
second? I think it was my first year, where it was my job to bring the speaker in, and I was not
quite sure what to make of it, I had somebody in mind who turned out to be great, she came to
campus, she talked about early American history, she had just written a book about Thomas
Jefferson, and the women in his life, and it was that moment where I really felt like I was part of
the Skidmore community. Where people, I was reaching out to people, and they were coming to
this event, and it was kind of a big campus event, and that was a really good memory for me,

�that’s always been a good memory thinking about how it is that I started to create an origin, to
establish roots here.
JS: Any other events like that that stand out to you?
EM: Yeah, I mean one that’s more recent than that, is that I was able to work on a prison exhibit that
came to campus, it was a national prison exhibit, I had put together a public history course kind of like the
one that you’re teaching, it was built around a semester long project, I know you guys are doing the
Howard Zinn documentary, and that project was related to the history of Mount MacGregor, a prison that
closed in 2014, and we were invited to join this international, well really national but kind of international
organization, in which each school was donating a local story relating to mass incarceration. So I was able
to work on this project with those students, and then finally last semester that exhibit that had been
touring the country came to Skidmore, and it was kind of a nice series of memories of events that I’d
worked on, with Jordana Dym and some other people on campus, drawing people from in the community,
draeing a lot of students, and it was a series of really satisfying events that highlighted all of the things
that are possible when you’re at a place like Skidmore. So I think more recently that’s something that
really stands out.
JS: These- so community events, I take it, you’re very into them.
EM: Yes, yes definitely.
JS: Are those the only two, or…
EM: Those are the ones that really stand out, I – part of what I do along with teaching in the history
department, I’m the faculty director of civic engagement, so that has given me a chance to work with
other faculty members and students on similar kinds of community events so I spend a lot of time
thinking about bringing speakers to campus, and helping students reach out beyond the campus in ways
that are really satisfying, one thing that we did a couple of years ago was we brought a speaker in named
Julie Winoker(?), and she, uh, had put together a film about the challenge of trying to get people from
different political points of view having conversations with one another, and that was, we brought her in
in 2016, when the presidential election was really heating up, and it was a nice chance to bring members
of the community together for, uh, for an event that I thought was really important given the context of
the times. So whenever there’s a chance to do that kind of community outreach I really really enjoy it.
JS: What are some challenges that you face with that aspect of the job?
EM: It is always, uh with the civic engagement stuff, it is always um… well we don’t have a lot of
resources for it, so I’m lucky enough to work with a subcommittee, on campus, where I work with people
like Michelle Hubbs, who is a staff member who works on community outreach, and I work with other
faculty members. Had the committee not existed, I could not do the job at all. And part of it is just about
having financial support, a part of it is logistical support, planning these events takes a lot of time, and
takes a lot of energy, and it can be really satisfying, but it can be really stressful as well, trying to figure
out if the room you have is the right size, trying to reach out to people who are not members of the

�campus, trying to bring a lot of people in, there are always a lot of moving parts, so that’s part of the
challenge of it, and when it works it’s great, but it takes a lot of focused energy to get it moving.
JS: So what’s one thing about Skidmore or Saratoga Springs that you would change?
EM: Oooh, that I would change about Skidmore or Saratoga Springs… um… I guess for Skidmore, if I
could change anything, and this is a little more personal I guess, I really like this idea of civic
engagement, I wish we had a center for civic engagement, I wish we had some kind of a dedicated space,
I wish we had staff, I wish we had a million dollar a year budget, um, I think something like that would be
fantastic. And one thing that I also wish is that um, I wish that there was a little more sense of
coordination on campus because there’s so much going on, and a lot of times one hand doesn’t always
know what the other hand is doing in terms of planning events, or even putting classes together that I
wish there was some kind of way to coordinate things a little more so that we always, so that we have a
better sense of all of the activities that are going on, rather than having so much going on that people feel
overwhelmed, and I think that students sometimes feel overwhelmed by that as well. So I think if I could
change anything personally I’d love to have a center for civic engagement, otherwise if there was a way
to coordinate these events and um, to really involve different kinds of departments who might be
interested in these events and to bring them in in a more intentional way, I think that’d be great.
JS: Reverse of that, what’s one thing that you hope never changes?
EM: I hope, what never changes, is that, I hope I always have good, devoted students, and one thing I like
about Skidmore students is that they are really aware of the world around them. I like the fact that we
have so many students going abroad, I like the fact that there are a lot of students who really believe that
they can change the world, and if that attitude disappeared it would be a real loss, so I think that’s one
thing that I really like, I really like the students. You guys are really engaged, and you’re just, you’re a
fun group to work with, and that’s the biggest thing I would hate to see disappear.
JS: So how many different classes would you say you’ve taught at Skidmore?
EM: Um, I would say ten or twelve classes, I think something like that? Um, I’ve got in my rotation now
I’ve got six or seven, something like that, and I’ve got different versions, I think I’ve taught a dozen
different classes, ten or twelve for sure. And I mean that’s one thing that’s nice too that I really like about
Skidmore, is that we’ve got a lot of freedom to design the kinds of classes that we really like, um, at some
places I knew people who taught the same class over and over and over again, and there was not a lot of
freedom or leeway to really engage in that kind of creative pedagogy, where you would have a chance to
say, I really wanna teach a class on this, like I taught my first year experience course, when that exhibit
was here, I taugh a first year experience course on mass incarceration, and I was able to take my students
over to the exhibit and integrate them into the events, and that is something that would not necessarily be
common at a bigger university, so one great thing about Skidmore is that we have that kind of freedom to
teach a variety of different kinds of classes, and we’ve got a lot of, there’s a lot of energy in the history
department, where people are having conversations about classes that they want to teach, or team
teaching, or coming in and talking in somebody else’s class, we do that all the time, and there’s a really
nice sense of cooperative education going on here. And that’s, that’s been really exciting.

�JS: So is there any particular class or collaboration with another teacher that stands out?
EM: Uh, one that I did this past semester is, my colleague Erika Bastress-Dukehart, who teaches – you
may have had her before – that she teaches a course on crime and punishment ijn Europe, and I was doing
my course on mass incarceration in the United States, and I said to her it’d be great if you could come in
and talk about Fukoh(?) and talk about the European origins of American criminal justice, and she came
in and did that, and, uh, it was great for the students to meet her, and see, her, she’s really dynamic, and
she said now I – it’d be great if you could come into my class too, so I went into one of her classes on the
Reformation and talked about the impact of the Reformation on American history, and that was one
moment where the two of us could really come together, and it really wasn’t just about having
conversations, where we discover that we have similar interests, it was about us taking those similar
interests and viewing particular events from different points of view and coming into classes and sharing
those different points of view. It’s moments like that that are really great, and we’ve talked about doing
more of that kind of work here, and that’s one that I really look back and say “that worked, that was a
good thing.”
JS: Um, of all the historical sites in and around Saratoga, which one resonates with you most of all?
EM: I like – I love the battlefield, that’s probably an easy answer for me. I really, I’ll give you two to that,
I love the battlefield because I like to be able to talk about the Battle of Saratoga in class and tell students
we’re 20 minutes away from where the world changed. Uh, they do a really nice job leading tours, and
organizing it, but I really really like having that battlefield close by because it reminds students how close
history can actually be. One other place I like is Congress Park, and I like that just because of the beauty
of the park, and I’ve got fond memories of taking him (his son) there and going on the merry-go-round,
even though you cried the first time because you thought you’d never be able to come back ever again,
once we did that, but in terms of teaching I like to point to Congress Park because not only is that the
place where John Morrissey established one of his casinos, but it’s where Frederick Law Olmsted, the
landscape architect, did some of his work, and he’s the one who designed Central Park. So it’s a nice
opportunity to both be in this beautiful place and say “look, this is where all of this cool history happened,
it’s really close by, it defines the community that we all live in, and you can go and visit it, and see it.” So
those are two places that really stand out for me in terms of places that are close by, historical places.
JS: Do you think any sites around here are understated, or not as prominent?
EM: I am not sure, I think sometimes what happens is that people don’t always remember that they’re
surrounded by history, and one of the activities that I have students do in my public history class is just
take a day and walk around the downtown and look around at it, and look at the architecture, and look at
the dates on the buildings, and a place like Broadway I think has a really interesting history that people
don’t always think about because they don’t go down there thinking about the history, they think about
the shopping, or going to the bookstore or going out to eat, and if we stop and kind of just sit and look
around and say “that is, I had not thought about it in historical terms,” you can see how that type of
history in everyday life is just more important and more prominent than people often recognize. One thing
I like to do too is have students try and follow the railroad tracks, if you go down in front of, they run past

�the movie theater, and they run past to the grocery store downtown, that they’ve been laid out so that you
can walk the railroad tracks, and when you do something like that you get a sense of how the city has
changed. So in terms of finding places that are often overlooked, I like to take a look at the everyday, and
say “let’s try and locate this in a historical context.” And if you do that, then you can see how it is that the
everyday life that you lead is connected to these broader stories that continue to echo in American history
and in a place like Saratoga Springs.
JS: Do you think that Broadway and places like that are intentionally designed or presented in a way that
makes people think about history?
EM: I think it’s getting better, I think that there are efforts on the part of historic preservation in town, and
other local historians to say that we need to remember that this history is present, and I don’t think that
people always see it, but I think that there is an effort on the part of a lot of local historians to highlight
this kind of history as it exists, I just think that people are not programmed to notice it. But there is, I
think that there is a real effort in town to try and do this, and it doesn’t make Saratoga Springs unusual, I
think you see that in a lot of local communities, it is really hard to break people out of the contemporary
mindset and say “this is the past around us,” we’ve got to grasp that, to understand how that past that
seems long past is still alive and still shapes the world that we inhabit, I think local historians often have
to swim upstream to do that. They do a good job, in Saratoga Springs I think they do a pretty good job but
they’re fighting against a tendency of people to think very contemporarily in the way that they understand
the world.
JS: Do you think that Skidmore students are better about recognizing the subtleties of history found out in
the world?
EM: I think that if they take the time to think about it they can be very good, and I’ve seen this in my own
public history class where students have gone out and they’ve really been given the freedom and the
encouragement to go out and really think about these more subtle stories and I think that they have the
capacity to do that kind of work if they’re given the chance, and I think that some people in
environmental studies do prjects like this where they get students out into the community thinking about
environmental issues in a way that we as public historians really want our students to do the same kind of
thing. I think if Skidmore – one thing I like about Skidmore students is that you guys do almost
everything we ask you to do, and if given a chance you will do great things. So it’s about having the
opportunity and getting out and getting off the campus, and getting into town and getting to the battlefield
and seeing all of these things. And my experience is that when that happens, when I took students up to
see Mount MacGregor, it was eye opening. It was transformative for them to actually see the prison that
they were talking about in the class. So I have a lot of faith in Skidmore students.
JS: You mentioned environmental studies, do you think that… what other fields of study do you think are
beneficial to be studied alongside history?
EM: Um, I think, I love it when I have students who take anthropology, um because we do very similar
kinds of things, we look back, we put bits and pieces together trying to reconstruct lost worlds, so I love
when I have students who are archaeologists, who work with people like Heather Hurst, who are able to

�bring that point of view into the classes that I teach. I love having students who are able to contextualize
cultural issues, in classes, so I love having students who are English majors, or dance majors, or theater
majors, and I think theater in particular is a really cool way to think about storytelling which is what we
do as historians. So I think anthropologists, political scientists, these other kinds of humanists, bringing
them into the history classes can be fantastic, and I’m kind of running on and it’s going to be like “I love
having everybody in class!” But I also, I mean the other thing I would say is that it can be really
refreshing having physical and natural scientists taking history classes too, because they will bring to the
game different kinds of questions, and they are often really… I can see the lightbulb coming on for
example when I have environmental studies majors who emphasize the science part of it, taking an
environmental history class. So I like having students from all over the place who bring different points of
view, and who think in radically different ways but can inform what we talk about in history by what they
bring to the class from these different, these different locations.

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                    <text>Lawrence Opitz Interview
Josh Karen: This is Professor Larry Opitz, professor of theater at Skidmore College,
and founder of the Saratoga Shakespeare Company. So first, how did you get
involved in the Saratoga and Skidmore communities?
Lary Opitz: As far as the Saratoga community goes, it's kind of interesting. I came
to Saratoga when I was 26, married and from New York, and I came here
ostensibly to spend one year back in 1974. That was the plan because after
doing a lot of freelancing in New York in the theater here was this opportunity to
get out of New York for a year, make a decent salary where they pay me every
two weeks and then come back to New York and go back to work. Ummm the
other motivation was a friend was offered a job here or an acquaintance was
offered a job here in the theater department and he interviewed, came back
to New York and told me you gotta go up there, forget about the job, you gotta
see this town, it's beautiful, beautiful Victorian architecture, tree-lined wide
boulevards, and they'll take good care of you, they'll wine and dine you for the
weekend. So I said "what the hell?". So I came up here. Pouring rain, everything
was rushed, they wound up offering me a job. And I didn't make a decision,
because Barbara, [his wife], wasn't with me, and I wanted to talk to my friend, to
see if either of us or both of us really wanted to come up here. Umm, so.
Needless to say, we did. I don't know that for many many years I felt much of a
connection to the community of Saratoga. I thought of myself, and in some
ways still do think of myself as a New Yorker, meaning New York City. Umm still
had a lot of family in New York, went down regularly, a lot of my work was in
New York, I would travel back and forth all the time. This was where I worked,
but, and here's the tension, I was part of the Skidmore community, and I'll talk
about that specifically in a moment, but there was very little connection to the
Saratoga community. And through the years, I spent a lotta time traveling, when
I was a lighting designer, so, even though I had two kids up here, born in '76 and
'79, I wasn't that connected with their lives in school, as activities went, because
I was so often away, and Barbara was in charge of that. So I didn't feel any
strong connection to the community. That didn't change very much for many
many years, I wasn't a member of any organization, I think that so what became
important was that six or seven years after we had already lived here, we did
join what was then, what still is called the Jewish community center, which was
uh then an Orthodox congregation. We did it because it was time for the kids to
start religious studies, and we had two choices: we had a lot of friends who were
members of the reform congregation, we didn't know anybody who was
orthodox, we went in and we wound up joining there, and became very
involved very quickly, and that was our community. If it wasn't family, it was the
Jewish Community Center. So all community activities were focused there really.
Ummm I became active in terms of serving on the board, eventually becoming

�president, built a new building, and all of those relate to the community, but not
the community at large. One thing that changed that was probably some time
in the 80's, joining the local chapter of NAACP, but not getting too involved, and
again, not a whole lot of things I'd call community involvement. We lived in a
very, we still live in a very neat neighborhood, on the east side, and within a two,
three block radius, there were a lot of families with kids our age, kids the age of
our kids. So that was sort of a tiny little community. In 2000, I was a founding
member of Saratoga Shakespeare Company. That tied me into the community
more than anything else had to date, and continued working with Saratoga
Shakespeare, and people in town knew me from that, from my performances
every summer, and then eventually, about six years ago, Barbara and I took
over the company, and we have absolutely necessarily, by force, had to
become more intimate with the Greater Saratoga community, because we
needed to raise money. And again, we see 6,000 people every summer, many
of whom are Saratogians, and so we've become very connected with things
that we had never been connected with before. But that's, that's been, you
know the past 43, 44 years in terms of the community of Saratoga. Skidmore is
very different, but even there it's kind of weird. I came up here as a staff
member, not a faculty member, though I started teaching immediately, as a
lecturer I guess, and I spent a few years here, and all that mattered was the
theater, I wasn't involved in campus events very much. What's interesting is that
at that time, I was only six years, seven years older than most of my students, the
drinking age was 18, there was no stigma at all attached with hanging out with
students at parties and drinking, things were very different then, and there was a
lot of partying in the theater department. But it was all about the theater and
the work in the theater, and theater students and theater faculty. I had no
connection with the rest of the campus, other than the occasional friendship
that would pop up either because of our kids or just encounters. In, somewhere
in 19-, in the late 70's, I was going to leave here for another job, Boston University,
that I'd been offered. Decided to stay partially because they offered me a real
academic title, and I became an assistant professor with a nice salary raise, and
decided to stay, and that meant I had to be more of a community member.
Ummm. It took me a long time in the theater department, in meetings, in the
theater department, when I was 26, to really participate and voice my opinions.
Then I had the challenge of being a faculty member at large at faculty
meetings, and speaking up, speaking my opinions in front of the entire faculty.
But that was my responsibility, if I wanted to stay here, the goal would be to get
tenure. At that time, tenure was not attached to a promotion, now it is. When
you're automatically an associate professor, back then, you could get tenure
and then you had to go for promotion. So if I wanted to keep my job, and if I
wanted to grow in the job, I'd have to be more connected to the community,
the college community, which meant serving on college committees, which is
doing service for the faculty, but in the process of doing that, you're meeting
new faculty members, and developing new relationships. Governance started

�becoming more important to me, and standing up and speaking my mind in
faculty meetings became very important to me, and I was developing as
something of a leader and something of an impassioned speaker, because I am
an actor, meanwhile I was taking leadership in the Jewish Community Center,
taking leadership in the department in my first term as chair, so I started taking
more leadership in the faculty at large, meeting more people, developing more
relationships, developing relationships with administrators, and that led to two of
my most important, my most important service as a faculty member, which was
serving on CAPT, which was the committee on appointments, promotions, and
tenure, which has always been considered the senior activity, and I've been on
that for two full terms and I was chair of it, and that put me on a position where I
had to take a tremendous amount of leadership, because we're not just
involved in those decisions, the administration has always dealt with CAPT for
other all college issues. When I took over the chair in my last term, which lasted
ten years, I had to put all the focus back into the theater department and
continue to function as a full faculty member participating in meetings, but most
of my service, in recent years, has been in the theater department. That pretty
much covers it.
JK: So, going back to getting involved in the Skidmore community, over the
years that you've been involved in it since you moved up here, how have you
seen the community develop and change and what kind of trends have you
seen go through it?
LO: Yeah, uh, (laughs) some things have changed for the better, and some for
the worse, and when we talk about change on campus, we're talking about
three different things in my mind: one is changes in the student body, changes in
the faculty, and changes in the administration. Umm... I think our students have
gotten stronger academically over the years, and that's partially because we've
become more selective, partially because I think Skidmore has improved over
the years in its offerings and its commitment to education. So, I think there is
strength there in students because 40 years ago, 30 years ago, I found our
students far more independent and uhh- independent meaning largely
independent of the will of their parents, and there was no such phenomenon as
helicopter parents, today I'm dealing with students who seem incapable or
unwilling to make a decision without calling home almost every day, if not every
day. Those two things, there's a tension there, remarkable change. And I've seen
it in the theater too, that um, there was a period, 20 years ago, 15 years ago
where rarely would I pick up the New York Times and not see something that
one of our students was doing. Now in the past 5 years, that's fallen off a bit, our
students are going out and forming their own theater companies, more than
they have in the last 10 years. Again, that has to do in part with independence,
and taking control of your own life. In the faculty, the, there was a greater sense
of independence and strength in the faculty, 40 years ago, 30 years ago than

�there is now. There was always a tension between the will of the faculty and the
goals of the administration. Now we all were pulling for Skidmore to be the best
possible place, but that meant different things in different times to different, to
the faculty and the administration. And I felt that there was much more
independent thinking on the part of faculty years ago, now it seems that young
faculty straight out of PhD programs are concerned primarily with getting
tenure, obviously always an issue, but it seems to be the foremost though upon
getting here, "what do I have to do to get tenure in six years, seven years", and
there's a tendency, in part because of that, to be less confrontational with the
administration, to stand up for things, principles when there's disagreement with
the administration. So, I think the faculty in general have gotten more sheepish,
more willing to deal with the administration as, as, as, as parents, and taking less
responsibility for leadership. And in the part of administration over the years,
what I've seen, and this is not unusual, it's every college, is what's typically called
administrative bloat, where the size of the faculty has only in recent years grown
in considerable ways, but nothing compared with the explosion in the size of the
administration. Things that were done by two or three people, 30 years ago,
now are done by 8 people. Everybody's got an assistant. The work has not... in
some areas the work has grown, computers, library, external forces like the
demands for assessment have required us to expand administration in various
ways, but in general, it just, and as a result of that in part is ore turnover than
there ever used to be, 30 years ago 40 years ago, if I needed to borrow a truck
from the campus, I'd call up a friend who ran the motor pool, or whatever we
called it then, the physical plant, I'd say "Jerry, I need a truck for the weekend,
any problems?" "No, pick it up whenever you want!". Now, first of all, now the
policy has ended. A few years ago, I would have had to go through a ridiculous
amount of rigmarole, now some of that's external, insurance, stuff like that, but,
you used to pick up a phone, call somebody and get the person on the phone,
not an answering machine, a person who you knew by their first name, and you
helped one another. Now, the phone won't be answered, you'll get a machine
more often than not, you're calling a person to deal with a problem and you
don't know who that person is because they've replaced the last two people
since you knew the person, so it's become a less personable place to be, and I
have regrets for that, it used to be much more, it used to be much smaller and
more of a family, and I miss that. That seems to be at odds with that I was saying
about my connection to the community, to the college community, but I was
differentiating between you know my job as a professor as opposed to my life in
the community and you know, you just knew everybody, and yeah we talked
about secretaries then, not administrative assistants, but you knew most of them,
and they spent many years here, their families grew up here, they had relatives
in the area, they retired here, and those days are long gone, and this is part of
society, we've become more mobile, so we move around a lot more, we
change jobs a lot more than people used to. But the result of that is, there's a
breakdown in community.

�JK: And on that note, do you think the general identity throughout Skidmore and
its community has shifted over the years or changed in any way since when you
first got here?
LO: Yeah, again, both good and bad, I think we've become more socially
conscious, as has higher education in general, and that's a good thing, but I feel
less connected with students, and maybe that's partially because of age, I feel
less connected than I used to. As far as the Saratoga community goes, it's
grown, but not outrageously. What's changed more than anything else in the
demographics is the influx of ummm people who've- this always was something
of a bedroom community for Albany, so you had a lot of people whose lives
were in Albany but wanted to live further away. About 30 years ago, these
multimillion dollar housing developments started popping up around, we started
getting people who spent half their week in New York City and half the week up
here, so 30 years ago, I'd go out to a restaurant, and we eat out a lot, and I'd
know everybody, inconceivable not to see people, know the waiters well, know
the owners well, well there's turn over in business too, and, but what's astounding
is I go to restaurants now and it's not that often I know people there, who are
dining there, that, that affects me, it's changed things, even people on the
street, don't see people on the street as often, people that I know as often when
I'm walking downtown. And then the most recent phenomenon in town is all of
the condos that have gone up, multimillion dollar condos, you know, a twobedroom condo for 1.5 million in Saratoga Springs, just who are these people?
Um. So, the community has changed primarily I think because of that, uh
thankfully downtown has maintained its identity, and that's a terribly important
part of downtown. Summers in Saratoga have always been bizarre, because of
the track, because of SPAC, for the past 18 years Saratoga Shakespeare has
had its effect in town, the balletamens who come up here, the Touts from New
York who come to vacation, who spend their lives at Aquaduct and Belmont
and come up here for a week or two in the summer, the owners, unlike you
know other tracks, the owners come up here for the season, we have the track
hands, who are largely Hispanic, who have their lives in the community, we
have the Hassidic Jews who come up here in the summer still on war reparations
from Germany, its bizarre!

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                    <text>February	&#13;  11th,	&#13;  2018	&#13;  
Chris	&#13;  Cocchi	&#13;  (interviewer)	&#13;  
Dave	&#13;  Paterson	&#13;  (interviewee)	&#13;  
Skidmore	&#13;  College,	&#13;  Scribner	&#13;  Library	&#13;  
	&#13;  
Christopher	&#13;  Cocchi:	&#13;  Ok,	&#13;  testing	&#13;  1,2,3.	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  its	&#13;  working.	&#13;  Ok!	&#13;  So	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  first	&#13;  thing	&#13;  is	&#13;  that,	&#13;  uh	&#13;  do	&#13;  you,	&#13;  
just	&#13;  to	&#13;  go	&#13;  over	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  verbal	&#13;  consent,	&#13;  uh	&#13;  do	&#13;  you	&#13;  agree	&#13;  to	&#13;  what	&#13;  you	&#13;  signed	&#13;  before	&#13;  about,	&#13;  you	&#13;  know,	&#13;  
hav-­‐	&#13;  lending	&#13;  your	&#13;  voice	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  or	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  Memory	&#13;  Project	&#13;  [Skidmore	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  
Memory	&#13;  Project	&#13;  (SSMP)]	&#13;  and	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  you	&#13;  know,	&#13;  letting	&#13;  it	&#13;  be	&#13;  used	&#13;  online	&#13;  and	&#13;  whatnot?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
Dave	&#13;  Paterson:	&#13;  I	&#13;  do.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Cool,	&#13;  thank	&#13;  you.	&#13;  Anyway,	&#13;  first	&#13;  things	&#13;  first	&#13;  I	&#13;  just	&#13;  have	&#13;  to	&#13;  record	&#13;  just	&#13;  the	&#13;  empty	&#13;  the	&#13;  noise	&#13;  here	&#13;  
so	&#13;  that	&#13;  they	&#13;  can	&#13;  edit	&#13;  it	&#13;  out	&#13;  so	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  just	&#13;  gonna	&#13;  be	&#13;  silent	&#13;  for	&#13;  about	&#13;  a	&#13;  few	&#13;  seconds	&#13;  here	&#13;  
	&#13;  
[Pause]	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Ok,	&#13;  so	&#13;  for	&#13;  the	&#13;  record,	&#13;  my	&#13;  name	&#13;  is	&#13;  Christopher	&#13;  Cocchi,	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  here	&#13;  with	&#13;  Dave	&#13;  Paterson,	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  
Skidmore	&#13;  Library	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  Media	&#13;  Viewing	&#13;  room,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  interviewing	&#13;  him	&#13;  for	&#13;  the	&#13;  Public	&#13;  History	&#13;  in	&#13;  
Skidmore	&#13;  with	&#13;  Professor	&#13;  [Jordana]	&#13;  Dym.	&#13;  So	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  I	&#13;  guess,	&#13;  to	&#13;  begin,	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  what's	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  just	&#13;  tell	&#13;  me	&#13;  
about	&#13;  yourself,	&#13;  like	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  when	&#13;  were	&#13;  you	&#13;  born	&#13;  or	&#13;  like	&#13;  where	&#13;  did	&#13;  you	&#13;  live	&#13;  growing	&#13;  up?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Ok,	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  born	&#13;  in	&#13;  south	&#13;  Boston-­‐	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Um	&#13;  hm.	&#13;  
DP:-­‐in	&#13;  1954.	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Um	&#13;  hm.	&#13;  
DP	&#13;  :	&#13;  And,	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  I've	&#13;  been	&#13;  in	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  [Springs]	&#13;  for	&#13;  the	&#13;  last	&#13;  47	&#13;  years.	&#13;  I've	&#13;  taught	&#13;  for	&#13;  over	&#13;  30	&#13;  years	&#13;  at	&#13;  
the	&#13;  [Saratoga	&#13;  Springs]	&#13;  high	&#13;  school	&#13;  here,	&#13;  [as	&#13;  the]	&#13;  Social	&#13;  Studies	&#13;  department	&#13;  head,	&#13;  and	&#13;  
overlapping	&#13;  15	&#13;  years	&#13;  at	&#13;  The	&#13;  University	&#13;  at	&#13;  Albany.	&#13;  Uh,	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  midst	&#13;  of	&#13;  all	&#13;  that	&#13;  teaching	&#13;  of	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  
also	&#13;  President	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  History	&#13;  Museum,	&#13;  and	&#13;  for	&#13;  19	&#13;  years	&#13;  a	&#13;  friend	&#13;  of	&#13;  mine	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  
have	&#13;  run	&#13;  a	&#13;  company	&#13;  called	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Tours,	&#13;  where	&#13;  we	&#13;  give	&#13;  historic	&#13;  tours	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Ok	&#13;  cool.	&#13;  So	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  what	&#13;  got	&#13;  you	&#13;  interested	&#13;  in	&#13;  history	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  first	&#13;  place?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Probably	&#13;  my	&#13;  8th	&#13;  grade	&#13;  history	&#13;  teacher,	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  Mr.Curren	&#13;  [SP?],	&#13;  and	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  he's	&#13;  the	&#13;  first	&#13;  one	&#13;  who	&#13;  
made	&#13;  who	&#13;  made	&#13;  it	&#13;  more	&#13;  about	&#13;  how	&#13;  and	&#13;  why	&#13;  instead	&#13;  of,	&#13;  memorizing	&#13;  	&#13;  who,	&#13;  what,	&#13;  when,	&#13;  and	&#13;  
where	&#13;  and	&#13;  dates	&#13;  and	&#13;  all	&#13;  those,	&#13;  and	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  I	&#13;  always	&#13;  liked	&#13;  to	&#13;  read.	&#13;  And	&#13;  once	&#13;  I	&#13;  started	&#13;  reading	&#13;  
history,	&#13;  then	&#13;  I	&#13;  wanted	&#13;  to	&#13;  read	&#13;  more,	&#13;  it's	&#13;  like,	&#13;  now	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  writing	&#13;  for	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Living	&#13;  Magazine,	&#13;  I	&#13;  
think	&#13;  the	&#13;  new,	&#13;  the	&#13;  new	&#13;  relaunch	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  magazine	&#13;  just	&#13;  came	&#13;  out	&#13;  a	&#13;  couple	&#13;  days	&#13;  ago,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  have	&#13;  
an	&#13;  article	&#13;  in	&#13;  there	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  wrote	&#13;  for	&#13;  them	&#13;  about	&#13;  the	&#13;  blizzard	&#13;  of	&#13;  1888	&#13;  when	&#13;  we	&#13;  got	&#13;  57	&#13;  inches	&#13;  of	&#13;  
snow.	&#13;  But	&#13;  while	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  researching	&#13;  that,	&#13;  and	&#13;  reading	&#13;  up	&#13;  on	&#13;  that,	&#13;  then	&#13;  I	&#13;  found	&#13;  a	&#13;  bunch	&#13;  more	&#13;  
questions	&#13;  I	&#13;  wanted	&#13;  answers	&#13;  to	&#13;  so	&#13;  then	&#13;  I	&#13;  go	&#13;  off	&#13;  on-­‐	&#13;  and	&#13;  that's	&#13;  the	&#13;  great	&#13;  thing	&#13;  about	&#13;  history,	&#13;  
you're	&#13;  never	&#13;  done.	&#13;  
	&#13;  

�CC:	&#13;  Um	&#13;  hm.	&#13;  That's	&#13;  very	&#13;  cool.	&#13;  Now	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  where	&#13;  did	&#13;  you	&#13;  go	&#13;  after	&#13;  your,	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  experience	&#13;  in	&#13;  public	&#13;  
school,	&#13;  like	&#13;  which	&#13;  university	&#13;  did	&#13;  you	&#13;  [DP	&#13;  starts	&#13;  speaking]	&#13;  go	&#13;  to	&#13;  from	&#13;  there?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Oh,	&#13;  uh	&#13;  college-­‐wise	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  at	&#13;  the,	&#13;  first	&#13;  was	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  University	&#13;  of	&#13;  Miami.	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Um	&#13;  hm.	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Uh,	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  playing	&#13;  Baseball	&#13;  also	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  time	&#13;  so	&#13;  I	&#13;  left	&#13;  Miami,	&#13;  um	&#13;  I	&#13;  ended	&#13;  up	&#13;  getting	&#13;  degrees	&#13;  
from	&#13;  Boston	&#13;  College,	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  University	&#13;  at	&#13;  Albany,	&#13;  and	&#13;  [	&#13;  The	&#13;  College	&#13;  of]	&#13;  Saint	&#13;  Rose.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Ok	&#13;  cool.	&#13;  And	&#13;  what	&#13;  was	&#13;  your	&#13;  first	&#13;  experience	&#13;  out	&#13;  of	&#13;  college?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  [Deep	&#13;  breath]	&#13;  [You]	&#13;  mean	&#13;  work	&#13;  wise?	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Yeah.	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  I	&#13;  taught	&#13;  for	&#13;  half	&#13;  a	&#13;  year	&#13;  in	&#13;  Rutland,	&#13;  Vermont.	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  the	&#13;  fourth	&#13;  teacher	&#13;  they	&#13;  had	&#13;  hired,	&#13;  
because	&#13;  the	&#13;  7th	&#13;  and	&#13;  8th	&#13;  graders	&#13;  were	&#13;  driving	&#13;  all	&#13;  the	&#13;  substitute	&#13;  people	&#13;  crazy,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  remember	&#13;  I	&#13;  
started	&#13;  in	&#13;  February,	&#13;  oh	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  1980,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  get	&#13;  through	&#13;  the	&#13;  rest	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  school	&#13;  year	&#13;  with	&#13;  them,	&#13;  
and	&#13;  a	&#13;  matter	&#13;  of	&#13;  fact,	&#13;  on	&#13;  like	&#13;  the	&#13;  second	&#13;  the	&#13;  second	&#13;  to	&#13;  last	&#13;  week	&#13;  of	&#13;  school,	&#13;  the	&#13;  assistant	&#13;  
superintendent	&#13;  asked	&#13;  me	&#13;  if	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  available	&#13;  to	&#13;  come	&#13;  back	&#13;  an-­‐	&#13;  oh-­‐	&#13;  then	&#13;  next	&#13;  year	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  said	&#13;  I	&#13;  was.	&#13;  
And	&#13;  he	&#13;  said	&#13;  they	&#13;  were	&#13;  going	&#13;  to	&#13;  give	&#13;  me	&#13;  like	&#13;  a	&#13;  "The	&#13;  8th	&#13;  grade	&#13;  teacher	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  year	&#13;  award"	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  
said	&#13;  oh	&#13;  this	&#13;  is	&#13;  great,	&#13;  and	&#13;  then	&#13;  the	&#13;  next	&#13;  week	&#13;  I	&#13;  got	&#13;  laid	&#13;  off!	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Oh!	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  [Laughs]	&#13;  So	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  going	&#13;  to	&#13;  go	&#13;  back	&#13;  to	&#13;  Boston	&#13;  and	&#13;  open	&#13;  up	&#13;  a	&#13;  sporting	&#13;  goods	&#13;  store,	&#13;  and	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  
on	&#13;  my	&#13;  way	&#13;  down	&#13;  through,	&#13;  I	&#13;  had	&#13;  interviewed	&#13;  at	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  High	&#13;  School	&#13;  before,	&#13;  but	&#13;  they	&#13;  already	&#13;  
had	&#13;  a	&#13;  position	&#13;  filled,	&#13;  on	&#13;  my	&#13;  way	&#13;  down-­‐	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  packing	&#13;  up	&#13;  my	&#13;  car	&#13;  literally,	&#13;  on	&#13;  the	&#13;  day	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  going	&#13;  
to	&#13;  go	&#13;  to	&#13;  Boston,	&#13;  when	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  called	&#13;  and	&#13;  said	&#13;  "we	&#13;  have	&#13;  an	&#13;  opening,	&#13;  do	&#13;  you	&#13;  want	&#13;  to	&#13;  come	&#13;  up	&#13;  
and	&#13;  interview?"	&#13;  [Unsure	&#13;  mumble]	&#13;  I	&#13;  said	&#13;  ok,	&#13;  I	&#13;  will.	&#13;  So	&#13;  I	&#13;  went	&#13;  up,	&#13;  they	&#13;  hired	&#13;  me,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I've	&#13;  been	&#13;  
there	&#13;  for	&#13;  the	&#13;  last	&#13;  40	&#13;  years.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Uh,	&#13;  so,	&#13;  what	&#13;  was	&#13;  your-­‐	&#13;  what	&#13;  was-­‐	&#13;  wh-­‐	&#13;  what	&#13;  was	&#13;  your	&#13;  teaching	&#13;  at	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  High	&#13;  [School]?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Uh,	&#13;  really	&#13;  good.	&#13;  Uh,	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  [Springs]'s	&#13;  a	&#13;  really	&#13;  good	&#13;  school	&#13;  district.	&#13;  Uh,	&#13;  I	&#13;  taught	&#13;  
everything	&#13;  you	&#13;  can	&#13;  teach	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  Social	&#13;  Studies	&#13;  from	&#13;  grades	&#13;  7	&#13;  to	&#13;  12.	&#13;  Every	&#13;  level	&#13;  of	&#13;  student,	&#13;  from	&#13;  
the	&#13;  weakest	&#13;  kids	&#13;  we	&#13;  had,	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  kids	&#13;  with	&#13;  special	&#13;  needs,	&#13;  up	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  Advanced	&#13;  Placement	&#13;  
courses,	&#13;  uh	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  only	&#13;  the	&#13;  2nd	&#13;  Advance	&#13;  Placement	&#13;  U.S.	&#13;  History	&#13;  teacher	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  county	&#13;  
when	&#13;  we	&#13;  started	&#13;  that	&#13;  program.	&#13;  Um,	&#13;  I	&#13;  also	&#13;  taught	&#13;  in	&#13;  summer	&#13;  school	&#13;  I	&#13;  taught	&#13;  phys.	&#13;  ed.	&#13;  [Physical	&#13;  
Education],	&#13;  I	&#13;  taught	&#13;  English,	&#13;  Social	&#13;  Studies,	&#13;  so,	&#13;  but,	&#13;  you	&#13;  know,	&#13;  all	&#13;  in	&#13;  all	&#13;  a	&#13;  terrific	&#13;  experience.	&#13;  
Great	&#13;  kids.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  So,	&#13;  how-­‐	&#13;  did	&#13;  anything	&#13;  change	&#13;  over	&#13;  the	&#13;  years	&#13;  that	&#13;  you	&#13;  were	&#13;  teaching	&#13;  History	&#13;  at	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  
High	&#13;  School?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  [Deep	&#13;  breath]	&#13;  Well,	&#13;  [pause]	&#13;  that's	&#13;  one	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  great	&#13;  things	&#13;  about	&#13;  history,	&#13;  things	&#13;  do	&#13;  change	&#13;  as	&#13;  
time	&#13;  goes	&#13;  on,	&#13;  um	&#13;  the	&#13;  first	&#13;  kids	&#13;  I	&#13;  taught	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  1980's,	&#13;  I	&#13;  don't	&#13;  know	&#13;  if	&#13;  you'll	&#13;  remember	&#13;  Chris	&#13;  but	&#13;  
there	&#13;  used	&#13;  to	&#13;  be	&#13;  a	&#13;  show	&#13;  on	&#13;  TV,	&#13;  a	&#13;  TV	&#13;  show	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  80's	&#13;  called	&#13;  "Family	&#13;  Ties".	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Um	&#13;  hmm.	&#13;  

�DP:	&#13;  And	&#13;  most	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  kids	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  80's	&#13;  were	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  like	&#13;  that	&#13;  Alex	&#13;  P.	&#13;  Keaton	&#13;  character.	&#13;  You	&#13;  know,	&#13;  
they	&#13;  were	&#13;  the	&#13;  Michael	&#13;  Fox	&#13;  character,	&#13;  um,	&#13;  very	&#13;  preppy	&#13;  kind	&#13;  of	&#13;  thing,	&#13;  and	&#13;  we	&#13;  went	&#13;  through	&#13;  ph-­‐
phase	&#13;  for	&#13;  a	&#13;  while,	&#13;  but	&#13;  then	&#13;  we	&#13;  get	&#13;  into	&#13;  a	&#13;  phase	&#13;  where	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  everybody	&#13;  was	&#13;  getting	&#13;  piercings	&#13;  
everywhere,	&#13;  and	&#13;  then	&#13;  we	&#13;  got	&#13;  into	&#13;  a	&#13;  phase	&#13;  where	&#13;  the	&#13;  clothes	&#13;  got	&#13;  kinda	&#13;  wild,	&#13;  and	&#13;  then	&#13;  it	&#13;  went	&#13;  
back	&#13;  to	&#13;  more	&#13;  conservative	&#13;  dress.	&#13;  So	&#13;  it's	&#13;  kinda	&#13;  been	&#13;  all	&#13;  over	&#13;  the	&#13;  place,	&#13;  and	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  its	&#13;  interesting	&#13;  
because	&#13;  towards	&#13;  the	&#13;  end	&#13;  of	&#13;  my	&#13;  career	&#13;  I	&#13;  noticed	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  teaching	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  sons	&#13;  and	&#13;  daughters	&#13;  
of	&#13;  kids	&#13;  I	&#13;  taught	&#13;  30	&#13;  years	&#13;  before.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Did	&#13;  uh	&#13;  the	&#13;  material	&#13;  you	&#13;  taught	&#13;  change	&#13;  at	&#13;  all	&#13;  or	&#13;  was	&#13;  it	&#13;  pretty	&#13;  consistent?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Well	&#13;  the	&#13;  tough	&#13;  thing	&#13;  with	&#13;  History	&#13;  is-­‐	&#13;  and	&#13;  Math	&#13;  teachers	&#13;  don't	&#13;  understand	&#13;  this-­‐	&#13;  um,	&#13;  there's	&#13;  
a	&#13;  finite	&#13;  amount	&#13;  of	&#13;  information	&#13;  to	&#13;  teach	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  AP	&#13;  [Advanced	&#13;  Placement]	&#13;  or	&#13;  Regents	&#13;  
[Examinations]	&#13;  Math	&#13;  or	&#13;  Science	&#13;  courses,	&#13;  so	&#13;  they	&#13;  can	&#13;  usually	&#13;  schedule	&#13;  their	&#13;  courses	&#13;  to	&#13;  end,	&#13;  let's	&#13;  
say,	&#13;  mid-­‐May,	&#13;  or	&#13;  early	&#13;  May,	&#13;  which	&#13;  will	&#13;  give	&#13;  them	&#13;  to	&#13;  review	&#13;  for	&#13;  either	&#13;  the	&#13;  AP	&#13;  exam	&#13;  or	&#13;  the	&#13;  
Regents.	&#13;  Well,	&#13;  History	&#13;  just	&#13;  gets	&#13;  added	&#13;  onto	&#13;  every	&#13;  year.	&#13;  So,	&#13;  for	&#13;  example	&#13;  when	&#13;  we	&#13;  get	&#13;  to	&#13;  2001,	&#13;  
you	&#13;  can't	&#13;  leave	&#13;  out	&#13;  9/11,	&#13;  that's	&#13;  too	&#13;  important	&#13;  [of]	&#13;  a	&#13;  piece	&#13;  of	&#13;  history.	&#13;  So	&#13;  as	&#13;  you	&#13;  add	&#13;  things	&#13;  in,	&#13;  
you	&#13;  have	&#13;  to	&#13;  edit	&#13;  other	&#13;  things	&#13;  that	&#13;  you've	&#13;  been	&#13;  teaching	&#13;  over	&#13;  time.	&#13;  So,	&#13;  you	&#13;  figure,	&#13;  when	&#13;  I	&#13;  
started,	&#13;  was	&#13;  the	&#13;  first	&#13;  year	&#13;  Reagan,	&#13;  Ro-­‐Ro	&#13;  Ronald	&#13;  Reagan	&#13;  was	&#13;  president,	&#13;  um	&#13;  when	&#13;  I	&#13;  ended	&#13;  
[Barack]	&#13;  Obama	&#13;  was	&#13;  president.	&#13;  Well,	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  changed,	&#13;  and	&#13;  then	&#13;  you	&#13;  gotta	&#13;  teach	&#13;  all	&#13;  that.	&#13;  So,	&#13;  the	&#13;  
amount	&#13;  I	&#13;  had	&#13;  to	&#13;  teach	&#13;  changed,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  my	&#13;  methods	&#13;  of	&#13;  teaching	&#13;  changed.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Could	&#13;  you	&#13;  go	&#13;  into	&#13;  that,	&#13;  like	&#13;  wh-­‐wh-­‐	&#13;  how	&#13;  did	&#13;  your	&#13;  methods	&#13;  change?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Well,	&#13;  [Cough]	&#13;  education	&#13;  isn't	&#13;  a	&#13;  once	&#13;  size	&#13;  fit	&#13;  all,	&#13;  I	&#13;  don't	&#13;  think,	&#13;  although	&#13;  I-­‐it	&#13;  does	&#13;  make	&#13;  me	&#13;  
laugh	&#13;  because	&#13;  [the]	&#13;  New	&#13;  York	&#13;  Department	&#13;  of	&#13;  Education	&#13;  continually	&#13;  talks	&#13;  about	&#13;  differentiated	&#13;  
instruction,	&#13;  which	&#13;  is	&#13;  the	&#13;  idea	&#13;  that	&#13;  every	&#13;  student	&#13;  should	&#13;  be	&#13;  treated	&#13;  differently	&#13;  and	&#13;  taught	&#13;  
according	&#13;  to,	&#13;  you	&#13;  know,	&#13;  what	&#13;  they	&#13;  can	&#13;  do.	&#13;  And	&#13;  I	&#13;  agree	&#13;  with	&#13;  that	&#13;  philosophically,	&#13;  [Cough]	&#13;  yet	&#13;  
they	&#13;  want	&#13;  every	&#13;  kid	&#13;  to	&#13;  sit	&#13;  down	&#13;  for	&#13;  same	&#13;  Regents	&#13;  exam,	&#13;  whether	&#13;  you	&#13;  live	&#13;  in	&#13;  Long	&#13;  Island,	&#13;  or	&#13;  
Brooklyn,	&#13;  or	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs.	&#13;  And	&#13;  to	&#13;  me	&#13;  that	&#13;  is	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  ridiculous.	&#13;  I	&#13;  never	&#13;  had	&#13;  a	&#13;  student	&#13;  fail	&#13;  a	&#13;  
state	&#13;  test,	&#13;  but	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  the	&#13;  reason	&#13;  for	&#13;  that	&#13;  is,	&#13;  because	&#13;  even	&#13;  with	&#13;  lowest	&#13;  level	&#13;  kids	&#13;  I	&#13;  taught,	&#13;  I	&#13;  
always	&#13;  treated	&#13;  Social	&#13;  Studies,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  it's	&#13;  true	&#13;  of	&#13;  any	&#13;  subject	&#13;  [test],	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  vocabulary	&#13;  test.	&#13;  As	&#13;  
long	&#13;  the	&#13;  kids	&#13;  understand	&#13;  what	&#13;  the	&#13;  questions	&#13;  are	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  end	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  year,	&#13;  they	&#13;  can	&#13;  answer	&#13;  them.	&#13;  
What	&#13;  happens	&#13;  is	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  teachers	&#13;  think	&#13;  they're	&#13;  being	&#13;  a	&#13;  good	&#13;  teacher,	&#13;  what	&#13;  they'll	&#13;  do	&#13;  something	&#13;  
like	&#13;  this,	&#13;  they'll	&#13;  say,	&#13;  I'll	&#13;  be	&#13;  teaching	&#13;  a	&#13;  class	&#13;  and	&#13;  I'll	&#13;  say	&#13;  "Ok,	&#13;  so	&#13;  were	&#13;  when	&#13;  the	&#13;  immigrants	&#13;  were	&#13;  
coming	&#13;  into	&#13;  New	&#13;  York	&#13;  City,	&#13;  and	&#13;  they	&#13;  were	&#13;  being	&#13;  processed,	&#13;  and	&#13;  they	&#13;  were	&#13;  slowly	&#13;  getting	&#13;  
accepted	&#13;  and	&#13;  they	&#13;  got	&#13;  jobs	&#13;  in	&#13;  factories,	&#13;  and	&#13;  they	&#13;  started	&#13;  to	&#13;  learn	&#13;  the	&#13;  English	&#13;  language,	&#13;  and	&#13;  
customs	&#13;  in	&#13;  America,	&#13;  that's	&#13;  called	&#13;  Assimilation."	&#13;  Well	&#13;  some	&#13;  teachers,	&#13;  thinking	&#13;  they're	&#13;  just	&#13;  trying	&#13;  
to	&#13;  help	&#13;  the	&#13;  kids,	&#13;  will	&#13;  just	&#13;  refer	&#13;  to	&#13;  it	&#13;  as	&#13;  "fitting	&#13;  in",	&#13;  'cus	&#13;  the	&#13;  kids	&#13;  will	&#13;  understand	&#13;  it	&#13;  better.	&#13;  The	&#13;  
problem	&#13;  is	&#13;  when	&#13;  they	&#13;  get	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  Regents	&#13;  exam,	&#13;  the	&#13;  Regents	&#13;  uses	&#13;  the	&#13;  word	&#13;  "assimilation",	&#13;  and	&#13;  if	&#13;  
a	&#13;  student	&#13;  doesn't	&#13;  associate	&#13;  the	&#13;  word	&#13;  assimilation	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  immigrant	&#13;  experience,	&#13;  they're	&#13;  not	&#13;  
going	&#13;  to	&#13;  get	&#13;  the	&#13;  question	&#13;  right.	&#13;  So	&#13;  I	&#13;  learned	&#13;  early	&#13;  on	&#13;  that	&#13;  vocabulary	&#13;  was	&#13;  an	&#13;  important	&#13;  part.	&#13;  
Also	&#13;  early	&#13;  on	&#13;  when	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  teaching	&#13;  it	&#13;  was	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  more	&#13;  chalk	&#13;  talk	&#13;  lecturing,	&#13;  as	&#13;  then	&#13;  as	&#13;  time	&#13;  when	&#13;  
the	&#13;  technology	&#13;  get	&#13;  so	&#13;  good	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  Smartboards	&#13;  and	&#13;  things,	&#13;  I	&#13;  could	&#13;  work	&#13;  in,	&#13;  instead	&#13;  of	&#13;  telling	&#13;  

�kids	&#13;  about	&#13;  Martin	&#13;  Luther	&#13;  Kings'	&#13;  [Jr.]	&#13;  "I	&#13;  Have	&#13;  a	&#13;  Dream"	&#13;  speech,	&#13;  I	&#13;  can	&#13;  play	&#13;  them	&#13;  a	&#13;  quick	&#13;  5	&#13;  minute	&#13;  
excerpt,	&#13;  I	&#13;  can	&#13;  show	&#13;  them	&#13;  an	&#13;  inauguration,	&#13;  um,	&#13;  so	&#13;  that	&#13;  was	&#13;  good.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Ok,	&#13;  uh	&#13;  do	&#13;  you	&#13;  have	&#13;  any	&#13;  like,	&#13;  uh	&#13;  stories	&#13;  from	&#13;  any	&#13;  particular	&#13;  incidences	&#13;  [incidents]	&#13;  from	&#13;  your	&#13;  
time	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  [Saratoga]	&#13;  high	&#13;  school?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  [Laughs]	&#13;  Stories	&#13;  relative	&#13;  to	&#13;  what?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  I	&#13;  guess	&#13;  like	&#13;  for	&#13;  instance	&#13;  like,	&#13;  did	&#13;  you	&#13;  ever	&#13;  have	&#13;  like	&#13;  a	&#13;  student	&#13;  that	&#13;  like,	&#13;  made	&#13;  you	&#13;  think	&#13;  "Hey,	&#13;  
you	&#13;  know,	&#13;  this	&#13;  might	&#13;  be	&#13;  an	&#13;  interesting	&#13;  way	&#13;  to	&#13;  teach	&#13;  it	&#13;  next	&#13;  time."	&#13;  Or	&#13;  did	&#13;  a	&#13;  teacher	&#13;  come	&#13;  up	&#13;  to	&#13;  
you	&#13;  and	&#13;  say	&#13;  something	&#13;  that	&#13;  like,	&#13;  made	&#13;  think	&#13;  of,	&#13;  like...	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Oh	&#13;  several	&#13;  times,	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  most	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  times	&#13;  the	&#13;  changes	&#13;  I've	&#13;  made	&#13;  in	&#13;  my	&#13;  teaching	&#13;  methods	&#13;  
over	&#13;  the	&#13;  years	&#13;  came	&#13;  from	&#13;  a	&#13;  feedback	&#13;  I	&#13;  got	&#13;  from	&#13;  students.	&#13;  Um,	&#13;  because	&#13;  you	&#13;  a	&#13;  different	&#13;  group	&#13;  of	&#13;  
students	&#13;  every	&#13;  year,	&#13;  and	&#13;  they	&#13;  come	&#13;  at	&#13;  things	&#13;  from	&#13;  a	&#13;  different	&#13;  perspective.	&#13;  Uh,	&#13;  one	&#13;  of	&#13;  my	&#13;  
favorite	&#13;  students	&#13;  ever	&#13;  was	&#13;  a	&#13;  young	&#13;  man	&#13;  who	&#13;  came	&#13;  up	&#13;  to	&#13;  me	&#13;  and	&#13;  said,	&#13;  he	&#13;  was	&#13;  very	&#13;  nice,	&#13;  he	&#13;  was	&#13;  
thanking	&#13;  me	&#13;  for	&#13;  the	&#13;  course,	&#13;  for	&#13;  teaching	&#13;  the	&#13;  course,	&#13;  for	&#13;  teaching	&#13;  the	&#13;  course	&#13;  and	&#13;  everything,	&#13;  
and	&#13;  then	&#13;  he	&#13;  said	&#13;  "You	&#13;  know	&#13;  what	&#13;  I	&#13;  really	&#13;  liked	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  was	&#13;  when	&#13;  we	&#13;  worked	&#13;  in	&#13;  groups."	&#13;  And	&#13;  I	&#13;  
hadn't	&#13;  really	&#13;  been	&#13;  too	&#13;  big	&#13;  on	&#13;  group	&#13;  projects,	&#13;  but	&#13;  for	&#13;  the	&#13;  next	&#13;  years	&#13;  I	&#13;  took	&#13;  a	&#13;  couple	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  units	&#13;  
and	&#13;  I	&#13;  made	&#13;  them	&#13;  group	&#13;  projects	&#13;  things,	&#13;  and	&#13;  all	&#13;  of	&#13;  them-­‐	&#13;  well	&#13;  not	&#13;  all	&#13;  of	&#13;  them-­‐	&#13;  most	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  kids	&#13;  
really	&#13;  seem	&#13;  to	&#13;  like	&#13;  it.	&#13;  So	&#13;  then	&#13;  the	&#13;  next	&#13;  year	&#13;  I	&#13;  did	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  more	&#13;  of	&#13;  that,	&#13;  and-­‐and	&#13;  that	&#13;  happened	&#13;  a	&#13;  
few	&#13;  times	&#13;  in	&#13;  my	&#13;  career,	&#13;  he's	&#13;  now	&#13;  a	&#13;  very	&#13;  successful	&#13;  doctor	&#13;  at	&#13;  a	&#13;  Mass.	&#13;  General	&#13;  Boston	&#13;  
[Massachusetts	&#13;  General	&#13;  Hospital	&#13;  at	&#13;  Boston].	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Cool.	&#13;  Uh,	&#13;  so	&#13;  what	&#13;  was	&#13;  like-­‐	&#13;  wh-­‐what	&#13;  was	&#13;  life	&#13;  like	&#13;  living	&#13;  in	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  [Springs]	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  time,	&#13;  'cus	&#13;  
you	&#13;  were	&#13;  new	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  area,	&#13;  correct?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Yeah	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  [Springs]	&#13;  is	&#13;  uh	&#13;  [small	&#13;  pause]	&#13;  it's	&#13;  an	&#13;  interesting	&#13;  city.	&#13;  Uh	&#13;  when	&#13;  I	&#13;  first	&#13;  moved	&#13;  up	&#13;  
here,	&#13;  there	&#13;  seemed	&#13;  to	&#13;  me	&#13;  there	&#13;  was	&#13;  a	&#13;  strong	&#13;  feeling	&#13;  like	&#13;  Broadway	&#13;  was	&#13;  the	&#13;  dividing	&#13;  line	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  
city.	&#13;  And,	&#13;  briefly	&#13;  when	&#13;  I	&#13;  first	&#13;  moved	&#13;  here	&#13;  I	&#13;  lived	&#13;  in	&#13;  an	&#13;  apartment	&#13;  on	&#13;  the	&#13;  east	&#13;  side	&#13;  of	&#13;  Broadway.	&#13;  
And,	&#13;  but	&#13;  for	&#13;  most	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  time	&#13;  I've	&#13;  been	&#13;  here	&#13;  I	&#13;  lived	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  house	&#13;  on	&#13;  the	&#13;  west	&#13;  side.	&#13;  And	&#13;  it	&#13;  seemed	&#13;  
to	&#13;  me	&#13;  in	&#13;  maybe	&#13;  the	&#13;  first	&#13;  10	&#13;  years	&#13;  I	&#13;  lived	&#13;  here,	&#13;  there	&#13;  was	&#13;  a	&#13;  dividing	&#13;  line	&#13;  between	&#13;  the	&#13;  people	&#13;  of	&#13;  
west	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  [Springs],	&#13;  west	&#13;  of	&#13;  Broadway	&#13;  and	&#13;  east	&#13;  of	&#13;  Broadway,	&#13;  and	&#13;  so,	&#13;  of	&#13;  course	&#13;  I	&#13;  got	&#13;  curious	&#13;  
and	&#13;  I	&#13;  started	&#13;  doing	&#13;  research	&#13;  and	&#13;  talking	&#13;  to	&#13;  people,	&#13;  and	&#13;  uh	&#13;  the	&#13;  [Saratoga]	&#13;  High	&#13;  School	&#13;  used	&#13;  to	&#13;  
be,	&#13;  way	&#13;  back	&#13;  when,	&#13;  over	&#13;  where	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  uh	&#13;  Lake	&#13;  Ave.	&#13;  [Avenue]	&#13;  Elementary	&#13;  School	&#13;  is.	&#13;  So	&#13;  the	&#13;  kids	&#13;  
from	&#13;  [the]	&#13;  West	&#13;  side	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  [Springs]	&#13;  had	&#13;  a	&#13;  longer	&#13;  walk	&#13;  than	&#13;  the	&#13;  kids	&#13;  from	&#13;  the	&#13;  east	&#13;  side	&#13;  of	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  [Springs],	&#13;  and	&#13;  there	&#13;  was	&#13;  a	&#13;  train	&#13;  that	&#13;  cut	&#13;  the	&#13;  path,	&#13;  they	&#13;  went	&#13;  by	&#13;  where	&#13;  the	&#13;  Price	&#13;  
Chopper	&#13;  is,	&#13;  Railroad	&#13;  Place	&#13;  [Aparements].	&#13;  So,	&#13;  the	&#13;  kids	&#13;  from	&#13;  the	&#13;  West	&#13;  side	&#13;  had	&#13;  to	&#13;  time-­‐	&#13;  since	&#13;  
they	&#13;  used	&#13;  to	&#13;  let	&#13;  them	&#13;  home	&#13;  for	&#13;  lunch-­‐	&#13;  but	&#13;  you	&#13;  had	&#13;  to	&#13;  time	&#13;  it	&#13;  right	&#13;  so	&#13;  the	&#13;  train	&#13;  wasn't	&#13;  holding	&#13;  
you	&#13;  up.	&#13;  Um,	&#13;  and	&#13;  o-­‐	&#13;  and	&#13;  then	&#13;  the	&#13;  trains	&#13;  disappeared	&#13;  and	&#13;  all	&#13;  that,	&#13;  but	&#13;  that	&#13;  "feeling"	&#13;  seemed	&#13;  to	&#13;  
stay	&#13;  with	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  old-­‐timers.	&#13;  So	&#13;  that	&#13;  was	&#13;  interesting	&#13;  to	&#13;  me.	&#13;  That's	&#13;  now	&#13;  changed,	&#13;  I	&#13;  don't	&#13;  feel	&#13;  that	&#13;  
now.	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  [Springs]	&#13;  is	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  I	&#13;  think-­‐	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  I	&#13;  read	&#13;  that	&#13;  as	&#13;  of	&#13;  two	&#13;  years	&#13;  ago,	&#13;  for	&#13;  the	&#13;  first	&#13;  time,	&#13;  
there	&#13;  are	&#13;  now	&#13;  more	&#13;  people	&#13;  living	&#13;  in	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  [Springs]	&#13;  who	&#13;  weren't	&#13;  born	&#13;  here	&#13;  than	&#13;  were	&#13;  born	&#13;  
here,	&#13;  so	&#13;  that's	&#13;  a	&#13;  big	&#13;  change	&#13;  in	&#13;  that.	&#13;  Um,	&#13;  but	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  [Springs]	&#13;  you	&#13;  know,	&#13;  you	&#13;  look	&#13;  at	&#13;  its	&#13;  over	&#13;  

�the	&#13;  years,	&#13;  it	&#13;  reinvents	&#13;  itself	&#13;  all	&#13;  the	&#13;  time.	&#13;  And	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  it's	&#13;  done	&#13;  that	&#13;  when	&#13;  the	&#13;  [Saratoga]	&#13;  City	&#13;  
Center	&#13;  came	&#13;  about	&#13;  in	&#13;  1984,	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  [Springs]	&#13;  got	&#13;  revitalized,	&#13;  and	&#13;  boy,	&#13;  where	&#13;  else	&#13;  would	&#13;  you	&#13;  
want	&#13;  to	&#13;  be	&#13;  now?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Um	&#13;  hm,	&#13;  so,	&#13;  how	&#13;  do	&#13;  you	&#13;  think	&#13;  the	&#13;  people	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  [Springs]	&#13;  changed	&#13;  during	&#13;  your	&#13;  time	&#13;  
uh-­‐	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  The	&#13;  time	&#13;  I've	&#13;  been	&#13;  here?	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Um	&#13;  hm.	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  [Deep	&#13;  breath,	&#13;  pause]	&#13;  Well,	&#13;  I-­‐I	&#13;  thought	&#13;  it	&#13;  was	&#13;  noteworthy	&#13;  that	&#13;  a	&#13;  couple	&#13;  years	&#13;  ago	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  
[Springs]	&#13;  get	&#13;  [got]	&#13;  named	&#13;  the	&#13;  "Friendliest	&#13;  city	&#13;  in	&#13;  New	&#13;  York",	&#13;  'cus	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  the	&#13;  people	&#13;  are	&#13;  very	&#13;  
friendly.	&#13;  Um,	&#13;  we're	&#13;  also	&#13;  very	&#13;  also	&#13;  very	&#13;  much	&#13;  Wonderbread,	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  sense	&#13;  that	&#13;  we're-­‐	&#13;  like,	&#13;  I	&#13;  don't	&#13;  
know	&#13;  what	&#13;  we	&#13;  are,	&#13;  90%	&#13;  Caucasian	&#13;  or	&#13;  something,	&#13;  so	&#13;  its	&#13;  been	&#13;  nice	&#13;  to	&#13;  see	&#13;  an	&#13;  influx	&#13;  of	&#13;  minorities	&#13;  
into	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs,	&#13;  and	&#13;  uh-­‐	&#13;  and	&#13;  its	&#13;  been	&#13;  to	&#13;  see	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  kind	&#13;  of	&#13;  
incorporating	&#13;  the	&#13;  kids	&#13;  or	&#13;  the	&#13;  students	&#13;  from	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  more.	&#13;  Uh,	&#13;  there	&#13;  was	&#13;  a	&#13;  time	&#13;  there	&#13;  were	&#13;  
the	&#13;  community	&#13;  town	&#13;  and	&#13;  gown	&#13;  relationships	&#13;  weren't	&#13;  that	&#13;  great.	&#13;  But	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  the	&#13;  college	&#13;  has	&#13;  
made	&#13;  an	&#13;  effort	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  the	&#13;  community	&#13;  has	&#13;  made	&#13;  an	&#13;  effort	&#13;  to	&#13;  try	&#13;  and	&#13;  get	&#13;  closer,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  
that	&#13;  helps	&#13;  both	&#13;  sides.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  I	&#13;  guess,	&#13;  is	&#13;  it	&#13;  ok	&#13;  if	&#13;  you	&#13;  give	&#13;  an	&#13;  example	&#13;  of	&#13;  when	&#13;  times	&#13;  weren't	&#13;  good	&#13;  between	&#13;  the	&#13;  community	&#13;  
and	&#13;  the	&#13;  college	&#13;  and	&#13;  maybe	&#13;  a	&#13;  more	&#13;  recent	&#13;  example	&#13;  how	&#13;  [DP	&#13;  starts	&#13;  speaking]	&#13;  that	&#13;  kinda	&#13;  works	&#13;  
for	&#13;  the	&#13;  better?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Ok,	&#13;  I	&#13;  have	&#13;  to	&#13;  go	&#13;  into	&#13;  my	&#13;  little	&#13;  history	&#13;  thing	&#13;  here	&#13;  for	&#13;  you	&#13;  to	&#13;  do	&#13;  that	&#13;  Chris,	&#13;  but	&#13;  I	&#13;  would	&#13;  say	&#13;  
this,	&#13;  there	&#13;  was	&#13;  a	&#13;  time	&#13;  not	&#13;  too	&#13;  long	&#13;  ago,	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  going	&#13;  to	&#13;  say	&#13;  the	&#13;  1960s,	&#13;  and	&#13;  maybe	&#13;  the	&#13;  50s	&#13;  and	&#13;  
maybe	&#13;  even	&#13;  the	&#13;  70s-­‐	&#13;  but	&#13;  I	&#13;  wasn't	&#13;  here	&#13;  so	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  not	&#13;  sure,	&#13;  when	&#13;  every	&#13;  year-­‐	&#13;  'cus	&#13;  in	&#13;  those	&#13;  days	&#13;  
Skidmore	&#13;  was	&#13;  uh-­‐	&#13;  until	&#13;  the	&#13;  late	&#13;  60s-­‐early	&#13;  70s	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  was	&#13;  downtown,	&#13;  the	&#13;  campus.	&#13;  But	&#13;  
whenever	&#13;  the	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  kids	&#13;  came	&#13;  to	&#13;  start	&#13;  a	&#13;  new	&#13;  school	&#13;  year,	&#13;  li-­‐	&#13;  businesses	&#13;  would	&#13;  have	&#13;  signs	&#13;  
like	&#13;  "Welcome	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  Students"	&#13;  and	&#13;  badubub,	&#13;  you	&#13;  know,	&#13;  and	&#13;  the	&#13;  whole	&#13;  community	&#13;  was	&#13;  like	&#13;  
"Oh,	&#13;  we're	&#13;  happy	&#13;  to	&#13;  have	&#13;  the	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  kids	&#13;  back."	&#13;  Well	&#13;  when	&#13;  I	&#13;  came	&#13;  here	&#13;  in	&#13;  1981	&#13;  there	&#13;  was	&#13;  
none	&#13;  of	&#13;  that.	&#13;  As	&#13;  a	&#13;  matter	&#13;  of	&#13;  fact	&#13;  there	&#13;  was	&#13;  even	&#13;  some	&#13;  "We	&#13;  don't	&#13;  want	&#13;  those	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  kids	&#13;  
down	&#13;  here,	&#13;  where	&#13;  you	&#13;  got	&#13;  to	&#13;  keep	&#13;  an	&#13;  eye	&#13;  on	&#13;  them,"	&#13;  and	&#13;  blahblahblah.	&#13;  But	&#13;  now	&#13;  I've	&#13;  noticed	&#13;  in	&#13;  
the	&#13;  last	&#13;  few	&#13;  years	&#13;  they're	&#13;  back	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  Chamber	&#13;  of	&#13;  Commerce	&#13;  is	&#13;  talking	&#13;  again	&#13;  "Why	&#13;  don't	&#13;  we	&#13;  put	&#13;  
those	&#13;  signs	&#13;  up	&#13;  again?"	&#13;  Uh,	&#13;  so	&#13;  that's	&#13;  a	&#13;  good	&#13;  thing.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Ok	&#13;  cool.	&#13;  So,	&#13;  I	&#13;  know	&#13;  you	&#13;  mentioned	&#13;  that	&#13;  during	&#13;  this	&#13;  time	&#13;  you	&#13;  became	&#13;  involved	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  
[Saratoga	&#13;  Springs]	&#13;  History	&#13;  Museum.	&#13;  	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Yup.	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  How	&#13;  did	&#13;  that	&#13;  happen?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  I	&#13;  got	&#13;  involved	&#13;  with	&#13;  like	&#13;  six	&#13;  or	&#13;  eight	&#13;  groups	&#13;  in	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs,	&#13;  but	&#13;  I	&#13;  became	&#13;  
president	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  [Saratoga	&#13;  Springs]	&#13;  History	&#13;  Museum.	&#13;  The	&#13;  reason	&#13;  was	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  down	&#13;  there	&#13;  alot,	&#13;  
researching	&#13;  things-­‐	&#13;  as	&#13;  I	&#13;  said	&#13;  when	&#13;  we	&#13;  started,	&#13;  as	&#13;  I	&#13;  get	&#13;  questions	&#13;  on	&#13;  things	&#13;  I	&#13;  have	&#13;  to	&#13;  delve	&#13;  more	&#13;  
into	&#13;  them.	&#13;  So	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  questions	&#13;  I	&#13;  had,	&#13;  I	&#13;  always	&#13;  think	&#13;  the	&#13;  best	&#13;  way	&#13;  to	&#13;  teach	&#13;  history	&#13;  is-­‐if	&#13;  I	&#13;  can	&#13;  get	&#13;  
the	&#13;  kids	&#13;  to	&#13;  relate	&#13;  to	&#13;  it	&#13;  from	&#13;  things	&#13;  that	&#13;  happened	&#13;  in	&#13;  their	&#13;  community,	&#13;  then	&#13;  they	&#13;  can	&#13;  kinda	&#13;  see	&#13;  it	&#13;  

�with	&#13;  the	&#13;  United	&#13;  States	&#13;  and	&#13;  maybe	&#13;  globally.	&#13;  So	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  [Saratoga	&#13;  Springs]	&#13;  History	&#13;  Museum	&#13;  
alot	&#13;  doing	&#13;  research,	&#13;  and	&#13;  at	&#13;  one	&#13;  point,	&#13;  um,	&#13;  the	&#13;  director	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  time,	&#13;  asked	&#13;  me	&#13;  if	&#13;  I	&#13;  would	&#13;  be	&#13;  
willing	&#13;  to	&#13;  join	&#13;  the	&#13;  board.	&#13;  So,	&#13;  I	&#13;  did,	&#13;  I	&#13;  joined	&#13;  the	&#13;  board	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  [Saratoga	&#13;  Springs]	&#13;  History	&#13;  Museum,	&#13;  
and	&#13;  I	&#13;  learned	&#13;  alot	&#13;  from	&#13;  those	&#13;  people.	&#13;  Many	&#13;  of	&#13;  them	&#13;  were	&#13;  old-­‐timers,	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  who	&#13;  had	&#13;  been	&#13;  here	&#13;  
forever.	&#13;  And	&#13;  I	&#13;  just	&#13;  listened	&#13;  to	&#13;  them	&#13;  tell	&#13;  their	&#13;  stories.	&#13;  Fascinating.	&#13;  So,	&#13;  then	&#13;  that	&#13;  director	&#13;  left,	&#13;  and	&#13;  
I	&#13;  was	&#13;  one	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  people	&#13;  in	&#13;  charge	&#13;  of	&#13;  finding	&#13;  the	&#13;  new	&#13;  director.	&#13;  So	&#13;  the	&#13;  person	&#13;  we	&#13;  ended	&#13;  up	&#13;  hiring	&#13;  
was	&#13;  Jamie	&#13;  Parillo	&#13;  [James	&#13;  D.	&#13;  Parillo],	&#13;  he's	&#13;  still	&#13;  the	&#13;  director	&#13;  there	&#13;  now,	&#13;  young	&#13;  guy,	&#13;  he	&#13;  had	&#13;  worked	&#13;  
at	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  National	&#13;  Battlefield	&#13;  [Saratoga	&#13;  Battlefield,	&#13;  part	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  National	&#13;  Historical	&#13;  
Park].	&#13;  Um,	&#13;  once	&#13;  Jamie	&#13;  came	&#13;  on	&#13;  board	&#13;  he	&#13;  brought	&#13;  kind	&#13;  of	&#13;  a	&#13;  youthful	&#13;  exuberance	&#13;  to	&#13;  it.	&#13;  As	&#13;  a	&#13;  
matter	&#13;  of	&#13;  fact	&#13;  we	&#13;  started	&#13;  a	&#13;  program	&#13;  where-­‐	&#13;  'cus	&#13;  I	&#13;  said,	&#13;  "We	&#13;  gotta	&#13;  reach	&#13;  out	&#13;  kids	&#13;  more."	&#13;  So	&#13;  we	&#13;  
started	&#13;  something	&#13;  that	&#13;  hadn't	&#13;  been	&#13;  done	&#13;  before,	&#13;  it	&#13;  was	&#13;  a	&#13;  Junior	&#13;  Membership,	&#13;  so	&#13;  that	&#13;  any	&#13;  kid	&#13;  
who	&#13;  wanted	&#13;  to	&#13;  be	&#13;  a	&#13;  member	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  [Saratoga	&#13;  Springs]	&#13;  History	&#13;  Museum,	&#13;  basically	&#13;  got	&#13;  a	&#13;  free	&#13;  
membership.	&#13;  So	&#13;  they	&#13;  got	&#13;  a	&#13;  membership	&#13;  card,	&#13;  and	&#13;  any	&#13;  time	&#13;  they	&#13;  wanted	&#13;  to	&#13;  go	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  museum	&#13;  
to	&#13;  check	&#13;  things	&#13;  out	&#13;  or	&#13;  research,	&#13;  they	&#13;  could	&#13;  go	&#13;  down	&#13;  there.	&#13;  So	&#13;  I	&#13;  thought	&#13;  that	&#13;  was	&#13;  good.	&#13;  Uh,	&#13;  
when	&#13;  I	&#13;  first	&#13;  became	&#13;  president	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  museum,	&#13;  we	&#13;  were	&#13;  suffering	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  bit	&#13;  because	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  
financially,	&#13;  cus'	&#13;  we're	&#13;  dependent,	&#13;  the	&#13;  museum	&#13;  is	&#13;  dependent	&#13;  of	&#13;  grants	&#13;  and	&#13;  donations,	&#13;  uh	&#13;  and,	&#13;  
uh	&#13;  an	&#13;  antiques	&#13;  show	&#13;  they	&#13;  had	&#13;  once	&#13;  a	&#13;  year.	&#13;  And	&#13;  they	&#13;  were	&#13;  struggling,	&#13;  and	&#13;  we	&#13;  were	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  red,	&#13;  
we	&#13;  were	&#13;  in	&#13;  debt.	&#13;  And	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  happy	&#13;  to	&#13;  say	&#13;  that	&#13;  by	&#13;  the	&#13;  time	&#13;  I	&#13;  left	&#13;  as	&#13;  president	&#13;  we	&#13;  were	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  black,	&#13;  
we	&#13;  were	&#13;  showing	&#13;  a	&#13;  profit.	&#13;  And	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  they	&#13;  are	&#13;  doing	&#13;  fine	&#13;  now.	&#13;  Um,	&#13;  so	&#13;  all-­‐all	&#13;  of	&#13;  that	&#13;  was	&#13;  a	&#13;  good	&#13;  
experience.	&#13;  	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  So	&#13;  what	&#13;  did	&#13;  you	&#13;  do	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  [Saratoga	&#13;  Springs]	&#13;  History	&#13;  museum?	&#13;  You	&#13;  were	&#13;  on	&#13;  the	&#13;  board-­‐	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Yup.	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  You	&#13;  helped	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  director	&#13;  [search],	&#13;  so	&#13;  what	&#13;  else	&#13;  did	&#13;  you	&#13;  do	&#13;  there?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Well	&#13;  when-­‐	&#13;  it's	&#13;  easier	&#13;  to	&#13;  say	&#13;  when	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  president	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  board,	&#13;  because	&#13;  when	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  on	&#13;  the	&#13;  
board	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  doing	&#13;  whatever	&#13;  the	&#13;  president	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  time	&#13;  wanted	&#13;  to	&#13;  do	&#13;  or	&#13;  the	&#13;  director,	&#13;  and	&#13;  it	&#13;  
wasn't	&#13;  that	&#13;  much.	&#13;  When	&#13;  I	&#13;  became	&#13;  president,	&#13;  I	&#13;  thought	&#13;  to	&#13;  myself,	&#13;  "Saratoga	&#13;  [Springs]	&#13;  history	&#13;  is	&#13;  
so	&#13;  great,	&#13;  there's	&#13;  so	&#13;  much	&#13;  here."	&#13;  Um,	&#13;  "And	&#13;  this	&#13;  museum	&#13;  is	&#13;  so	&#13;  great,	&#13;  it's	&#13;  the	&#13;  oldest	&#13;  museum	&#13;  in	&#13;  
the	&#13;  city."	&#13;  So	&#13;  I	&#13;  had	&#13;  every	&#13;  member	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  board	&#13;  pick	&#13;  a	&#13;  month	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  year,	&#13;  and	&#13;  whatever	&#13;  month	&#13;  
they	&#13;  picked	&#13;  they	&#13;  put	&#13;  on	&#13;  a	&#13;  program	&#13;  for	&#13;  the	&#13;  public	&#13;  on	&#13;  some	&#13;  aspect	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  [Springs]	&#13;  history.	&#13;  
And	&#13;  we	&#13;  had	&#13;  everything	&#13;  from	&#13;  board	&#13;  members	&#13;  reenacting	&#13;  plays,	&#13;  to	&#13;  doing	&#13;  readings,	&#13;  to	&#13;  just	&#13;  telling	&#13;  
the	&#13;  history	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  potato	&#13;  chip,	&#13;  uh	&#13;  all-­‐	&#13;  but	&#13;  all	&#13;  of	&#13;  them	&#13;  learned	&#13;  more	&#13;  about	&#13;  the	&#13;  museum	&#13;  and	&#13;  
about	&#13;  Saratoga's	&#13;  [Springs']	&#13;  history	&#13;  by	&#13;  doing	&#13;  that.	&#13;  So	&#13;  when	&#13;  their	&#13;  time	&#13;  came	&#13;  up	&#13;  to	&#13;  leave	&#13;  the	&#13;  
board,	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  them	&#13;  wanted	&#13;  to	&#13;  stay	&#13;  on	&#13;  because	&#13;  now	&#13;  they	&#13;  felt	&#13;  more	&#13;  invested	&#13;  in	&#13;  it.	&#13;  So	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  very	&#13;  
proud	&#13;  of	&#13;  that.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Ok,	&#13;  so	&#13;  who	&#13;  do	&#13;  you	&#13;  think	&#13;  the	&#13;  community	&#13;  interacts	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  museum,	&#13;  maybe	&#13;  first,	&#13;  when	&#13;  you	&#13;  
first	&#13;  came	&#13;  on,	&#13;  and	&#13;  maybe	&#13;  today,	&#13;  too	&#13;  as	&#13;  well?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  When	&#13;  I	&#13;  first	&#13;  came	&#13;  on	&#13;  I	&#13;  had	&#13;  the	&#13;  feeling	&#13;  that	&#13;  the-­‐	&#13;  and	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  time	&#13;  the	&#13;  proper	&#13;  name	&#13;  of	&#13;  it	&#13;  was	&#13;  
the	&#13;  "Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  Historical	&#13;  Society",	&#13;  and	&#13;  that	&#13;  sounds	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  puffy,	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  high-­‐brow,	&#13;  and	&#13;  
that's	&#13;  kinda	&#13;  how	&#13;  I	&#13;  though	&#13;  the	&#13;  museum	&#13;  was.	&#13;  Um,	&#13;  like	&#13;  appealing	&#13;  only	&#13;  to	&#13;  old	&#13;  money,	&#13;  and	&#13;  not	&#13;  a	&#13;  
place	&#13;  that	&#13;  would	&#13;  be	&#13;  welcoming	&#13;  to	&#13;  like	&#13;  a	&#13;  young	&#13;  family	&#13;  in	&#13;  Geyser	&#13;  Crest	&#13;  [a	&#13;  neighborhood	&#13;  in	&#13;  

�Saratoga	&#13;  Springs],	&#13;  or	&#13;  any	&#13;  student	&#13;  anywhere	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  city,	&#13;  even	&#13;  at	&#13;  Skidmore.	&#13;  Uh,	&#13;  the	&#13;  other	&#13;  good	&#13;  
thing	&#13;  we	&#13;  did,	&#13;  by	&#13;  the	&#13;  way,	&#13;  over	&#13;  time	&#13;  was	&#13;  that	&#13;  we	&#13;  started	&#13;  bringing	&#13;  in	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  interns,	&#13;  which	&#13;  
were	&#13;  great,	&#13;  because	&#13;  they	&#13;  were	&#13;  learning	&#13;  history	&#13;  but	&#13;  they	&#13;  also	&#13;  gave	&#13;  us	&#13;  good,	&#13;  young	&#13;  ideas	&#13;  and	&#13;  
they're	&#13;  good	&#13;  with	&#13;  the	&#13;  technology.	&#13;  But	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  when	&#13;  I	&#13;  first	&#13;  came	&#13;  here,	&#13;  all	&#13;  the	&#13;  museums	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  
were	&#13;  c	&#13;  -­‐were	&#13;  like	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  only	&#13;  for	&#13;  you	&#13;  know	&#13;  that	&#13;  little	&#13;  percent	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  top,	&#13;  at	&#13;  least	&#13;  that	&#13;  was	&#13;  the	&#13;  
perception.	&#13;  And	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  now,	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  we	&#13;  have	&#13;  11	&#13;  museums	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  city,	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  now	&#13;  they're	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  
more...	&#13;  they're	&#13;  perceived	&#13;  to	&#13;  be	&#13;  more	&#13;  accessible	&#13;  by	&#13;  more	&#13;  people.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Ok.	&#13;  I	&#13;  guess	&#13;  if	&#13;  there	&#13;  was	&#13;  one	&#13;  thing	&#13;  that	&#13;  you	&#13;  really	&#13;  liked	&#13;  about	&#13;  both	&#13;  the	&#13;  High	&#13;  School	&#13;  in	&#13;  
Saratoga	&#13;  [Springs]	&#13;  and	&#13;  the	&#13;  museums,	&#13;  what	&#13;  would	&#13;  that	&#13;  be?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  The	&#13;  people.	&#13;  Um,	&#13;  the	&#13;  museum	&#13;  and	&#13;  the	&#13;  community	&#13;  has	&#13;  wonderful	&#13;  volunteers,	&#13;  uh	&#13;  anytime	&#13;  	&#13;  
something	&#13;  comes	&#13;  up	&#13;  or	&#13;  somebody	&#13;  needs	&#13;  something	&#13;  or	&#13;  group	&#13;  needs	&#13;  something,	&#13;  I've	&#13;  seen	&#13;  the	&#13;  
people	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  step	&#13;  right	&#13;  up	&#13;  and	&#13;  get	&#13;  into	&#13;  it.	&#13;  Um,	&#13;  I	&#13;  know	&#13;  on	&#13;  the	&#13;  Skidmore	&#13;  Campus	&#13;  
you	&#13;  guys	&#13;  have	&#13;  a	&#13;  program	&#13;  called	&#13;  "Skidmore	&#13;  Cares"	&#13;  where	&#13;  I've	&#13;  seen	&#13;  you	&#13;  out	&#13;  raking	&#13;  leaves	&#13;  for	&#13;  
senior	&#13;  citizens,	&#13;  that's	&#13;  great!	&#13;  At	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  High	&#13;  School	&#13;  we	&#13;  had	&#13;  a	&#13;  program	&#13;  in	&#13;  participation	&#13;  in	&#13;  
government,	&#13;  and	&#13;  one	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  sections	&#13;  of	&#13;  it	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  taught,	&#13;  that	&#13;  class,	&#13;  that	&#13;  whole	&#13;  class	&#13;  for	&#13;  [high	&#13;  
school]	&#13;  seniors	&#13;  was	&#13;  to	&#13;  go	&#13;  out	&#13;  and	&#13;  to	&#13;  contribute	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  community	&#13;  somehow.	&#13;  And	&#13;  they	&#13;  came	&#13;  up	&#13;  
with	&#13;  this	&#13;  great	&#13;  project,	&#13;  and	&#13;  a	&#13;  matter	&#13;  of	&#13;  fact	&#13;  we	&#13;  planted	&#13;  a	&#13;  vegetable	&#13;  garden	&#13;  over	&#13;  on	&#13;  the	&#13;  east	&#13;  
side	&#13;  of	&#13;  town,	&#13;  oh	&#13;  God	&#13;  that	&#13;  was	&#13;  in	&#13;  1997,	&#13;  it's	&#13;  still	&#13;  there,	&#13;  and	&#13;  they're	&#13;  still	&#13;  using	&#13;  it	&#13;  for	&#13;  the	&#13;  soup	&#13;  
kitchen,	&#13;  the	&#13;  vegetables.	&#13;  [Coughs]	&#13;  So	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  the	&#13;  people	&#13;  have	&#13;  been	&#13;  really	&#13;  rere-­‐	&#13;  same	&#13;  at	&#13;  SUNY	&#13;  
Albany	&#13;  [Sate	&#13;  University	&#13;  of	&#13;  New	&#13;  York	&#13;  at	&#13;  Albany]	&#13;  when	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  down	&#13;  there,	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  the	&#13;  uh...	&#13;  and	&#13;  
whenever	&#13;  people	&#13;  go	&#13;  all	&#13;  pessimistic	&#13;  about	&#13;  the	&#13;  future	&#13;  or	&#13;  current	&#13;  times	&#13;  and	&#13;  things,	&#13;  I	&#13;  don't,	&#13;  
because	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  first	&#13;  of	&#13;  all	&#13;  I	&#13;  have	&#13;  historic	&#13;  perspective	&#13;  so	&#13;  I	&#13;  know	&#13;  how	&#13;  history	&#13;  has	&#13;  ups	&#13;  and	&#13;  downs,	&#13;  but	&#13;  
I	&#13;  also	&#13;  have	&#13;  great	&#13;  faith	&#13;  in	&#13;  people,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  people	&#13;  will	&#13;  pull	&#13;  us	&#13;  through.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Ok,	&#13;  I	&#13;  guess	&#13;  if	&#13;  there's	&#13;  one	&#13;  thing	&#13;  you	&#13;  would	&#13;  like	&#13;  to	&#13;  change	&#13;  in	&#13;  some	&#13;  form	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  high	&#13;  school	&#13;  or	&#13;  
the	&#13;  museum	&#13;  system,	&#13;  what	&#13;  would-­‐	&#13;  what	&#13;  would	&#13;  you	&#13;  like	&#13;  to	&#13;  do?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Change?	&#13;  Hmm...	&#13;  
[pause]	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Umm....	&#13;  
[long	&#13;  pause]	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  I	&#13;  have	&#13;  to	&#13;  think	&#13;  about	&#13;  that	&#13;  for	&#13;  a	&#13;  second.	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Take	&#13;  your	&#13;  time,	&#13;  no	&#13;  big	&#13;  deal.	&#13;  
[long	&#13;  pause]	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Well	&#13;  there	&#13;  is	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  changes	&#13;  I	&#13;  would	&#13;  like	&#13;  to	&#13;  see	&#13;  made	&#13;  in	&#13;  public	&#13;  education.	&#13;  I'll	&#13;  just	&#13;  give	&#13;  you	&#13;  a	&#13;  
couple	&#13;  of	&#13;  ideas.	&#13;  I	&#13;  would	&#13;  like	&#13;  to	&#13;  see	&#13;  every	&#13;  student,	&#13;  no	&#13;  matter	&#13;  what	&#13;  their	&#13;  academic	&#13;  level	&#13;  is,	&#13;  take	&#13;  a	&#13;  
semester	&#13;  of	&#13;  BOCES	&#13;  [Boards	&#13;  of	&#13;  Cooperative	&#13;  Educational	&#13;  Services	&#13;  of	&#13;  New	&#13;  York	&#13;  state],	&#13;  of	&#13;  
vocational	&#13;  training,	&#13;  and	&#13;  learn	&#13;  how	&#13;  to	&#13;  change	&#13;  oil	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  car,	&#13;  or	&#13;  change	&#13;  a	&#13;  tire,	&#13;  or...um...	&#13;  you	&#13;  know	&#13;  
there's	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  options	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  vocational	&#13;  training	&#13;  school-­‐	&#13;  or	&#13;  basic	&#13;  plumbing	&#13;  or	&#13;  carpentry	&#13;  or	&#13;  
something.	&#13;  Uh,	&#13;  I-­‐I	&#13;  think	&#13;  we	&#13;  went	&#13;  for	&#13;  a	&#13;  long	&#13;  time	&#13;  in	&#13;  this	&#13;  country,	&#13;  where	&#13;  we	&#13;  were	&#13;  kinda	&#13;  elitist,	&#13;  
and	&#13;  we	&#13;  just	&#13;  said,	&#13;  "the	&#13;  only	&#13;  people	&#13;  really	&#13;  who	&#13;  are	&#13;  successful	&#13;  are	&#13;  the	&#13;  people	&#13;  who	&#13;  go	&#13;  to	&#13;  college,"	&#13;  
and	&#13;  I	&#13;  don't	&#13;  think	&#13;  that's	&#13;  true.	&#13;  We	&#13;  will	&#13;  always	&#13;  needs	&#13;  craftsmen,	&#13;  plumbers,	&#13;  electricians,	&#13;  and	&#13;  

�actually	&#13;  in	&#13;  this	&#13;  country	&#13;  right	&#13;  now	&#13;  we	&#13;  have	&#13;  shortage	&#13;  of	&#13;  those.	&#13;  We	&#13;  have	&#13;  a	&#13;  storage	&#13;  of	&#13;  people	&#13;  who	&#13;  
can	&#13;  do	&#13;  this-­‐	&#13;  I	&#13;  mean	&#13;  everyone	&#13;  wants	&#13;  to	&#13;  be	&#13;  the	&#13;  next	&#13;  great	&#13;  Einstein,	&#13;  well,	&#13;  Einstein	&#13;  still	&#13;  needs	&#13;  a	&#13;  
place	&#13;  to	&#13;  work	&#13;  and	&#13;  someone's	&#13;  gotta	&#13;  build	&#13;  that.	&#13;  And	&#13;  um,	&#13;  so	&#13;  I	&#13;  would	&#13;  like	&#13;  to	&#13;  see	&#13;  more,	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  more	&#13;  
emphasis,	&#13;  an-­‐an-­‐and	&#13;  not	&#13;  so	&#13;  much	&#13;  snobbery	&#13;  looking	&#13;  down	&#13;  the	&#13;  nose	&#13;  at	&#13;  vocational	&#13;  training.	&#13;  So	&#13;  I	&#13;  
guess	&#13;  that's	&#13;  one	&#13;  thing.	&#13;  The	&#13;  second	&#13;  thing	&#13;  would	&#13;  be	&#13;  ...	&#13;  [clears	&#13;  throat]	&#13;  I'm	&#13;  not	&#13;  sure	&#13;  how	&#13;  you	&#13;  do	&#13;  
this	&#13;  so	&#13;  Chris	&#13;  I'll	&#13;  leave	&#13;  this	&#13;  up	&#13;  to	&#13;  you,	&#13;  I	&#13;  hate	&#13;  cliques,	&#13;  it's	&#13;  the	&#13;  one	&#13;  thing	&#13;  I	&#13;  hated	&#13;  the	&#13;  most	&#13;  teaching	&#13;  
in	&#13;  the	&#13;  [Saratoga]	&#13;  High	&#13;  School	&#13;  all	&#13;  those	&#13;  years.	&#13;  So,	&#13;  I	&#13;  would	&#13;  almost	&#13;  like	&#13;  to	&#13;  see,	&#13;  I	&#13;  don't	&#13;  know	&#13;  you	&#13;  
would	&#13;  do	&#13;  it,	&#13;  but	&#13;  some	&#13;  school	&#13;  come	&#13;  up	&#13;  with	&#13;  some	&#13;  system	&#13;  where	&#13;  anyone	&#13;  sits	&#13;  anywhere,	&#13;  at	&#13;  the	&#13;  
cafeteria	&#13;  table.	&#13;  It's	&#13;  not	&#13;  cliques	&#13;  all	&#13;  sitting	&#13;  together	&#13;  or	&#13;  ganging	&#13;  up	&#13;  on	&#13;  somebody.	&#13;  Because	&#13;  the	&#13;  
bullying	&#13;  that	&#13;  goes	&#13;  on	&#13;  now	&#13;  that's	&#13;  made	&#13;  headlines?	&#13;  That's	&#13;  gone	&#13;  on	&#13;  forever!	&#13;  And	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  it	&#13;  comes	&#13;  
from	&#13;  cliques.	&#13;  And	&#13;  bullies,	&#13;  basically,	&#13;  are	&#13;  insecure,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  think,	&#13;  in	&#13;  a	&#13;  way,	&#13;  cliques-­‐	&#13;  they're	&#13;  kinda	&#13;  
tribal	&#13;  in	&#13;  nature,	&#13;  they	&#13;  make	&#13;  insecure	&#13;  people	&#13;  feel	&#13;  better	&#13;  if	&#13;  they're	&#13;  with	&#13;  a	&#13;  bunch	&#13;  of	&#13;  other	&#13;  insecure	&#13;  
people.	&#13;  So,	&#13;  I've	&#13;  always	&#13;  hated	&#13;  that.	&#13;  Now,	&#13;  we've	&#13;  had	&#13;  a	&#13;  couple	&#13;  of	&#13;  classes	&#13;  there,	&#13;  class	&#13;  of	&#13;  '84,	&#13;  the	&#13;  
class	&#13;  of	&#13;  '90,	&#13;  the	&#13;  class	&#13;  of	&#13;  '94,	&#13;  uh	&#13;  those	&#13;  three	&#13;  in	&#13;  particular	&#13;  stick	&#13;  out	&#13;  to	&#13;  me	&#13;  because	&#13;  they	&#13;  weren't	&#13;  
cliquey.	&#13;  Everybody	&#13;  in	&#13;  that	&#13;  class	&#13;  seemed	&#13;  to	&#13;  get	&#13;  along	&#13;  with	&#13;  everybody	&#13;  else!	&#13;  And	&#13;  that	&#13;  was	&#13;  great.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Ok.	&#13;  Anything	&#13;  about	&#13;  the	&#13;  museums	&#13;  you	&#13;  would	&#13;  like	&#13;  to	&#13;  change?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Uh,	&#13;  not	&#13;  I	&#13;  just	&#13;  wish	&#13;  they	&#13;  would	&#13;  find	&#13;  a	&#13;  way,	&#13;  or	&#13;  somebody	&#13;  would	&#13;  come	&#13;  up	&#13;  with	&#13;  a	&#13;  way,	&#13;  that	&#13;  
more	&#13;  people	&#13;  in	&#13;  town	&#13;  didn't	&#13;  feel	&#13;  intimidated	&#13;  by	&#13;  them,	&#13;  and	&#13;  would	&#13;  ch-­‐and	&#13;  would...	&#13;  maybe	&#13;  what	&#13;  
you	&#13;  do,	&#13;  I	&#13;  don't	&#13;  know	&#13;  how	&#13;  you	&#13;  would	&#13;  do	&#13;  this,	&#13;  if	&#13;  they	&#13;  could	&#13;  get,	&#13;  uh	&#13;  an	&#13;  endowment	&#13;  of	&#13;  some	&#13;  kind,	&#13;  
um,	&#13;  and	&#13;  everybody	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  city,	&#13;  for	&#13;  like,	&#13;  one	&#13;  year,	&#13;  could	&#13;  just	&#13;  go	&#13;  to	&#13;  any	&#13;  museum	&#13;  they	&#13;  wanted	&#13;  
whenever	&#13;  they	&#13;  wanted	&#13;  for	&#13;  free,	&#13;  just	&#13;  so	&#13;  people	&#13;  would	&#13;  go	&#13;  and	&#13;  see	&#13;  what	&#13;  we	&#13;  have	&#13;  here.	&#13;  We	&#13;  have	&#13;  
this	&#13;  treasury	&#13;  here,	&#13;  but	&#13;  A.	&#13;  People	&#13;  don't	&#13;  wanna-­‐	&#13;  or	&#13;  can't	&#13;  perhaps,	&#13;  pay	&#13;  the	&#13;  money	&#13;  to	&#13;  join	&#13;  the	&#13;  
museum,	&#13;  or	&#13;  B.	&#13;  they	&#13;  feel	&#13;  intimidated	&#13;  because	&#13;  they	&#13;  don't	&#13;  feel	&#13;  like	&#13;  they're	&#13;  welcome	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  
museum,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I-­‐	&#13;  if	&#13;  we	&#13;  can	&#13;  get	&#13;  a	&#13;  more	&#13;  welcoming	&#13;  feeling	&#13;  somehow,	&#13;  um,	&#13;  after	&#13;  we	&#13;  started	&#13;  the	&#13;  
program	&#13;  were	&#13;  we	&#13;  get	&#13;  the-­‐	&#13;  let	&#13;  the	&#13;  kids	&#13;  be	&#13;  free	&#13;  members,	&#13;  I-­‐I	&#13;  let	&#13;  the	&#13;  kids	&#13;  put	&#13;  on	&#13;  a	&#13;  program	&#13;  one	&#13;  
night,	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  it	&#13;  was	&#13;  in	&#13;  May	&#13;  one	&#13;  year,	&#13;  on	&#13;  the	&#13;  history	&#13;  of	&#13;  immigration	&#13;  into	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  [Springs],	&#13;  and	&#13;  
they	&#13;  did	&#13;  like	&#13;  five	&#13;  different	&#13;  groups	&#13;  of	&#13;  immigrants,	&#13;  and	&#13;  they	&#13;  put	&#13;  up	&#13;  an	&#13;  actual	&#13;  display.	&#13;  And	&#13;  we	&#13;  left	&#13;  
it	&#13;  up	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  museum	&#13;  for	&#13;  the	&#13;  whole	&#13;  summer.	&#13;  People	&#13;  loved	&#13;  it!	&#13;  Uh	&#13;  but	&#13;  they-­‐	&#13;  all	&#13;  the	&#13;  words	&#13;  were	&#13;  
from	&#13;  the	&#13;  kids,	&#13;  the	&#13;  pictures	&#13;  were	&#13;  all	&#13;  chosen	&#13;  by	&#13;  the	&#13;  kids,	&#13;  they	&#13;  put	&#13;  it	&#13;  up-­‐	&#13;  well	&#13;  we	&#13;  had	&#13;  an	&#13;  opening	&#13;  
night,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  hoping	&#13;  we	&#13;  might	&#13;  fifteen	&#13;  to	&#13;  twenty	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  parents	&#13;  to	&#13;  show	&#13;  up,	&#13;  this	&#13;  was	&#13;  a	&#13;  class	&#13;  of	&#13;  
uh,	&#13;  trying	&#13;  to	&#13;  think,	&#13;  maybe	&#13;  35	&#13;  kids	&#13;  I	&#13;  had	&#13;  in	&#13;  it.	&#13;  We	&#13;  had	&#13;  three	&#13;  hundred	&#13;  people	&#13;  show	&#13;  up!	&#13;  Uh	&#13;  they	&#13;  
were	&#13;  streaming	&#13;  out	&#13;  the	&#13;  door	&#13;  and	&#13;  the	&#13;  parents	&#13;  and	&#13;  the	&#13;  grandparents	&#13;  were	&#13;  so	&#13;  proud	&#13;  of	&#13;  their	&#13;  kids,	&#13;  
but	&#13;  the	&#13;  other	&#13;  thing	&#13;  I	&#13;  noticed	&#13;  was	&#13;  so	&#13;  many	&#13;  of	&#13;  them	&#13;  were	&#13;  said	&#13;  [saying]	&#13;  to	&#13;  me,	&#13;  "Hi,	&#13;  I've	&#13;  never	&#13;  been	&#13;  
in	&#13;  here	&#13;  before."	&#13;  And	&#13;  it	&#13;  was	&#13;  great	&#13;  to	&#13;  at	&#13;  least	&#13;  get	&#13;  them	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  museum.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Hmm.	&#13;  So	&#13;  what	&#13;  was	&#13;  it	&#13;  like	&#13;  starting	&#13;  the	&#13;  tour	&#13;  uh	&#13;  company?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Oh	&#13;  the	&#13;  tour	&#13;  company?	&#13;  Well,	&#13;  unbeknownst	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  two	&#13;  of	&#13;  us,	&#13;  this	&#13;  is	&#13;  with	&#13;  my	&#13;  buddy	&#13;  Charlie	&#13;  
Kuenzel,	&#13;  Charlie	&#13;  was	&#13;  a	&#13;  science	&#13;  teacher,	&#13;  I	&#13;  had	&#13;  taught	&#13;  two	&#13;  of	&#13;  three	&#13;  kids,	&#13;  and	&#13;  Charlie	&#13;  was	&#13;  doing	&#13;  
tours...	&#13;  they	&#13;  weren't	&#13;  tours,	&#13;  Charlie	&#13;  would	&#13;  take	&#13;  his	&#13;  science	&#13;  classes	&#13;  around	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  springs	&#13;  to	&#13;  test	&#13;  
the	&#13;  mineral	&#13;  waters,	&#13;  went	&#13;  to	&#13;  rock	&#13;  formations	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  like	&#13;  down	&#13;  in-­‐	&#13;  have	&#13;  you	&#13;  been,	&#13;  I	&#13;  know	&#13;  
you've	&#13;  been	&#13;  Chris,	&#13;  you	&#13;  know,	&#13;  High	&#13;  Rock	&#13;  Spring?	&#13;  Where	&#13;  you	&#13;  can	&#13;  see	&#13;  where	&#13;  the	&#13;  earthquake	&#13;  

�caused	&#13;  the	&#13;  springs	&#13;  to	&#13;  start.	&#13;  So	&#13;  he	&#13;  would	&#13;  take	&#13;  his	&#13;  kids	&#13;  around	&#13;  town	&#13;  to	&#13;  that.	&#13;  Well	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  trying	&#13;  to	&#13;  
start,	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  eventually	&#13;  did	&#13;  start,	&#13;  a	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  [Springs]	&#13;  history	&#13;  class	&#13;  for	&#13;  [high	&#13;  school]	&#13;  seniors.	&#13;  So	&#13;  I	&#13;  
was	&#13;  taking	&#13;  of	&#13;  groups	&#13;  of	&#13;  kids	&#13;  mostly	&#13;  down	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  casino,	&#13;  to	&#13;  the	&#13;  museum	&#13;  [the	&#13;  History	&#13;  Museum	&#13;  is	&#13;  
in	&#13;  the	&#13;  old	&#13;  building	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  Canfield	&#13;  Casino],	&#13;  into	&#13;  Congress	&#13;  park	&#13;  and	&#13;  tell	&#13;  them	&#13;  the	&#13;  story	&#13;  of	&#13;  that.	&#13;  So	&#13;  
one	&#13;  day	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  thi-­‐	&#13;  I	&#13;  wa-­‐	&#13;  oh,	&#13;  what	&#13;  we	&#13;  did	&#13;  was	&#13;  we	&#13;  each	&#13;  started,	&#13;  for	&#13;  professional	&#13;  development	&#13;  for	&#13;  
teachers,	&#13;  offering	&#13;  a	&#13;  two	&#13;  hour	&#13;  course	&#13;  for	&#13;  teachers	&#13;  on	&#13;  the	&#13;  history	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs.	&#13;  He	&#13;  was	&#13;  
doing	&#13;  it	&#13;  from	&#13;  the	&#13;  science	&#13;  point	&#13;  of	&#13;  view	&#13;  I	&#13;  was	&#13;  doing	&#13;  it	&#13;  from	&#13;  history.	&#13;  And	&#13;  somebody	&#13;  said,	&#13;  "I	&#13;  took	&#13;  
Charlie's	&#13;  course,"	&#13;  he	&#13;  took	&#13;  my	&#13;  course,	&#13;  and	&#13;  somebody	&#13;  said,	&#13;  "Why	&#13;  don't	&#13;  you	&#13;  guys	&#13;  just	&#13;  do	&#13;  this	&#13;  
together?"	&#13;  And	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  so	&#13;  we	&#13;  said	&#13;  "Alright,	&#13;  we'll	&#13;  try	&#13;  it."	&#13;  So	&#13;  we	&#13;  started	&#13;  teaching	&#13;  that	&#13;  to	&#13;  teachers	&#13;  a	&#13;  
couple	&#13;  times	&#13;  together.	&#13;  We	&#13;  became	&#13;  great	&#13;  friends,	&#13;  we	&#13;  hit	&#13;  it	&#13;  off	&#13;  great.	&#13;  The	&#13;  science	&#13;  and	&#13;  social	&#13;  
studies	&#13;  and	&#13;  the	&#13;  history	&#13;  meshed,	&#13;  and	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  that's	&#13;  how	&#13;  the	&#13;  tour	&#13;  business	&#13;  started.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Cool,	&#13;  so	&#13;  when	&#13;  did	&#13;  you	&#13;  start	&#13;  that	&#13;  independent	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  school?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  1999,	&#13;  I-­‐I	&#13;  think	&#13;  it's	&#13;  been	&#13;  almost	&#13;  twenty	&#13;  years.	&#13;  And	&#13;  over	&#13;  that	&#13;  time	&#13;  we've	&#13;  tours	&#13;  to	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  two	&#13;  
hundred	&#13;  FBI	&#13;  agents,	&#13;  the	&#13;  Second	&#13;  Circuit	&#13;  of	&#13;  Appeals	&#13;  [United	&#13;  States	&#13;  Court	&#13;  of	&#13;  Appeals	&#13;  for	&#13;  the	&#13;  
Second	&#13;  Circuit]	&#13;  including	&#13;  jus-­‐	&#13;  including	&#13;  Justice	&#13;  [Ruth	&#13;  Bader]	&#13;  Ginsburg,	&#13;  Demi	&#13;  Lovato	&#13;  and	&#13;  her	&#13;  
band,	&#13;  umm	&#13;  [pause]	&#13;  oh	&#13;  I	&#13;  mean	&#13;  any	&#13;  kind	&#13;  of	&#13;  group	&#13;  you	&#13;  can	&#13;  imagine	&#13;  uh	&#13;  we've	&#13;  given	&#13;  tours	&#13;  too.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  And	&#13;  have	&#13;  you	&#13;  changed	&#13;  that	&#13;  [DP	&#13;  starts	&#13;  speaking]	&#13;  since	&#13;  you	&#13;  started?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Oh	&#13;  of	&#13;  course!	&#13;  We've	&#13;  worked	&#13;  with	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  Professor	&#13;  Dym's	&#13;  classes	&#13;  here	&#13;  at	&#13;  Skidmore,	&#13;  and	&#13;  at	&#13;  
Skidmore	&#13;  orientation.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Anyway,	&#13;  have	&#13;  you	&#13;  changed	&#13;  the	&#13;  tour	&#13;  over	&#13;  the	&#13;  years	&#13;  as	&#13;  well?	&#13;  Or	&#13;  has	&#13;  it	&#13;  [DP	&#13;  starts	&#13;  speaking]	&#13;  
remained	&#13;  pretty	&#13;  consistent?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Well	&#13;  the	&#13;  nice	&#13;  thing	&#13;  is	&#13;  with	&#13;  history,	&#13;  it	&#13;  really	&#13;  doesn't	&#13;  change...	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Um	&#13;  hm.	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  ...and	&#13;  if	&#13;  it	&#13;  does	&#13;  if	&#13;  there's	&#13;  something	&#13;  wrong.	&#13;  [laughs]	&#13;  Um,	&#13;  but	&#13;  what	&#13;  has	&#13;  happened	&#13;  over	&#13;  time	&#13;  
is,	&#13;  every	&#13;  year	&#13;  I've	&#13;  learned	&#13;  more	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  history	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  [Springs].	&#13;  Like	&#13;  I	&#13;  don't	&#13;  you're	&#13;  learning	&#13;  
of	&#13;  it	&#13;  ever	&#13;  stops.	&#13;  And	&#13;  so	&#13;  that's	&#13;  changed,	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  things	&#13;  have	&#13;  been	&#13;  added	&#13;  to	&#13;  it,	&#13;  but	&#13;  like	&#13;  I	&#13;  said	&#13;  
before	&#13;  with	&#13;  teaching	&#13;  a	&#13;  history	&#13;  course,	&#13;  if	&#13;  you're	&#13;  adding	&#13;  more	&#13;  things	&#13;  to	&#13;  it	&#13;  you	&#13;  gotta	&#13;  look	&#13;  for	&#13;  
things	&#13;  to	&#13;  take	&#13;  out.	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Mm	&#13;  hm.	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Um,	&#13;  so	&#13;  that's	&#13;  happened.	&#13;  But	&#13;  mostly	&#13;  it's	&#13;  the	&#13;  same	&#13;  as	&#13;  what	&#13;  we	&#13;  did	&#13;  twenty	&#13;  years	&#13;  ago.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  I	&#13;  guess	&#13;  has-­‐	&#13;  have	&#13;  you	&#13;  learned	&#13;  anything	&#13;  that	&#13;  surprised	&#13;  you	&#13;  recently?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Oh	&#13;  all	&#13;  lot,	&#13;  um	&#13;  [pause]	&#13;  Gideon	&#13;  Putnam,	&#13;  came	&#13;  to	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs	&#13;  when	&#13;  he	&#13;  was	&#13;  twenty	&#13;  five	&#13;  
years	&#13;  old,	&#13;  and	&#13;  his	&#13;  wife	&#13;  was	&#13;  uh	&#13;  Doanda,	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  was	&#13;  twenty	&#13;  two	&#13;  or	&#13;  twenty	&#13;  three.	&#13;  He	&#13;  is	&#13;  considered	&#13;  
the	&#13;  founder	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs,	&#13;  now	&#13;  there	&#13;  were	&#13;  people	&#13;  here	&#13;  before	&#13;  him,	&#13;  but	&#13;  he	&#13;  was	&#13;  a	&#13;  
lumberman,	&#13;  and	&#13;  he	&#13;  laid	&#13;  out	&#13;  the	&#13;  village	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga,	&#13;  down-­‐	&#13;  what	&#13;  is	&#13;  now	&#13;  downtown	&#13;  Saratoga.	&#13;  His	&#13;  
wife,	&#13;  Doanda,	&#13;  would	&#13;  whitewash	&#13;  trees,	&#13;  put	&#13;  whitewash	&#13;  on	&#13;  trees,	&#13;  and	&#13;  then	&#13;  he,	&#13;  the	&#13;  lumberman,	&#13;  

�would	&#13;  cut	&#13;  the	&#13;  trees	&#13;  down,	&#13;  and	&#13;  that's	&#13;  how	&#13;  they	&#13;  made	&#13;  the	&#13;  roads.	&#13;  So,	&#13;  two	&#13;  things	&#13;  having	&#13;  to	&#13;  do	&#13;  him	&#13;  
I	&#13;  learned	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  thought	&#13;  were	&#13;  interesting.	&#13;  One	&#13;  was,	&#13;  we	&#13;  always	&#13;  thought,	&#13;  "This	&#13;  guy	&#13;  is	&#13;  a	&#13;  genius	&#13;  for	&#13;  
making	&#13;  a	&#13;  road	&#13;  one	&#13;  hundred	&#13;  and	&#13;  forty	&#13;  seven	&#13;  feet	&#13;  wide	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  middle	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  woods,"	&#13;  because	&#13;  
today,	&#13;  I	&#13;  mean,	&#13;  it's	&#13;  great	&#13;  width,	&#13;  you	&#13;  know,	&#13;  'cus	&#13;  most	&#13;  streets	&#13;  aren't	&#13;  like	&#13;  that,	&#13;  especially	&#13;  not	&#13;  in	&#13;  
1789.	&#13;  Well	&#13;  it	&#13;  turns	&#13;  out	&#13;  we	&#13;  found	&#13;  writings	&#13;  of	&#13;  Gideon	&#13;  Putnam	&#13;  and	&#13;  the	&#13;  reason	&#13;  the	&#13;  street	&#13;  was	&#13;  that	&#13;  
wide	&#13;  was	&#13;  because	&#13;  he	&#13;  was	&#13;  a	&#13;  lumberman,	&#13;  and	&#13;  he	&#13;  pulled	&#13;  a	&#13;  cart	&#13;  behind	&#13;  his	&#13;  horses,	&#13;  he	&#13;  would	&#13;  let	&#13;  
them	&#13;  back	&#13;  the	&#13;  cart	&#13;  up	&#13;  without	&#13;  having	&#13;  to	&#13;  make	&#13;  all	&#13;  these	&#13;  fancy	&#13;  maneuvers,	&#13;  so	&#13;  he	&#13;  could	&#13;  turn	&#13;  the	&#13;  
cart	&#13;  around,	&#13;  at	&#13;  one	&#13;  hundred	&#13;  and	&#13;  forty	&#13;  seven	&#13;  feet,	&#13;  and	&#13;  that's	&#13;  why	&#13;  the	&#13;  road	&#13;  is	&#13;  that	&#13;  wide.	&#13;  So	&#13;  it	&#13;  
was	&#13;  very	&#13;  practical	&#13;  but	&#13;  that	&#13;  was	&#13;  interesting.	&#13;  The	&#13;  other	&#13;  thing	&#13;  about	&#13;  him	&#13;  I	&#13;  thought	&#13;  was	&#13;  interesting,	&#13;  
well	&#13;  two	&#13;  things,	&#13;  two	&#13;  more	&#13;  things.	&#13;  One	&#13;  was,	&#13;  he	&#13;  set	&#13;  up	&#13;  the	&#13;  first	&#13;  school	&#13;  in	&#13;  Saratoga,	&#13;  first	&#13;  public	&#13;  
school,	&#13;  he	&#13;  set	&#13;  up	&#13;  the	&#13;  first	&#13;  church	&#13;  in	&#13;  Saratoga,	&#13;  both	&#13;  over	&#13;  on	&#13;  Washington	&#13;  street,	&#13;  and	&#13;  he	&#13;  also	&#13;  set	&#13;  
up	&#13;  the	&#13;  first	&#13;  burial	&#13;  ground,	&#13;  and	&#13;  unfortunately	&#13;  he	&#13;  was	&#13;  the	&#13;  first	&#13;  one	&#13;  buried	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  burial	&#13;  ground.	&#13;  
And	&#13;  the	&#13;  last	&#13;  thing	&#13;  about	&#13;  him	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  is	&#13;  interesting	&#13;  is	&#13;  that	&#13;  I	&#13;  never	&#13;  knew,	&#13;  uh	&#13;  was	&#13;  that	&#13;  his	&#13;  uncle	&#13;  
was	&#13;  the	&#13;  founder	&#13;  of	&#13;  Marietta,	&#13;  Ohio,	&#13;  so	&#13;  it	&#13;  must	&#13;  have	&#13;  been	&#13;  in	&#13;  their	&#13;  blood.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Anyway,	&#13;  I	&#13;  guess,	&#13;  since	&#13;  we're	&#13;  starting	&#13;  to	&#13;  approach	&#13;  thirty	&#13;  minutes	&#13;  here,	&#13;  I	&#13;  guess	&#13;  I'll	&#13;  leave	&#13;  off	&#13;  
with	&#13;  one	&#13;  question	&#13;  that,	&#13;  in	&#13;  class	&#13;  we	&#13;  discussed,	&#13;  and	&#13;  then	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  as	&#13;  a	&#13;  historian	&#13;  you	&#13;  might	&#13;  find	&#13;  
interesting,	&#13;  we	&#13;  noticed	&#13;  that	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  town	&#13;  of	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  [Springs]	&#13;  there's	&#13;  a	&#13;  lot	&#13;  of	&#13;  statues	&#13;  of	&#13;  horses,	&#13;  
and	&#13;  uh	&#13;  they	&#13;  have	&#13;  jockeys	&#13;  and	&#13;  there	&#13;  is	&#13;  a	&#13;  Civil	&#13;  War	&#13;  solider,	&#13;  but	&#13;  there	&#13;  isn't	&#13;  really	&#13;  as	&#13;  many	&#13;  statues	&#13;  
as	&#13;  individuals.	&#13;  Who	&#13;  do	&#13;  you	&#13;  think	&#13;  you	&#13;  would	&#13;  like	&#13;  to	&#13;  see	&#13;  a	&#13;  statue	&#13;  of	&#13;  in	&#13;  town?	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Oh!	&#13;  What	&#13;  a	&#13;  good	&#13;  question.	&#13;  Professor	&#13;  Dym.	&#13;  Uh,	&#13;  how	&#13;  about	&#13;  uh,	&#13;  let's	&#13;  see,	&#13;  "Who	&#13;  would	&#13;  I	&#13;  like	&#13;  
to	&#13;  see	&#13;  a	&#13;  statue	&#13;  of,"	&#13;  -­‐	&#13;  well	&#13;  interestingly,	&#13;  of	&#13;  all	&#13;  the	&#13;  people	&#13;  in	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  history,	&#13;  the	&#13;  one	&#13;  we	&#13;  have	&#13;  no	&#13;  
idea	&#13;  what	&#13;  he	&#13;  looks	&#13;  like	&#13;  is	&#13;  Gideon	&#13;  Putnam.	&#13;  Everyone	&#13;  else	&#13;  we	&#13;  at	&#13;  least	&#13;  have	&#13;  a	&#13;  sketch	&#13;  or	&#13;  a	&#13;  
photograph	&#13;  or	&#13;  something,	&#13;  we	&#13;  have	&#13;  no	&#13;  idea	&#13;  what	&#13;  he	&#13;  looks	&#13;  like.	&#13;  His	&#13;  wife	&#13;  we	&#13;  have,	&#13;  his	&#13;  kids,	&#13;  but	&#13;  
not	&#13;  him,	&#13;  so	&#13;  I	&#13;  don't	&#13;  you	&#13;  could	&#13;  do	&#13;  that	&#13;  statue.	&#13;  Uh,	&#13;  who	&#13;  would	&#13;  you	&#13;  do	&#13;  a	&#13;  sat-­‐	&#13;  want	&#13;  to	&#13;  hear	&#13;  an	&#13;  
interesting	&#13;  fun	&#13;  fact	&#13;  about	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs?	&#13;  	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Sure!	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Almost	&#13;  all	&#13;  of	&#13;  the	&#13;  great	&#13;  things	&#13;  that	&#13;  happened	&#13;  in	&#13;  the	&#13;  city	&#13;  since	&#13;  1789,	&#13;  since	&#13;  Gideon	&#13;  Putnam,	&#13;  
were	&#13;  done	&#13;  by	&#13;  people	&#13;  who	&#13;  moved	&#13;  here,	&#13;  not	&#13;  by	&#13;  people	&#13;  who	&#13;  were	&#13;  born	&#13;  here.	&#13;  That's	&#13;  fascinating.	&#13;  
Um	&#13;  alright	&#13;  so	&#13;  who	&#13;  do	&#13;  we	&#13;  want	&#13;  statue	&#13;  to?	&#13;  
[Long	&#13;  pause]	&#13;  
Mine	&#13;  would	&#13;  be	&#13;  a	&#13;  little	&#13;  bit	&#13;  controversial,	&#13;  but	&#13;  my	&#13;  statute	&#13;  would	&#13;  be	&#13;  to	&#13;  John	&#13;  Morrissey,	&#13;  John	&#13;  
Morrissey	&#13;  not	&#13;  only	&#13;  built	&#13;  the	&#13;  Canfield	&#13;  Casino,	&#13;  but	&#13;  he	&#13;  founded	&#13;  the	&#13;  racetrack	&#13;  [Saratoga	&#13;  Race	&#13;  
Course],	&#13;  and	&#13;  I	&#13;  think	&#13;  most	&#13;  peop-­‐	&#13;  and	&#13;  you	&#13;  can	&#13;  make	&#13;  a	&#13;  pretty	&#13;  good	&#13;  argument,	&#13;  that	&#13;  over	&#13;  the	&#13;  years,	&#13;  
those	&#13;  two	&#13;  things	&#13;  were	&#13;  the	&#13;  two	&#13;  biggest	&#13;  attractions	&#13;  in	&#13;  Saratoga	&#13;  Springs.	&#13;  
	&#13;  
CC:	&#13;  Ok	&#13;  cool,	&#13;  anyway,	&#13;  thank	&#13;  you	&#13;  for	&#13;  your	&#13;  time	&#13;  today!	&#13;  
	&#13;  
DP:	&#13;  Oh,	&#13;  thank	&#13;  you!	&#13;  	&#13;  

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8/03/18</text>
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              <text>Christopher Cocchi: Ok, testing 1,2,3. I think its working. Ok! So uh, first thing is that, uh do you, just to go over uh, verbal consent, uh do you agree to what you signed before about, you know, hav- lending your voice to the uh, Saratoga or Skidmore Memory Project [Skidmore Saratoga Memory Project (SSMP)] and uh, you know, letting it be used online and whatnot?&#13;
&#13;
Dave Paterson: I do.&#13;
&#13;
CC: Cool, thank you. Anyway, first things first I just have to record just the empty the noise here so that they can edit it out so I'm just gonna be silent for about a few seconds here&#13;
&#13;
[Pause]&#13;
&#13;
CC: Ok, so for the record, my name is Christopher Cocchi, I'm here with Dave Paterson, in the Skidmore Library in the Media Viewing room, and I'm interviewing him for the Public History in Skidmore with Professor [Jordana] Dym. So uh, I guess, to begin, uh, what's uh, just tell me about yourself, like uh, when were you born or like where did you live growing up?&#13;
&#13;
DP: Ok, I was born in south Boston-&#13;
CC: Um hm.&#13;
DP:-in 1954.&#13;
CC: Um hm.&#13;
DP : And, uh, I've been in Saratoga [Springs] for the last 47 years. I've taught for over 30 years at the [Saratoga Springs] high school here, [as the] Social Studies department head, and overlapping 15 years at The University at Albany. Uh, in the midst of all that teaching of I was also President of the Saratoga Springs History Museum, and for 19 years a friend of mine and I have run a company called Saratoga Tours, where we give historic tours of Saratoga Springs.&#13;
&#13;
CC: Ok cool. So uh, what got you interested in history in the first place?&#13;
&#13;
DP: Probably my 8th grade history teacher, uh, Mr.Curren [SP?], and uh, he's the first one who made who made it more about how and why instead of, memorizing  who, what, when, and where and dates and all those, and uh, I always liked to read. And once I started reading history, then I wanted to read more, it's like, now I'm writing for Saratoga Living Magazine, I think the new, the new relaunch of the magazine just came out a couple days ago, and I have an article in there that I wrote for them about the blizzard of 1888 when we got 57 inches of snow. But while I was researching that, and reading up on that, then I found a bunch more questions I wanted answers to so then I go off on- and that's the great thing about history, you're never done.&#13;
&#13;
CC: Um hm. That's very cool. Now uh, where did you go after your, uh, experience in public school, like which university did you [DP starts speaking] go to from there?&#13;
&#13;
DP: Oh, uh college-wise I was at the, first was at the University of Miami.&#13;
CC: Um hm.&#13;
DP: Uh, I was playing Baseball also at the time so I left Miami, um I ended up getting degrees from Boston College, uh, University at Albany, and [ The College of] Saint Rose.&#13;
&#13;
CC: Ok cool. And what was your first experience out of college?&#13;
&#13;
DP: [Deep breath] [You] mean work wise?&#13;
CC: Yeah.&#13;
DP: I taught for half a year in Rutland, Vermont. I was the fourth teacher they had hired, because the 7th and 8th graders were driving all the substitute people crazy, and I remember I started in February, oh I think 1980, and I get through the rest of the school year with them, and a matter of fact, on like the second the second to last week of school, the assistant superintendent asked me if I was available to come back an- oh- then next year and I said I was. And he said they were going to give me like a "The 8th grade teacher of the year award" and I said oh this is great, and then the next week I got laid off!&#13;
CC: Oh!&#13;
DP: [Laughs] So I was going to go back to Boston and open up a sporting goods store, and uh, on my way down through, I had interviewed at Saratoga High School before, but they already had a position filled, on my way down- I was packing up my car literally, on the day I was going to go to Boston, when Saratoga called and said "we have an opening, do you want to come up and interview?" [Unsure mumble] I said ok, I will. So I went up, they hired me, and I've been there for the last 40 years.&#13;
&#13;
CC: Uh, so, what was your- what was- wh- what was your teaching at Saratoga High [School]?&#13;
&#13;
DP: Uh, really good. Uh, Saratoga [Springs]'s a really good school district. Uh, I taught everything you can teach in the Social Studies from grades 7 to 12. Every level of student, from the weakest kids we had, a lot of kids with special needs, up to the Advanced Placement courses, uh I think I was only the 2nd Advance Placement U.S. History teacher in the county when we started that program. Um, I also taught in summer school I taught phys. ed. [Physical Education], I taught English, Social Studies, so, but, you know, all in all a terrific experience. Great kids.&#13;
&#13;
CC: So, how- did anything change over the years that you were teaching History at Saratoga High School?&#13;
&#13;
DP: [Deep breath] Well, [pause] that's one of the great things about history, things do change as time goes on, um the first kids I taught in the 1980's, I don't know if you'll remember Chris but there used to be a show on TV, a TV show in the 80's called "Family Ties".&#13;
CC: Um hmm.&#13;
DP: And most of the kids in the 80's were a lot like that Alex P. Keaton character. You know, they were the Michael Fox character, um, very preppy kind of thing, and we went through ph-phase for a while, but then we get into a phase where uh, everybody was getting piercings everywhere, and then we got into a phase where the clothes got kinda wild, and then it went back to more conservative dress. So it's kinda been all over the place, and uh, its interesting because towards the end of my career I noticed I was teaching a lot of the sons and daughters of kids I taught 30 years before.&#13;
&#13;
CC: Did uh the material you taught change at all or was it pretty consistent?&#13;
&#13;
DP: Well the tough thing with History is- and Math teachers don't understand this- um, there's a finite amount of information to teach in the AP [Advanced Placement] or Regents [Examinations] Math or Science courses, so they can usually schedule their courses to end, let's say, mid-May, or early May, which will give them to review for either the AP exam or the Regents. Well, History just gets added onto every year. So, for example when we get to 2001, you can't leave out 9/11, that's too important [of] a piece of history. So as you add things in, you have to edit other things that you've been teaching over time. So, you figure, when I started, was the first year Reagan, Ro-Ro Ronald Reagan was president, um when I ended [Barack] Obama was president. Well, a lot changed, and then you gotta teach all that. So, the amount I had to teach changed, and I think my methods of teaching changed.&#13;
&#13;
CC: Could you go into that, like wh-wh- how did your methods change?&#13;
&#13;
DP: Well, [Cough] education isn't a once size fit all, I don't think, although I-it does make me laugh because [the] New York Department of Education continually talks about differentiated instruction, which is the idea that every student should be treated differently and taught according to, you know, what they can do. And I agree with that philosophically, [Cough] yet they want every kid to sit down for same Regents exam, whether you live in Long Island, or Brooklyn, or Saratoga Springs. And to me that is a little ridiculous. I never had a student fail a state test, but I think the reason for that is, because even with lowest level kids I taught, I always treated Social Studies, and I think it's true of any subject [test], as a vocabulary test. As long the kids understand what the questions are at the end of the year, they can answer them. What happens is a lot of teachers think they're being a good teacher, what they'll do something like this, they'll say, I'll be teaching a class and I'll say "Ok, so were when the immigrants were coming into New York City, and they were being processed, and they were slowly getting accepted and they got jobs in factories, and they started to learn the English language, and customs in America, that's called Assimilation." Well some teachers, thinking they're just trying to help the kids, will just refer to it as "fitting in", 'cus the kids will understand it better. The problem is when they get to the Regents exam, the Regents uses the word "assimilation", and if a student doesn't associate the word assimilation with the immigrant experience, they're not going to get the question right. So I learned early on that vocabulary was an important part. Also early on when I was teaching it was a lot more chalk talk lecturing, as then as time when the technology get so good with the Smartboards and things, I could work in, instead of telling kids about Martin Luther Kings' [Jr.] "I Have a Dream" speech, I can play them a quick 5 minute excerpt, I can show them an inauguration, um, so that was good.&#13;
&#13;
CC: Ok, uh do you have any like, uh stories from any particular incidences [incidents] from your time in the [Saratoga] high school?&#13;
&#13;
DP: [Laughs] Stories relative to what?&#13;
&#13;
CC: I guess like for instance like, did you ever have like a student that like, made you think "Hey, you know, this might be an interesting way to teach it next time." Or did a teacher come up to you and say something that like, made think of, like...&#13;
&#13;
DP: Oh several times, I think most of the times the changes I've made in my teaching methods over the years came from a feedback I got from students. Um, because you a different group of students every year, and they come at things from a different perspective. Uh, one of my favorite students ever was a young man who came up to me and said, he was very nice, he was thanking me for the course, for teaching the course, for teaching the course and everything, and then he said "You know what I really liked a lot was when we worked in groups." And I hadn't really been too big on group projects, but for the next years I took a couple of the units and I made them group projects things, and all of them- well not all of them- most of the kids really seem to like it. So then the next year I did a little more of that, and-and that happened a few times in my career, he's now a very successful doctor at a Mass. General Boston [Massachusetts General Hospital at Boston].&#13;
&#13;
CC: Cool. Uh, so what was like- wh-what was life like living in Saratoga [Springs] at the time, 'cus you were new to the area, correct?&#13;
&#13;
DP: Yeah Saratoga [Springs] is uh [small pause] it's an interesting city. Uh when I first moved up here, there seemed to me there was a strong feeling like Broadway was the dividing line in the city. And, briefly when I first moved here I lived in an apartment on the east side of Broadway. And, but for most of the time I've been here I lived in a house on the west side. And it seemed to me in maybe the first 10 years I lived here, there was a dividing line between the people of west Saratoga [Springs], west of Broadway and east of Broadway, and so, of course I got curious and I started doing research and talking to people, and uh the [Saratoga] High School used to be, way back when, over where uh, uh Lake Ave. [Avenue] Elementary School is. So the kids from [the] West side of Saratoga [Springs] had a longer walk than the kids from the east side of Saratoga [Springs], and there was a train that cut the path, they went by where the Price Chopper is, Railroad Place [Aparements]. So, the kids from the West side had to time- since they used to let them home for lunch- but you had to time it right so the train wasn't holding you up. Um, and o- and then the trains disappeared and all that, but that "feeling" seemed to stay with a lot of old-timers. So that was interesting to me. That's now changed, I don't feel that now. Saratoga [Springs] is uh, I think- I think I read that as of two years ago, for the first time, there are now more people living in Saratoga [Springs] who weren't born here than were born here, so that's a big change in that. Um, but Saratoga [Springs] you know, you look at its over the years, it reinvents itself all the time. And I think it's done that when the [Saratoga] City Center came about in 1984, Saratoga [Springs] got revitalized, and boy, where else would you want to be now?&#13;
&#13;
CC: Um hm, so, how do you think the people of Saratoga [Springs] changed during your time uh-&#13;
DP: The time I've been here?&#13;
CC: Um hm.&#13;
DP: [Deep breath, pause] Well, I-I thought it was noteworthy that a couple years ago Saratoga [Springs] get [got] named the "Friendliest city in New York", 'cus I think the people are very friendly. Um, we're also very also very much Wonderbread, in the sense that we're- like, I don't know what we are, 90% Caucasian or something, so its been nice to see an influx of minorities into the city of Saratoga Springs, and uh- and its been to see the city of Saratoga Springs kind of incorporating the kids or the students from Skidmore more. Uh, there was a time there were the community town and gown relationships weren't that great. But I think the college has made an effort and I think the community has made an effort to try and get closer, and I think that helps both sides.&#13;
&#13;
CC: I guess, is it ok if you give an example of when times weren't good between the community and the college and maybe a more recent example how [DP starts speaking] that kinda works for the better?&#13;
&#13;
DP: Ok, I have to go into my little history thing here for you to do that Chris, but I would say this, there was a time not too long ago, I'm going to say the 1960s, and maybe the 50s and maybe even the 70s- but I wasn't here so I'm not sure, when every year- 'cus in those days Skidmore was uh- until the late 60s-early 70s Skidmore was downtown, the campus. But whenever the Skidmore kids came to start a new school year, li- businesses would have signs like "Welcome Skidmore Students" and badubub, you know, and the whole community was like "Oh, we're happy to have the Skidmore kids back." Well when I came here in 1981 there was none of that. As a matter of fact there was even some "We don't want those Skidmore kids down here, where you got to keep an eye on them," and blahblahblah. But now I've noticed in the last few years they're back to the Chamber of Commerce is talking again "Why don't we put those signs up again?" Uh, so that's a good thing.&#13;
&#13;
CC: Ok cool. So, I know you mentioned that during this time you became involved with the [Saratoga Springs] History Museum. &#13;
DP: Yup.&#13;
CC: How did that happen?&#13;
&#13;
DP: I think I got involved with like six or eight groups in Saratoga Springs, but I became president of the [Saratoga Springs] History Museum. The reason was I was down there alot, researching things- as I said when we started, as I get questions on things I have to delve more into them. So a lot of questions I had, I always think the best way to teach history is-if I can get the kids to relate to it from things that happened in their community, then they can kinda see it with the United States and maybe globally. So I was in the [Saratoga Springs] History Museum alot doing research, and at one point, um, the director at the time, asked me if I would be willing to join the board. So, I did, I joined the board at the [Saratoga Springs] History Museum, and I learned alot from those people. Many of them were old-timers, uh, who had been here forever. And I just listened to them tell their stories. Fascinating. So, then that director left, and I was one of the people in charge of finding the new director. So the person we ended up hiring was Jamie Parillo [James D. Parillo], he's still the director there now, young guy, he had worked at Saratoga National Battlefield [Saratoga Battlefield, part of the Saratoga National Historical Park]. Um, once Jamie came on board he brought kind of a youthful exuberance to it. As a matter of fact we started a program where- 'cus I said, "We gotta reach out kids more." So we started something that hadn't been done before, it was a Junior Membership, so that any kid who wanted to be a member of the [Saratoga Springs] History Museum, basically got a free membership. So they got a membership card, and any time they wanted to go to the museum to check things out or research, they could go down there. So I thought that was good. Uh, when I first became president of the museum, we were suffering a little bit because uh, financially, cus' we're dependent, the museum is dependent of grants and donations, uh and, uh an antiques show they had once a year. And they were struggling, and we were in the red, we were in debt. And I'm happy to say that by the time I left as president we were in the black, we were showing a profit. And I think they are doing fine now. Um, so all-all of that was a good experience. &#13;
&#13;
CC: So what did you do at the [Saratoga Springs] History museum? You were on the board-&#13;
DP: Yup.&#13;
CC: You helped with the director [search], so what else did you do there?&#13;
&#13;
DP: Well when- it's easier to say when I was president of the board, because when I was on the board I was doing whatever the president at the time wanted to do or the director, and it wasn't that much. When I became president, I thought to myself, "Saratoga [Springs] history is so great, there's so much here." Um, "And this museum is so great, it's the oldest museum in the city." So I had every member of the board pick a month of the year, and whatever month they picked they put on a program for the public on some aspect of Saratoga [Springs] history. And we had everything from board members reenacting plays, to doing readings, to just telling the history of the potato chip, uh all- but all of them learned more about the museum and about Saratoga's [Springs'] history by doing that. So when their time came up to leave the board, a lot of them wanted to stay on because now they felt more invested in it. So I was very proud of that.&#13;
&#13;
CC: Ok, so who do you think the community interacts with the museum, maybe first, when you first came on, and maybe today, too as well?&#13;
&#13;
DP: When I first came on I had the feeling that the- and at the time the proper name of it was the "Saratoga Springs Historical Society", and that sounds a little puffy, a little high-brow, and that's kinda how I though the museum was. Um, like appealing only to old money, and not a place that would be welcoming to like a young family in Geyser Crest [a neighborhood in Saratoga Springs], or any student anywhere in the city, even at Skidmore. Uh, the other good thing we did, by the way, over time was that we started bringing in Skidmore interns, which were great, because they were learning history but they also gave us good, young ideas and they're good with the technology. But I think when I first came here, all the museums in the city were c -were like uh, only for you know that little percent at the top, at least that was the perception. And I think now, I think we have 11 museums in the city, I think now they're a little more... they're perceived to be more accessible by more people.&#13;
&#13;
CC: Ok. I guess if there was one thing that you really liked about both the High School in Saratoga [Springs] and the museums, what would that be?&#13;
&#13;
DP: The people. Um, the museum and the community has wonderful volunteers, uh anytime  something comes up or somebody needs something or group needs something, I've seen the people of Saratoga Springs step right up and get into it. Um, I know on the Skidmore Campus you guys have a program called "Skidmore Cares" where I've seen you out raking leaves for senior citizens, that's great! At Saratoga High School we had a program in participation in government, and one of the sections of it that I taught, that class, that whole class for [high school] seniors was to go out and to contribute to the community somehow. And they came up with this great project, and a matter of fact we planted a vegetable garden over on the east side of town, oh God that was in 1997, it's still there, and they're still using it for the soup kitchen, the vegetables. [Coughs] So I think the people have been really rere- same at SUNY Albany [Sate University of New York at Albany] when I was down there, I think the uh... and whenever people go all pessimistic about the future or current times and things, I don't, because uh, first of all I have historic perspective so I know how history has ups and downs, but I also have great faith in people, and I think uh, I think people will pull us through.&#13;
&#13;
CC: Ok, I guess if there's one thing you would like to change in some form in the high school or the museum system, what would- what would you like to do?&#13;
&#13;
DP: Change? Hmm...&#13;
[pause]&#13;
DP: Umm....&#13;
[long pause]&#13;
DP: I have to think about that for a second.&#13;
CC: Take your time, no big deal.&#13;
[long pause]&#13;
DP: Well there is a lot of changes I would like to see made in public education. I'll just give you a couple of ideas. I would like to see every student, no matter what their academic level is, take a semester of BOCES [Boards of Cooperative Educational Services of New York state], of vocational training, and learn how to change oil in a car, or change a tire, or...um... you know there's a lot of options at the vocational training school- or basic plumbing or carpentry or something. Uh, I-I think we went for a long time in this country, where we were kinda elitist, and we just said, "the only people really who are successful are the people who go to college," and I don't think that's true. We will always needs craftsmen, plumbers, electricians, and actually in this country right now we have shortage of those. We have a storage of people who can do this- I mean everyone wants to be the next great Einstein, well, Einstein still needs a place to work and someone's gotta build that. And um, so I would like to see more, a little more emphasis, an-an-and not so much snobbery looking down the nose at vocational training. So I guess that's one thing. The second thing would be ... [clears throat] I'm not sure how you do this so Chris I'll leave this up to you, I hate cliques, it's the one thing I hated the most teaching in the [Saratoga] High School all those years. So, I would almost like to see, I don't know you would do it, but some school come up with some system where anyone sits anywhere, at the cafeteria table. It's not cliques all sitting together or ganging up on somebody. Because the bullying that goes on now that's made headlines? That's gone on forever! And I think it comes from cliques. And bullies, basically, are insecure, and I think, in a way, cliques- they're kinda tribal in nature, they make insecure people feel better if they're with a bunch of other insecure people. So, I've always hated that. Now, we've had a couple of classes there, class of '84, the class of '90, the class of '94, uh those three in particular stick out to me because they weren't cliquey. Everybody in that class seemed to get along with everybody else! And that was great.&#13;
&#13;
CC: Ok. Anything about the museums you would like to change?&#13;
&#13;
DP: Uh, not I just wish they would find a way, or somebody would come up with a way, that more people in town didn't feel intimidated by them, and would ch-and would... maybe what you do, I don't know how you would do this, if they could get, uh an endowment of some kind, um, and everybody in the city, for like, one year, could just go to any museum they wanted whenever they wanted for free, just so people would go and see what we have here. We have this treasury here, but A. People don't wanna- or can't perhaps, pay the money to join the museum, or B. they feel intimidated because they don't feel like they're welcome in the museum, and I- if we can get a more welcoming feeling somehow, um, after we started the program were we get the- let the kids be free members, I-I let the kids put on a program one night, I think it was in May one year, on the history of immigration into Saratoga [Springs], and they did like five different groups of immigrants, and they put up an actual display. And we left it up in the museum for the whole summer. People loved it! Uh but they- all the words were from the kids, the pictures were all chosen by the kids, they put it up- well we had an opening night, and I was hoping we might fifteen to twenty of the parents to show up, this was a class of uh, trying to think, maybe 35 kids I had in it. We had three hundred people show up! Uh they were streaming out the door and the parents and the grandparents were so proud of their kids, but the other thing I noticed was so many of them were said [saying] to me, "Hi, I've never been in here before." And it was great to at least get them in the museum.&#13;
&#13;
CC: Hmm. So what was it like starting the tour uh company?&#13;
&#13;
DP: Oh the tour company? Well, unbeknownst to the two of us, this is with my buddy Charlie Kuenzel, Charlie was a science teacher, I had taught two of three kids, and Charlie was doing tours... they weren't tours, Charlie would take his science classes around to the springs to test the mineral waters, went to rock formations in the city like down in- have you been, I know you've been Chris, you know, High Rock Spring? Where you can see where the earthquake caused the springs to start. So he would take his kids around town to that. Well I was trying to start, and I eventually did start, a Saratoga [Springs] history class for [high school] seniors. So I was taking of groups of kids mostly down to the casino, to the museum [the History Museum is in the old building of the Canfield Casino], into Congress park and tell them the story of that. So one day and I thi- I wa- oh, what we did was we each started, for professional development for teachers, offering a two hour course for teachers on the history of Saratoga Springs. He was doing it from the science point of view I was doing it from history. And somebody said, "I took Charlie's course," he took my course, and somebody said, "Why don't you guys just do this together?" And uh, so we said "Alright, we'll try it." So we started teaching that to teachers a couple times together. We became great friends, we hit it off great. The science and social studies and the history meshed, and uh, that's how the tour business started.&#13;
&#13;
CC: Cool, so when did you start that independent of the school?&#13;
&#13;
DP: 1999, I-I think it's been almost twenty years. And over that time we've tours to uh, two hundred FBI agents, the Second Circuit of Appeals [United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit] including jus- including Justice [Ruth Bader] Ginsburg, Demi Lovato and her band, umm [pause] oh I mean any kind of group you can imagine uh we've given tours too.&#13;
&#13;
CC: And have you changed that [DP starts speaking] since you started?&#13;
&#13;
DP: Oh of course! We've worked with uh, Professor Dym's classes here at Skidmore, and at Skidmore orientation.&#13;
&#13;
CC: Anyway, have you changed the tour over the years as well? Or has it [DP starts speaking] remained pretty consistent?&#13;
&#13;
DP: Well the nice thing is with history, it really doesn't change...&#13;
CC: Um hm.&#13;
DP: ...and if it does if there's something wrong. [laughs] Um, but what has happened over time is, every year I've learned more of the history of Saratoga [Springs]. Like I don't you're learning of it ever stops. And so that's changed, a lot of things have been added to it, but like I said before with teaching a history course, if you're adding more things to it you gotta look for things to take out.&#13;
CC: Mm hm.&#13;
DP: Um, so that's happened. But mostly it's the same as what we did twenty years ago.&#13;
&#13;
CC: I guess has- have you learned anything that surprised you recently?&#13;
&#13;
DP: Oh all lot, um [pause] Gideon Putnam, came to Saratoga Springs when he was twenty five years old, and his wife was uh Doanda, I think was twenty two or twenty three. He is considered the founder of Saratoga Springs, now there were people here before him, but he was a lumberman, and he laid out the village of Saratoga, down- what is now downtown Saratoga. His wife, Doanda, would whitewash trees, put whitewash on trees, and then he, the lumberman, would cut the trees down, and that's how they made the roads. So, two things having to do him I learned that I thought were interesting. One was, we always thought, "This guy is a genius for making a road one hundred and forty seven feet wide in the middle of the woods," because today, I mean, it's great width, you know, 'cus most streets aren't like that, especially not in 1789. Well it turns out we found writings of Gideon Putnam and the reason the street was that wide was because he was a lumberman, and he pulled a cart behind his horses, he would let them back the cart up without having to make all these fancy maneuvers, so he could turn the cart around, at one hundred and forty seven feet, and that's why the road is that wide. So it was very practical but that was interesting. The other thing about him I thought was interesting, well two things, two more things. One was, he set up the first school in Saratoga, first public school, he set up the first church in Saratoga, both over on Washington street, and he also set up the first burial ground, and unfortunately he was the first one buried in the burial ground. And the last thing about him that I think is interesting is that I never knew, uh was that his uncle was the founder of Marietta, Ohio, so it must have been in their blood.&#13;
&#13;
CC: Anyway, I guess, since we're starting to approach thirty minutes here, I guess I'll leave off with one question that, in class we discussed, and then I think as a historian you might find interesting, we noticed that in the town of Saratoga [Springs] there's a lot of statues of horses, and uh they have jockeys and there is a Civil War solider, but there isn't really as many statues as individuals. Who do you think you would like to see a statue of in town?&#13;
&#13;
DP: Oh! What a good question. Professor Dym. Uh, how about uh, let's see, "Who would I like to see a statue of," - well interestingly, of all the people in Saratoga history, the one we have no idea what he looks like is Gideon Putnam. Everyone else we at least have a sketch or a photograph or something, we have no idea what he looks like. His wife we have, his kids, but not him, so I don't you could do that statue. Uh, who would you do a sat- want to hear an interesting fun fact about Saratoga Springs? &#13;
CC: Sure!&#13;
DP: Almost all of the great things that happened in the city since 1789, since Gideon Putnam, were done by people who moved here, not by people who were born here. That's fascinating. Um alright so who do we want statue to?&#13;
[Long pause]&#13;
Mine would be a little bit controversial, but my statute would be to John Morrissey, John Morrissey not only built the Canfield Casino, but he founded the racetrack [Saratoga Race Course], and I think most peop- and you can make a pretty good argument, that over the years, those two things were the two biggest attractions in Saratoga Springs.&#13;
&#13;
CC: Ok cool, anyway, thank you for your time today!&#13;
&#13;
DP: Oh, thank you! &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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It doesn’t matter what my boss might say. I’m the one who’s hungry. I know that leaving all my work behind for a bit will allow me to relax and gather my strength to keep on going.&#13;
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Time teaches us how to fight for a better quality of life, hard-working hands! Strong and Worn! Hands that also know how to caress and to show the bravery it takes to continue fighting every day to achieve goals and dreams that aren’t easy to reach.</text>
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Whenever I look back on my life’s journey, I see that everything changes, time does not forgive, there is still the absence of smiles, of hugs, of tears from my loved ones that are no longer here; only the memories are left in my mind and in my heart.</text>
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Hot, cold, rain, our transportation is as fast or as slow as we want, always in motion, always giving us the chance to contemplate the beauty of our Saratoga. </text>
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